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20 January 2025, Volume 62 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special volume for green,yield increasing,quality improving and efficiency improving technologies for major grain crops in Xinjing
Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer
Plant Protection·Horticultural Special Local Products
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Special volume for green,yield increasing,quality improving and efficiency improving technologies for major grain crops in Xinjing

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Analysis of combined application of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat and the fertilizer effect SUN Na, MA Lin, ZOU Hui, ZHANG Zhihui, ZHANG Shengjun, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, LI Zhibin, CAO Junmei, LEI Junjie 2025, 62(1): 1-12.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.001 Abstract ( 1548 )   HTML ( 35 )   PDF (1213KB) ( 91 )   【Objective】 It is important to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer rationing on the yield and quality of wheat and the fertilizer effect, and to find out the optimal NPK fertilizer application rate and fertilizer ration for high yield, high quality and high efficiency of wheat. 【Methods】 The winter wheat cultivar Xindong 42 was used as the test material, and the fertilizer effect test design scheme "3414" was adopted to conduct the field plot test to determine the yield and quality related traits of winter wheat and to fit the fertilizer effect model. 【Results】 Meanwhile the effect of NPK fertilizer on yield showed reciprocal effects, with the size of the reciprocal effects being NPK>NP>NK>PK in the order of NPK>NP>PK. Among the 14 treatments, N2P2K2 had the highest yield and economic benefit of 8,036.03 kg/hm2 and 18,044.85 yuan/hm2, respectively. After being analyzed by the regression equation, the maximum yield of 8,082.75 kg/hm2 was achieved when the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 190.21, 122.27 and 53.11 kg/hm2, respectively; the best economic benefit achieved was 18,056.37/hm2,when the application rates 171.03, 108.18 and 44.77 kg/hm2, respectively; maximum starch dry basis content 5,742.29 kg/hm2 was obtained 180.00, 125.69 and 50.90 kg/hm2, respectively; maximum wet gluten content 274.64, 69.75 and 138.95 kg/hm2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could significantly improve the yield, quality and economic benefits of Xindong 42.

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Yield formation characteristics of different spring wheat varieties in dryland farming area of Xinjiang CHEN Hui, ZHANG Yongqiang, BI Haiyan, TANJun , CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, YU Jianxin, LU Dong, LEI Junjie 2025, 62(1): 13-20.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.002 Abstract ( 1496 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (904KB) ( 33 )   【Objective】 To screen out high-yield spring wheat varieties suitable for planting and promotion under rain-fed agriculture conditions in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The chlorophyll content, agronomic traits and yield of 32 spring wheat varieties were determined, and the drought tolerance of spring wheat in Xinjiang was comprehensively evaluated by analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The chlorophyll content of Xinchun 44 was the highest, which was 11.92% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688. The coefficient of variation of the main quantitative traits of spring wheat ranged from 6.18% to 28.75%, and the four indexes of actual yield, biomass per plant, number of infertile spikelets and 1000-grain weight had rich genetic variation and great potential for improvement. The highest yield of Xinchun 44 was 6,174.76 kg/hm2, which was 82.04% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688.There was a significant positive correlation between the yield and 1000-grain weight (P< 0.01), which were significantly positively correlated with the number of grains per panicle and stem length under panicle (P< 0. 05). At the genetic distance of 12.5, it was divided into five major groups, and the traits of each group were significantly different, and the number of grains per spike and the yield of group II Xinchun 44 were significantly higher than those of other groups. 【Conclusion】 Considering comprehensively, it is considered that Xinchun 44 has the strongest drought tolerance and is suitable for planting and promotion in the dryland of Xinjiang. After comprehensive consideration, it is believed that Xinchun 44 drought resistance is the strongest and is suitable for planting and promotion in dry land in Xinjiang.

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Effects of uniform sowing and densification on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat XIE Xiurong, ZHANG Yongqiang, HAI Feng, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, WANG Jichuan 2025, 62(1): 21-28.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.003 Abstract ( 1405 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (908KB) ( 35 )   【Objective】 To study the effects of uniform sowing on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat in northern Xinjiang, and to provide basis for reasonable dense planting of late sowing wheat in the region. 【Methods】 Delayed sowing time (sowing date was October 26, witha delay of 16~ 38 d) was used to analyze the effects of late sowingand uniform sowing on the population structue and yield of winter wheat during the appropriate sowing period of winter wheat (September 20~ 30), and differe nt planting densities were set up in the field:525×104 grains/hm2(D1, the conventional sowing density of the field),600×104 grains/hm2 (D2), 675×104 grains/hm2(D3), 750×104 grains/hm2(D4),825×104 grains/hm2(D5), and 900×104 grains/hm2(D6), to compare the population structure of late sowing winter wheat with different planting densities. 【Results】 Under late sowing conditions, with the increase of planting density, the number of stems and tillers increased, with the D1 treatment having the highest tiller success rate of 46.08%, which was higher than the other treatments by 2. 01%, 8. 94%, 29. 58%, 43. 02%, and 44. 63%, in that order;Plant height increased with increasing density, and all D1 treatments differed significantly from D5 and D6 treatments, and basalinternode 1 and internode 2 coarseness gradually decreased; the difference betweenD1 treatment and D5 and D6 treatment was significant,With D3 treatment (6.75 million grains /hm2), the leaf area of each leaf layer at flowering stage reached the maximumvalue (27.58 cm2, 25.75 cm2, 18.45 cm2),andthe leaf area index LAI also reached the maximum value (6.93), and the light transmission from floweringstage to wax ripening stage decreased the least among all treatments. The maximum yield was 8,908.47kg/hm2 under D5 treatment,and the minimum yield was 7,320.47 kg/hm2 under D1 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of late sowing, the planting density of 675 × 104 grains/hm2 has better population structure, while 825 × 104 grains/hm2 is more capable of obtaining high yield,and 675 × 104 ~ 825× 104 grains/hm2 is more suitable for late sowing of winter wheat even sowing planting density.

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Effects of different phosphorus application modes on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of Dry-Seeded and Wet-Emerged winter wheat ZHANG Yanting, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, CHEN Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu 2025, 62(1): 29-36.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.004 Abstract ( 1286 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1233KB) ( 21 )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application methods on the photosynthesis characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of dry-seeded wet-irrigated winter wheat, and to provide theoretical basis for phosphorus fertilizer application methods in dry-seeded wet-irrigated mode under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Under field test conditions, Xindong 22 was used as experimental material, and a two-factor split plot experiment design was adopted. Two kinds of seedling emergence water methods were set up in the main plot: sowing (F) and dry sowing (D). Under the condition of the same total phosphorus application amount, three phosphorus application methods were set up in the secondary district, 100% base application (P1), 70% base application +30% drop application (P2), 50% base application +50% drop application (P3), and the effects of different phosphorus application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of wet wheat were analyzed. 【Results】 Phosphorus fertilizer postpone significantly increased leaf SPAD value and LAI of wheat by 0.88%-7.63% and 7.25%-49.38%, respectively. In the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat, all indexes showed a downward trend with the growth period, among which DP3 treatment showed the best performance, Pn, Tr and Gs were 25.59μmol/ (m2·s), 18.21 mmol/ (m2·s) and 0.73 mmol/ (m2·s) at flowering stage, respectively. The lowest Ci was 324.88μmol/mol, and the difference between treatments was significant. The number of panes, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were increased by 1.36%-18.43%、0.59%-4.06% and 0.77%-7.21%, respectively, compared with FP1 treatment. The grain yield was DP3>DP2>FP3>FP2>DP1>FP1. Compared with FP1, the yield increase of each treatment was more than 4.5%. 【Conclusion】 DP3 treatment (50% base application +50% topdressing) can promote photosynthesis of winter wheat under the experimental conditions, and the yield and yield components have the best performance.

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Effects of different growth regulator and its application times on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation ZHANG Jingcan, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu 2025, 62(1): 37-44.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.005 Abstract ( 2867 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1136KB) ( 19 )   【Objective】 To select the most suitable growth regulators and the application times of regulators in the hope of providing theoretical basis for lodging resistance and control measures of Xinjiang drip irrigation wheat. 【Methods】 Xinjong 18 were taken as the material, and different regulators as the main zones under the field drip irrigation conditions from 2021 to 2022: clear water control (CK), calcium modulate · Enodozole (A), nanocin (B), enodozole·methylpiperonium (C), antyloxyl ester (D), polylodozole (E), and in addition, the frequency of regulator application was used as the secondary zones: A total of 12 treatments were applied at rise stage (P1) and rise stage + jointing stage (P2) to analyze the effects of different treatments on plant height, center of gravity height, internode length, stem diameter, stem bending resistance and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height could be controlled effectively, the center of gravity height and internode length could be reduced, and the bending resistance of the basal stems could be improved. The bending resistance of the basal stems was increased by 8.97% and 14.89% in the treatment of one-time and twice spraying of regulator. BP2 treatment could effectively increase the effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight, and the panicle number increased significantly under CP2 treatment. Under the premise of spraying one regulator, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP1, BP1 and CP1 treatments, and under the premise of spraying two regulators, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP2, BP2, CP2 and DP2 treatments. 【Conclusion】 The plant height of AP2 and BP2 are relatively suitable, the stem lodging resistance is better, and the grain yield is increased greatly.

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Effects of different drip irrigation rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of drip irrigated winter wheat under limited irrigation HAI Feng, ZHANG Yongqiang, XIE Xiurong, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, WANG Jichuan, LEI Junjie 2025, 62(1): 45-52.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.006 Abstract ( 101 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1174KB) ( 16 )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the effects of different drip irrigation rates on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of drip irrigation winter wheat in northern Xinjiang, and to provide a theoretical basis for drip irrigation winter wheat irrigation in northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Xindong 41 was used as experimental material, and three spring irrigation treatments of 3,000 m3 /hm2(W1), 3,600 m3 /hm2(W2) and 4,200 m3 /hm2(W3) were set in a randomized block design under field drip irrigation. The effects of different drip irrigation on SPAD value, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic characteristics, yield and yield components of winter wheat under limited irrigation were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that the SPAD value of wheat leaves under different treatments showed a trend of "first decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing" with the growth process, and the maximum SPAD value of leaves at flowering stage under W3 treatment was 54.65. The LAI of winter wheat under different drip irrigation treatments showed a trend of "first increasing and then decreasing" with the growth process, and the highest LAI was reached at the flowering stage, among which the highest LAI was 6.54 under W2 treatment. Leaf transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductivity (Gs) of winter wheat under drip irrigation increased with the increase of irrigation amount, while net photosynthetic rate (Pn) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and W3>W2>W1 was the highest in all W3 treatments, and leaf water use efficiency (WUELeaf) showed a downward trend. Panicle number, kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight of different treatments were W2 > W3 > W1; The maximum yield of W2 treatment was 8,559.83 kg/hm2, which was 0.3% and 19.8% higher than those of W3 and W1 treatment, respectively. 【Conclusion】 W2 treatment has better performance in winter wheat yield and other aspects.

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Effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation LI Jie, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, XU Wenxiu, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie 2025, 62(1): 53-59.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.007 Abstract ( 1406 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 11 )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter production, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022, under the conditions of drip irrigation in the field, five treatments were set up: no urea (F0), ordinary urea (F1), humate urea (F2), controlled release urea single base application (F3) and controlled release urea fractional application (F4). The changes of yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under different drip irrigation treatments were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that in the test period, the SPAD value of winter wheat leaves under F4 treatment was the highest, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were also higher than those under other treatments, while the intercellular CO2 concentration was the lowest. Dry matter accumulation per plant of each treatment was F4>F2>F3>F1>F0 at flowering stage and filling stage. The highest yield of drip irrigation under different treatments was 9,210.95 kg/hm2 under F4 treatment, which was 21.64%, 12.52%, 6.87% and 7.77% higher than that under F0, F1, F2 and F3 treatments, respectively. The maximum nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (11.29 kg /kg) and nitrogen partial productivity (40.71 kg /kg) of winter wheat were obtained under F4 treatment. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that under the experimental conditions, controlled release urea fractional application F4 treatment of winter wheat leaves has better photosynthetic indexes and higher grain yield.

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Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers with humic acid strategies on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat MA Lin, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, ZOU Hui, SUN Na, LEI Junjie 2025, 62(1): 60-67.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.008 Abstract ( 1449 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1195KB) ( 18 )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and soil conditioner dosing strategies on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and yield components of wheat in the hope of providing reference for the reasonable dosing of nitrogen fertilizer and humic acid for wheat in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Under drip irrigation in large fields, five treatments of winter wheat variety Yinong 22 were set up without nitrogen fertilizer (CK), basal application of 18-Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) + Trailing urea (T1), basal application of 16-DAP + Trailing urea (T2), basal application of 18-DAP + Trailing humic acid urea (T3), and basal application of 16-DAP + Trailing humic acid urea (T4) to explore the effects of different fertilizer application strategies on the biomass, leaf area index, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, yield and yield components of winter wheat. 【Results】 Each N application treatment significantly increased winter wheat below-ground biomass, above-ground biomass, photosynthetic capacity, yield and yield components relative to the CK treatment, with significant differences between the basal application of humic acid urea relative to the basal application of urea treatment under the same basal application condition, whereas there were differences, but not significant, between the basal application of different diammonium phosphate treatments under the same basal application condition. The leaf area index, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of nitrogen application treatment increased by 4.88% - 32.43%, 18.31% - 36.36% and 13.31% - 42.17%, respectively, compared with the control treatment, which showed T4>T3>T1>T2>CK; the number of spikes, number of grains in a spike and thousand-grain weight of the nitrogen treatment increased by 23.99%-32.04%, respectively, compared with the control treatment, 10.16%-15.29% and 3.95%-5.64%, respectively, which showed T4>T3>T2>T1>CK; T3 treatment increased the below-ground biomass, above-ground biomass, and yield by 13.32%, 3.61%, and 1.77%, respectively, compared with T1 treatment, and T4 treatment increased the yield by 9.84%, 7.14%, and 5.81%, respectively, compared with T2. The T4 treatment effect was optimal among all the treatments. 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen application is favorable to the growth and development of winter wheat, which can significantly increase the biomass, photosynthetic capacity and yield of winter wheat. The effect of the follow-up application of humic acid urea at the nodulation stage was better than that of the basal application of different types of diammonium phosphate, among which the T4 treatment (basal application of 16-diammonium phosphate + follow-up application of humic acid urea) has the best effect in enhancing the biomass, photosynthetic capacity and yield of winter wheat.

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Effect of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat CHEN Chuanxin, ZHANG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie 2025, 62(1): 68-74.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.009 Abstract ( 1583 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (946KB) ( 33 )   【Objective】 This research aims to understand the effects of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat. 【Methods】 Field experiments were conducted on the treatment of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer.A comparative study was conducted on the chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area index, photosynthetic fluorescence index, and yield of wheat under different treatments. 【Results】 The photosynthetic characteristics of wheat leaves varied among different treatments.There was no significant difference in chlorophyll SPAD value, initial fluorescence intensity, and maximum photochemical efficiency among the treatments.The chlorophyll SPAD value of PN2 was the highest in the combination treatment of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agent, and the chlorophyll SPAD value during the flowering and filling stages increased by 0.68 and 0.70, respectively, compared to the full nitrogen fertilizer treatment without microbial agent.The leaf area index of PN2 treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was the highest, significantly higher than that of PN0 treated without nitrogen fertilizer.The leaf area index during the flowering and filling stages increased by 38.59% and 37.70%, respectively, compared to PN0.The net photosynthetic rate of PN2 treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was higher than that of PN1, PN3, and PN4 treatments, and significantly higher than that of PN0 treatment.The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents resulted in the highest PN2, significantly higher than other treatments, with an increase of 41.63%, 9.53%, 20.65%, and 22.70% compared to PN0, PN1, PN3, and PN4 treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents showed the best comprehensive performance in wheat photosynthetic characteristics and yield.

Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer

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Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on canopy structure and photosynthetic rate of slope drip irrigated spring wheat WANG Zijian, LI Liulong, ZHAO Yanhui, XU Linfeng, QIU Zhizhong, LI Zhaofeng, LEI Junjie, WANG Xiao, WAN Wenliang, JIANG Dong 2025, 62(1): 75-86.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.010 Abstract ( 67 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1764KB) ( 16 )   【Objective】 Study the coupling effect of water and nitrogen and its effects on the canopy structure and photosynthetic rate of spring wheat on the basis of the slope drip irrigation wheat planting model, so as to provide a water and nitrogen management strategy and theoretical basis for the cost-saving and efficient production of slope planting mode. 【Methods】 Xinchun 44 was used as the test material, and two modes were set up: TR6H and TR8H (a drip irrigation belt was located at the top of the slope, which was supplied 6 rows and 8 rows of wheat moisture, respectively, and the slope was 15 degrees). W3, W2, W1 (4,500, 4,050, 3,600 m3/hm2) irrigation rates and N3, N2, N1, N0 (300, 270, 240, 0 kg/(N·hm2)) nitrogen application levels were set, and W3N3 was the control (conventional water and nitrogen treatment). 【Results】 The plant height, stem tiller number, leaf area index, canopy light interception emissivity and photosynthetic rate of TR6H were higher than those of TR8H at the flowering stage. The general trend of plant height and canopy light radiation interception was (W3 and W2) >W1, (N3 and N2) > the trend of N1 > N0, while the leaf angle showed the opposite trend, namely the leaf angle of the low-water and low-nitrogen treatment was larger. The overall trend of leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate was W3> W2> W1, N2> N3> N1> N0. Compared with the conventional water and nitrogen treatment (W3N3), the two modes of TR6H and TR8H significantly increased the canopy light interception emissivity and photosynthetic rate, with an increase of 3.6%-4.9% and 3.9%-10.2%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The reasonable coupling of water and nitrogen under the slope mode can optimize the canopy structure and obtain a higher photosynthetically active radiation interception rate by maintaining a high stem tiller number and leaf area index, while keeping a certain amount of light leakage loss with a high plant height and compact plant type. TR6H is recommended for comprehensive consideration mode, and W3N2 is recommended for water and nitrogen treatment.

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Effects of different nitrogen application rates on the characteristics and root zone soil nutrients of drip irrigation wheat LI Na, LYU Caixia, Xin Huinan, LI Yongfu, LAI Ning, GENG Qinglong, CHEN Shuhuang 2025, 62(1): 87-94.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.011 Abstract ( 65 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1039KB) ( 11 )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the growth characteristics and soil nutrient content of drip irrigated wheat, explore suitable nitrogen application rates for wheat nutrient accumulation and growth and development in the hope of providing theoretical basis for scientific and rational application of chemical fertilizers and protection of farmland ecological environment. 【Methods】 Spring wheat under drip irrigation was used as the research object. Through field experiments, five nitrogen application levels were set up, including control (0kg/hm2, N0), 105 kg/hm2 (N1), 210 kg/hm2, (N2), 315 kg/hm2 (N3), and 420 kg/hm2 (N4), to analyze the differences in the effects of each treatment on the growth of spring wheat (SPAD value, yield and yield components, as well as the accumulation of soil nutrients (organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) at different levels. 【Results】 The SPAD values of spring wheat during the jointing stage, booting stage, flowering stage, and filling stage increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The results showed that a nitrogen application rate of 315 kg/hm2 was more conducive to the accumulation of SPAD values. The organic matter content in the 0-10 cm soil showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate; The organic matter content in 10-40 cm soil demonstrated a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate; The organic matter content in the 40-60 cm soil displayed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate; The total nitrogen and available nitrogen content in each layer of soil from 0-60 cm showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate; The content of available phosphorus and available potassium in each layer of 0-60 cm soil showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The yield was significantly correlated with plant height, spike length, total number of spikelets, number of fertile spikelets, number of grains per main spike, and grain weight per plant (P<0.05, with coefficients of 0.732*, 0.665*, 0.765**, 0.737*, 0.773**, and 0.592*, respectively). The yield ranking of different treatments was: N3>N4>N2>N1>N0, and the nitrogen application rate of 315 kg/hm2 was most conducive to improving spring wheat yield. 【Conclusion】 The research finding indicates that a nitrogen application rate of 315 kg/hm2 is more suitable for the growth of spring wheat in southern Xinjiang.

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Identification of drought tolerance and selection of excellent varieties of rice seeds at germination stage DU Xiaojing, HOU Tianyu, LI Dong, LYU Yuping, YUAN Jie, ZHANG Yanhong, ZHAO Zhiqiang, Buhaliqiemu Abulizi, WANG Fengbin 2025, 62(1): 95-102.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.012 Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (967KB) ( 14 )   【Objective】 To explore the identification index of early drought tolerance of rice and to screen the germplasm resources of rice drought tolerance. 【Methods】 The drought resistance of 31 rice varieties during germination was identified by 0%, 15% and 20% PEG-6000 solution. 【Results】 The root length, bud length, root number and germination rate of different rice varieties decreased with the increase of PEG concentration, and 20% PEG was determined as the identification concentration of drought tolerance of rice during germination. The 31 varieties were divided into three categories by systematic cluster analysis: the first category was best drought-resistant variety at germination stage, with 4 cultivars; the second group consisted of 14 medium drought-resistant varieties during germination, the third group consisted of 13 varieties with poor drought resistance during germination. Only one comprehensive factor was extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 74.689%. The relative shoot length, relative root length, relative root number and relative germination rate were significantly positively correlated with the average total membership function value. These four traits were identified as drought resistance identification indicators at germination stage. 【Conclusion】 Four rice materials 23H25, 23H5, 23H20 and 23H16 with strong drought tolerance during germination have been selected by means of average total membership function and cluster analysis.

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Effects of exogenous selenium on its uptake and translocation in rice LING Li, ZHAI Hui, ZHANG Yunshu, SHAO Huawei, TANG Guangmu, GE Chunhui, XU Wanli, YANG Jianjun 2025, 62(1): 103-109.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.013 Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (916KB) ( 19 )   【Objective】 To explore the characteristics of selenium uptake and transport in rice under the conditions of the local climate and main varieties in southern Xinjiang, and to clarify the effect of interaction between selenium fertilizer type and concentration on selenium content in rice grains in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the planting and production of selenium-enriched rice in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The main rice variety Xindao 11 in Aksu, southern Xinjiang was used as the material, and the selenium(Se) fertilizer of nano-Se, sodium selenite and organic Se were applied to set up four spraying concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L, then the effects of foliar spraying of Se fertilizer on Se uptake and transport in rice plants were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that different Se fertilizer treatments significantly increased the Se content in rice.The Se content in grains, polished rice, leaves, and stems increased with the increase of Se fertilizer concentration.The Se-enriched effect of three types of Se fertilizers on rice was: organic Se > sodium selenite > nano-Se.When spraying nano-Se fertilizer, most of the Se accumulated in rice husk and rice bran, and the Se content in polished rice increased not too much; while spraying organic Se or sodium selenite significantly increased the Se content in grain or milled rice. 【Conclusion】 In summary, 20 mg/L organic Se or sodium selenite has the best effect on Se biofortification of rice, and the Se content of polished rice is increased to 0.88 and 0.72 mg/kg.

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Evaluation and screening of low temperature tolerance index of maize hybrids ZHANG Lei, XIE Xiaoqing, TANG Huaijun, SUN Shiren, WANG Zhiyuan, HU Jitao, MAO Shuqi, XUE Lihua, SUN Baocheng, LIU Cheng 2025, 62(1): 110-117.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.014 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1243KB) ( 23 )   【Objective】 This study aims to select the field maize hybrids for the identification of low temperature resistance,and the hybrids with strong low temperature resistance in the hope of providing variety reference for accurate early sowing and for evaluation and identification of low temperature resistance. 【Methods】 36 maize hybrids were selected as test materials.Under the real field environment, one normal temperature test and two low temperature tests were set up to investigate and measure the emergence potential, emergence rate, emergence index and average emergence time under low temperature and normal temperature conditions, and calculate the relative values.A total of 8 identification indexes of low temperature tolerance were obtained.Using the statistical methods of principal component analysis, cluster analysis and stepwise regression analysis, the evaluation indexes of low temperature seedling emergence tolerance were screened, and the comprehensive score was introduced to evaluate the low temperature seedling emergence tolerance of maize hybrids. 【Results】 With the decrease of temperature, the emergence rate, emergence potential and emergence index decreased, and the emergence time increased.Principal component analysis obtained that the cumulative contribution rate of the two comprehensive in dicators was 77.965%.Stepwise regression analysis established an equation and selected five key indicators, which could determine most of the variation of the comprehensive score D value.Finally, based on D-value cluster analysis, 36 hybrid varieties were divided into four categories, and 6 varieties with strong resistance to low temperature emergence were selected. 【Conclusion】 6 hybrids with strong low temperature tolerance were selected, which were Hangyan 58, Heyu 187, Xinyin KWS9384, Xinyin KWS3376, Huamei 1 and Fengtian 14.Five key indexes, including NEP, LEP, LER, NEI and LEI, were selected for efficient prediction and evaluation of low temperature emergence tolerance of maize hybrids.

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Comprehensive evaluation of new variety(strain) in Taer Basin based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis WANG Heya, LUO Jingjing, MENG Ling, LI Huaisheng, AI Haifeng, JIA Donghai 2025, 62(1): 118-128.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.015 Abstract ( 49 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1084KB) ( 12 )   【Objective】 This project aims to provide scientific theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of rapeseed in Taer Basin and promotes the breeding of high quality spring rapeseed varieties in the area. 【Methods】 The comprehensive evaluation of rapeseed varieties was studied by prioritization, principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 11 main traits by taking 15 rapeseed varieties as the test material. 【Results】 There were significant differences in the trait indexes of different rapeseed cultivars, the coefficient of variation was between 7.43%-29.21%, the greater the coefficient of variation, the greater the difference, and it had a certain degree of breadth and representativeness. The correlation coefficients of rapeseed variety 11 traits on yield were 0.44*, 0.36*, 0.34*, 0.24, 0.18 and 0.16, respectively, indicating that more attention should be paid to increasing the yield of the whole single plant, the number of horn fruits of the whole plant and the number of primary branches, and reducing the height of branches. Principal component analysis showed that the principal component characteristic values of the top 4 exceeded 1, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 78.472%. The varieties were ranked and classified by comprehensive scoring values combined with cluster analysis: the weighted sum of variance contribution rates corresponding to the four principal components was synthesized: F=0.448,3F1+0.267,1F2+1,568F3+1,279F4. The variety with the No. 1 comprehensive score was YC6 (Xinyou No. 17), with a score of 306.63 points, indicating that its 11 personality traits index had the best comprehensive performance, indicating that among the 15 varieties tested, YC6 (Xinyou No. 17) had the strongest ability to adapt to the Taer Basin; when the European distance was 5, the 15 varieties could be clustered into 4 major groups; the first group included 4 varieties such as YC2 and YC3, with the lowest average yield of 3,433.15 kg/hm2, belonging to the low-yield group; The second group included five varieties, including YC5 and YC6, with the highest average yield, 3,669.22 kg/hm2, belonging to the medium and high-yield group; The third group included five varieties, such as YC12 and YC13, with low yields, with an average of 3,522.60 kg/hm2, belonging to the low- and medium-yield group. YC15was the fourth category, with a higher yield, 3,891.90 kg/hm2, (which was a high-yielding variety). 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive principal component analysis and cluster analysis, more attention should be paid to increasing the yield of the whole single plant, the number of horn fruits and the number of primary branches, reducing the branch height, and comprehensively considering the good number of primary branches, stem thickness and main order angle fruits. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation value of principal components and cluster analysis, the trait indicators of group 2 and group 4 are above the middle level, among which YC6 (Xinyou No. 17), YC8 (CFZqt221060) and YC15(CFZqt221067) perform the best, which are high-yield rapeseed varieties suitable for cultivation in the Taer Basin.

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The physiological effects of inoculation with AM fungi under salt stress on wild smooth GONG Zhaoxing, HAN Pengcheng, LI Zesen, LI Guizhen, WANG Yuxiang, ZHANG Bo 2025, 62(1): 129-136.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.016 Abstract ( 56 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1333KB) ( 12 )   【Objective】 In this study, two different AM fungi were inoculated in wild Bromus inermiss to explore the effects of inoculation with AM fungi under salt stress on the physiology of wild Bromus inermiss. 【Methods】 Under salt stress conditions of 0%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% NaCl concentration, respectively, whether plants inoculated with AM strains could improve the salt tolerance of wild Bromus inermiss compared with plants not inoculated with AM fungi. 【Results】 Inoculated with AM fungus could increase plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of underground part and dry weight of above ground part of wild Bromus inermiss. Inoculation with AM fungi could significantly improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT), and the contents of soluble sugar and proline in wild Bromus inermiss. With the increase of salt concentration, MDA content of inoculated AM fungi was significantly lower than that of uninoculated AM fungi. 【Conclusion】 Inoculation of both AM fungi could promote the growth of wild Bromus inermiss and improve the salt tolerance of wild Bromus inermiss.

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Functional analysis of a C2H2 zinc protein GhZFP8 gene in Gossypium hirsutum resistance to Verticillium wilt CHENG Guanfu, LU Guoqiang, CUI Yongxiang, HOU Aocheng, ZHANG Guoshuai, LIANG Chunyan, LEI Jianfeng, LU Wei, DAI Peihong, LI yue 2025, 62(1): 137-145.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.017 Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1218KB) ( 9 )   【Objective】 To explore the function of the terrestrial cotton C2H2-type zinc finger protein gene GhZFP8 in the response to Verticillium wilt in cotton in the hope of laying a theoretical foundation for mining cotton disease resistance genes. 【Methods】 The cotton gene GhZFP8 was obtained by homologous cloning and its biological function explored. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the physicochemical properties of the gene, while the VIGS vector for the gene was constructed and transformed into cotton by Agrobacterium-mediated method to preliminarily test the disease resistance function of GhZFP8. 【Results】 The open reading frame (ORF) of GhZFP8 was 789 bp, encoded as a hydrophilic protein containing 262 amino acids, a relative molecular weight was 28.12 kD, a basic amino acid with an isoelectric point of 8.16, a lipid index of 59.31, and an average hydrophobicity of-0.718. The absence of a signal peptide in the GhZFP8 protein predicted that GhZFP8 was a non-transmembrane protein. GhZFP8 protein revealed that it had 2 ZnF-C2H2 structural domains. Its secondary structure prediction revealed that the GhZFP8 protein contained 6 α-helices and 4 β-folds. GhZFP8 gene silenced plants showed relatively reduced resistance to Verticillium wilt. 【Conclusion】 The GhZFP8 gene plays a positive regulatory role in cotton resistance to verticillium wilt.

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Effects of different saline and alkaline stress on the proteome of cotton root system SUN Caiqin, WU Jia, HUANG Hai, GUO Jiaxin, MIN Wei, GUO Huijuan 2025, 62(1): 146-160.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.018 Abstract ( 57 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1875KB) ( 12 )   【Objective】 Exploring the mechanism of cotton tolerance to salt and alkali stress plays an important role in improving cotton yield in Alkali soil in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 This study used cotton as the experimental material, and set up three treatments: control (CK), salt stress (NaCl, CS), and alkali stress (NaHCO3+Na2CO3, AS). Then, TMT technology was used to analyze the changes in protein expression in cotton roots under salt and alkali stress, and bioinformatics analysis was performed on the screened differential proteins. 【Results】 The results showed that under salt stress, the activities of Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvate kinase and citrate synthase in roots were significantly reduced by 12.0%, 9.9%, 9.7%, and 32.8%, respectively. Under alkali stress, the activities of Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvate kinase, Malate dehydrogenase, Glutamate dehydrogenase and cereal Transaminase in roots were significantly increased by 10.9%, 5.9%, 10.4%, 45.1%, 26.3%, and 23.4%, respectively. A total of 1725 differentially expressed proteins were screened under salt stress, including 508 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 1217 downregulated differentially expressed proteins. Among them, there were 10 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 43 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in energy metabolism, 14 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 76 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in amino acid metabolism, 45 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 84 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in genetic information processing, and 13 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 29 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in signal transduction; Under alkaline stress, there were a total of 75 differentially expressed proteins, including 30 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 45 downregulated differentially expressed proteins. Among them, there were only 2 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in energy metabolism, 1 upregulated differentially expressed protein in amino acid metabolism, and 3 downregulated differentially expressed proteins. No differentially expressed proteins were identified in genetic information processing and signal transduction. 【Conclusion】 The results indicate that salt stress significantly inhibits energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, genetic information processing and signal transduction in cotton roots, while alkali stress has no significant effect on genetic information processing and signal transduction.

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Comprehensive evaluation of irrigation treatment based on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated Gossypium barbadense DU Yalong, FU Qiuping, AI Pengrui, MA Yingjie, QI Tong, PAN Yang 2025, 62(1): 161-173.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.019 Abstract ( 57 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1935KB) ( 11 )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different upper and lower limits of soil moisture on the growth and yield of machine-harvested Gossypium barbadense in Southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical basis for field water management of the crop. 【Methods】 A two-year field experiment was carried out with Gossypium barbadense as the research object. In 2021, three irrigation lower limits were set as 50%, 60% and 70% field water holding capacity (FC), three irrigation upper limits were set as 80 %, 90% and 100% FC and eight treatments of different combinations (Wa-1-Wa-8). In 2022, the irrigation upper limit was set at 90% FC, three irrigation lower limits were set at 55 %, 65 % and 75 % FC in bud stage, and three irrigation lower limits were set at 60%, 70% and 80% FC in flower and boll stage. Nine treatments (Wb-1-Wb-9) were completely combined. Based on the difference of growth indexes, yield composition and water use efficiency under different irrigation schemes, the better experimental treatment was selected by AHP-EWM-RSR comprehensive evaluation method. 【Results】 The results showed that the increase of irrigation lower limit at bud stage significantly increased plant height and stem diameter. The irrigation lower limit of 70 % FC at flowering and boll stage was beneficial to increase yield and water use efficiency, and there was no significant difference in harvest density. The seed cotton yield of Wb-5 treatment (65 % FC-90 % FC at bud stage and 70% FC-90% FC at flowering and boll stage) was 6.33 t / hm2, which was 10.86 % higher than that of CK-2, and its water use efficiency was 73.17% higher than that of CK-2. 【Conclusion】 Bud stage are 65% -90% FC, and the upper and lower limits of irrigation at flower and boll stage are 70 % -90 % FC, which can promote growth and increase yield and water use efficiency.

Plant Protection·Horticultural Special Local Products

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Pathogen colony’s morphological characteristics and pathogenicity identification of defioating cotton Verticillium wilt in some areas in northern Xinjiang LAI Chengxia, YANG Yanlong, WANG Penglong, ZHU Mengyu, YANG Dong, LI Chunping, GE Fengwei, Mayila Yusuyin, YANG Ni, MA Jun 2025, 62(1): 174-181.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.020 Abstract ( 57 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1344KB) ( 10 )   【Objective】 To identify morphological characteristics and pathogenicity of cotton Verticillium wilt collected from Changji and Shawan in the hope of comprehending the pathogenicity and differentiation of the cotton disease in northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The molecular detections of the pathogenicity for cotton wilt disease were performed using specific primers DB19f/DB22r for defioating pathotype and INTND2f/INTND2r for nondefioating pathotype. Whole genome resequencing was performed using SNP loci as markers for genetic diversity analysis. The colony morphology and the pathogenicity were identified adopting the virulence strain V991 as the control, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology was employed to compare and observe the disease changes and the trend of fluorescence parameters of Vd-3 and V991. 【Results】 Molecular identification showed that all 14 strains examined were defioating pathotype. In comparison with V991 strain, Vd-3 exhibited the highest disease index and high pathogenicity with different infection modes and rapid infection rates; The infection of Vd-3 was seen that the disease symptom extended from the leaf margin to the center, while the that of V991 spread from the sporadic distribution of the mesophyll to the leaf margin and then to the central part by observing the dynamic changes of imaging and fluorescence parameters employing the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system. The daily variation trend of fluorescence imaging and parameters infected by Vd-3 plants was more obvious; The quantum yield Y (NO) of non-regulatory energy dissipation and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) reached the inflection point on the 6th day. The maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and the actual optical quantum yield Y (Ⅱ) changed slowly, and the Fv/Fm showed obvious difference at 13 d. 【Conclusion】 The strains from Changji and Shawan city are defioating pathotype, and the colony is circular with 2 hyphal branches and long oval spores. In addition to the greatest genetic distance and variability, the most virulent strain of Verticillium wilt disease is Vd-3. Compared with that of V991,Vd-3 possesses the varied the infection mode for cotton, and fluorescence parameters Y (NO) and NPQ can exquisitely perceive the changes.

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QTL mapping and genetic analysis of soluble solids content in the center flesh of muskmelon FAN Rong, ZHANG Yongbing, LI Meihua, ZHANG Xuejun, YI Hongping, LIU Zhao, YANG Yong 2025, 62(1): 182-192.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.021 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1498KB) ( 6 )   【Objective】 This study aims to analyze the content of soluble solids in the center flesh of muskmelon by Genetic analysis and QTL mapping in the hope of finding out candidate genes associated with soluble solids in the heart of C. achyum fruits. 【Methods】 Six generations population (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2) were created using the high-sugar material P1 and the low-sugar material P2 as parents. A mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to analyze soluble solids content in the center flesh of six generations population. Based on the F2 population, individual plants with higher and lower fruit soluble solids content were selected to construct two pools to locate the soluble solids content of muskmelons by using the BSA method. 【Results】 Muskmelon soluble solids conformed to the E-1 (MX2-ADI-AD) genetic model, with epistatic effects dominating the 2 main gene pairs, followed by dominant and additive effects. Two QTLs were located in chromosome 5 (827066 bp-109953bp) and chromosome 8 (11316600 bp-11729324 bp), with interval sizes of 0.27Mb and 0.41 Mb, respectively, and contained a total of 50 candidate genes. Six candidate genes related to soluble solids content of melon were screened and obtained (MELO3C014619, MELO3C014617, MELO3C014596, MELO3C014594, MELO3C019077 and MELO3C019089). 【Conclusion】 Muskmelon soluble solids conforms to the E-1 (MX2-ADI-AD) genetic model, two QTLs related to soluble solid content of muskmelon are mapped on chromosomes 5 and 8 by BSA method, and six candidate genes related to soluble solid content of muskmelon screened out.

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Study of the allelopathic effects of apple and pear root extracts on the seed germination and seedling growth of Ostericum aquaticum FENG Mei, CAO Yajun, XIAO Lijuan, WANG Huaqiang, ZHANG Feng, CHEN Gang, HUANG Peng, WANG Yongming, Diliyaer Kaisaier 2025, 62(1): 193-201.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.022 Abstract ( 59 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 7 )   【Objective】 To clarify the allelopathic effects of apple and pear root extracts on the seed germination and seedling growth of Ostericum aquaticum, and to provide a theoretical basis for the agroforestry intercropping system. 【Methods】 The effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts from apple and pear roots on the seed germination, seedling growth, and fresh weight of the receptor plant were studied using the petri dish paper method. The nutrition pot seedling method was used to study the effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts from apple and pear roots on the physiological indicators of the receptor plant. 【Results】 (1) The apple root extract exhibited a significant allelopathic effect on the growth and physiological metabolism of Ostericum aquaticum seeds. With the increase of extract concentration, the germination rate, fresh weight, and seedling growth of Ostericum aquaticum initially increased and then decreased. There were also significant differences in biochemical indicators such as soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase in the seedlings under different concentrations of apple root extract. (2) The pear root extract had a significant allelopathic effect on the growth and physiological metabolism of Ostericum aquaticum. Similar to the apple root extract, with the increasing concentration of pear root extract, the germination rate, fresh weight, and seedling growth of Ostericum aquaticum showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. There were also significant differences in the physiological indicators of the seedlings under different concentrations of pear root extract. (3) By taking the average of the allelopathic effect index RI for each indicator for a comprehensive evaluation, it was concluded that both apple and pear root extracts inhibited the growth of Ostericum aquaticum, with the absolute value RI (pear) > RI (apple). 【Conclusion】 Because apple has little inhibition on the growth of Ostericum aquaticum, interplanting with apple can be considered when interplanting.

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Occurrence dynamics and spatial distribution pattern of Frankliniella intonsa in cotton fields in Xinjiang WANG Wei, ZHANG Renfu, LIU Haiyang, LI Xiaowei, YAO Ju 2025, 62(1): 202-209.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.023 Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1246KB) ( 6 )   【Objective】 To clarify the population dynamics and spatial distribution pattern of Frankliniella intonsa in cotton fields. 【Methods】 The five-point sampling method was used for field sampling and generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the population dynamics of F. intonsa on leaves, flowers, and bolls of cotton; And five aggregation indexes and Taylor Power Law were applied to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of F. intonsa in cotton fields. 【Results】 F. intonsa populations in cotton fields gradually increased from mid-June to mid-July, peaked from late July to mid-August, and then gradually declined until they disappeared from late August to early September. Population levels of F. intonsa differed significantly among different organs and fluctuated with sampling date. The temporal variation of F. intonsa populations were significantly different among different organs. Flowers had the highest population level of F. intonsa during the initial growth period, peak outbreak period, decline period, and full period. The spatial distribution of F. intonsa in cotton fields was aggregated distribution and the aggregation was density-dependent. 【Conclusion】 Late July to mid-August is the outbreak of F. intonsa populations in cotton fields, and its distribution type in cotton fields is aggregated distribution, and the populations are mainly aggregated in flowers.

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Diversity and spatial distribution of ladybird in Western Tianshan wild fruit forest in Ili River Valley YAO Xiaoyu, HU Hongying, KANG Ning, XIONG Shihao 2025, 62(1): 210-216.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.024 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (923KB) ( 6 )   【Objective】 This study conducted a survey on ladybug community diversity in different habitats of the western Tianshan Mountains wild fruit forests in the Ili River Valley,Xinjiang.The aim was to provide fundamental data for biodiversity conservation in the western Tianshan Mountains wild fruit forests. 【Methods】 From May to August 2022-2023, a systematic survey was conducted in six counties and cities in the Ili River Valley (Huocheng County, Yining City, Yining County, Gongliu County, Xinyuan County, and Nilka County) across five habitats (mountain grassland, desert grassland, wetland, orchard, and woodland), totaling 90 sampling points. 【Results】 A combined method of sweep netting and hand collection was employed, yielding a total of 2,014 ladybugs belonging to 13 genera and 23 species.Results indicated significant variations in ladybug population and species composition among different regions, Hippodamia variegata is the dominant species,with Gongliu County and Huocheng County having the highest ladybug populations, while Nilka County had the lowest.Ladybug Margalef richness index ranked from high to low as wetland > mountain grassland > desert grassland > orchard > woodland, with wetland having the highest index (2.891) and woodland the lowest (1.473).Diversity index H' ranked from high to low as mountain grassland > wetland > desert grassland > orchard > woodland.Evenness index E ranked from high to low as desert grassland > woodland > orchard > mountain grassland > wetland.Additionally, there were differences in insect community similarity among different habitats.The similarity coefficient between desert grassland and orchard was the highest at 0.76, indicating moderate similarity.However, woodland's similarity with mountain grassland and wetland was below 0.5, indicating dissimilarity or extreme dissimilarity. 【Conclusion】 Insect species richness was higher in habitats like wetland and mountain grassland, serving as significant reservoirs for insect species.The corresponding insect community diversity index H was also higher, highlighting the habitat's crucial impact on ladybug diversity.

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Effects of different planting row spacings on yield and water use efficiency of spinach HU Mengting, LIU Shengyao, JIA Songnan, FAN Fengcui, DU Fenghuan, LI Jingsong, QIN Yong 2025, 62(1): 217-224.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.025 Abstract ( 54 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (912KB) ( 12 )   【Objective】 This project aims to explore the effects of different planting row spacing on the production and water-saving efficiency of spinach and optimize the efficient and water-saving planting mode of facility spinach. 【Methods】 Mexico 2 spinach was taken as the test material, a field experiment was conducted in a vinyl house, and three kinds of row spacing was set for drill planting to study the effects of row spacing of 10 cm (T1), 15 cm (T2) and 20 cm (T3) on yield, dry matter quality, water consumption and water use efficiency of spinach with uniform sowing (CK) as the control. 【Results】 The results showed that equal row spacing seeding significantly promoted the growth and yield of spinach in facilities.Compared with CK, the yield under T1, T2 and T3 treatments increased by 4.39%, 6.34% and 10.04%, respectively.Among them, the yield and water use efficiency of spinach under T3 treatment were significantly higher than those under T1 and T2 treatment.T3 treatment not only promoted the dry matter accumulation of spinach, but also showed the lowest daily water consumption intensity during the harvest period, thus improving the water use efficiency.Compared with CK, the dry matter quality of spinach plants under T3 treatment increased by 10.05%, and the population yield increased by 10.04%.Water consumption during the whole growth period decreased by 18.84%; Water use efficiency increased by 26.52%. 【Conclusion】 In summary, in the process of spinach production, the 20 cm row spacing drill planting mode is the most beneficial to improve the yield and water use efficiency of facility spinach, so it is strongly recommended to be popularized and applied.

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Adsorption and immobilization of Cd2+ by cotton straw biochar WEN Fang, LIAO Na, WANG Na, JIN Jing, YAO Yiqiang 2025, 62(1): 225-233.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.026 Abstract ( 56 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (2153KB) ( 8 )   【Objective】 The objective of the study is to investigate the potential of cotton straw biochar for the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals Cd2+. 【Methods】 Cotton straw biochar (BC500, BC600 and BC700) was prepared from cotton straw, a typical agricultural waste in Xinjiang, at pyrolysis temperatures of 500℃(BC500), 600℃(BC600) and 700℃(BC700), respectively. Meanwhile, experiments of adsorption and passivation were carried out. 【Results】 The results showed that at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L Cd2+, the adsorption of Cd2+ by BC500, BC600 and BC700 reached 10.47 mg/g, 9.72mg/g and 11.96mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetic was the most suitable model for describing the adsorption of Cd2+ onto cotton straw biochar. Sequential extraction test results showed that Cd2+ was predominantly adsorbed on cotton straw biochar as carbonate-bound fraction (77.74%-82.09%). The exchangeable fraction and unavailable fraction for cotton straw biochar was low (12.14%-14.95% and 5.62%-6.75%, respectively) and the water soluble fraction was negligible (0.15%-0.55%). Compared with the control, applications of cotton straw biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures resulted in an average decrease of 24.29% and 6.52% in the water-soluble and exchangeable fraction of Cd2+, respectively, and an average increase of 22.49% and 8.32% in the carbonate-bound and unavailable fractions, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Cotton straw biochar has strong sorption potentials for Cd2+ and can be applied to soil remediation to effectively reduce the bioavailability of Cd2+.

Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Prataculture

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Aboveground biomass estimation of Zhaosu mountain meadow based on visible light images with different resolution YUAN Yilin, YAN An, NING Songrui, HOU Zhengqing, ZHANG Zhenfei, XIAO Shuting, SUN Zhe, XIA Wenqiu 2025, 62(1): 234-242.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.027 Abstract ( 46 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (974KB) ( 7 )   【Objective】 Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with digital cameras offer high mobility, flexibility, and resolution, making them advantageous for rapid and accurate AGB estimation. This study aims to investigate the impact of image resolution differences at various flight altitudes of UAVs on the accuracy of AGB estimation. 【Methods】 In this study, we conducted UAV flights at five different altitudes (10, 30, 50, 70, 90 m) over the Zhaosu mountain meadow in Xinjiang to explore the effects of image acquisition at different flight altitudes on AGB estimation accuracy by analyzing differences in spectral information and texture features. 【Results】 By extracting digital images collected at different flight altitudes, we analyzed their spectral information and texture features and correlated these features with measured AGB.The top 8 vegetation indices selected in this study and the top 8 texture features showed strong correlations with AGB. After integrating the three input variables’ variance inflation factor (VIF), we constructed an AGB estimation model using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The study compared the model accuracy for estimating AGB using images of different resolutions. 【Conclusion】 The results indicate that: (1) The correlation between texture features and AGB is weaker than that of vegetation indices when image resolution ranges from 0.27 to 2.45 cm but both of them reach a significant level. As image resolution decreases, the difference in correlation between the two becomes more apparent. (2) At the same image resolution, the best AGB estimation results are achieved when spectral information is combined with texture features, followed by a model using a single texture feature, with a single spectral model performing the worst. (3) As image resolution increases, the accuracy of AGB estimation improves for models using spectral information, texture information, and spectral + texture information.

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Analysis of genetic effects of COIL and BMPR-IB genes for lambing traits in Duolang sheep and Hu sheep crossbred sheep SHI Xiangyun, LI Jiaozhi, LIU Lingling, LIU Wujun 2025, 62(1): 243-250.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.028 Abstract ( 81 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (914KB) ( 3 )   【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the genetic effects of lambing traits COIL and BMPR-IB genes in the offspring of Duolang sheep and Hu sheep crossbreeding (Duohu sheep crossbreeding) cascade crosses by analyzing the association between COIL and BMPR-IB genes and the number of lambs produced. 【Methods】 Randomly selected F1 (228), F2 (254), and F3 (252) generations of Duohu crossbred sheep were subjected to whole blood DNA extraction, and the COIL gene was genotyped using amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (ARMS-PCR) technique, and the BMPR-IB gene was analyzed in association with the number of lambs produced after genotyping using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. 【Results】 In the Duohu F1 sheep, the lambing numbers of the mutant pure GG type were significantly higher than those of the mutant heterozygous CG and the wild CC type (P<0.01), and that of the mutant heterozygous CG type were significantly higher than that of the wild CC type (P<0.01); in the Duohu F2 sheep, the differences between the number of lambs produced by the mutant pure GG type and the mutant heterozygous CG and wild CC types were all highly significant (P<0.01); in the Duohu F3 sheep, the number of lambs produced by the mutant pure GG and the mutant heterozygous CG types was highly significantly higher than that of the CC type (P<0.01), and the number of lambs produced by the GG type was highly significantly higher than that of the CG type (P<0.05). In the Duohu F1, F2 and F3 sheep, the numbers of lambs produced by the mutant pure BB type were highly significantly higher than the number of lambs produced by the mutant heterozygous B+ type and the wild++ type (P<0.01), and the number of lambs produced by the mutant heterozygous B+ type was highly significantly higher than that of the wild++ type (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Both COIL gene and BMPR-IB gene have significant effect on lambing number of Duo and Hu crossbred sheep. However, the BMPR-IB gene has a low mutation rate in the progeny of Duohu sheep, which may not be suitable as a key gene for screening the double lambing population of Duohu sheep, and the COIL gene can be a new candidate gene for screening the high reproduction rate of Duohu sheep.

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Analysis and evaluation of slaughter performance and meat quality characteristics of Luobu sheep TANG Liping, Aminiguli , WANG Xu, FENG Xing, ZHENG Peiyu, YU Jianguo, ZHANG Yanwei, XIE Mengwan, DI Jiang, YU Lijuan 2025, 62(1): 251-260.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.029 Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1019KB) ( 8 )   【Objective】 To explore the slaughter performance and meat quality characteristics of Luobu sheep under natural grazing conditions. 【Methods】 Eight 12 month rams and ten 12 month ewes under grazing conditions were selected for slaughter, and then their slaughter performance and meat quality were compared and analyzed. 【Results】 The slaughter performance of Luobu sheep were: slaughter rate 47.02%, net meat rate 38.09%, carcass weight 16.09 kg, eye muscle area 0.53 cm2, tail weight 0.93 kg, tube circumference 7.94 cm, ram’s all of which were significantly higher than that of ewe’s (P<0.01), body length 71.78cm, significantly higher than ewe’s (P<0.05). Meat quality: $a_{24\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ was 16.34, and ewe’s were significantly higher than ram’s (P<0.01). pH24h ,b* 40min, and $b_{24\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ were 5.79, 6.40, and 8.53, respectively, all significantly higher than rams (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in cooking loss and shear force; The protein content in the muscle was 21.70, and the ram’s was significantly higher than the ewe’s (P<0.01). The fat content was 2.29, and the ram’s was significantly lower than the ewe’s (P<0.05), with a water content of 76.38; There were 17 types of amino acids in the muscle, with total amino acid content (TAA), essential amino acid content (EAA), and non essential amino acid content (NEAA) of 19.36, 8.24, and 11.12, respectively, which were significantly higher in ram’s than in ewes (P<0.05), and EAA/NEAA of 74.08, meeting the standard for excellent meat quality; There were 33 types of fatty acids in muscle, with a total fatty acid content of 89.32 and a saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of 43.50. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in ewes was significantly higher than that in rams (P<0.05), with a content of 34.71 and 11.11, respectively; The contents of mineral elements Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ca and Se were 56.33, 247.14, 21.69, 1.99, 108.36, and 0.04, respectively. Among them, the Se content of ewes was significantly higher than that of rams (P<0.01), Fe was significantly higher than that of rams (P<0.05), and Zn was significantly lower than that of rams (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Luobu mutton is rich in nutrients such as amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral elements, which belong to excellent quality meat with a delicious taste; Rams have good slaughtering performance, while ewes have bright and glossy flesh color.