Adsorption and immobilization of Cd2+ by cotton straw biochar

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.026

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of the study is to investigate the potential of cotton straw biochar for the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals Cd²⁺. 【Methods】 Cotton straw biochar (BC500, BC600 and BC700) was prepared from cotton straw, a typical agricultural waste in Xinjiang, at pyrolysis temperatures of 500℃(BC500), 600℃(BC600) and 700℃(BC700), respectively. Meanwhile, experiments of adsorption and passivation were carried out. 【Results】 The results showed that at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L Cd²⁺, the adsorption of Cd²⁺by BC500, BC600 and BC700 reached 10.47 mg/g, 9.72mg/g and 11.96mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetic was the most suitable model for describing the adsorption of Cd²⁺onto cotton straw biochar. Sequential extraction test results showed that Cd²⁺ was predominantly adsorbed on cotton straw biochar as carbonate-bound fraction (77.74%-82.09%). The exchangeable fraction and unavailable fraction for cotton straw biochar was low (12.14%-14.95% and 5.62%-6.75%, respectively) and the water soluble fraction was negligible (0.15%-0.55%). Compared with the control, applications of cotton straw biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures resulted in an average decrease of 24.29% and 6.52% in the water-soluble and exchangeable fraction of Cd²⁺, respectively, and an average increase of 22.49% and 8.32% in the carbonate-bound and unavailable fractions, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Cotton straw biochar has strong sorption potentials for Cd²⁺ and can be applied to soil remediation to effectively reduce the bioavailability of Cd²⁺.

Key words: cotton straw biochar; Cd²⁺; adsorption; immobilization; heavy metal fractions

摘要：

【目的】 探究棉秆生物炭对重金属Cd²⁺的吸附和固定作用潜力。【方法】 以新疆典型的农业废弃物棉花秸秆为原料,分别在500、600和700℃热解温度下制备棉秆炭(BC500、BC600和BC700),进行吸附和钝化试验。【结果】 Cd²⁺初始浓度为100 mg/L时,BC500、BC600和BC700对Cd²⁺的吸附量分别达到10.47、9.72和11.96 mg/g。不同热解温度棉秆生物炭对Cd²⁺的动力吸附过程符合准二级动力吸附模型。不同热解温度棉秆生物炭中吸附的Cd²⁺主要以碳酸盐结合态存在,比例达到77.74%~82.09%;其次是可交换态和不可利用态,比例分别为12.14%~14.95%和5.62%~6.75%。与对照相比,添加不同热解温度棉秆生物炭使得土壤中Cd²⁺的水溶态和可交换态组分比例分别平均降低24.29%和6.52%;碳酸盐结合态和不可利用态组分比例分别平均增加22.49%和8.32%。【结论】 棉秆生物炭对Cd²⁺具有较强的吸附潜力,施用于土壤中可有效降低土壤中Cd²⁺的生物可利用性。

关键词: 棉秆生物炭, Cd²⁺, 吸附, 固定, 重金属形态

CLC Number:

WEN Fang, LIAO Na, WANG Na, JIN Jing, YAO Yiqiang. Adsorption and immobilization of Cd²⁺ by cotton straw biochar[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 225-233.

文方, 廖娜, 王娜, 靳静, 姚义强. 棉秆生物炭对Cd²⁺的吸附固定作用[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 225-233.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Changes in removal effciency(a) and adsorption capacity(b) of cotton stem biochar Cd2+ at different initial concentrations

Tab.1 Adsorption kinetic parameters of Cd2+ for cotton straw biochar

处理 Treatments	Q_e,exp (mg/g)	准一级动力学方程 Pseudo-first order kinetics			准二级动力学方程 Pseudo-second order kinetics			颗粒内扩散模型 Intramaterial diffusion model
处理 Treatments	Q_e,exp (mg/g)	Q_e,cal (mg/g)	k₁	R²	Q_e,cal (mg/g)	k₂	R²	k_ip	c	R²
BC500	6.50	6.06	0.072	0.949 1	6.41	0.018	0.990 7	0.070	4.51	0.637 6
BC600	6.63	6.00	0.144	0.956 6	6.28	0.044	0.984 7	0.102	3.92	0.360 9
BC700	6.75	6.41	0.171	0.974 7	6.64	0.056	0.993 8	0.095	4.41	0.281 4

Fig.2 Adsorption kinetics of Cd2+ for cotton straw biochar

Fig.3 SEM images of cotton straw biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures before and after adsorption of Cd2+

Fig.4 SEM-EDS patterns of cotton straw biochar after adsorption of Cd2+

Fig.5 FTIR plots of cotton straw biochar before and after Cd2+ adsorption

Fig.6 Speciation of Cd2+ on cotton straw biochar after adsorption

Fig.7 Changes of cotton straw biochar on Speciation of Cd2+ in soil

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Adsorption and immobilization of Cd²⁺ by cotton straw biochar

棉秆生物炭对Cd²⁺的吸附固定作用

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