Effects of different saline and alkaline stress on the proteome of cotton root system

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.018

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Exploring the mechanism of cotton tolerance to salt and alkali stress plays an important role in improving cotton yield in Alkali soil in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 This study used cotton as the experimental material, and set up three treatments: control (CK), salt stress (NaCl, CS), and alkali stress (NaHCO₃+Na₂CO₃, AS). Then, TMT technology was used to analyze the changes in protein expression in cotton roots under salt and alkali stress, and bioinformatics analysis was performed on the screened differential proteins. 【Results】 The results showed that under salt stress, the activities of Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvate kinase and citrate synthase in roots were significantly reduced by 12.0%, 9.9%, 9.7%, and 32.8%, respectively. Under alkali stress, the activities of Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvate kinase, Malate dehydrogenase, Glutamate dehydrogenase and cereal Transaminase in roots were significantly increased by 10.9%, 5.9%, 10.4%, 45.1%, 26.3%, and 23.4%, respectively. A total of 1725 differentially expressed proteins were screened under salt stress, including 508 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 1217 downregulated differentially expressed proteins. Among them, there were 10 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 43 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in energy metabolism, 14 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 76 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in amino acid metabolism, 45 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 84 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in genetic information processing, and 13 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 29 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in signal transduction; Under alkaline stress, there were a total of 75 differentially expressed proteins, including 30 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 45 downregulated differentially expressed proteins. Among them, there were only 2 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in energy metabolism, 1 upregulated differentially expressed protein in amino acid metabolism, and 3 downregulated differentially expressed proteins. No differentially expressed proteins were identified in genetic information processing and signal transduction. 【Conclusion】 The results indicate that salt stress significantly inhibits energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, genetic information processing and signal transduction in cotton roots, while alkali stress has no significant effect on genetic information processing and signal transduction.

Key words: salt stress; alkali stress; cotton; proteome; amino acid metabolism; energy metabolism

摘要：

【目的】 探究棉花耐受盐碱胁迫的机制,为提高新疆盐碱地棉花产量提供依据。【方法】 以棉花为材料,设置对照(CK)、盐胁迫(NaCl,CS)和碱胁迫(NaHCO₃+Na₂CO₃,AS)3个处理,采用TMT技术分析盐胁迫和碱胁迫下棉花根系中蛋白表达的变化,对筛选出的差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析。【结果】 盐胁迫下根中己糖激酶、磷酸果糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶和柠檬酸合酶活性分别显著降低12.0%、9.9%、9.7%和32.8%,碱胁迫下根中己糖激酶、磷酸果糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶和谷草转氨酶活性分别显著增加10.9%、5.9%、10.4%、45.1%、26.3%和23.4%。在盐胁迫下共筛选出1 725个差异蛋白,包括508个上调差异蛋白和1217个下调差异蛋白,其中能量代谢有10个上调差异蛋白、43个下调差异蛋白,氨基酸代谢有14个上调差异蛋白、76个下调差异蛋白,遗传信息处理有45个上调差异蛋白、84个下调差异蛋白,信号传导有13个上调差异蛋白、29个下调差异蛋白;在碱胁迫下共75个差异蛋白,包括30个上调差异蛋白和45个下调差异蛋白,其中能量代谢只有2个下调差异蛋白,氨基酸代谢1个上调差异蛋白、3个下调差异蛋白,遗传信息处理和信号传导中未筛选出差异蛋白。【结论】 盐胁迫显著抑制棉花根系中的能量代谢,氨基酸代谢,遗传信息处理和信号传导,碱胁迫对遗传信息处理和信号传导无显著影响。

关键词: 盐胁迫, 碱胁迫, 棉花, 蛋白质组, 氨基酸代谢, 能量代谢

CLC Number:

S562

SUN Caiqin, WU Jia, HUANG Hai, GUO Jiaxin, MIN Wei, GUO Huijuan. Effects of different saline and alkaline stress on the proteome of cotton root system[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 146-160.

孙彩琴, 吴佳, 黄海, 郭家鑫, 闵伟, 郭慧娟. 不同盐碱胁迫对棉花根系蛋白质组的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 146-160.

Figures/Tables 13

References 27

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处理 Treat- ments	盐碱类型及盐碱化程度 Saline and alkaline	含盐量 Salt content (g/kg)	电导率 EC_1∶5 (dS/m)	pH值 pH value (1∶2.5)
CK	对照-非盐(碱)化	0.53	0.17	8.16
CS	NaCl-中度盐化	4.43	1.39	8.43
AS	Na₂CO₃+NaHCO₃- 中度碱化	2.03	0.63	9.92

处理 Treat- ments	盐碱类型及盐碱化程度 Saline and alkaline	含盐量 Salt content (g/kg)	电导率 EC_1∶5 (dS/m)	pH值 pH value (1∶2.5)
CK	对照-非盐(碱)化	0.53	0.17	8.16
CS	NaCl-中度盐化	4.43	1.39	8.43
AS	Na₂CO₃+NaHCO₃- 中度碱化	2.03	0.63	9.92

代谢通路 Pathway name	序列号 Accession	功能描述 Description	变化倍数 Flod change CS/CK
光合生物中的碳固定 Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms	A0A7J9MMV1	苹果酸脱氢酶(脱羧)	0.44
	A0A7J9KKP5	苹果酸脱氢酶	0.28
	A0A7J9LT88	转酮酶	0.4
	A0A7J9MIN9	丙酮酸,正磷酸二激酶	2.48
	A0A7J9LQW1	二磷酸核糖羧化酶大链	0.22
	A0A7J9LWV8	果糖二磷酸醛缩酶	0.29
	A0A7J9L8J1	谷氨酸乙醛酸氨基转移酶	0.38
脂肪酸代谢 Fatty acid metabolism	A0A7J9LXK4	酰基CoA氧化酶	0.36
	A0A7J9LGP8	3-氧代酰基-[酰基载体蛋白]合成酶III	0.32
	A0A7J9MDP4	长链酰基辅酶A合成酶	0.03
	A0A7J9MNJ9	乙酰辅酶A羧化酶羧基转移酶亚基α	0.3
	A0A7J9LQW1	乙酰辅酶A羧化酶羧基转移酶亚基β	0.22
	A0A7J9N2P9	酰基-[酰基载体蛋白]去饱和酶	0.45
	A0A7J9MI46	乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1	0.48
	A0A7J9MBT9	3-氧代酰基-[酰基载体蛋白]合成酶II	0.156
	A0A7J9MML8	极长链烯酰辅酶A还原酶	0.08
2-氧代羧酸代谢 2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism	A0A7J9MHQ1	酮酸还原酶	0.42
	A0A7J9MCR3	天冬氨酸转氨酶	0.45
	A0A7J9LR84	支链氨基酸氨基转移酶	0.45
	A0A7J9MF79	乙酰乳酸合成酶I/II/III大亚基	0.33
	A0A7J9M5F7	乌头酸水合酶	0.3
	A0A7J9LFB5	3-异丙基苹果酸/(R)-2-甲基苹果酸脱水酶大亚基	0.22
	A0A7J9L8J1	谷氨酸乙醛酸氨基转移酶	0.38
	A0A7J9MLD0	氨基酸N-乙酰转移酶	0.3
氧化磷酸化 Oxidative phosphorylation	A0A7J9M3S6	无机焦磷酸酶	0.33
	A0A7J9KSN1	ATP酶亚基δ	3.34
	A0A7J9LU75	ATP酶亚基δ	4.01
	A0A7J9LUR9	ATP酶亚单位γ	0.49
	A0A7J9MXH6	ATP酶亚基d	2.56
	A0A7J9M8P5	V型H⁺转运ATP酶亚基A	0.38
	A0A7J9NCI0	V型H⁺转运ATP酶亚基G	2.15
	A0A7J9LE84	V型H⁺转运ATP酶亚基a	0.29
	A0A7J9MAN9	V型H⁺转运ATP酶16kDa蛋白脂质亚基	0.36
	A0A7J9N9Y3	细胞色素c氧化酶亚基5b	2.64
	A0A7J9M160	细胞色素c氧化酶亚基6b	3.09
	A0A7J9MBK5	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)Fe-S蛋白7	0.44
	A0A7J9LX02	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)黄素蛋白1	0.21
氧化磷酸化 Oxidative phosphorylation	A0A7J9MRV1	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1α亚基2	2.48
	A0A7J9MJS6	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1α亚基8	3.94
	A0A7J9L0N9	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1β亚基10	2.29
氮代谢 Nitrogen metabolism	A0A7J9LWX4	谷氨酸脱氢酶(NAD(P)⁺)	0.48
	A0A7J9KIX3	腈化酶	0.36
	A0A7J9L9B3	硝酸还原酶(NAD(P)H)	0.01
甲烷代谢 Methane metabolism	A0A7J9LUW0	2-氧戊二酸还原酶	0.27
	A0A7J9MLG9	甘氨酸羟甲基转移酶	0.36
	A0A7J9N9M4	6-磷酸果糖激酶1	0.5
	A0A7J9LWV8	果糖二磷酸醛缩酶	0.29
	A0A7J9KZF9	烯醇化酶 Enolase	0.25
	A0A7J9MAZ1	2,3-双磷酸甘油酸依赖性磷酸甘油酸变位酶	0.22
	A0A7J9M9E5	乙酰辅酶A合成酶 Acetyl-CoA synthetase	0.35
硫代谢 Sulfur metabolism	A0A7J9MWP2	丝氨酸O-乙酰转移酶	0.38
	A0A7J9MMD9	胱硫苷γ合酶	0.38
	A0A7J9M7E2	腺嘌呤基硫酸还原酶(谷胱甘肽)	0.32

代谢通路 Pathway name	序列号 Accession	功能描述 Description	变化倍数 Flod change CS/CK
光合生物中的碳固定 Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms	A0A7J9MMV1	苹果酸脱氢酶(脱羧)	0.44
	A0A7J9KKP5	苹果酸脱氢酶	0.28
	A0A7J9LT88	转酮酶	0.4
	A0A7J9MIN9	丙酮酸,正磷酸二激酶	2.48
	A0A7J9LQW1	二磷酸核糖羧化酶大链	0.22
	A0A7J9LWV8	果糖二磷酸醛缩酶	0.29
	A0A7J9L8J1	谷氨酸乙醛酸氨基转移酶	0.38
脂肪酸代谢 Fatty acid metabolism	A0A7J9LXK4	酰基CoA氧化酶	0.36
	A0A7J9LGP8	3-氧代酰基-[酰基载体蛋白]合成酶III	0.32
	A0A7J9MDP4	长链酰基辅酶A合成酶	0.03
	A0A7J9MNJ9	乙酰辅酶A羧化酶羧基转移酶亚基α	0.3
	A0A7J9LQW1	乙酰辅酶A羧化酶羧基转移酶亚基β	0.22
	A0A7J9N2P9	酰基-[酰基载体蛋白]去饱和酶	0.45
	A0A7J9MI46	乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1	0.48
	A0A7J9MBT9	3-氧代酰基-[酰基载体蛋白]合成酶II	0.156
	A0A7J9MML8	极长链烯酰辅酶A还原酶	0.08
2-氧代羧酸代谢 2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism	A0A7J9MHQ1	酮酸还原酶	0.42
	A0A7J9MCR3	天冬氨酸转氨酶	0.45
	A0A7J9LR84	支链氨基酸氨基转移酶	0.45
	A0A7J9MF79	乙酰乳酸合成酶I/II/III大亚基	0.33
	A0A7J9M5F7	乌头酸水合酶	0.3
	A0A7J9LFB5	3-异丙基苹果酸/(R)-2-甲基苹果酸脱水酶大亚基	0.22
	A0A7J9L8J1	谷氨酸乙醛酸氨基转移酶	0.38
	A0A7J9MLD0	氨基酸N-乙酰转移酶	0.3
氧化磷酸化 Oxidative phosphorylation	A0A7J9M3S6	无机焦磷酸酶	0.33
	A0A7J9KSN1	ATP酶亚基δ	3.34
	A0A7J9LU75	ATP酶亚基δ	4.01
	A0A7J9LUR9	ATP酶亚单位γ	0.49
	A0A7J9MXH6	ATP酶亚基d	2.56
	A0A7J9M8P5	V型H⁺转运ATP酶亚基A	0.38
	A0A7J9NCI0	V型H⁺转运ATP酶亚基G	2.15
	A0A7J9LE84	V型H⁺转运ATP酶亚基a	0.29
	A0A7J9MAN9	V型H⁺转运ATP酶16kDa蛋白脂质亚基	0.36
	A0A7J9N9Y3	细胞色素c氧化酶亚基5b	2.64
	A0A7J9M160	细胞色素c氧化酶亚基6b	3.09
	A0A7J9MBK5	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)Fe-S蛋白7	0.44
	A0A7J9LX02	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)黄素蛋白1	0.21
氧化磷酸化 Oxidative phosphorylation	A0A7J9MRV1	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1α亚基2	2.48
	A0A7J9MJS6	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1α亚基8	3.94
	A0A7J9L0N9	NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1β亚基10	2.29
氮代谢 Nitrogen metabolism	A0A7J9LWX4	谷氨酸脱氢酶(NAD(P)⁺)	0.48
	A0A7J9KIX3	腈化酶	0.36
	A0A7J9L9B3	硝酸还原酶(NAD(P)H)	0.01
甲烷代谢 Methane metabolism	A0A7J9LUW0	2-氧戊二酸还原酶	0.27
	A0A7J9MLG9	甘氨酸羟甲基转移酶	0.36
	A0A7J9N9M4	6-磷酸果糖激酶1	0.5
	A0A7J9LWV8	果糖二磷酸醛缩酶	0.29
	A0A7J9KZF9	烯醇化酶 Enolase	0.25
	A0A7J9MAZ1	2,3-双磷酸甘油酸依赖性磷酸甘油酸变位酶	0.22
	A0A7J9M9E5	乙酰辅酶A合成酶 Acetyl-CoA synthetase	0.35
硫代谢 Sulfur metabolism	A0A7J9MWP2	丝氨酸O-乙酰转移酶	0.38
	A0A7J9MMD9	胱硫苷γ合酶	0.38
	A0A7J9M7E2	腺嘌呤基硫酸还原酶(谷胱甘肽)	0.32

代谢通路 Pathway name	序列号 Accession	功能描述 Description	变化倍数 Flod change AS/CK
半乳糖代谢 Galactose metabolism	A0A7J9L4C2	拉菲糖合酶	0.49
半乳糖代谢 Galactose metabolism	A0A7J9LKB1	肌醇3-α-半乳糖基转移酶	0.48