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    Crop Genetics and Breeding·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry
    Salt tolerance in germination period of cotton seeds based on convolutional neural network and synthetic dataset
    WANG Yongpan, MA Jun, LI Chenyu, YAO Mengyao, WANG Zixuan, HUANG Lingzhi, ZHU Haiyan, LIU Wanrong, LI Bo, YANG Yang, GAO Wenwei
    2025, 62(2): 261-269.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.001
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1395KB) ( )  

    【Objective】To establish a convenient and accurate non-destructive detection method for cotton seed germination phenotypes, so as to characterize the salt tolerance of different cotton germplasm at the germination stage. 【Methods】A synthetic dataset was generated using 150 images of cotton seed germination at different stages and used to train the Mask R-CNN model. Using the trained model, we performed instance segmentation and feature extraction of seed shell and germ in real-world images of 60 cotton germplasm that germinated under 125 mmol/L NaCl treatment, and used them to infer the seed germination rate, germination potential, and germination length, so as to evaluate the salt tolerance of these 60 cotton germplasm in the germination stage. 【Results】The generated synthetic dataset contained 2,000 images and corresponding mask data. The accuracy of the Mask R-CNN model trained based on this dataset for the segmentation of seed shells and germs in real images was above 95 %, and the phenotypic values that inferred by model were highly consistent with them measured by manual operation (R2 > 0.98, P < 0.001), indicating that the phenotypes could be accurately obtained using the model. The cluster analysis of the salt tolerance index for each trait classified the 60 cotton materials into four levels; using the affiliation function method for a comprehensive evaluation of the salt tolerance of the cotton varieties. Kezimian 4 (0.95), MC-30 (0.88), and Lu8zao (0.81) had a larger D-value and indicated high salt tolerance. 【Conclusion】In this study, we have established a method for phenotyping cotton seed germination traits based on the convolutional neural network model that trained by using synthetic dataset. and using this method, we have identified the seed germination salt tolerance of 60 cotton germplasm in a non-destructive, rapid and accurate manner.

    Effect of defoliant on boll development and fiber quality of machine-picked cotton
    HU Shasha, SHAO Liping, CHEN Lihua, SONG Weiping, ZHAO Hai, ZHANG Xinyu, SUN Jie
    2025, 62(2): 270-277.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.002
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1130KB) ( )  

    【Objective】The aim of the study is to clarify the effects of defoliants on the development of cotton bolls and fiber quality at different development time of cotton varieties with different maturities in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the rational selection of defoliants suitable for the varieties deployed in cotton production. 【Methods】Field experiments were carried out in 2020 and 2021. Two cotton varieties(early maturing products Shidamian 268 and Late maturing varieties Shidamian 451) that were of early or late maturity were used as the experimental materials. They were sprayed with two kinds of defoliants with the active ingredient being Ruituolong or Yeluokong. Spraying was applied on cotton plants with cotton bolls that had developed for 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 d. Three weeks after spraying, cotton bolls were harvested from each treatment, measured for single boll weight, lint percentage, fiber length, fiber uniformity, micronaire value, fiber strength and elongation rate, and then compared with CK. 【Results】(1) Defoliants had little effect on boll weight when they were applied on early-maturing and late-maturing cotton variety with 40 and 50 d old bolls, respectively, but compared to Ruituolong, Yeluokong had a greater impact on boll weight. Both defoliants had significantly negative effect on lint percentage of cotton bolls that were less than 40 d old when defoliants were applied, but such negative effect on lint percentage was not significant for >45 d cotton bolls. (2) For the early-maturing variety, Ruituolong had no significant effect on micronaire of >45 d bolls, fiber elongation rate of >40 d bolls, fiber length and uniformity index of >35 d bolls, and fiber strength of >30 d bolls. For the late maturing variety, the unaffected traits were observed for fiber from bolls that were 5-10 d older compared to the early-maturing variety. Compared to Ruituolong, Yeluokong had a stronger impact on fiber quality, particularly on fiber of the late-maturing variety. 【Conclusion】The effect of defoliants on yield components and fiber quality is minimized for >40 d bolls of early-maturing precocious variety Shidamian 268 and >45 d bolls of late-maturing Strain Shidamian 451 variety. Compared with Yeluokong, Ruituolong with less Diuron has weaker effect on cotton boll weight and fiber quality. Choose early-maturing varieties and spray defoliants with a low concentration of Diuron when bolls have developed for more than 40 d.

    Effects of sowing dates and planting density on yield formation and quality of peanut
    LIU Yue, LIAN Shihao, LI Jiahao, WANG Hongyi, TIAN Wenqiang, NIE Lingfan, SUN Ganggang, JIA Yonghong, SHI Shubing, YU Yuehua, ZHANG Jinshan
    2025, 62(2): 278-285.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.003
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1060KB) ( )  

    【Objective】To clarify the appropriate sowing date and planting density of peanut production in northern Xinjiang.【Methods】Huayu 25 was used as the test variety. The experiment was designed with three sowing dates of May 3, May 10 and May 17, and four planting density levels of 13.0×104, 14.5×104, 16.0×104 and 17.5×104 holes/hm2, to analyze the effects of sowing date and planting density on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of peanut.【Results】With the push of the sowing date, the main stem height, the number of branches and the leaf area index all decreased at the same planting density. The accumulation of dry matter and yield increased first and then decreased, with the highest treatment on May 10. Peanut protein, fat and oleic acid levels were the highest on May 3. Planting density also had a significant effect on the agronomic traits of peanut during each reproductive period, too high and too low planting density were unfavorable to the accumulation of dry material and yield, low-density planting was more conducive to improving the quality of peanut seeds.【Conclusion】The sowing period and density interaction significantly affect the growth and development of peanut throughout the growth period. The suitable sowing time of peanuts in northern Xinjiang is between May 3 and May 10, and the planting density is from 14.5×104 to 16.0×104 holes/hm2.

    Effect of silic on fertiliser application on the growth and development of cotton and its yield and quality
    LU Mingkun, LI Junhong, Nilupaier Yusufujiang, PAN Xipeng, LIU Xiaocheng, ZHANG Zhenggui, PAN Zhanlei, ZHAI Menghua, ZHANG Yaopeng, ZHAO Wenqi, WANG Lihong, WANG Zhanbiao
    2025, 62(2): 286-293.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.004
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (969KB) ( )  

    【Objective】To explore the effect of silicon fertiliser application on cotton agronomic traits, yield and fibre quality in cotton fields under drip irrigation under the membrane, to clarify the mechanism of silicon fertiliser application affecting the growth and development of cotton, and to define the optimal concentration of silicon fertiliser application, so as to provide data support for the promotion and application of silicon fertiliser in cotton. 【Methods】In this experiment, CK (conventional fertiliser + 0 kg/hm2 SiO2), S1 (conventional fertiliser + 7.2 kg/hm2 SiO2), S2 (conventional fertiliser + 14.4 kg/hm2 SiO2), S3 (conventional fertiliser + 21.6 kg/hm2 SiO2), were used as the planting materials, and silica fertiliser was applied to the cotton fields in the bud stage and flowering stage respectively to analyze the differences in growth and development, yield and fibre quality of the control (CK) and cotton fields with the application of silica fertiliser. hm2 SiO2), and to analyse the differences in growth and development, yield and fibre quality between Si fertiliser application and control (CK) cotton fields. 【Results】The plant height was lower than that of the control; stem thickness was higher than that of the control; and the application of silicon fertiliser significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of roots, stems, leaves and buds and bolls of cotton (P<0.05). This experiment showed that S2 application had the best effect. Trace application of silicon fertiliser boll number per plant (8.6%) and single boll weight(10.2%) (P<0.05), and increased cotton seed cotton yield (25.1%) and lint yield (23.0%) (P<0.05). Besides, Length Neatness Index, Specific Breaking Strength and Micronaire were increased to certain extent as well.【Conclusion】Drip application of silicon fertiliser with water can promote the growth and development of cotton, increase biomass and yield, and enhance quality.

    Effects of drip irrigation on the growth and development, yield formation, and water use efficiency of cotton in Xinjiang
    WANG Yiding, ZHANG Kai, ZHANG Lingjian, ZHANG Hui, GUO Xiaomeng, CHEN Guoyue
    2025, 62(2): 294-301.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.005
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1262KB) ( )  

    【Objective】To explore how different irrigation quantities influences on cotton growth and development, yield formation, and water use efficiency. 【Methods】A field experiment was carried out in Bole City, Xinjiang by using normal irrigation as control (3,360 m3/hm2), and setting up mild water deficit (80% of normal irrigation, 2,688 m3/hm2), moderate water deficit (60% of normal irrigation, 2,016 m3/hm2), severe water deficit (40% of normal irrigation, 1,344 m3/hm2) treatments, to determine plant height, number of nodes in the main stem, number of fruiting branches, bolling and abscission characteristics of cotton at different fertility stages, and mensurate yield components of cotton at harvest. 【Results】(1) Compared with the normal irrigation treatment, deficit irrigation advanced the cotton bud stage, flowering stage, full boll stage, and fluffing stage by 0 to 4 days, 2 to 6 days, 2 to 7 days, and 3 to 11 days, respectively. (2) After the bud stage, cotton plant height, main stem internode length, the number of fruiting branches and the number of buds and bolls per plant showed a tendency to decrease with the reduction of irrigation; bolls and fruit set were mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the canopy, and their numbers all decreased with the reduction of irrigation. (3) Cotton whole-plant biomass showed a decreasing trend with decreasing irrigation amounts. (4) Seed cotton yield showed a decreasing trend with the reduction of irrigation amount, and the seed cotton yield of normal irrigation treatment reached 8,120 kg/hm2, which was 7.0%-32.4% higher than that of deficit irrigation treatment, mainly due to the reduction of single boll number; with the reduction of irrigation amount, the irrigation water utilization efficiency gradually increased, and it was the highest in the treatment of severe deficit irrigation, which reached 4.19 kg/m3. 【Conclusion】Moderate deficit irrigation can help advance the flowering and bell setting time of cotton,shorten the growth period of cotton.

    Effect of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on cotton growth and yield under the control of winter drip irrigation in off-cropping period
    WANG Xiaoyan, BAI Yungang, CHAI Zhongping, LU Zhenlin, LIU Hongbo, XIAO Jun, Amannisa
    2025, 62(2): 302-313.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.006
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2075KB) ( )  

    【Objective】Studying the effects of different winter dripping irrigation quotas on the quality of "dry seeding wet output" planting, cotton physiology, growth characteristics, and yield, determining the water-saving and efficient fallow period cotton field moisture regulation strategy. 【Methods】Using a small amount of water regulation during the cotton field fallow period, and the "dry seeding wet output" irrigation method after spring sowing, a total of 9 treatments were set in this experiment, with 4 gradients for winter dripping irrigation quotas: winter dripping irrigation during fallow period (W1S0-W4S0): 600, 900, 1,200 and 1,500 m3/hm2; after spring sowing, two schemes of no "dry seeding wet output" and "dry seeding wet output" were used, with a quota of 225 m3/hm2 for "dry seeding wet output" (W1S1-W4S4), and conventional winter irrigation of 2,250 m3/hm2 as the control treatment. 【Results】Compared with winter dripping irrigation alone, the combination of winter dripping irrigation and "dry seeding wet output" could promote early cotton growth (plant height and stem diameter significantly higher than with no "dry seeding wet output" and conventional winter irrigation), and treatments W1S1-W4S4 could control excessive plant height growth during the nutritional growth to reproductive growth stage to a certain extent, with treatments W3S3 and W4S4 being the most significant; the combination could increase the leaf area index during the seedling and budding stages, and in the late stage of flowering as well, the leaf area index of W1S0-W4S0 treatments was slightly higher than the CK and W1S1-W4S4 treatments; the total dry matter accumulation of W1S1-W4S4 treatments was significantly greater than that of W1S0-W4S0 treatments, which could promote reproductive organ dry matter accumulation, with the proportion of dry matter accumulation in reproductive organs in W3S3 and W4S4 treatments exceeding 50%; the leaf area index in the late stage of flowering was significantly negatively correlated with yield, and the total dry matter accumulation was significantly positively correlated with yield. The yields of combination of winter dripping irrigation and "dry seeding wet output" were higher than winter dripping irrigation alone and conventional winter irrigation, with the yield of treatment W4S4 being approximately 18.8% higher than that of winter dripping W4S0 treatment and about 13.5% higher than the CK.【Conclusion】"Dry seeding wet output" irrigation under fallow period dripping winter irrigation regulation can significantly improve cotton yield by 3.5%-13.5% while saving irrigation water by 24%-36%.

    Horticultural Special Local Products
    Determination of harvest date of Golden Delicious, Harlikar and Ruixue apples and their dynamic study on fruit quality
    ZHANG Tengyi, LI Qianli, FENG Beibei, NAN Kun, YAN Peng, GENG Wenjuan
    2025, 62(2): 314-323.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.007
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2226KB) ( )  

    【Objective】To clarify the dynamic changes of fruit quality of three yellow-green apple varieties Golden delicious, Harlikar and Ruixue during fruit ripening and then determine the optimal harvest time of the three varieties.【Methods】The starch staining patterns of three varieties were constructed, soluble solids were determined, titrable acids were determined, and sugar components and acid components were determined by liquid chromatography.【Results】With the improvement of fruit maturity, fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble solids content, starch index and sugar content of the three yellow-green apple varieties showed an upward trend, while fruit firmness, titratable acid content, VC content and acid fraction decreased with the extension of harvest time. During ripening, starch index was negatively correlated with fruit hardness, titratable acid and VC, and positively correlated with single fruit weight and soluble solids.【Conclusion】It has been concluded that the harvest periods I,II and III are the suitable harvest periods for the three varieties, and the starch staining grade is 4-6 in this harvest period. For Golden delicious,the time of apple dyeing grade 4, 5 and 6 was 147, 153 and 160 days after full bloom, respectively. The dyeing grade of Harlikar reached 4,5 and 6 at 173, 180 and 187 days after full bloom, respectively. The time when the dyeing grade of Ruixue reached 4,5 and 6 was 187, 193 and 200 days after full bloom, respectively.

    Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 103 tomato germplasm resources in streamlined cultivation
    LIU Yiyang, ZHOU Peng, LIU Jingjing, WANG Xiaomin, HU Xinhua, FU Jinjun, GAO Yanming, LI Jianshe
    2025, 62(2): 324-334.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.008
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1233KB) ( )  

    【Objective】Streamlined cultivation of tomato is a new type of cultivation management method that does not require scaffolding, pruning, and branching during plant growth. This project aims to screen germplasm resources suitable for streamlined cultivation of tomatoes and cultivate new tomato varieties that are suitable for cultivation methods. 【Methods】103 limited growth tomato germplasm resources were taken as experimental materials to carry out streamlined cultivation management of open ground tomatoes. By measuring 13 quality traits and 11 quantitative traits, genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and membership function analysis were conducted, and finally a comprehensive evaluation was conducted. 【Results】The results showed that the coefficient of variation for 24 personality traits was 6.12%-185.25%; The genetic diversity index H' was 0.132-2.062; Among 276 pairs of trait correlations, there were 28 pairs of traits with significant correlation (P< 0.05)and extremely significant correlation(P< 0.01), respectively; Cluster analysis divided 103 tomato germplasms into 4 groups, among which the third type material had a relatively upright plant type, high fruit uniformity and single plant yield, which could be used as a suitable parent material for streamlined cultivation hybrid combinations. In principal component analysis, 13 personality traits were classified into 5 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 65.969%; The top 5 materials ranked according to the D were 21CL2597, 21CL2577, 21CL2571, 21CL2631and 21CL2654. 【Conclusion】103 germplasm materials have rich genetic diversity in streamlined cultivation, and comprehensive evaluation suggests that 21CL2597, 21CL2577, 21CL2571, 21CL2631 and 21CL2654 are suitable for streamlined cultivation.

    Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the growth, fruit quality and yield of Korla Fragrant Pear
    LI Tianle, BAI Xinlu, AN Shijie, ZHENG Qiangqing, TANG Zhihui, ZHI Jinhu
    2025, 62(2): 335-342.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.009
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1162KB) ( )  

    【Objective】To study the response of growth and fruit formation to water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Korla fragrant pear in the hope of providing theoretical.【Methods】Basis for improving quality and increasing yield of Korla fragrant pear. Four factors of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were set in the test, among which, two levels of water were set. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were set at three levels, namely water (2,400 kg/hm2; 3,600 kg/hm2), nitrogen (150 kg/hm2; 300 kg/hm2; 450 kg/hm2), Phosphorus (1,12.5 kg/hm2; 225 kg/hm2; 337.5 kg/hm2), potassium (55 kg/hm2; 110 kg/hm2; 165 kg/hm2) to determine the growth, fruit quality and yield of pear trees. 【Results】(1) The growth amount of W1N2P3K1 branch was the highest, and the diameter of W2N3P2K1 branch was the largest. The range analysis of branch growth dynamics of Korla Fragrant Pear showed that W2N2P2K1 had the best effect on branch growth, and the results of branch diameter were consistent with the actual measurement. (2) It was seen that the growth trend of W1N2P3K1 fruit shape was closest to the fitting growth curve, R2 was closest to 1, which was most consistent with the growth law. (3) W1N1P2K3 treatment ranked the highest, with the best fruit quality performance. (4) Its yield under W1N3P3K3 was the highest and the fruit weight of Korla fragrant pear was relatively good. 【Conclusion】Considering pear tree growth, fruit quality and actual yield, the growth, fruit quality and yield of Korla Fragrant Pear treated with W1N3P3K3 are better.

    Effects of branch pulling angles on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of jujube
    YIN Meilin, LIN Minjuan, JING Shuangquan, XIONG Renci
    2025, 62(2): 343-349.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.010
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (925KB) ( )  

    【Objective】To investigate the effects of pulling on leaf size, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters and fruit quality with the aim of screening the appropriate angle of pulling for high quality production of jujube.【Methods】Three levels of pulling treatments at 70°, 90° and 110° were carried out on the date head branches of the main stem-shaped jujube, with no pulling as the control, and then differences in leaf size, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality were analyzed at different pulling angles. 【Results】The results showed that leaf size and chlorophyll content (SPAD) were significantly higher in the pulling 90° treatment than in the control, and leaf area and chlorophyll content (SPAD) were significantly higher in the pulling 70° and 110° treatments. The daily mean values of Pn, Gs and Tr of leaves in the pulling 90° treatment were significantly higher than those in the pulling 70°, 110° and control, which were 13.36 μmol/(m2·s), 0.36 mol/(m2·s) and 10.29 mmol/(m2·s), respectively, and the daily changes of Pn, Gs, Ci and Wue in the three pulling treatments and the control showed a bimodal curve. The average single fruit weight, soluble solids content, vitamin C content, and soluble sugar content were significantly higher in the treatments with a pulling angle of 90° than in the treatments with a pulling angle of 70°, 110°, and the control.【Conclusion】The suitable branch pulling angle of trunk Junzao is 90°, which is beneficial to the leaf growth, photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality improvement of trunk Junzao.

    Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on quality of Lycium barbarum L. and soil enzyme activity
    SI Yane, Rukeyanmu Maitisidike, Aikebaier Yilahong, YANG Qifeng
    2025, 62(2): 350-360.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.011
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1541KB) ( )  

    【Objective】The study aims to explore the effects of applying bio-organic fertilizer on soil nutrient, enzyme activity and quality of Lycium barbarum L.. Through field experiment, the effects of different fertilizer application on soil fertility and soil enzyme activity and fruit quality of Lycium barbarum L. were analyzed finally.【Methods】Taking Ningqi 7 as the experimental material, conventional fertilization was control (CK), conventional fertilization + bioorganic fertilizer 2 kg (T1) per plant, There were five treatments: conventional fertilizer + biological organic fertilizer 4 kg (T2) per plant, conventional fertilizer + biological organic fertilizer 6 kg (T3) per plant and conventional fertilizer + biological organic fertilizer 8 kg (T4) per plant. 【Results】Compared with conventional fertilization (CK), the soil fertility and soil enzyme activity were significantly increased after bio-organic fertilizer application (P < 0.05). The content of ascorbic acid, protein, total sugar and flavonoids in Lycium barbarum L. treated with bio-organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that treated in CK, and the effect of treatment T3 was the best, which increased by 15.60%, 89.33%, 28.96% and 41.67% compared with that of CK. Compared with CK, the yield of Lycium barbarum L. was increased by 31.81% in treatment T2 at the beginning of fruit stage, and the yield of Lycium barbarum L. was increased by 109.47% and 105.49% with treatment T3 at the beginning of fruit stage and the peak of summer fruit stage. 【Conclusion】Bio-organic fertilizer can improve soil fertility and soil enzyme activity to a certain extent, and the quality of Lycium barbarum L., too. The effect of bio-organic fertilizer on the quality of Lycium barbarum L. is the best, which can significantly improve the quality of Lycium barbarum.

    Quality change characteristics of not from concentrate (NFC) Lycium barbarum juice during processing
    YE Duoduo, MENG Xintao, Gulimire Zununa, Abidaimu Abudureyimu, Kuerbannayi Tuerxunmaimaiti, ZHANG Ting, MA Yan, PAN Yan
    2025, 62(2): 361-372.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.012
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1856KB) ( )  

    【Objective】To study the effects of different processing units on the quality of not from concentrate (NFC) Lycium barbarum juice so as to provide theoretical basis for regulating the internal quality of the juice and prolonging the shelf life of the juice. 【Methods】Fresh Lycium barbarum was treated by juicing, inactivating enzyme, homogenization, ultrasound and sterilization, and samples from different processing units were collected to analyze their effects on physicochemical and nutritional indexes and volatile substances. Cluster thermography was used to analyze the units that had great influence on volatile substances and physicochemical quality of NFC Lycium barbarum juice in different processing operations. 【Results】In different processing units, there was no significant difference between homogenization and ultrasonic treatment on the physicochemical and nutritional quality of fruit juice, such as soluble solids, solid-acid ratio, non-enzymatic browning index, flavonoids, betaine and carotene (P>0.05). Compared with the sterilized juice, the solid acid content of inactivated enzyme and sterilized juice increased by 4.4% and 5.1%, the turbidity increased by 68.2% and 10.3%, and the centrifugal precipitation rate of sterilized juice decreased by 8.7%. The contents of total phenols, flavonoids, DPPH and Abts decreased by 18.8%, 0.51%, 4.73% and 2.2% in the inactivated enzyme, and decreased by 22.5%, 0.4%, 12.8% and 55.6% after sterilization. The relative content of volatile compounds decreased by 35.6% and 31.8% respectively compared with that before the heat treatment. 【Conclusion】Heat treatment (inactivation of enzyme and sterilization) in different processing units has great influence on the quality and aroma components of NFC Lycium barbarum juice.

    Plant Protection·Microbes
    Indoor toxicity measurement and field control efficacy evaluation of 5 different coating agents on corn Fusarium stalk rot in Xinjiang maize
    GAO Guowen, WANG Xiaowu, FU Kaiyun, JIA Zunzun, SUN Jianbo, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, LI Kemei, DING Xinhua, GUO Wenchao
    2025, 62(2): 373-378.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.013
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (704KB) ( )  

    【Objective】To screen efficient seed coating agents and their optimal dosage based on the dominant pathogenic strain Fusarium Sporotrichioide (Fusarium verticillioides) corn stem rot disease in Xinjiang in the hope of providing guidance for scientific prevention and control of the disease in production.【Methods】The mycelial growth rate method was used in combination with field plot experiments and systematic evaluation of the indoor antibacterial effect and field actual control effect of five coating agents on Fusarium Sporotrichioide.【Results】The indoor toxicity test showed that the five tested seed coating agents had good antibacterial effects on the strain, with an EC50 range of 0.193 mg/L to 44.142 mg/L. In terms of field control effectiveness, 35 grams/liter of Loxomyces cerevisiae · Jingjia frost FS 175 mL/100kg seeds was the highest, accounting for 84.96%. The next in order was 18% thiacloprid · chlorpyrifos · chlorpyrifos FS 250 mL/100kg seeds, 30% imidacloprid · chlorpyrifos FS 750 mL/100kg seeds, 35 g/L Loxobacterium · chlorpyrifos FS 150 mL/100kg seeds, and 18% thiacloprid · chlorpyrifos · chlorpyrifos FS 200mL/100kg seeds, all with control effects ranging from 74.11% to 84.72%.【Conclusion】The seed coating agent and its recommended application amount for the field control of Fusarium oxysporum stem rot disease in Xinjiang corn is 35 g/L Loxomyces · Fenpropafenone FS (125-175) mL/100kg seeds, 18% Thiazolin · Fenpropafenone FS (150-250) mL/100kg seeds, 4% Fenpropafenone FS (120-150) mL/100kg seeds, and 30% Fenpropafenone · Fenpropafenone FS (600-750) mL/100kg seeds.

    Screening and verification of DNA extraction methods suitable for corn borer molting
    SUN Jianbo, DING Xinhua, JIA Zunzun, GAO Guowen, FU Kaiyun, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, Anniwaer Kuerban, GUO Wenchao
    2025, 62(2): 379-385.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.014
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (866KB) ( )  

    【Objective】Ostrinia furnacalis is the main pest that causes maize yield reduction in Xinjiang. Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubern) and Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) are sister species that are difficult to be identified by morphology. The Yili River Valley in Xinjiang is a mixed occurrence area of the Eurasian corn borer, so it is very important to carry out accurate isolation and identification of the Eurasian corn borer in this area. a non-destructive extraction method for the corn borer will be used to efficiently establish a pure line population, which is very important for the later biological ecology research. 【Methods】The purpose of this paper is to establish a DNA extraction method without morphological damage, economical, simple, rapid and can meet the subsequent PCR amplification detection technology. Based on the common DNA extraction methods such as screening kit method (KM), protease method (PM and CTAB method (CM), the DNA extraction, target COI sequence amplification and agarose gel detection of corn borer molt were carried out. 【Results】The screening results showed that the effective extraction method for the molt was treatment 3: protease method. The DNA concentration of the molt extracted by the protease method was the highest, which was (23.03 ± 0.01) ng/μL, but its purity was not high, which was not conducive to subsequent PCR amplification. The average concentration of DNA extracted by treatment 3 was (8.46 ± 0.22) ng/μL, meeting the extraction requirements, and the purity was 1.86, meeting the subsequent PCR amplification experiment. 【Conclusion】The treatment 3 and protease method mentioned in this paper can be used to extract gDNA from corn borer molt in large quantities, and at the same time to carry out population identification and subsequent experimental research. Both of them have the advantages of no damage to corn borer, low cost, simple steps, avoiding the harm of chloroform and isopropanol to human body, and it has higher amplification efficiency than the protease method.

    Determination of indoor virulence of four insecticides against Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick and field control effect
    ZHANG Xuyan, JIA Zunzun, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, FU Kaiyun, DING Xinhua, LI Yawen, GUO Wenchao, Yasen Shali
    2025, 62(2): 386-392.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.015
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    【Objective】To screen the prevention and control agents suitable for Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick in Kashgar based on the current situation of resistance of Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick to a variety of insecticides in Kashgar, Xinjiang in the hope of providng a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the disease in this area. 【Methods】In this study, the leaf dip method was used to evaluate the insecticidal effect of four insecticides on the second instar larvae of Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick miner, and the insecticidal effect was verified by field control experiment.【Results】The results of laboratory virulence test showed that the Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick had a high sensitivity to the four tested insecticides, and its sensitivity was 0.5% matrine EC (0.046 mg/L)> 0.3% azadirachtin SL(0.485 mg/L)> 5% emamectin benzoate ME(0.681) mg/L> 20% acetamiprid SP(1.265 mg/L). The control effect of four insecticides on the larvae of Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick beetle was remarkable, and the control effect of each agent could reach more than 90% after 14 days after treatment.【Conclusion】Four insecticides, namely acetamiprid SP, 5% emamectin benzoate ME, 0.5% matrine EC and 0.3% azadirachtin, can be used as effective agents for the control of Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick in Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang.

    Dynamics analysis and comparison of Aleyrodes proletella L. and its associated population Aleyrodes sp.on different host plants
    ZHANG Ruixingyue, SUN Yingying, JI Yuxing, MA Deying
    2025, 62(2): 393-400.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.016
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    【Objective】That have invaded at present, the information on the population dynamics of Ap is limited, and there are no research reports on the regularity of the population dynamics of As population. Therefore, it is urgent for us to compare and clarify the dynamics and differences of growth and decline between two different populations of Aleyrodes, in order to provide a basis for further revealing the relationship between the two populations.【Methods】In 2022-2023, we selected B. oleracea convar. capitata L., Brassica chinensis var. chinensis and Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam, which mainly grew in this area, and the invasive Asteraceae weed L. serriola L as test plants under outdoor conditions for two consecutive years, the host selectivity of the Aleyrodes proletella L. and Aleyrodes sp. was explored and the population growth dynamics of the two whiteflies comparatively on different host plants were analyzed.【Results】The results showed that L. serriola L. and Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam. were the most dominant spring and summer hosts of Aleyrodes proletella L. populations, and Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam.r was the primary summer and fall host; L. serriola L. was the main host of the Aleyrodes sp. population in spring, summer and autumn. Both hosts were highly favorable for feeding, survival, and development of the two population of Aleyrodes., which could lead to high population densities of two population of Aleyrodes. B. oleracea convar. capitata L. was the primary overwintering host for two whitefly populations. Field investigation showed that from late July to early September, the maximum damage period of mixed population on L. serriola L.was observed, and the total density of eggs, nymphs, pseudopupa and adults was 40.7 head (grain) /cm2. In early August, the density of nymphs and pseudopupa of mixed population reached the highest in Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam., which was 0.7 head /cm2. On the host L. serriola L., the population density of Aleyrodes proletella L. reached the highest level in late June, which was 0.54 head /cm2. After that, the population density began to decrease gradually and tended to zero due to the parasiism and migration of natural enemies to other host plants such as Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam. The outbreak of nymphs in Aleyrodes sp. population was relatively delayed on Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam. 【Conclusion】The comparative analysis of this study reveals that there were significant differences in the growth and decline dynamics of the two populations, Aleyrodes proletella L. and Aleyrodes sp., which provides a basis for further revelation of the relationship between the two populations.

    Study on soil microbial diversity under different vegetation in Xinjiang wild fruit forests
    LIU Xuebing, Balejin , Bian Bai, Wulan Wushang, Bayindala
    2025, 62(2): 401-411.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.017
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    【Objective】To study soil microbial diversity under different vegetation of Gongliu wild fruit forest. 【Methods】Four different types of forest land with similar environmental conditions, namely Malus sieversii dominant forest, Armeniaca vulgaris dominant forest, multi-species symbiotic forest and forest grassland, were selected as sample sites. The soil physical and chemical properties of the four sample sites were collected and determined. Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the soil microbial diversity and community structure of the four sample sites.【Results】(1) There was no significant difference in total nitrogen, total potassium, organic carbon and easily oxidized organic carbon in the four soils, and total phosphorus content in the symbiotic forest of multiple tree species was significantly higher than that in the other plots. (2) The OTU number of bacteria in the four soil species was significantly higher than that of fungi, and the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the soil in the dominant forest of Armeniaca vulgaris was the highest, while the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the soil of grassland was the lowest. The soil bacteria in the dominant forest of Malus sieversii identified a total of 30 phylums, 76 phylums, 135 orders, 185 families and 233 genera, and the soil fungi identified a total of 7 phylums, 20 phylums, 40 orders, 70 families and 90 genera; the soil bacteria in the dominant forest of Armeniaca vulgaris identified a total of 31 phylums, 78 phylums, 141 orders, 183 families and 220 genera, and the soil fungi identified a total of 8 phylums, 17 phylums, 35 orders, 69 families and 94 genera; soil bacteria in the symbiotic forest of multiple species were identified as A total of 221 genera of soil bacteria and 7 genera of soil fungi were identified in 29 phylums, 75 phylums, 137 orders, 179 families, and 7 phylums, 15 orders, 31 families, 53 families and 72 genera; a total of 201 genera of soil bacteria were identified in 28 phylums, 72 phylums, 126 orders, 162 families, and 5 phylums, 13 orders, 35 families, 61 families and 84 genera of soil fungi were identified in soil of the grassland in the forest. (3) In the bacterial community at the phyla classification level, the dominant bacteria were Actinomycota, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, while in the fungal community, the dominant bacteria were ascomycetes, mortieromycota and basidiomycota. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria genera are RB41 and Rokubacteriales, and the dominant fungi genera are Humicola, Mortierella and Linnemannia. 【Conclusion】There were differences in the diversity of soil bacterial communities under different vegetation in Gongliu wild fruit forest. The soil microbial species of forest land was the most abundant, while the soil microbial species of grassland was relatively poor.

    Effects of planting pattern on the diversity of fungi in Isatidis Radix
    CHEN Yong, SONG Suqin, LIN Caixia, QIAO Xu
    2025, 62(2): 412-418.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.018
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    【Objective】Endophytic fungi have a significant impact on the physiology, development and health of the host, can stimulate the germination and growth of the host plant, and play an important role in regulating the nutrient absorption and enhancing the stress resistance of the host plant. This study aims to reveal the effects of different planting patterns of one-year spring planting (SPS1), two-year spring continuous planting (SPS2) and one-year summer planting (SUS) on the fungal community structure of Isatidis root in Xinjiang. 【Methods】High throughput sequencing technology was used to identify and analyze endophytic fungi community structure of Radix isatidis root. 【Results】At the phylum level, endorhizoidal fungi were mainly composed of Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Olpidiomycota,Blastocladiomycota, Glomeromycota, Rozellomycota and Mucoromycota. Compared with SUS, SPS1 decreased the relative abundance of Neonectria and Penicillium significantly, but increased the relative abundance of Oedocephalum. SPS2 increased the abundences of Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota significantly, but significantly decreased the abundences of Mortierellomycota. However, it increased the relative abundance of Fusarium, Aspergillus, Acremonium, Gibberella and Bisifusarium. Compared with SPS1, SPS2 decreased the relative abundations of Mortierella and Plectosphaerella significantly, but increased the relative abundances of Fusarium, Acremonium and Neonectria. 【Conclusion】The population structure of endophytic fungi in isatidis root is different under different planting patterns. Continuous planting would decrease the abundance of beneficial fungi and increase the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi and increase the risk of continuous cropping obstacles.

    Correlation study of Turpan raisins between mineral contents and soil
    ZHOU Xiaoming, WANG Jingjing, PENG Jingyi, FANG Fang, SU Min, SUN Lei, GONG Zhiguo, WU Xinyu
    2025, 62(2): 419-425.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.019
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    【Objective】To study the distribution characteristics of mineral elements in raisins in Turpan and their correlation with the parents soil. 【Methods】The research objects were the Centennial Seedless raisins and their soil from 4 vineyards in Hongliuhe (Hong), Hailiqihan Manor (Hai), Research Institute of Grape and Melon (Ins), and Pizhan township (Pi) in Turpan. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the contents of 26 mineral elements in the samples. 【Results】The distribution pattern of soil mineral elements was relatively consistent among vineyards and between years, and the contents were Al>Fe>Ca>Na>K>Mg>Ti>Mn>Ba>Sr>V>Rb>Zn>Cu>As>Ce>Li>Cr>Y>Ni>Pb>La>Co>Sc>Cs>Mo, and there was a strong correlation between the mineral elements of the top soil and the parent soil. The mineral content of raisins showed different magnitudes, K (≥10,000 mg/kg); Ca, Mg, Na (1,000-100 mg/kg); Fe, Al (100-10 mg/kg); Sr, Rb, Cu, Mn, Ti, Zn(10-1 mg/kg); Ba, Mo, Li (1-0.1 mg/kg); Cr, V, Ni, Pb, As, Ce, Cs, Co, La, Y (0.1-0.01 mg/kg); Sc (<0.01 mg/kg). The enrichment of major elements in raisins in the four regions was K, Ca, Mg (Hong > Ins > Hai > Pi); Na (Pi > Hai > Ins > Hong); Fe (Ins > Hong > Pi > Hai). 【Conclusion】The correlations between the different mineral elements of raisins and each mineral element of the soil were more complex, with different degrees of positive and negative correlations.

    Facility Agriculture
    Experimental analysis of thermal insulation material of solar greenhouses in Xinjiang
    MA Yuehong, LI Baoming, WANG Pingzhi
    2025, 62(2): 426-435.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.020
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    【Objective】This project aims to clarify the basis for selecting the heat-retaining quilt material and choosing the heat-retaining quilt of every layer material suitable for the cost performance and safety of the greenhouse.The finding from research has provided a reasonable basis and reference for the design, selection, operation and maintenance of heat-retaining materials for the greenhouse.【Methods】The heat-retaining characteristics of the heat-retaining quilt were indicated by heat transfer coefficient, which was measured by using a static hot box test method. Under the status of one-dimensional stable heat transfer, the air temperature differences on both sides of the cover material specimen and the heat flow rate through the part were measured, and then the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer resistance of the cover material and other parameters related to heat-retaining performance were calculated by the heat flow rate.【Results】The more heat-retaining material in front of the greenhouse, the more heat transfer resistance, the smaller the heat transfer coefficient, and the better heat-retaining performance. Generally speaking, the heat transfer resistance was between 0.8 to 2.7 (m2·℃)/W. When selecting heat-retaining quilts, the main considerations were heat transfer resistance. The preferred outer material was waterproof material, the intermediate layer material was insulation cotton insulation quilt. Preferred outer material was non-woven fabric, intermediate layer material was pearl cotton, sandwich cotton insulation quilt. When the outer layer of insulation material was non-woven, the intermediate layer material in the quilt was to choose insulation cotton and wool mesh.【Conclusion】The outer layer material is waterproof material, the intermediate material is thermal insulation cotton insulation is suitable for Xinjiang solar greenhouse because of the good cost performance and safety.

    Study on basic physical and chemical properties of low energy consumption deep winter production solar greenhouse
    ZHANG Caihong, JIANG Luyan, WANG Guoqiang, LIU Tao, DE Xianming
    2025, 62(2): 436-445.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.021
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    【Objective】To explore the influence of low energy consumption assembled deep winter production solar greenhouse on indoor soil environment, in the hope of providing data support for the subsequent cultivation and environmental control of the new greenhouse.【Methods】In the study, the low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse (new greenhouse) was selected as the test greenhouse, and the ordinary brick wall structure solar greenhouse as the control greenhouse. The difference between the main soil environment of the test greenhouse and the control greenhouse was analyzed, and the method of soil stratification research was used to determine the leading factor.【Results】The results showed that the surface soil temperature of the new solar greenhouse increased by 30.1% and-50 to -60 cm by 20.85%, at the night, the soil temperature of the new solar greenhouse was significantly higher than that of the brick wall structure; The water content of different soil depths was compared with the traditional greenhouses, and all were significantly lower; At-10 cm soil depth, the new greenhouse soil water content was reduced by 11%; At a-20 cm soil depth, the new greenhouse soil moisture content was 13.29%; At the-30 cm soil depth, the new greenhouse soil water content was reduced by 2.68%; At a-40 cm soil depth, the new greenhouse soil water content was reduced by 6.63%; At a-50 cm soil depth, the new greenhouse soil water content was reduced by 8.07%; At the-60 cm soil depth, the soil moisture content of the new greenhouse was reduced by 10.74%. Compared with the traditional greenhouse, the total nitrogen content of the deep soil increased by 21.26%, the total soil carbon content increased by 12.07%, and the soil inorganic nitrogen content increased by 19.95%.【Conclusion】The new solar greenhouse has higher soil temperature and lower soil humidity during the winter night. At the same time, the new solar greenhouse can control the migration of nitrogen and other elements compared with the traditional solar greenhouse, which can not only better maintain the soil fertility of the cultivated layer, but also reduce the damage and pollution of deep soil and groundwater to a certain extent, and promote the green development of facility agriculture.

    Evaluation of fruit quality difference of sweet cherry under different cultivation modes in solar greenhouse in northern Xinjiang
    ZHANG Jinqiang, YANG Xiang, SU Xuede, WANG Huanhuan, LI Ming, LI Pengcheng
    2025, 62(2): 446-453.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.022
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    【Objective】To clarify the differences in fruit quality of sweet cherries under different cultivation modes in sunlight greenhouses and provide theoretical basis for research and scientific management of sweet cherry cultivation in sunlight greenhouses in northern Xinjiang.【Methods】This study focused on the main variety of sweet cherry Meizao grown in a sunlight greenhouse in northern Xinjiang. Comparing upright and one-sided modes of 24 quality indicators during fruit ripening were measured, and core indicators were selected through variance analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. A comprehensive quality evaluation model was established using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). 【Results】The results showed that there were differences in various indicators of sweet cherry fruit under different cultivation modes, among which sweetness value, edible rate, total acid, a*, and glucose were the core indicators for evaluating the quality of sweet cherry fruit; A sweet cherry fruit quality evaluation model Y (comprehensive score)=0.121 was established using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) × Standardized value of edible rate+0.075 × The standardized value of a*+0.199 × Normalized sweetness value+0.068 × Normalized value of total acid content+0.037 × Standardized value of glucose content.【Conclusion】The evaluation results show that the comprehensive fruit quality of the upright cultivation mode is relatively better than that of the one sided cultivation mode.

    Prataculture·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Agricultural Eeconomy
    Analysis and evaluation of morphological characteristics and yield of 10 Phleum pratense (L. ) plants
    HAN Xiqing, ZHANG Xianhua, YUAN Hui, XIONG Hui, SA Chenghui
    2025, 62(2): 454-462.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.023
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    【Objective】To study 9 wild Phleum pratense (L. ) from different regions of Xinjiang and 1 cultivated species with a view to analysis of the plant morphological characteristics and yield traits and evaluation the excellent germplasm materials for the cultivation of new varieties.【Methods】In this study, the homogeneous garden test and determination method were used to analyze and evaluate the excellent germplasm by principal component, clustering and grey correlation degree.【Results】(1) There were significant differences in other indexes among 10 Phleum pratense (L.) materials except for stem node number, panicle width and 1000-grain weight. The coefficient of variation was between 5.32 % and 30.15 %, and the variation of ear leaf distance was the largest. (2) In terms of yield traits, the forage yield was between 5,233.33 and 9,844.33 kg/hm2, and the seed yield was between 34.08 and 105.2 kg/hm2. (3) Forage yield was significantly positively correlated with flag leaf length and significantly negatively correlated with ear leaf spacing. There was a significant positive correlation between seed yield and plant height, a significant positive correlation between seed yield and stem diameter, leaf width and ear length, and a significant negative correlation between seed yield and ear leaf distance. There was no significant difference between 1000-grain weight and plant morphological characteristics. (4) The cumulative contribution rate of the first six principal components was 76.47 %. (5) T9 and T10 showed the highest plant, longer flag leaf, smallest ear leaf distance, larger ear, full seed, highest fresh grass yield and seed yield.【Conclusion】The characteristics of T9 and T10 are better than other materials, which can be used as the first choice for the selection of excellent germplasm materials.

    Above ground biomass evolution analysis of grassland in Ili River Basin based on landsat imagery
    LI Chao, FAN Tianwen, Tuerxunjiang Ailimubieke, HE Jun, LI Jianwei, WEN Jun, ZHANG Lin, JIN Guili, LI Ying, LIU Wenhao, WANG Shengju
    2025, 62(2): 463-473.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.024
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    【Objective】The evolution analysis of its grassland aboveground biomass (AGB) is of great significance for scientific understanding and rational utilization of grassland. 【Methods】The spatio-temporal characteristics and stability of grassland AGB in the basin and 10 counties and cities in the basin were analyzed, and the historical evolution regular of grassland was revealed by trend analysis and F-significance test.【Results】Among the established regression models, the quadratic function inversion model had the highest accuracy with a validation accuracy of 71.22%, which could be used for aboveground biomass inversion. From 1990 to 2022, the AGB of grassland in Ili River basin showed a trend of fluctuating increase, from 270.60 g/m2 in 1990 to 500.22 g/m2 in 2022, with an increase rate of 8.96 g/(m2·a), Xinyuan County had the fastest growth rate of 14.57 g/(m2·a), Khorgos City had the slowest increase rate of 4.33 g/(m2·a). In terms of spatial variation, the distribution pattern demonstrated a relatively high level in Xinyuan County and Nileke County in the east, Gongliu County, Zhaosu County in the south, Yining County in the north, while a relatively low level in Huocheng County, Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County, and Gongliu County in the west. In terms of the change trend, grassland AGB mainly focusee on improvement, accounting for 59.67% of the total grassland area.【Conclusion】In general, in the past 33 years, the grassland AGB in Ili River basin has shown a state of ‘mostly improved, locally stable and slightly degraded’. The ‘warming and humidification’ of climate, the improvement and implementation of grassland protection policies have provided favorable conditions for the better grassland AGB.

    Effects of mixed sowing of Medicago sativa and Agropyron cristatum on forage quality
    XU Yingyue, HOU Yurong, ZHOU Chenye, WANG Jing, LI Youzheng, ZHOU Qi, LAN Jiyong, KE Mei, WEI Peng, WANG yuxiang
    2025, 62(2): 474-483.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.025
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    【Objective】To screen the optimal mixed seeding ratio of Medicago sativa and Agropyron cristatum in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the establishment of high quality artificial grassland in northern Xinjiang.【Methods】The effects of mixed sowing of legume and grass on forage quality were analyzed by means of forage nutrient index detection technique and mathematical statistics method. The ratios of legume-grass mixtures of the seven treatments were A (3∶7), B (4∶6), C (5∶5), D (6∶4), E (7∶3), M. sativa and A. cristatum. 【Results】There were significant differences in forage nutrition quality and proportion of mixed sowing in mixed sowing year, and the crude fat content of mixed sowing treatment was significantly increased compared with that of single sowing of alfalfa (P<0.05). Under C (5∶5) treatment, the contents of neutral and acid detergent fibers were lower (38.64% and 27.51%, respectively), crude protein content was 19.01%, total carbon, total nitrogen content and soluble sugar content were higher (40.21%, 3.04% and 41.77%, respectively). The results of the comprehensive evaluation of grey correlation degree for different treatments were BC > C (5∶5) > A (3∶7) > D (6∶4) > E (7∶3) > B (4∶6) > MX.【Conclusion】 M. sativa and A. cristatum can improve the nutritional quality of herbage, and the nutritional quality of mixed sowing herbage is better than that of MX, and the best mixed sowing ratio of 5∶5 is used in the mixed sowing treatments.

    Comparative analysis of lactation patterns of Xinjiang Donkey in Eastern Xinjiang Region and Xinjiang Donkey in Southern Xinjiang Region
    ZHANG Guowei, CHEN Bin, LIU Wujun
    2025, 62(2): 484-493.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.026
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    【Objective】To study the difference of milk yield and lactation regularity of Comparative analysis of lactation patterns of Xinjiang Donkey in Eastern Xinjiang Region and Xinjiang Donkey in Southern Xinjiang Region.【Methods】In this study, 65 healthy Xinjiang Donkey in Eastern Xinjiang Region were selected from half house feeding and half grazing. 70 farmed Xinjiang Donkey in Southorn Xinjiang whose lactation curve was fitted by inverse polynomial model, cubic model and sixth-degree polynomial model to explore the difference of lactation regularity of donkeys in different areas of Xinjiang. The optimal regression model was established based on body size traits and average monthly milk yield, which was used as the prediction model of milk level under semi-grazing and semi-house feeding conditions. 【Results】The results showed that the sixth-degree polynomial model had the best fitting effect on the lactation curve of Xinjiang donkeys. The lactation peak was longer in eastern Xinjiang, and the average daily milk yield and peak milk yield of Xinjiang Donkey in Eastern Xinjiang Region were better than that of Xinjiang Donkey in Southorn Xinjiang. The regression model of body size and milk yield in eastern Xinjiang could be used as a prediction model of lactation level under semi-grazing and semi-house feeding condition【Conclusion】The lactation performance of semi-herding and semi-herding Xinjiang Donkey in Eastern Xinjiang Region is better than that of the donkeys in southern Xinjiang.

    Comparative analysis of meat quality of Bayinbruk sheep of different months of age under natural grazing conditions
    ZHENG Peiyu, Aminiguli , Aierdengbatu , Aoyunbateer , TANG Liping, ZHANG Yanwei, XIE Mengwan, DI Jiang, YU Lijuan
    2025, 62(2): 494-501.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.027
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    【Objective】To compare the meat quality and characteristics of Bayinbuluk sheep of different months old under natural grazing conditions. 【Methods】Six 6-month and 9-month-old male lambs under natural grazing conditions were randomly selected for slaughter, and the pH, chromaticity, cooking loss, shear force, conventional nutrients, amino acids and fatty acids contents of the longest dorsal muscle were determined and analyzed. 【Results】The meat brightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b* values) and shear force values at 9-month-old were extremely significantly higher than those at 6-month-old (P<0.01), and the pH and cooking loss had no significant differences; The meat composition of protein, fat, and water had no significant differences between 6-months-old and 9 -months-old (P>0.05), the essential, nonessential and total amino acids content were extremely significant higher at 6-months-old than at 9-months-old (P<0.01), and the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was significant higher at 9-months-old than at 6-month-old (P<0.01).【Conclusion】There is a big difference in meat quality and nutrient composition between Bayinbruk lambs of different months old, the meat from 6-months-old lambs is of good tenderness, and that from 9-months-old lamb has the perfect lustrousness and good nutritional value. The quality and nutrition of different months at 6 months is of good quality and high tenderness; that at 9 months has bright luster and high nutritional value.

    Monitoring of Porcine circovirus (PCV) types 2 and 3 in some large-scale pig farms in Xinjiang
    QI Weiyi, XU Heng, LIU Yingyu, ZHENG Pei, XIA Lining, LIU Junfei
    2025, 62(2): 502-509.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.028
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    【Objective】To investigate the prevalence of Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Xinjiang. 【Methods】From October 2022 to September 2023, 1403 samples from 7 large-scale pig farms were detected and sequenced by fluorescent quantitative PCR. 【Results】The overall positive rate of PCV2 was 3.20%(45/1403), the overall positive rate of PCV3 was 33.00%(463/1403), and the combined infection rate of PCV2 and PCV3 was 7.84%(11/1403). The positive detection rate of PCV2 and PCV3 in C field was the highest, with PCV2 7.46%(10/134), PCV3 64.18%(36/134), and PCV2 and PCV3 mixed infection rate 3.73%(5/134). The positive rate of PCV2 and PCV3 was the highest, and the positive rate of PCV2 was 4.78%(25/523). The detection rate of PCV3 was 57.36%(300/523). The detection rates of PCV2 and PCV3 were high in all seasons, and the PCV3 strain was PCV3b and PCV3c. 【Conclusion】PCV3 infection has been found in some large-scale pig farms in Xinjiang and the prevalence rate of PCV3 is much higher than that of PCV2, and PCV3 strain is PCV3b and PCV3c.

    An empirical study on the level and efficiency of efficient water-saving irrigation integrated management
    LIU Xiaomei, GUAN Quanli, QIN Xiangyu, ZHANG Siyuan
    2025, 62(2): 510-520.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.029
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    【Objective】This project aims to study the application of integrated management in efficient water-saving irrigation, and realize the integrated construction and management of managers, water suppliers and water users of efficient water-saving irrigation by improving relevant management mechanisms and methods so as to provide references for improving the management efficiency and promoting the integrated development of efficient water-saving irrigation.【Methods】Field research was carried out in Xayar County, Xinjiang, where efficient water-saving irrigation was implemented. By introducing the concept of integrated management, the whole operation mechanism of efficient water-saving irrigation was analyzed, a coordination degree model and a stochastic frontier production function model were constructed, and the integrated management level and efficiency of efficient water-saving irrigation were calculated respectively. Based on this, the Tobit model was used and the influence of integrated management level of efficient water-saving irrigation on efficiency was further analyzed.【Results】In Xayar County, the interaction between managers, water suppliers and water users was strong, but the cooperation ability was generally in the basic coordination stage, and there were great differences in management efficiency among individual towns, needing to improve the overall management efficiency. 【Conclusion】The integrated management level of efficient water-saving irrigation had significant positive impact on integrated management level of highly efficient and water-saving irrigation.