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20 September 2025, Volume 62 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Cultivation · Physiology and Biochemistry
Crop Genetics and Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics
Plant Protection · Agricultural Microbiology · Agricultural Resources and Environment
Agricultural Products Processing · Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine
Prataculture · Forestry Remote Sensing · Precision Agriculture


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Crop Cultivation · Physiology and Biochemistry

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Effects of different straw return amounts on soil physicochemical properties and cotton growth in cotton fields in arid areas FANG Baihan, WU Yibo, YANG Songxiang, MIN Wei 2025, 62(9): 2081-2091.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2033KB) ( )   Objective This study aims to investigate the impact of varying quantities of cotton straw returned to the soil on soil physical and chemical properties, cotton growth, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, with the objective of providing a theoretical foundation for the rational use of straw resources and sustainable agricultural development.Methods The experiment comprised four treatments: no straw return (N300), half-straw return (50%ST), full-straw return (100%ST), and double-straw return (200%ST).Results In comparison to the N300 treatment, both 100%ST and 200%ST treatments significantly increased soil porosity, water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content while notably reducing soil bulk density and pH value. As the quantity of straw returned to the soil increased, cotton plant height, Chlorophyll value, biomass production, seed cotton yield, nitrogen uptake showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. Relative to N300 treatment, the 100%ST treatment led to a 29.23% increase in total biomass production, a 15.38% increase in seed cotton yield, and a 45.89% improvement in nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.Conclusion Returning straw to the soil enhances its physical and chemical properties, augments soil nutrient levels, stimulates cotton growth and nutrient absorption, thereby elevating both cotton yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate; among all treatments tested, full-straw return exhibits superior efficacy.

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Effects of harvesting area on seed vigor and seedling characteristics of different cotton varieties Guliayati Mamuti, Mierzhati Mutalifu, Xieyidai Yiming, KOU Xuemeng, Reheman Aili, SHI Shubing 2025, 62(9): 2092-2099.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (650KB) ( )   Objective By studying the variation patterns of seed vigor of different cotton varieties in different harvest areas, a theoretical basis is provided for the production of high-vigor cotton seeds. Methods Four varieties, namely Xinluzao 61 (B1), Xinluzhong 70 (B2), Lumian 28 (B3), and Zhongmian 88 (B4), were selected as the test materials and planted in two ecological sites, 16th Regiment of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (A1) and Dongying, Shandong (A2). After harvest, standard germination tests were conducted in the laboratory to investigate the effects of harvest areas and varieties on seed vigor, root traits, seedling traits, and the physiological and biochemical characteristics. Results The seed vigor and physiological indicators of cotton seeds from A1 harvest area were significantly better than those from A2 harvest area. The average increase in vigor indicators was 17.66%～46.68%, the average decrease in electrical conductivity was 2.56%～9.53%, and the enzyme activity and storage substance content were higher than those in A2 harvest area. Among them, B3 had the highest germination potential and germination index in both areas, and the largest seedling dry weight; B4 had the best germination rate and vigor index in A2 harvest area, and the largest root volume; B1 had the highest root surface area in A1 harvest area. Conclusion A1 harvest area is more conducive to improving the comprehensive vigor and stress resistance physiological characteristics of cotton seeds. It is recommended to prioritize the planting of B3 variety in A1 harvest area to obtain the highest seed vigor, while B4 variety is recommended in A2 harvest area to achieve better germination and vigor performance.

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Effects of top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution YAO Qingqing, LUO Jing, SUN Huijian, DU Shanshan, HE Zhongsheng 2025, 62(9): 2100-2108.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1084KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the impact of varying nitrogen fertilizer rates on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution under the (66+10) cm planting mode, aiming to provide scientific basis for improving cotton nitrogen fertilizer application and high-yield cultivation technology in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang.Methods The field experiment was carried out by using local major cotton varieties Ba 43541 in Korla experimental field during the years 2021 and 2022.The experiment included four treatments with four different nitrogen levels 0, 112.5, 225.0, 337.5 kg/hm2. Plant samples at the key growth period were collected to measure the contents of dry matter and nitrogen, analyze the trend of accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen in cotton and the relationship between the two and their yields. Results With the development of the growth process, the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen showed an "S" type increasing trend, the proportion of dry matter and nitrogen in the vegetative organs decreased gradually, while the proportion of reproductive organs increased gradually. With the increase of N application rate, the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen increased, and the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in cotton reached the highest when the nitrogen level was 337.5 kg/hm2, but the distribution proportion of reproductive organs was the highest when the nitrogen level was 112.5 kg/hm2. The seed cotton yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, and the seed cotton yield was the highest when the nitrogen level was 112.5 kg/hm2. Conclusion At different nitrogen levels, the accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter increases with the increase of nitrogen. The nitrogen level of 112.5 kg/hm2 is more conducive to the increase of nitrogen and dry matter distribution proportion of cotton reproductive organs, thus leading to the high yield of Ba 43541.

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Effect of low temperature stress on cotton seed germination and evaluation of cold tolerance variation ZENG Xiaofan, ZHOU Xiaoyun, ZHANG Xueying, ZHANG Jungao, LIANG Jing, GONG Jingyun, LI Kemei, LEI Bin 2025, 62(9): 2109-2118.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1899KB) ( )   Objective Aimed to investigate the response of cotton seeds to low temperature stress during germination and to comprehensively evaluate the cold tolerance of different varieties using multiple indicators.Methods 18 cotton varieties were subjected to low-temperature stress. Germination potential, germination rate, germination index, hypocotyl length, main root length, above-ground and underground dry/fresh weight, and the physiological and biochemical characteristics were measured. Differences in germination-related indicators among varieties were analyzed, and cold resistance during the germination was comprehensively evaluated using fuzzy membership function method.Results Based on indoor germination tests and physiological biochemical indices, the 18 cotton varieties were classified into four groups: Xinshixuan 122 and Xinshixuan 172 were identified as highly cold- tolerant during low-temperature germination; Xinluzhong 75, Guojian variety J206-5, Xinluzao 50, Xinluzhong 88, Zhongmian 127, and Zhuangjiahan 962 were classified as cold- tolerant; Xinluzao 61, Xinshixuan 132, Xinshi 518, and Xinluzao 73 were evaluated as low- cold-tolerant, Xinnongmian 1, Xinluzhong 33, Xinluzhong 82, Xinluzao 57, Xinshixuan 162, and Xinnongmian 2 were identified as cold-sensitive during germination under low temperature. Conclusion Cold-tolerant cotton varieties adapt to low-temperature stress by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, accumulating osmoregulatory substances, and alleviating membrane lipid peroxidation. Among the tested genotypes, Xinshixuan 122 and Xinshixuan 172 demonstrated the most promising performance, suggesting their potential as valuable germplasm resources for breeding cold-tolerant cotton cultivars.

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Response of different nitrogen application rates to drought stress in summer soybean at flowering and pod stage JIAO Jinbao, Tabaola, ZHANG Jiaoyang, Nadire Yisilamujiang, YU Rong, LIU Jianguo 2025, 62(9): 2119-2125.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1172KB) ( )   Objective Nitrogen application is one of the effective ways to alleviate the damage of drought stress on cropping soybean in arid areas. This research aims to study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on physiological growth and yield of drip irrigated cropping soybean in the hope of providing basis for improving the ability of cropping soybean to adjust to adverse conditions.Methods A two-factor split-plot experiment was conducted with Heihe 45 as the experimental material. The main plot was divided into two irrigation levels, i.e., conventional irrigation level (SF 4500 m3/hm2) and drought stress (SD 3600 m3/hm2); the subplot was divided into three nitrogen levels, i.e., low nitrogen (N1 105 kg/hm2), medium nitrogen (N2 150 kg/hm2), high nitrogen 195 kg/hm2 (N3).Results During the flowering and podding stage of cropping soybean, drought stress inhibited plant growth, increased pod shedding rate, and decreased yield. Under drought stress, increasing nitrogen application could promote the growth of repeated sowing soybean, enhance the activities of nitrogen metabolic enzymes (NR, GS), and reduce the pod shedding rate. With the increase of nitrogen application, the yield of cropping soybean was increased, and the yield of N3 and N2 treatments was increased by 37.51% and 9.13% compared with N1.Conclusion Increasing nitrogen application has a compensatory effect on the growth of cropping soybean under drought stress, which is beneficial to the morphological construction of soybean plants, enhance the activities of nitrogen metabolic enzymes, reduce the pod shedding rate and increase the yield. Therefore, increasing nitrogen application has a good mitigating effect on the adverse environment of cropping soybean in the pod stage in northern areas of Xinjiang.

Crop Genetics and Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics

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Identification of the GPATs gene family in tomato and expression analysis under low temperature stress MENG Qingyuan, WANG Zhongyu, WANG Jintao, YU Qinghui, LI Ning 2025, 62(9): 2126-2137.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1710KB) ( )   Objective To identify tomato GPATs gene family members and analyze gene expression patterns in order to provide a basis for functional studies of individual members of the tomato GPATs gene family.Methods Fifteen SlGPAT members were identified in tomato by bioinformatic analysis, and analyses of physicochemical properties, gene structure, phylogeny, covariance, and cis-acting elements were carried out, as well as analysis of the expression pattern of the SlGPAT genes in response to low-temperature stress using qPCR.Results Tomato SlGPAT was unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes, and most of them were localized in plastids and were basic proteins. Phylogenetic relationships revealed that tomato GPATs could be classified into three clusters, and genes with the same conserved structural domains had similar gene structures; collinearity analysis revealed that there was gene duplication in the SlGPAT gene family, suggesting that the GPAT gene may have amplified family members through duplication during the evolutionary process; analysis of cis-acting elements revealed that the SlGPATs gene contains cis-acting elements associated with photoreactions, plant hormones, and abiotic stress. The qPCR analysis revealed that half of the SlGPAT genes were up-regulated under low-temperature stress, and the expression of SlGPAT12 reached the maximum at 24 h, which was 32 times higher than that at 0 h.Conclusion This study provides insights into the functional roles of tomato GPAT genes and identifies important candidate genes for genetic improvement of fatty acid metabolism in tomatoes.

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Cloning and preliminary functional analysis of MfWRKY40 gene in Medicago falcata L. JIANG Zhihu, LI Qian, PANG Yongzhen, JIANG Wenbo, ZHANG Xueli, DUAN Wei, WANG Yuxiang 2025, 62(9): 2138-2149.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (2487KB) ( )   Objective To explore the function of the MfWRKY40 gene in Medicago falcata L. and to investigate the functional mechanism of the WRKY40 homologous gene in plants. Methods The full length of MfWRKY40 gene was successfully cloned from alfalfa using PCR technology, and bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization, and expression pattern analysis were performed. Results The MfWRKY40 gene related to alfalfa was discovered, with an ORF containing 954 bases and encoding 317 amino acids. This gene does not contain transmembrane regions or signal sequences. Peptides are a protein structure with hydrophilicity. Since the secondary structure of the protein consists mainly of helices and random convolutions, some basic results have been obtained from predictive analyses of the protein's tertiary structure. These results have a high degree of confidence and have confirmed that the protein has a total of 44 phosphorylation sites, and of these sites, the serine phosphorylation sites are the most numerous. Through subcellular localization analysis, the MfWRKY40 protein is located in the nucleus. Based on the results of phylogenetic tree analyses, it can be seen that the MfWRKY40 protein is evolutionarily closely related to the alfalfa protein. Through RT qPCR detection, it was confirmed that the MfWRKY40 gene is most significantly expressed in the leaves, followed by the roots, and has lower expression in the flowers and stems. Therefore, the MfWRKY40 gene mainly plays a role in the leaves and roots. Conclusion The cloning of the CDS sequence of the MfWRKY40 gene has been successfully achieved and the amino acid sequence of the gene has been characterised bioinformatically, subcellular localization, and expression pattern characteristics of the amino acid sequence encoded by this gene were analyzed, providing theoretical support for further exploring the function of the MfWRKY40 gene in alfalfa.

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Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of VvWRKY11 and VvWRKY75 from Red Earth Grape ZHENG Suhui, HE Qing, ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Ting, PAN Yan 2025, 62(9): 2150-2160.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1481KB) ( )   Objective To clone the full-length transcription factors VvWRKY11 and VvWRKY75 in Red Earth Grape berries and study their sequence characteristics in the hope of laying the foundation for the study of the role and function of these transcription factors in grape berries' disease resistance. Methods Based on the transcriptome sequencing data of pre-harvest SA sprayed grapes, we screened and cloned two WRKY transcription factors, VvWRKY11 and VvWRKY75, which were significantly differentially expressed in SA-induced fruit in response to Staphylococcus griseus, and then further analyzed the sequences of VvWRKY11 and VvWRKY75 by bioinformatics methods. Results The full length of VvWRKY11 and VvWRKY75 gene sequences were 1 075 and 965 bp, respectively, with open reading frames of 894 and 570 bp, encoding 297 and 189 amino acids, respectively, and with termination codons TGA and TAA, respectively, and with predicted relative molecular weights of 32.36 and 21.26 kD, respectively, and theoretical isoelectric points of 9.73 and 9.13, both of which were unstable hydrophilic proteins. The secondary structures of both grape VvWRKY11 and VvWRKY75 proteins consist mainly of irregularly coiled and α-helices, and the promoters of both genes contain hormone-responsive elements such as the W-box, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and abscisic acid. Conclusion The full-length coding sequences of the Red Earth Grape transcription factors VvWRKY11 and VvWRKY75 genes are obtained, and the structural features of the sequences are explored.

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The analyses of the mechanism of B. velezensis RT2 on early blight of capsicum based on whole genome sequencing GAO Shuaijun, LUO Wenfang, HE Wei, ZHOU Junhui, HUANG Xin, XU Jianjun, LI Kemei 2025, 62(9): 2161-2169.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (2269KB) ( )   Objective To analyze the RT2 genome sequence of B. velezensis with a view to exploring the mechanism of its function in early blight of capsicum.Methods PacBio sequencing technology was applied, and the whole genome of B. velezensis RT2 was combined to predict and annotate the secondary metabolite gene clusters. Results The whole genome length, GC content and coding genes of RT2 were 3 932 504 bp, 46.53%, 3 725, 86 tRNA, 81 sRNA and 27 rRNA, respectively. 7 prophages, 2 CRISPR-Cas and 9 genomic islands were discovered in strain RT2. Functional annotations of 3 711, 2 592, 2 151, 2 961, 3 332 and 2 812 genes were obtained in the NR, GO, KEGG, eggNOG, Pfam and Swiss-Prot databases, respectively. In CA-Zyme, chitinase and other enzyme genes can degrade the fungal cell wall. In addition, gene clusters encoding bacteriostatic substances for RT2 were predicted, eight of which showed high conserved activity in RT2. Conclusion The genome of B. velezensis RT2 encodes multiple synthetic gene clusters that produce antimicrobial active secondary metabolites and also contains key genes that break down the cell wall of pathogenic fungi. These characteristics are important factors for RT2 to resist early phytophthora capsicum.

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Accurate identification and comprehensive evaluation of fiber quality traits of cotton germplasm resources ZHENG Zipiao, ZHANG Dawei, Nusireti Wusiman , WEI Xin, Aerman Abulimiti , MA Qingqian, CUI Jianping, LIN Tao, GUO Rensong, ZHANG Na, WANG Liang, XU Haijiang 2025, 62(9): 2170-2177.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (556KB) ( )   Objective The objective of this study is to make full use of cotton germplasm resources and promote fiber quality breeding in the hope of providing suitable spinning and high-quality fiber raw materials for the textile industry.Methods 180 collected cotton germplasm resources were applied as research materials to analyze their main fiber quality traits. Results 8 quality traits of 180 cotton resources variations ranged from 1.29% to 20.33%. There were significant differences in fiber quality traits among different materials and the genetic variation of tested materials was rich. The correlation analysis showed that fiber length was significantly positively correlated to textile consistency index, fiber strength and uniformity index. Uniformity index was significantly positively correlated to textile consistency index, fiber strength and breaking elongation. Fiber strength was significantly positively correlated to textile consistency index. Breaking elongation was significantly positively correlated to maturity index. Maturity index was significantly positively correlated to micronaire. Principal component analysis divided fiber quality traits into three principal components, which might be regarded as textile consistency index factor, maturity index factor and micronaire factor. The cumulative contribution rate of the extracted three principal components was 89.65%. Cluster analysis classified the 180 tested materials into five clusters based on the two-years average of 8 fiber quality traits. Conclusion The participating cotton germplasm resources are rich in genetic diversity, and the 8 quality traits of 180 cotton resources display a higher genetic variability. By cluster analysis, the 180 participating materials are divided into 5 categories. In practice, it can be comprehensively analyzed and utilized according to the target use, so as to provide the textile industry with excellent quality and spinning fiber raw materials.

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Classification of quantitative characteristics in the DUS Test of sainfoin JIANG You, WANG Yuxiang, CHEN Aiping, ZHANG Bo, LI Chenjian 2025, 62(9): 2178-2189.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1181KB) ( )   Objective The quantitative characteristics of sainfoin are easily affected by environmental conditions. In order to successfully carry out the DUS test of sainfoin, it is necessary to properly grade the expression status of quantitative characteristics. Methods Following the sainfoin DUS test guideline, 13 quantitative characteristics of 76 sainfoin germplasm resources were observed, and the expression status of each quantitative characteristic was reasonably graded. Results The variation range of 13 quantitative characteristics was from 6.36% to 70.58%. By using the least significant difference method, the pod length was divided into 3 grades, the number of leaflets, the compound leaf length and the spike length were divided into 5 grades, the internode length and the pod width were divided into 7 grades, and the plant height and 100 grain weight were divided into 9 grades. Using the range method, the branching was divided into 7 grades, and the flowering stage, stem diameter, blade length and blade width were divided into 9 grades. Through cluster analysis, 76 sainfoin resources could be divided into 3 major taxa. Taxa I contained 18 materials, accounting for 24%; taxa II contained 23 materials, accounting for 30%; and taxa III contained 35 materials, accounting for 46%.Conclusion This study established a preliminary classification index for the 13 quantitative characteristics of sainfoin germplasm resources which has provided a scientific basis for the DUS testing of sainfoin in China.

Plant Protection · Agricultural Microbiology · Agricultural Resources and Environment

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Effects of different temperature gradients on growth and development of black spot aphid in walnut Chromaphis juglandicola WANG Jingwen, HE Mengzhu, LU Wei, ZHU Xiaofeng, LI Haiqiang 2025, 62(9): 2190-2195.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (596KB) ( )   Objective To clarify the effects of different temperatures on the growth, development and fecundity of C. juglandicola.Methods This study constructed life tables for C. juglandicola populations under seven temperature gradient conditions: 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33 ℃.Results Under 15 and 33 ℃ conditions, the mortality rate of C. juglandicola significantly increases from the third instar, with all fourth-instar individuals dying before completing their life cycle. The developmental duration reaches a maximum of 13.59 days at 18 ℃ and a minimum of 9.96 days at 24 ℃. Reproductive capacity reached a maximum of 9.77 heads at 24 ℃ and a minimum of 3.92 heads at 30 ℃. Survival rates initially rise but then decrease with temperature increases. Developmental rates also show an upward trend followed by a decline, with 15 and 33 ℃ significantly inhibiting C. juglandicola growth. Intrinsic growth rates at 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 ℃ were 0.10, 0.09, 0.15, 0.12 and 0.10, respectively, while average generation cycles were 9.37, 9.37, 5.47, 4.97 and 15.60 days. At 24 ℃, intrinsic growth rate peaked at 0.15. Conclusion When the temperature is at 15 and 33 ℃, C. juglandicola cannot complete the life history, when the temperature is at 24 ℃, the fecundity is the largest. Intrinsic growth rate is the highest. Therefore, 24 ℃ is the optimal temperature for the growth and development of walnut aphids C. juglandicola.

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Nitrate nitrogen leaching mechanism of soil under drip spring irrigation in saline-alkali soil mulching XU Juanjuan, PU Shenghai, WANG Zeyu, LIU Xiaoli, CHEN Jing, GOU Yanru, LI Yang, XU Yongmei, JI Lili, LI Ning, MA Xingwang 2025, 62(9): 2196-2208.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1522KB) ( )   Objective Exploring the leaching mechanism of soil water and nitrogen migration under drip spring irrigation, which may provide a theoretical basis for salt control and nitrogen conservation in saline-alkali land. Methods The effects of different irrigation quotas (W1: 750 m3/hm2, W2: 1200 m3/hm2, W3: 1500 m3/hm2, W4: 1800 m3/hm2, W5: 2250 m3/hm2) on soil water and nitrogen leaching in 0～100 cm soil layer were compared and analyzed by field experiments, and 2 250 m3/hm2 was used as control. Results The soil moisture content under drip irrigation was as follows: narrow rows > wide rows between > films, and the moisture content of the corresponding positions increased with the increase of irrigation quotas, and the positions of wide rows and narrow rows in the membrane gradually approached, tending to the maximum soil water holding capacity. The nitrate nitrogen content in the soil profile showed that the intermembrane > furrow irrigation > in the membrane, and the larger the irrigation quota, the lower the nitrate nitrogen content of the corresponding soil layer. Under the same irrigation conditions, the nitrate nitrogen leaching in the membrane was larger under the drip irrigation method, and the inter-membrane aggregation or a small amount of leaching was greater, and the total nitrate nitrogen leaching was > in the intermembrane > than that in the furrow irrigation under the irrigation rate of 2 250 m3/hm2, and the nitrate nitrogen leaching was reduced by 8.11% compared with the furrow irrigation under the irrigation quota of 2 250 m3/hm2. Conclusion In the good irrigation or canal irrigation areas with water source guarantee and complete drip irrigation system, the spring irrigation method of film drip irrigation can reduce the spring irrigation quota by more than 20% and reduce the nitrogen leaching loss by 35.77%, which will effectively prevent and control nitrogen pollution of groundwater and indirectly improve the reuse efficiency of soil residual nitrate nitrogen.

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Effect of deep loosening and barrier breaking on salt washing of heavy saline soil at adhesive layer HUANG Jian, ZHANG Yuling, ZHANG Hongxia, WANG Zhiguo, QI Tong, MENG Ajing 2025, 62(9): 2209-2220.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (3290KB) ( )   Objective Exploring the salt washing effect of deep loosening and barrier-breaking on heavy saline soil with clay interlayer. Methods The heavy sulfate-chloride saline-alkali cultivated land was taken as the research object and the physical soil structure method of mechanical deep loosening was adopted to break the obstacle layers at different depths, thereby realizing flood irrigation for salt washing. Results The overall change in pH before and after irrigation was not obvious. The total salt reduction on the surface of the deep loosening area was 79.63%, while that in the non-deep loosening area was 43.68%. This indicated that deep loosening and obstacle-breaking helped the soil salts to be irrigated from top to bottom to the lower layer and significantly reduced the salt content on the soil surface. Deep loosening and barrier-breaking could effectively promote the irrigation of Cl–, Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and other ions to the lower layer, but had little impact on SO42– at the depths of 0～–20 and –80～–100 cm. After deep loosening, SO42– at the depths of –20～–40 and –40～–60 cm was leached to the lower layer, and at the same time, the salt type at the depth of –40～–80 cm was changed, turning sulfate saline soil into chloride-sulfate saline soil. Except that the desalination rate of the soil layer at –20～–40 cm was less than 0%, the desalination rates of the other soil layers in the deep loosening area were significantly higher than those in the non-deep loosening area, with an increase range of 27.69%～35.53%.Conclusion Deep loosening and obstacle-breaking can significantly improve the leaching of soil salts in the deep loosening area, reduce the salt content on the surface layer, and increase the desalination rate.

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Analysis of soil microbial diversity of cotton-peanut rotation intercropping rhizosphere after long-term positioning CUI Fuyang, HOU Xianfei, CHEN Xiaolu, LI Qiang, MIAO Haocui, LIU Jingyi, GU YuanGuo, JIA DongHai 2025, 62(9): 2221-2232.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1408KB) ( )   Objective To explore the diversity of soil rhizosphere microorganisms and metabolic functions in cotton-peanut rotation systems.Methods The composition of microbial communities and functional genes in the rhizosphere soil of cotton and peanut rotation (continuous cropping) were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing technology.Results There were significant differences in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between peanut-cotton rotation (HR), cotton-peanut rotation (MR), peanut continuous cropping (HC), and cotton continuous cropping (MC), with 83 OTUs being the same. Alpha and Beta diversity analyses revealed that the HR system had the highest species diversity. The Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NR) results showed that bacteria accounted for 90.95% of the microbiota, with Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria being the main core microbial communities. In the HR system, Actinobacteria and Nitrospiraehad covered higher proportions. In the HR system, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was also high, and the soil was acidic, and the activity of membrane transport genes was high. The relative abundance of genes involved in carbon metabolism pathways was higher in the HR group than that in the control group; the relative abundance of carbohydrate active enzymes GH accounted for 33.4% of the total, and GT accounted for 41.0% of the total, with significant differences.Conclusion Cotton and peanut rotation increase the richness of carbohydrate active enzymes in the rhizosphere soil microorganisms and genes of main metabolic pathways, change the soil environment, and effectively increase the diversity of soil microbial communities.

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Allelic variation detection and distribution of wheat grain superoxide dismutase TaSOD-B1 gene HOU Peike, CHENG Yukun, SUN Ling, WANG Jianpeng, LEI Junjie, GENG Hongwei 2025, 62(9): 2233-2239.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (577KB) ( )   Objective Exploring the correlation between the activity of superoxide dismutase in wheat grain and the allelic variation of TaSOD-B1 gene locus, and analyzing the distribution of TaSOD-B1a and TaSOD-B1b genotypes, which is the basis of genetic improvement of wheat breeding and quality in Xinjiang. Methods A set of functional marker primers SOD-5B1 was used to detect the TaSOD-B1 gene loci of 101 Xinjiang wheat varieties (lines). Combined with the measured SOD activity of Xinjiang wheat grains, the effects of TaSOD-B1a and TaSOD-B1b allelic variation on the SOD activity of wheat grains were analyzed, and the effectiveness of functional markers of TaSOD-B1 gene loci was verified. Meanwhile, the distribution of allelic variation of TaSOD-B1 gene in Xinjiang wheat materials was analyzed.Results In Xinjiang wheat materials, the SOD activity of TaSOD-B1a genotype materials was significantly P introduced varieties (lines) > self-bred varieties (lines); three of the spring wheat varieties (lines) in Xinjiang had the TaSOD-B1a genotype, and the early varieties (lines) did not contain the TaSOD-B1a genotype. The SOD activity of winter wheat varieties (lines) with TaSOD-B1a genotype in Xinjiang was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that with TaSOD-B1b genotype. Among them, the SOD activity of the materials with TaSOD-B1a genotype in the introduced varieties (lines) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the materials with TaSOD-B1b genotype.Conclusion The wheat varieties (lines) in Xinjiang mainly contained TaSOD-B1b genotype related to low SOD activity. The functional marker primer SOD-5B1 can effectively distinguish the level of SOD activity in wheat grains, and then can be effectively selected materials with allelic variation types related to high SOD activity, and further promote the genetic improvement of wheat quality in Xinjiang.

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Optimization of polysaccharide extraction process and hepatocyte protection effect of P. eryngii var. ferulae WANG Zi, YUE Jing, MA Yuan, YU Na, LYU Jie 2025, 62(9): 2240-2250.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1107KB) ( )   Objective The purpose of this study is to optimize the extraction process of intracellular polysaccharides from liquid fermented P. eryngii var. ferulae mycelium by response surface analysis and explore the effects of polysaccharides on the proliferation and antioxidant effects of WRL68 cells. Methods Taking the P.eryngii var. ferulae strain as the research object, a single-factor experiment combined with response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process of intracellular polysaccharides from P.eryngii var.ferulae. The solid-liquid ratio, temperature, ultrasonic time, extraction time and extraction times were selected for single factor experiments, and the intracellular polysaccharide extraction process of P. eryngii var. ferulae was optimized by the response surface method. Meanwhile, tetrazolium salt method was used to analyze its protective effect on WRL68 cell injury. Results Single factor and response surface optimization experiments were carried out on the mycelial polysaccharides of P. eryngii var. ferulae to optimize the polysaccharide extraction process. After optimization, the extraction process of P. eryngii var. ferulae mycelium polysaccharide was 40:1 mL/g liquid ratio, the extraction temperature was 68 ℃, the ultrasonic time was 38 min, the extraction time was 2 h, the extraction was repeated 4 times. Finally, the yield of polysaccharides under optimized process conditions was 30.8%, which was 150.2% higher compared to that before the optimization. At the same time, the scavenging ability of polysaccharides to DPPH, ·OH- and ·O2- free radicals was measured, and the results showed that P. eryngii var. ferulae polysaccharides had good antioxidant activity in vitro. In addition, 600 μg/mL concentration of P. eryngii var. ferulae polysaccharides significantly promoted the proliferation of WRL68 cells with a cell survival rate reaching 147.528% and had a significant protective effect on hepatocyte oxidative damage caused by H2O2. Conclusion The optimized extraction process can significantly improve the extraction rate of mycelial polysaccharides from P. eryngii var. ferulae and the polysaccharides have a significant protective effect on oxidative stress damage in hepatocytes. This study could provide extraction process parameters for the development and utilization of P. eryngii var. ferulae polysaccharides by liquid deep fermentation and offer experimental reference for the development of hepatoprotective drugs of P. eryngii var. ferulae polysaccharides.

Agricultural Products Processing · Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine

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Optimization of extraction process of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum pomace and in vitro analysis of antioxidant activity CHEN Yupeng, FAN Depeng, SHI Jie, JU Yanjun, WANG Yujie, NIU Shuhui, LIU Hejiang, ZHAO Duoyong 2025, 62(9): 2251-2262.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (2399KB) ( )   Objective To improve the utilization rate of Lycium barbarum fruit pomace, the extraction process of Lycium barbarum fruit pomace polysaccharide was optimized.Methods Taking Lycium barbarum fruit pomace as the research object, the extraction process of Lycium barbarum fruit pomace polysaccharides was optimized by using a factorial design combined with Box-Behnken response surface method, and afterwards, the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides was investigated in vitro.Results The best extraction process was as follows: extraction temperature of 44°C, ultrasonic time of 44 min, alcohol sedimentation concentration of 78%, liquid material ratio of 1∶21 (g∶mL) and alcohol sedimentation time of 12 h. The actual polysaccharide yield from Lycium barbarum fruit pomace was 6.81 ± 0.24%, which was close to the prediction value of 6.95%. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the clearance of DPPH and ABTS+ was 73.69% and 57.68%, respectively, and the FRAP value was 3.02 when the concentration of the polysaccharide solution was 5.0 mg/ml.Conclusion The optimized process for the extraction of crude polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum fruit pomace is stable and has a strong antioxidant capacity.

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The effect of adding residual red dates to the diet on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial diversity in lactating cows YUAN Fang, GUO Cuijie, TUO Yong, ZHANG Zhijun, YANG Yuxia, Guzailinuer Aimaiti, HOU Liangzhong 2025, 62(9): 2263-2275.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (2246KB) ( )   Objective This experiment investigated the effects of adding different weights of residual red dates to the diet of lactating cows in the late stage of lactation on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial diversity. Methods Selected 32 Holstein cows with similar breeds, ages, parity, and lactation days (200 ± 5) d in the late lactation stage, randomly divided them into 4 groups, with 8 cows in each group, and divided them into a control group and groups with 5%, 10%, and 15% residual red dates added. The experimental period was 37 days, including a pre feeding period of 7 days and a main trial period of 30 days. On the 30th day of the experimental period, 3 experimental cows with milk production close to the group average were selected from each group, and rumen fluid was collected orally to measure fermentation parameters and microbial diversity.Results The pH of the group treated with defective red dates was higher than that of the control group (P>0.05), and the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and valeric acid were higher in the group treated with 15% defective red dates than in the control group, as well as in the groups treated with 5% and 10% defective red dates (P>0.05); Four groups of samples obtained a total of 2 668 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of which 1741 were OTUs; The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme index and Chao1 index of the group with 5% defective red dates added were higher than those of the control group, the group with 10% defective red dates added, and the group with 15% defective red dates added (P>0.05). The Simpson index and Shannon index of the group with 10% defective red dates added were higher than those of the control group, the group with 5% defective red dates added, and the group with 15% defective red dates added (P>0.05). The dominant bacterial groups at the phylum level in each group are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrons. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the group with 5% defective red dates added was higher than that in the control group, the group with 10% defective red dates added, and the group with 15% defective red dates added (P>0.05). The group with 10% defective red dates added was higher than the control group and the group with 15% defective red dates added (P>0.05); The dominant bacteria at the genus level are Prevotella, and Ruminococcus. The relative abundance of Prevotellace-UCG_003 in the group with 10% defective red dates added was higher than that in the group with 5% defective red dates and the group with 15% defective red dates added (P>0.05). The relative abundance of Prevotellace-UCG_003 in the group with 15% defective red dates added was significantly higher than that in the control group, the group with 5% defective red dates added, and the group with 10% defective red dates added (P<0.05). The group with 10% defective red dates added was significantly higher than the group with 5% defective red dates added (P<0.05). Conclusion Adding 5% to 10% residual red dates to the diet of lactating cows does not affect the richness and diversity of rumen microbiota in lactating cows; When adding 15% defective red dates, it will reduce the richness and diversity of rumen microbiota in lactating cows, change the structure of rumen microbiota in lactating cows, and increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.

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Association analysis of the expression of SMAD1 and KISS1 genome and the number of lambs of Altay sheep MA Yingguo, YU Jianguo, Aibushi Nuerlan, Yeerken Heizati, HAO Geng, LIU Lingling 2025, 62(9): 2276-2285.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1663KB) ( )   Objective This study takes Altay sheep as the research object. Firstly, it analyzes the polymorphism of SMAD family member 1 (SMAD1) and tumor metastasis suppressor gene (KISS1), as well as their correlation with litter size. Meanwhile, by means of qPCR, it investigates the differential mRNA expression levels of these two genes in different tissues of Altay sheep from the single-lamb group and twin-lamb group. The purpose of this study is to identify molecular markers for sheep lambing traits and provide a scientific basis for sheep breeding. Methods KISS1 and SMAD1 SNP were genotyped by KASP and the correlation between different genotypes and lambing number was analyzed. The relative expression levels of KISS1 and SMAD1 genes in 9 different tissues of single and double lambs Altay sheep were detected by qPCR.Results The results showed that the frequencies of the two genotypes of SMAD1 gene (g.12487190G>T),were 0.93 (GG) and 0.07 (GT), the frequencies of the two genotypes of KISS1 gene (g.1311578G>T) were 0.88 (GG) and 0.12 (GT); Population genetic analysis showed that SMAD1 and KISS1 genes were low polymorphic loci (PIC<0.25); χ2 test results showed that the two gene loci were in Hardy-weinberg equilibrium in Altai sheep (P>0.05); Association analysis showed that in SMAD1 gene g.12487190G>T, there was no significant difference in the number of lambs born between GG genotype and GT genotype at T locus (P>0.05). In KISS1 gene g.1311578G>T, the number of lambs of GT genotype at T locus was significantly higher than that of GG genotype (P<0.05); qPCR results showed that KISS1 gene expression was higher in cerebellum, spleen and hypothalamus, but lower in liver and brain of Altay sheep. In a single lamb, the expression of this gene was higher in uterus, liver and pituitary tissues, but lower in hypothalamus, brain and cerebellum tissues. The mRNA expression levels of cerebellum, uterus and heart in the two lambs group were significantly higher than those in the one lamb group (P<0.05). The expression of SMAD1 gene was higher in hypothalamus and pituitary tissues, but lower in uterus and brain tissues in Altay sheep. In single lamb, the expression levels were higher in heart, uterus and spleen, but lower in hypothalamus and brain. The mRNA expression levels of the same tissues with different lamb numbers showed that the mRNA expression levels of cerebellum and hypothalamus in the double lamb group were significantly higher than those in the single lamb group (P<0.05).Conclusion KISS1 gene is closely related to the embryonic development of Altay sheep, whose T locus of g.1311578G>T can be used as a potential molecular marker for the breeding of lamb-producing traits in the sheep.

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Effects of different microecological preparations on growth performance and gastrointestinal health of 15~54-days Hu sheep lambs MA Wenbin, WANG Yan, CHEN Xiangyu, Abuxiaheman Mubalake, YUAN Cen, QIN Rongyan, LIU Yanfeng, ZHANG Zhijun, LIU Limeng, WANG Lele, WANG Wenqi 2025, 62(9): 2286-2296.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (630KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of different microecological preparations on rumen fermentation parameters and digestive tract enzymes of Hu sheep lambs in the hope of providing data reference for improving rumen development and health status of lambs.Methods Forty-eight 8-days lambs with similar body weight (3.00 ± 0.20) kg in good health were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups with 4 replicates per group and 4 sheep per replicate. Control group was fed a basal diet, experiment group 1 was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.2% microecological preparation Ⅰ (Clostridium butyricum∶Bacillus subtilis = 4∶5), experiment group 2 was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.2% microecological preparation Ⅱ (Clostridium butyricum∶Bacillus subtilis∶fructooligosaccharides = 4∶5∶5). Lambs at 15 days of age were fed the starter diet and the trial period lasted for 40 days.Results The results showed as follows: Body weight (BW), average daily feed intake (SI) and average daily gain (ADG) among treatment groups had no significant effects compared with control group (P>0.05); Rumen pH, NH3-N concentration, lactic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid concentration of lambs in all treatment groups were not significantly different from those in control group (P>0.05); Acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids in trial group 1 were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05); Trypsin activity and Chymotrypain activity in trial group 1 were significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between experimental group 2 and control group (P>0.05); The cellulase activity in trial groups 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05); The apparent digestibility of dry matter DM, organic matter OM and crude fat EE among treatment groups had no significant effects compared with control group (P>0.05).Conclusion Microecological preparations have no significant effect on the growth and digestive performance of 15～54 days Hu lambs, but altered the ruminal fermentation parameters and intestinal digestive enzyme activity.

Prataculture · Forestry Remote Sensing · Precision Agriculture

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Simulated study on the effects of nitrogen deposition and grazing on vegetation community characteristics in temperate desert grasslands LIU Zeyu, DONG Yiqiang, ZHANG Yongjuan, ZHOU Shijie, NIE Tingting, JIANG Anjing, WU Yue, LEI Yaxin, AN Shazhou 2025, 62(9): 2297-2306.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (749KB) ( )   Objective To clarify the effects of simulated nitrogen deposition and simulated grazing on the quantitative characteristics and diversity of plant communities in desert grasslands and to explore the changes in the quantitative characteristics and diversity of plant communities in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the scientific management of such desert grasslands.Methods The warm desert grassland in Yushugou, Urumqi City was taken as the research object and the field survey sampling method was used to determine and analyze the quantitative characteristics and species diversity of plant communities in different nitrogen application gradients (N0: 0 g/m2; N1: 2.5 g/m2; N2: 5.0 g/m2; N3: 10.0 g/m2; N4: 15.0 g/m2; N5: 20.0 g/m2) in grazing and non grazing areas.Results At the N0 and N1 addition levels, the plant community height in the simulated grazing area was reduced by 15.46% and 20.33% (P<0.05) compared to the control area. Under the N1, N2, and N5 treatments, the plant community coverage in the simulated grazing area was reduced by 25.18%, 23.21%, and 30.00% (P<0.05) compared to the control area; Under the N2 addition level, the Pielou evenness index of plant communities in the simulated grazing area was significantly reduced by 7.83% (P<0.05) compared to the control area; Under the addition levels of N4 and N5, the Simpson dominance index of plant communities in simulated grazing areas significantly decreased by 9.30% and 13.63% compared to the control area (P<0.05), respectively; The important values of Poaceae in simulated pastoral areas significantly increased by 60.89%, 52.34%, and 57.55% (P<0.05) compared to the control area at the N1, N2, and N5 addition levels; Compared with the control area, the important values of legumes in the simulated grazing area were significantly reduced (P<0.05); Under N1, N2, N4, and N5 treatments, the importance values of miscellaneous grasses in the simulated grazing area were significantly reduced by 21.29% to 70.21% (P<0.05) compared to the control area; The important values of Poaceae in simulated grazing areas and control areas were negatively correlated with community diversity (P<0.05); The important values of mixed grass in simulated grazing areas and control areas were positively correlated with community diversity (P<0.05).Conclusion Simulated grazing significantly increases the important value of Poaceae, enhances its dominant position in temperate desert grasslands under nitrogen deposition background, and enables it to better adapt to changes in temperate desert grasslands under grazing conditions, which is beneficial to the restoration of degraded grasslands.

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Analysis of inter-annual variations in ecological stoichiometric characteristics of annual rings of date palm under different irrigation methods around Tarim Basin ZHANG Guangxin, WANG Fangxia, ZHANG Huanhuan, YAO Dongdong, LYU Qi, XI Jinshan, LI Yanshu, ZHAO Fengyun, YU Kun 2025, 62(9): 2307-2318.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (1399KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of jujube trees and orchard soils under different irrigation methods around Tarim Basin, as well as the inter-annual variation patterns of C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics of jujube annual rings under different irrigation methods. Methods The C, N, and P contents and nutrient contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), and soil total phosphorus (TP) in the annual cycle of jujube (2013～2020) under drip and diffuse irrigation methods were determined using the orchards of jujube trees in the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang as the research object. Results Annual average content of C, N, P and N∶P of jujube body showed that drip irrigation>diffuse irrigation, while C∶P and C∶N showed that diffuse irrigation>drip irrigation; compared with diffuse irrigation, the annual average content of N of jujube body in drip irrigation increased significantly by 12.14%; The overall interannual changes of C, N and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios of annual rings of jujube under different irrigation methods showed similar trends. Among them, the interannual change trend of C content was relatively stable; N and P content showed an upward trend with the increase of tree age; and the interannual change trends of C∶N, C∶P and N∶P were similar, with an overall gradual decrease with the increase of tree age; With the increase of soil depth, soil SOC, TN, TP content and C∶P and N∶P were significantly reduced under different irrigation methods, of which SOC, TN content and C∶P and N∶P showed that diffuse irrigation was greater than that of drip irrigation, while TP content showed that drip irrigation was greater than that of diffuse irrigation; soil C∶N was significantly higher with the increase of soil depth, and there was no significant difference between the 2 irrigation methods; The results of redundancy analysis showed that soil factors such as SOC, TP, Available Phosphorus (AP) content and C∶P had a significant effect on the C, N and P content and their stoichiometric ratios of red date trees. Conclusion The interannual changes of C, N and P ecological stoichiometric characteristics of jujube annual rings under drip irrigation and diffuse irrigation show a similar trend. In addition, drip irrigation increases the annual average content of C, N and P and N∶P of jujube trees compared with diffuse irrigation, but decreases soil SOC and TN content, as well as C∶P and N∶P. It is recommended to adopt the combination of drip and diffuse irrigation method in the future management of date tree plantations for sustainable production.

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Single tree height extraction based on GF-7 and airborne LiDAR LI Kaixuan, SU Xiangling, WANG Zhenxi, YAN Zhaojie, HUO Yanxiao, MA Jialong 2025, 62(9): 2319-2330.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (2846KB) ( )   Objective Based on GF-7 stereo image and LiDAR data, Canopy Height Models (CHM) are used to extract the height of Tianshan spruce (Picea tianshanensis) single-tree height, and compare the performance of different data sources in the precision of single-tree height extraction. The purpose is to provide a technical reference for the extraction of single-tree height in mountainous natural forests. Methods The Tianshan spruce in the internship forest of Xinjiang Agricultural University was used as the research object, RTK was used to locate each tree and measure the height of single trees, GF-7 remote sensing image and airborne LiDAR point cloud were used as the data sources, GF-7 and LiDAR digital surface model (DSM) was generated by the semiglobal matching (SGM) algorithm and cloth simulation filtering (CSF), the GF-7 DSM of was was calibrated using control points and epipolar images to generate the GF-7 digital elevation model (DEM).Three canopy height models (LiDAR-CHM, GF-LiDAR-CHM, GF-CHM) were thus constructed to derive tree heights. Results The accuracy of extracting single-tree height based on LiDAR was higher, with an average accuracy of 91.46%, the average accuracy of GF-LiDAR was 83.02%, and the accuracy of extracting single-tree height of GF-7 was lower than the former, with an average accuracy of 80.13%. Conclusion The fabric simulation filter classification by airborne LiDAR point cloud data can obtain high-precision DEM data, GF-7 can generate high-precision DSM by semi-global matching algorithm, and the DEM generated by kernel line image can be used as a method of tree height extraction for forest resources survey with large investigation range and limited cost.

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Acquisition and analysis of watermelon fruit phenotype based on computer vision technology LI Tong, ZHANG Leichen, ZHANG Xiaobin, HU Ziwei, SHI Jun, GU Qing 2025, 62(9): 2331-2340.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.09.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (2509KB) ( )   Objective Accurately acquire and analyze watermelon fruit phenotype information to support the breeding of new watermelon varieties.Methods For different phenotypic features of watermelon, a combination of image processing, deep learning, and 3D reconstruction techniques was employed to automatically extract and analyze phenotypic traits such as fruit peel thickness, pulp area, pulp color, fruit length and width, cross-sectional seed count, and texture percentage.Results The proposed method effectively extracts watermelon phenotypic traits, with no significant difference between image measurements and manual measurements (P>0.05). The average error RMSPE is <0.03, MAPE is <0.03, and the coefficient of determination R2 is all greater than 0.94. The seed count recognition mAP value is 0.936.Conclusion The method proposed in this study can rapidly, conveniently, and accurately extract watermelon fruit phenotypic traits, addressing current issues such as incomplete acquisition of watermelon phenotypic information, insufficiently accurate data, and excessive reliance on empirical judgment. This technology will contribute to the automation of watermelon breeding and germplasm resource evaluation, providing reliable data support for the breeding of new varieties. Moreover, it holds reference value for the analysis and application of fruit phenotypes in other crops.