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Effects of different growth regulator and its application times on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation ZHANG Jingcan, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 37-44.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.005 Abstract （3089）   HTML （11）    PDF （1136KB）（27）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To select the most suitable growth regulators and the application times of regulators in the hope of providing theoretical basis for lodging resistance and control measures of Xinjiang drip irrigation wheat. 【Methods】 Xinjong 18 were taken as the material, and different regulators as the main zones under the field drip irrigation conditions from 2021 to 2022: clear water control (CK), calcium modulate · Enodozole (A), nanocin (B), enodozole·methylpiperonium (C), antyloxyl ester (D), polylodozole (E), and in addition, the frequency of regulator application was used as the secondary zones: A total of 12 treatments were applied at rise stage (P1) and rise stage + jointing stage (P2) to analyze the effects of different treatments on plant height, center of gravity height, internode length, stem diameter, stem bending resistance and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height could be controlled effectively, the center of gravity height and internode length could be reduced, and the bending resistance of the basal stems could be improved. The bending resistance of the basal stems was increased by 8.97% and 14.89% in the treatment of one-time and twice spraying of regulator. BP2 treatment could effectively increase the effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight, and the panicle number increased significantly under CP2 treatment. Under the premise of spraying one regulator, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP1, BP1 and CP1 treatments, and under the premise of spraying two regulators, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP2, BP2, CP2 and DP2 treatments. 【Conclusion】 The plant height of AP2 and BP2 are relatively suitable, the stem lodging resistance is better, and the grain yield is increased greatly. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis and evaluation of slaughter performance and meat quality characteristics of Luobu sheep TANG Liping, Aminiguli , WANG Xu, FENG Xing, ZHENG Peiyu, YU Jianguo, ZHANG Yanwei, XIE Mengwan, DI Jiang, YU Lijuan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 251-260.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.029 Abstract （2512）   HTML （10）    PDF （1019KB）（17）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To explore the slaughter performance and meat quality characteristics of Luobu sheep under natural grazing conditions. 【Methods】 Eight 12 month rams and ten 12 month ewes under grazing conditions were selected for slaughter, and then their slaughter performance and meat quality were compared and analyzed. 【Results】 The slaughter performance of Luobu sheep were: slaughter rate 47.02%, net meat rate 38.09%, carcass weight 16.09 kg, eye muscle area 0.53 cm2, tail weight 0.93 kg, tube circumference 7.94 cm, ram’s all of which were significantly higher than that of ewe’s (P<0.01), body length 71.78cm, significantly higher than ewe’s (P<0.05). Meat quality: a_{24\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{*}} was 16.34, and ewe’s were significantly higher than ram’s (P<0.01). pH24h ,b* 40min, and b_{24\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{*}} were 5.79, 6.40, and 8.53, respectively, all significantly higher than rams (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in cooking loss and shear force; The protein content in the muscle was 21.70, and the ram’s was significantly higher than the ewe’s (P<0.01). The fat content was 2.29, and the ram’s was significantly lower than the ewe’s (P<0.05), with a water content of 76.38; There were 17 types of amino acids in the muscle, with total amino acid content (TAA), essential amino acid content (EAA), and non essential amino acid content (NEAA) of 19.36, 8.24, and 11.12, respectively, which were significantly higher in ram’s than in ewes (P<0.05), and EAA/NEAA of 74.08, meeting the standard for excellent meat quality; There were 33 types of fatty acids in muscle, with a total fatty acid content of 89.32 and a saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of 43.50. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in ewes was significantly higher than that in rams (P<0.05), with a content of 34.71 and 11.11, respectively; The contents of mineral elements Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ca and Se were 56.33, 247.14, 21.69, 1.99, 108.36, and 0.04, respectively. Among them, the Se content of ewes was significantly higher than that of rams (P<0.01), Fe was significantly higher than that of rams (P<0.05), and Zn was significantly lower than that of rams (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Luobu mutton is rich in nutrients such as amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral elements, which belong to excellent quality meat with a delicious taste; Rams have good slaughtering performance, while ewes have bright and glossy flesh color. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Monitoring of Porcine circovirus (PCV) types 2 and 3 in some large-scale pig farms in Xinjiang QI Weiyi, XU Heng, LIU Yingyu, ZHENG Pei, XIA Lining, LIU Junfei Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (2): 502-509.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.028 Abstract （2303）   HTML （9）    PDF （1123KB）（15）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To investigate the prevalence of Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Xinjiang. 【Methods】From October 2022 to September 2023, 1403 samples from 7 large-scale pig farms were detected and sequenced by fluorescent quantitative PCR. 【Results】The overall positive rate of PCV2 was 3.20%(45/1403), the overall positive rate of PCV3 was 33.00%(463/1403), and the combined infection rate of PCV2 and PCV3 was 7.84%(11/1403). The positive detection rate of PCV2 and PCV3 in C field was the highest, with PCV2 7.46%(10/134), PCV3 64.18%(36/134), and PCV2 and PCV3 mixed infection rate 3.73%(5/134). The positive rate of PCV2 and PCV3 was the highest, and the positive rate of PCV2 was 4.78%(25/523). The detection rate of PCV3 was 57.36%(300/523). The detection rates of PCV2 and PCV3 were high in all seasons, and the PCV3 strain was PCV3b and PCV3c. 【Conclusion】PCV3 infection has been found in some large-scale pig farms in Xinjiang and the prevalence rate of PCV3 is much higher than that of PCV2, and PCV3 strain is PCV3b and PCV3c. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicines on growth performance, serum biochemistry and growth hormone in lamb LIU Limeng, MA Wenbin, LI Lingui, YUAN Cen, SHI Zhihai, LIU Yanfeng, QIN Rongyan, WANG Wenqi Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (3): 754-765.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.026 Abstract （2297）   HTML （5）    PDF （1379KB）（19）       Knowledge map    【Objective】The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicines on the growth performance, serum biochemistry and growth hormone of lambs.【Methods】A total of 120 15-day-old lambs with similar newborn weight (3.25±0.52)kg in good body condition were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (3 replicates in each group, 10 sheep in each replicate), 10 sheep in each replicate) and fed lamb starter feed (0 groups), lamb starter feed + 0.2% fermented Chinese herbal medicine (0.2% group), 0.4% fermented Chinese herbal medicine (0.4% group) and 0.6% fermented Chinese herbal medicine (0.6% group) respectively. The test period lasted 45 days.【Results】The results showed that: 1) The body weight of the experimental group at 30 days of age was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The 60-day-old body weight of the 0.2% and 0.6% groups was significantly higher than that of the 0 group (P<0.05). The 21-25 days of age, 26-30 days of age, and 36-40 days of age in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The starter intake (SI) of the 41-45-day-old starting feed in the 0.6% group was significantly higher than that in the 0 group (P<0.01). 2) The contents of anti-tumor factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum of lambs in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The content of protein (GLB) in the serum of lambs in the 0.6% group was significantly lower than that in the 0 group, 0.2% group and 0.4% group (P<0.05). The serum content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the 0.4% and 0.6% groups were significantly higher than those in the 0 group (P<0.01). The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the 0.4% and 0.6% groups were significantly lower than those in the 0 group (P<0.01).【Conclusion】It can be seen that the addition of fermented Chinese herbs to the diet of lambs under the conditions of this experiment can help to improve growth performance, promote the secretion level of growth hormone, increase the body's antioxidant capacity and immune level, thus alleviating the weaning stress of lambs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparative analysis of milk components and plasma metabolomes between colostrum and regular milk periods in Ili horses GAO Feng, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, ZENG Mingmin, XUE Yuheng, SHANG Tingting, YUAN Xinxin, REN Wanlu, YAO Xinkui Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (4): 1002-1013.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.025 Abstract （2130）   HTML （6）    PDF （1418KB）（14）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 This project aims to investigate the differences in milk composition between the two periods and the potential regulatory mechanisms by analysing the milk composition and plasma metabolome of Ili horses during colostrum and regular milk. 【Methods】 Milk and blood samples were collected from eight Yilihorses on day 0 and day 30 of parturition, respectively, and milk routine analyses of milk from the two periods were carried out by a milk composition analyser, and comparative analyses of plasma metabolites were performed by non-targeted metabolomics. 【Results】 The results revealed that milk fat, milk protein, solids and non-solids were significantly higherin colostrum than in regular milk (P<0.05), and lactose was significantly lower in colostrum than in regular milk (P<0.05). Plasma metabolites were analyzed and a total of 363 differential metabolites were screened according to conditions. 【Conclusion】 Pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites significantly enriched a total of 5 functional pathways. The presence of many metabolites in plasma during colostrum period was associated with the promotion of fatty acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in the mammary gland, such as palmitic acid, D-threitol, biotin, and pantothenic acid. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of alfalfa diet on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure of lambs aged 15 to 55 days WANG Yan, Abuxiaheman Mubalake, CHEN Xiangyu, QIN Rongyan, MA Wenbin, YUAN Cen, LIU Yanfeng, LIU Limeng, WANG Lele, LI Changqing, ZHANG Zhijun, WANG Wenqi Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (6): 1517-1529.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.024 Abstract （2007）   HTML （1）    PDF （1593KB）（9）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To investigate the effects of alfalfa supplementation on nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure of Hu lambs aged from 15 to 55 days. 【Methods】 Forty-eight second-litter double-lamb lake lambs with body weight of (4.22±0.35) kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group. They were fed diets containing 10% (M1), 20% (M2) and 30% (M3) alfalfa, respectively. According to the different feeding and management of lambs, the experiment was divided into 15~34 days of age and 35~54 days of age. 【Results】 The results showed as follows: At 54 days of age, the body weight of 30% alfalfa group was higher than that of other experimental groups, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05); At 15 to 34 days of age and 35 to 54 days of age, there were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber among treatment groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in pH among experimental groups (P > 0.05), NH3-N content of 10% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that of 20% alfalfa group and 30% alfalfa group (P < 0.05), and the contents of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and butyric acid of 30% alfalfa group were significantly higher than those of 10% alfalfa group (P< 0.05). The activities of cellulase, xylanase and pectinase in 10% alfalfa group were significantly higher than those in 30% alfalfa group (P < 0.05); The Shannon index of 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that of 10% alfalfa group and 20% alfalfa group (P<0.05). The abundance of firmicutes in 20% alfalfa group and 30% alfalfa group was increased compared with 10% alfalfa group (0.05 < P≤0.10), but there were no significant differences in the levels of other rumen bacteria among experimental groups (P > 0.05). The abundance of Prevotella in 10% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P<0.05), and the abundance of Eurosenia in 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P<0.05). The number of bacterial amine and polyamine biosynthesis pathways in 20% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P<0.05), and the number of aminoacyl-trNA pathway and aromatic compound biosynthesis pathway in 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in 10% alfalfa group (P< 0.05). The number of metabolic regulator biosynthesis pathways in 30% alfalfa group was significantly lower than that in other experimental groups (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 According to the results, it is appropriate to add 20%-30% alfalfa in the diet of lambs aged from 15 to 55 days. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of combined application of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat and the fertilizer effect SUN Na, MA Lin, ZOU Hui, ZHANG Zhihui, ZHANG Shengjun, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, LI Zhibin, CAO Junmei, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.001 Abstract （1868）   HTML （38）    PDF （1213KB）（118）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 It is important to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer rationing on the yield and quality of wheat and the fertilizer effect, and to find out the optimal NPK fertilizer application rate and fertilizer ration for high yield, high quality and high efficiency of wheat. 【Methods】 The winter wheat cultivar Xindong 42 was used as the test material, and the fertilizer effect test design scheme "3414" was adopted to conduct the field plot test to determine the yield and quality related traits of winter wheat and to fit the fertilizer effect model. 【Results】 Meanwhile the effect of NPK fertilizer on yield showed reciprocal effects, with the size of the reciprocal effects being NPK>NP>NK>PK in the order of NPK>NP>PK. Among the 14 treatments, N2P2K2 had the highest yield and economic benefit of 8,036.03 kg/hm2 and 18,044.85 yuan/hm2, respectively. After being analyzed by the regression equation, the maximum yield of 8,082.75 kg/hm2 was achieved when the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 190.21, 122.27 and 53.11 kg/hm2, respectively; the best economic benefit achieved was 18,056.37/hm2,when the application rates 171.03, 108.18 and 44.77 kg/hm2, respectively; maximum starch dry basis content 5,742.29 kg/hm2 was obtained 180.00, 125.69 and 50.90 kg/hm2, respectively; maximum wet gluten content 274.64, 69.75 and 138.95 kg/hm2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could significantly improve the yield, quality and economic benefits of Xindong 42. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of genes associated with wool density traits in Chinese Merino sheep MA Haiye, LI Zhonghui, WANG Jiajun, TANG Liping, DI Jiang, LI Wenrong Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (6): 1530-1542.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.025 Abstract （1866）   HTML （3）    PDF （1762KB）（20）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 This study aims to analyze the phenotypic differences of wool density in Chinese Merino and screen candidate genes related to wool density traits in Chinese Merino in the hope of providing reference for elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of wool density in the sheep. 【Methods】 The wool density and hair follicle density of Chinese Merino sheep were measured and statistically analyzed by biostatistical methods. Meanwhile, the skin of Chinese Merino sheep with different wool densities was selected for transcriptome sequencing to identify candidate genes related to wool density traits. 【Results】 The average wool density of Chinese Merino high wool density group ( HWD group ) was (9,852.02±1,673.98) roots / cm2, which was significantly higher than that of low wool density group ( LWD group ) (5,390.61±1,365.67) roots / cm2 ( P < 0.01 ). There was no significant difference in the average primary hair follicle density between the HWD group and the LWD group. The average secondary hair follicle density, the ratio of primary hair follicle density to secondary hair follicle density, and the average total hair follicle density in the HWD group were significantly higher than those in the LWD group (P < 0.01 ). Using the skin transcriptome data of Chinese Merino sheep with different wool densities, a total of 521 differential genes were screened out in the HWD group compared with the LWD group, of which 280 were up-regulated and 241 were down-regulated. Through the analysis of differential gene enrichment, differential gene interaction and differential gene expression verification between high and low density groups, KRT18, KRT16, KRT86, KRT38, LOC101116157, CCN3, SPARC, C7, ATP12A, ANGPT4, WNT16, S100A1 and S100A4 differentially expressed genes were screened, which affected the growth and density of Chinese Merino wool. 【Conclusion】 There are differences in gene expression profiles of skin tissues of fine wool sheep with different wool densities. The different expression of these genes may affect wool density by changing the process of skin hair follicles and wool growth. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of genetic effects of COIL and BMPR-IB genes for lambing traits in Duolang sheep and Hu sheep crossbred sheep SHI Xiangyun, LI Jiaozhi, LIU Lingling, LIU Wujun Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 243-250.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.028 Abstract （1860）   HTML （4）    PDF （914KB）（11）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the genetic effects of lambing traits COIL and BMPR-IB genes in the offspring of Duolang sheep and Hu sheep crossbreeding (Duohu sheep crossbreeding) cascade crosses by analyzing the association between COIL and BMPR-IB genes and the number of lambs produced. 【Methods】 Randomly selected F1 (228), F2 (254), and F3 (252) generations of Duohu crossbred sheep were subjected to whole blood DNA extraction, and the COIL gene was genotyped using amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (ARMS-PCR) technique, and the BMPR-IB gene was analyzed in association with the number of lambs produced after genotyping using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. 【Results】 In the Duohu F1 sheep, the lambing numbers of the mutant pure GG type were significantly higher than those of the mutant heterozygous CG and the wild CC type (P<0.01), and that of the mutant heterozygous CG type were significantly higher than that of the wild CC type (P<0.01); in the Duohu F2 sheep, the differences between the number of lambs produced by the mutant pure GG type and the mutant heterozygous CG and wild CC types were all highly significant (P<0.01); in the Duohu F3 sheep, the number of lambs produced by the mutant pure GG and the mutant heterozygous CG types was highly significantly higher than that of the CC type (P<0.01), and the number of lambs produced by the GG type was highly significantly higher than that of the CG type (P<0.05). In the Duohu F1, F2 and F3 sheep, the numbers of lambs produced by the mutant pure BB type were highly significantly higher than the number of lambs produced by the mutant heterozygous B+ type and the wild++ type (P<0.01), and the number of lambs produced by the mutant heterozygous B+ type was highly significantly higher than that of the wild++ type (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Both COIL gene and BMPR-IB gene have significant effect on lambing number of Duo and Hu crossbred sheep. However, the BMPR-IB gene has a low mutation rate in the progeny of Duohu sheep, which may not be suitable as a key gene for screening the double lambing population of Duohu sheep, and the COIL gene can be a new candidate gene for screening the high reproduction rate of Duohu sheep. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of conditioning training on sweat morphology and blood indexes of Ili horses XUE Yuheng, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jianwen, DENG Haifeng, ZENG Mingmin, SHANG Tingting, GAO Feng, SHEN Zhehong, YAO Xinkui Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (4): 1014-1021.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.026 Abstract （1815）   HTML （6）    PDF （1077KB）（7）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 By analyzing the change of sweat form during training and sweat index after 2,000 m test of 6 young Yili horse stallion undergoing conditioning training, the influence of conditioning training on the sweat form and sweat index of Yili horse was explored, and the experience of folk horse domestication was theorized. It provides theoretical basis and data support for the establishment of scientific training system and the monitoring of athletic performance of Yili horses. 【Methods】 Six two-year-old Yili horse stallions with consistent management and untrained training were selected from Zhaosu Stud Farm in Yili, Xinjiang. The training was conducted and sweat morphological changes were observed. Test races were organized on the second day after the appearance of mud sweat (MS), foam sweat (FS) and water sweat (CS), and sweat samples were collected immediately after the race. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were monitored and the results were analyzed. Lactic acid (LA), sodium ion (Na+), potassium ion (K+), magnesium ion (Mg2+) and other 14 sweat indexes were detected in the sweat samples. 【Results】 After the 10-week conditioning training of 2-year-old Yili horses, the changes of sweat morphology and 2000 m test race results were obvious, and the change trend of sweat LA in the three sweat morphology stages was obvious. Immediately after the race, the content of LA in sweat decreased with the change of sweat morphology, and the content of LA in sweat in CS stage was significantly lower than that in MS stage (P <0.05). The content of Na+ in sweat after CS stage was significantly lower than that in MS stage (P <0.05). The content of K+ in sweat after training was significantly higher in CS stage than in MS stage (P <0.05). The content of Ca2+ in sweat after CS stage was significantly higher than that during MS stage (P <0.05). Cl- content reached the highest value after MS stage, and the difference was significant between MS stage and CS stage (P <0.05). The levels of Mg2+ and Cu2+ in sweat of Yili horses decreased with the change of sweat morphology after the test, and Mg2+ and Cu2+ were significantly lower in CS stage than in MS stage. 【Conclusion】 With the progress of conditioning training program, the sweat morphology and sweat index of Yili horses changed, and different sweat morphology revealed the different training degree and movement performance of individuals, among which the detected sweat LA and ion indexes may be the indicators to evaluate the training level and training stage of Yili horses during training. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat CHEN Chuanxin, ZHANG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 68-74.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.009 Abstract （1781）   HTML （7）    PDF （946KB）（45）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 This research aims to understand the effects of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat. 【Methods】 Field experiments were conducted on the treatment of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer.A comparative study was conducted on the chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area index, photosynthetic fluorescence index, and yield of wheat under different treatments. 【Results】 The photosynthetic characteristics of wheat leaves varied among different treatments.There was no significant difference in chlorophyll SPAD value, initial fluorescence intensity, and maximum photochemical efficiency among the treatments.The chlorophyll SPAD value of PN2 was the highest in the combination treatment of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agent, and the chlorophyll SPAD value during the flowering and filling stages increased by 0.68 and 0.70, respectively, compared to the full nitrogen fertilizer treatment without microbial agent.The leaf area index of PN2 treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was the highest, significantly higher than that of PN0 treated without nitrogen fertilizer.The leaf area index during the flowering and filling stages increased by 38.59% and 37.70%, respectively, compared to PN0.The net photosynthetic rate of PN2 treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was higher than that of PN1, PN3, and PN4 treatments, and significantly higher than that of PN0 treatment.The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents resulted in the highest PN2, significantly higher than other treatments, with an increase of 41.63%, 9.53%, 20.65%, and 22.70% compared to PN0, PN1, PN3, and PN4 treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents showed the best comprehensive performance in wheat photosynthetic characteristics and yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of calving difficulty of Chinese Simmental Cattle in Yili area HU Zexu, WANG Chuanjun, ZHANG Xiaoxue, ZHANG Menghua, ZHANG Tao, TAN Xueting, SHANG Yanyan, MA Kailun, WANG Chengcheng, ZHANG Guixia, HUANG Xixia Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (3): 775-780.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.028 Abstract （1779）   HTML （5）    PDF （620KB）（9）       Knowledge map    【Objective】The calving difficulty of Simmental Cattle in China was analyzed by different parity, calving season, calf birth weight, calf sex and calving type.【Methods】Calving information of 18405 cows from 2018 to 2023 was collected from a large-scale cattle farm in Yili, Xinjiang and the least squares analysis of calving difficulty and ease factors was carried out by using SAS9.2 software.【Results】The parity had a significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01). Calving season had significant effect on calving difficulty (P < 0.05). The birth weight of calves had a significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01). The sex of calves had significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01). Calving type (singleton and twin) had a significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01).【Conclusion】The difficult childbirth rate of cows in spring and wither is higher than that in summer;Low temperatares in spring and winter make newborn calves more sensitive to harsh weather conditions;calves with lighter body weight have weaker adaptability to the external environment of the uterus conpared to calves with heavier boby weight; The difficulty of childbirth in male calves is generally higher than that in female calves. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Yield formation characteristics of different spring wheat varieties in dryland farming area of Xinjiang CHEN Hui, ZHANG Yongqiang, BI Haiyan, TANJun , CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, YU Jianxin, LU Dong, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 13-20.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.002 Abstract （1732）   HTML （12）    PDF （904KB）（44）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To screen out high-yield spring wheat varieties suitable for planting and promotion under rain-fed agriculture conditions in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The chlorophyll content, agronomic traits and yield of 32 spring wheat varieties were determined, and the drought tolerance of spring wheat in Xinjiang was comprehensively evaluated by analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The chlorophyll content of Xinchun 44 was the highest, which was 11.92% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688. The coefficient of variation of the main quantitative traits of spring wheat ranged from 6.18% to 28.75%, and the four indexes of actual yield, biomass per plant, number of infertile spikelets and 1000-grain weight had rich genetic variation and great potential for improvement. The highest yield of Xinchun 44 was 6,174.76 kg/hm2, which was 82.04% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688.There was a significant positive correlation between the yield and 1000-grain weight (P< 0.01), which were significantly positively correlated with the number of grains per panicle and stem length under panicle (P< 0. 05). At the genetic distance of 12.5, it was divided into five major groups, and the traits of each group were significantly different, and the number of grains per spike and the yield of group II Xinchun 44 were significantly higher than those of other groups. 【Conclusion】 Considering comprehensively, it is considered that Xinchun 44 has the strongest drought tolerance and is suitable for planting and promotion in the dryland of Xinjiang. After comprehensive consideration, it is believed that Xinchun 44 drought resistance is the strongest and is suitable for planting and promotion in dry land in Xinjiang. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Molecular characteristics and drug resistance analysis of Staphylococcus aureus in a goose slaughterhouse in Xinjiang MA Lan, LIU Yingyu, Zulihumaer Aili, ZHENG Baili, DOU Tao, CAI Yuxuan, CHENG Yaling Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (4): 1022-1031.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.027 Abstract （1725）   HTML （4）    PDF （911KB）（16）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in a geese slaughterhouse located in southern Xinjiang by analyzing the virulence genes, antibiotic resistance, and typing of the isolated strains. The investigation results of pollution in different links are helpful to analyze the key control points of pollution in slaughtering and processing links, and can effectively prevent and control the outbreak of foodborne diseases. 【Methods】 A total of 153 samples (including swabs and meat samples taken from knives, workers' hands, production equipment, goose carcasses) were collected in the goose slaughterhouse. The isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus were achieved by combining traditional culture methods with PCR technology. Simultaneously, 12 enterotoxin genes were identified, along with the detection of staphylococcal protein A. The resistance of 12 types of antibiotics was investigated using the AGAR dilution method. 【Results】 From this goose abattoir, a total of 49 strains of S. aureus were isolated and identified, resulting in an isolation rate of 32.0%. The highest isolation rate of 40.0% (22/55) was found in goose carcasses, followed by 36.0% (9/25) in worker's hands, 34.3% (12/35) in production utensils, 20.0% (2/10) in knives, and 14.3% (4/28) in goose meat. All isolates consisted of seven clonotypes (t078, t034, t502, t701, t1376, t002, and t091) and three unidentified subtypes. Seven enterotoxin genes were identified, with seb (26.5%), seg (46.9%), sei (32.7%), sem (24.5%), and seu (28.6%) genes being commonly discovered. The drug sensitivity results revealed that 49 strains of S. aureus exhibited multi-drug resistance, with resistance rates to ampicillin, azithromycin, sulfisoxazole, and ciprofloxacin ranging from 73.50% to 49.0%. The multi-drug resistance was mainly triple and quadruple resistance, and the highest was seven-fold resistance. 【Conclusion】 Staphylococcus aureus is seriously contaminated in goose slaughterhouses, and cross-contamination occurs in different processing links. The contamination rate of goose carcasses is the highest, which accounts for 40.0%. The isolates are mainly classified as t078, t034 and t502. Staphylococcus aureus isolates carries a variety of enterotoxins, and 63.3% of isolates show multiple drug resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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RT-RAA detection method based on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Nsp2 gene YU Na, ZHAO Aiyun, HUANG Chunyuan, MA Jiamei, ZHANG Ziwei, FAN Yuexuan, ZHENG Jiaxin, ZHANG Yan, LIU Guangliang, QI Meng, CAO Zongxi Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (3): 748-753.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.025 Abstract （1662）   HTML （7）    PDF （929KB）（35）       Knowledge map    【Objective】The objective of this study is to establish a rapid detection method for PRRSV Nsp2 gene by reverse transcription recombinase-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-RAA) fluorescence. 【Methods】Primers and probes of classical strains and highly virogenic strains were designed to detect the sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA.【Results】The results showed that the proposed method had no cross-reactivity with the nucleic acids of swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV Bartha-K61), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV Purdue) and porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus (TGEV LJX). The minimum detection limit of this method was 1.71×101 copies/μL for highly pathogenic strains and 2.19×103 copies/μL for classical strains. Compared with the PCR method, the sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA fluorescence quantification method were 95.5% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA classical strain fluorescence quantification method were 93.0% and 100%, respectively and the two methods were highly consistent. 【Conclusion】The PRRSV RT-RAA fluorescence method established in this study can distinguish two different strains with good specificity and high sensitivity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers with humic acid strategies on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat MA Lin, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, ZOU Hui, SUN Na, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 60-67.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.008 Abstract （1641）   HTML （9）    PDF （1195KB）（29）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and soil conditioner dosing strategies on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and yield components of wheat in the hope of providing reference for the reasonable dosing of nitrogen fertilizer and humic acid for wheat in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Under drip irrigation in large fields, five treatments of winter wheat variety Yinong 22 were set up without nitrogen fertilizer (CK), basal application of 18-Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) + Trailing urea (T1), basal application of 16-DAP + Trailing urea (T2), basal application of 18-DAP + Trailing humic acid urea (T3), and basal application of 16-DAP + Trailing humic acid urea (T4) to explore the effects of different fertilizer application strategies on the biomass, leaf area index, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, yield and yield components of winter wheat. 【Results】 Each N application treatment significantly increased winter wheat below-ground biomass, above-ground biomass, photosynthetic capacity, yield and yield components relative to the CK treatment, with significant differences between the basal application of humic acid urea relative to the basal application of urea treatment under the same basal application condition, whereas there were differences, but not significant, between the basal application of different diammonium phosphate treatments under the same basal application condition. The leaf area index, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of nitrogen application treatment increased by 4.88% - 32.43%, 18.31% - 36.36% and 13.31% - 42.17%, respectively, compared with the control treatment, which showed T4>T3>T1>T2>CK; the number of spikes, number of grains in a spike and thousand-grain weight of the nitrogen treatment increased by 23.99%-32.04%, respectively, compared with the control treatment, 10.16%-15.29% and 3.95%-5.64%, respectively, which showed T4>T3>T2>T1>CK; T3 treatment increased the below-ground biomass, above-ground biomass, and yield by 13.32%, 3.61%, and 1.77%, respectively, compared with T1 treatment, and T4 treatment increased the yield by 9.84%, 7.14%, and 5.81%, respectively, compared with T2. The T4 treatment effect was optimal among all the treatments. 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen application is favorable to the growth and development of winter wheat, which can significantly increase the biomass, photosynthetic capacity and yield of winter wheat. The effect of the follow-up application of humic acid urea at the nodulation stage was better than that of the basal application of different types of diammonium phosphate, among which the T4 treatment (basal application of 16-diammonium phosphate + follow-up application of humic acid urea) has the best effect in enhancing the biomass, photosynthetic capacity and yield of winter wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of uniform sowing and densification on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat XIE Xiurong, ZHANG Yongqiang, HAI Feng, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, WANG Jichuan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 21-28.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.003 Abstract （1606）   HTML （24）    PDF （908KB）（46）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of uniform sowing on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat in northern Xinjiang, and to provide basis for reasonable dense planting of late sowing wheat in the region. 【Methods】 Delayed sowing time (sowing date was October 26, witha delay of 16~ 38 d) was used to analyze the effects of late sowingand uniform sowing on the population structue and yield of winter wheat during the appropriate sowing period of winter wheat (September 20~ 30), and differe nt planting densities were set up in the field:525×104 grains/hm2(D1, the conventional sowing density of the field),600×104 grains/hm2 (D2), 675×104 grains/hm2(D3), 750×104 grains/hm2(D4),825×104 grains/hm2(D5), and 900×104 grains/hm2(D6), to compare the population structure of late sowing winter wheat with different planting densities. 【Results】 Under late sowing conditions, with the increase of planting density, the number of stems and tillers increased, with the D1 treatment having the highest tiller success rate of 46.08%, which was higher than the other treatments by 2. 01%, 8. 94%, 29. 58%, 43. 02%, and 44. 63%, in that order;Plant height increased with increasing density, and all D1 treatments differed significantly from D5 and D6 treatments, and basalinternode 1 and internode 2 coarseness gradually decreased; the difference betweenD1 treatment and D5 and D6 treatment was significant,With D3 treatment (6.75 million grains /hm2), the leaf area of each leaf layer at flowering stage reached the maximumvalue (27.58 cm2, 25.75 cm2, 18.45 cm2),andthe leaf area index LAI also reached the maximum value (6.93), and the light transmission from floweringstage to wax ripening stage decreased the least among all treatments. The maximum yield was 8,908.47kg/hm2 under D5 treatment,and the minimum yield was 7,320.47 kg/hm2 under D1 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of late sowing, the planting density of 675 × 104 grains/hm2 has better population structure, while 825 × 104 grains/hm2 is more capable of obtaining high yield,and 675 × 104 ~ 825× 104 grains/hm2 is more suitable for late sowing of winter wheat even sowing planting density. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation LI Jie, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, XU Wenxiu, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 53-59.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.007 Abstract （1588）   HTML （10）    PDF （1093KB）（18）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter production, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022, under the conditions of drip irrigation in the field, five treatments were set up: no urea (F0), ordinary urea (F1), humate urea (F2), controlled release urea single base application (F3) and controlled release urea fractional application (F4). The changes of yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under different drip irrigation treatments were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that in the test period, the SPAD value of winter wheat leaves under F4 treatment was the highest, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were also higher than those under other treatments, while the intercellular CO2 concentration was the lowest. Dry matter accumulation per plant of each treatment was F4>F2>F3>F1>F0 at flowering stage and filling stage. The highest yield of drip irrigation under different treatments was 9,210.95 kg/hm2 under F4 treatment, which was 21.64%, 12.52%, 6.87% and 7.77% higher than that under F0, F1, F2 and F3 treatments, respectively. The maximum nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (11.29 kg /kg) and nitrogen partial productivity (40.71 kg /kg) of winter wheat were obtained under F4 treatment. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that under the experimental conditions, controlled release urea fractional application F4 treatment of winter wheat leaves has better photosynthetic indexes and higher grain yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Whole genome resequencing screening of candidate genes for lactation yield in Kazakh horses MENG Chen, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jianwen, YAO Xinkui, LUO Penghui, XIE Xiaoyu, LI Pengcheng, LIU Xiaoxiao, WANG Chuankun, MENG Jun Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (4): 993-1001.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.024 Abstract （1473）   HTML （5）    PDF （1220KB）（8）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To perform whole genome resequencing of jugular vein blood of Kazakh horses to identify candidate genes regulating differences in lactation in Kazakh horses and to provide data support for the selection of Kazakh horses for dairy performance. 【Methods】 According to the lactation volume data of 30-105 d of test horses, 12 healthy Kazakh horses with similar age, parity and consistent feeding background, that was, 6 in the high lactation group (HW) and 6 in the low lactation group were selected. Altogether, a total of 288 blood samples were collected during the whole monitoring cycle, and 48 blood samples were selected for whole genome resequencing, 6 blood samples of lactation greater than 2. 26 kg in the HW group and 6 blood samples of lactation less than 1.05 kg in the LW group were selected for whole genome resequencing, and a total of 288 blood samples were obtained. A total of 88 blood samples were collected during the whole monitoring period, and 48 blood samples were collected at the actual peak lactation date. 6 blood samples from the HW group with lactation greater than 2.26 kg and 6 blood samples from the LW group with lactation less than 1.05 kg were selected for whole-genome resequencing, which yielded a total of 20,234,241 mutated sites; 980,491,918 valid sites were obtained after removing the sequences with junctions and low-quality sequences. The loci in the first 0.000,01 of Top were selected, and the threshold value was determined to be 0.000,147,8, with a total of 88 mutation loci located in 40 candidate genes. The candidate genes were analysed for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment, and the significantly enriched pathways were condensed and classified to locate the biological processes affecting high and low lactation in Kazakh horses; the pathway enrichment chordal maps were drawn to further identify the genes related to lactation in Kazakh horses. 【Results】 GO and KEGG enrichment analyses found the largest number in cell development, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion-related and CNS and endocrine system developmental enrichment pathways, and the pathways of cell adhesion molecule binding, morphogenesis of differentiated cells, morphogenesis of cellular components, cellular development, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, Axon guidance, and ECM receptor interactions affecting lactation. 【Conclusion】 It is determined that KIT, EPHA4, PDGFRA, MYH3, ITGA1, and COL4A1 may be candidate genes affecting lactation in Kazakh horses. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different phosphorus application modes on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of Dry-Seeded and Wet-Emerged winter wheat ZHANG Yanting, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, CHEN Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 29-36.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.004 Abstract （1446）   HTML （9）    PDF （1233KB）（27）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application methods on the photosynthesis characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of dry-seeded wet-irrigated winter wheat, and to provide theoretical basis for phosphorus fertilizer application methods in dry-seeded wet-irrigated mode under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Under field test conditions, Xindong 22 was used as experimental material, and a two-factor split plot experiment design was adopted. Two kinds of seedling emergence water methods were set up in the main plot: sowing (F) and dry sowing (D). Under the condition of the same total phosphorus application amount, three phosphorus application methods were set up in the secondary district, 100% base application (P1), 70% base application +30% drop application (P2), 50% base application +50% drop application (P3), and the effects of different phosphorus application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of wet wheat were analyzed. 【Results】 Phosphorus fertilizer postpone significantly increased leaf SPAD value and LAI of wheat by 0.88%-7.63% and 7.25%-49.38%, respectively. In the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat, all indexes showed a downward trend with the growth period, among which DP3 treatment showed the best performance, Pn, Tr and Gs were 25.59μmol/ (m2·s), 18.21 mmol/ (m2·s) and 0.73 mmol/ (m2·s) at flowering stage, respectively. The lowest Ci was 324.88μmol/mol, and the difference between treatments was significant. The number of panes, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were increased by 1.36%-18.43%、0.59%-4.06% and 0.77%-7.21%, respectively, compared with FP1 treatment. The grain yield was DP3>DP2>FP3>FP2>DP1>FP1. Compared with FP1, the yield increase of each treatment was more than 4.5%. 【Conclusion】 DP3 treatment (50% base application +50% topdressing) can promote photosynthesis of winter wheat under the experimental conditions, and the yield and yield components have the best performance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）