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Effects of different growth regulator and its application times on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation ZHANG Jingcan, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 37-44.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.005 Abstract （2864）   HTML （7）    PDF （1136KB）（19）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To select the most suitable growth regulators and the application times of regulators in the hope of providing theoretical basis for lodging resistance and control measures of Xinjiang drip irrigation wheat. 【Methods】 Xinjong 18 were taken as the material, and different regulators as the main zones under the field drip irrigation conditions from 2021 to 2022: clear water control (CK), calcium modulate · Enodozole (A), nanocin (B), enodozole·methylpiperonium (C), antyloxyl ester (D), polylodozole (E), and in addition, the frequency of regulator application was used as the secondary zones: A total of 12 treatments were applied at rise stage (P1) and rise stage + jointing stage (P2) to analyze the effects of different treatments on plant height, center of gravity height, internode length, stem diameter, stem bending resistance and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height could be controlled effectively, the center of gravity height and internode length could be reduced, and the bending resistance of the basal stems could be improved. The bending resistance of the basal stems was increased by 8.97% and 14.89% in the treatment of one-time and twice spraying of regulator. BP2 treatment could effectively increase the effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight, and the panicle number increased significantly under CP2 treatment. Under the premise of spraying one regulator, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP1, BP1 and CP1 treatments, and under the premise of spraying two regulators, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP2, BP2, CP2 and DP2 treatments. 【Conclusion】 The plant height of AP2 and BP2 are relatively suitable, the stem lodging resistance is better, and the grain yield is increased greatly. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat CHEN Chuanxin, ZHANG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 68-74.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.009 Abstract （1578）   HTML （7）    PDF （946KB）（27）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 This research aims to understand the effects of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat. 【Methods】 Field experiments were conducted on the treatment of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer.A comparative study was conducted on the chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area index, photosynthetic fluorescence index, and yield of wheat under different treatments. 【Results】 The photosynthetic characteristics of wheat leaves varied among different treatments.There was no significant difference in chlorophyll SPAD value, initial fluorescence intensity, and maximum photochemical efficiency among the treatments.The chlorophyll SPAD value of PN2 was the highest in the combination treatment of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agent, and the chlorophyll SPAD value during the flowering and filling stages increased by 0.68 and 0.70, respectively, compared to the full nitrogen fertilizer treatment without microbial agent.The leaf area index of PN2 treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was the highest, significantly higher than that of PN0 treated without nitrogen fertilizer.The leaf area index during the flowering and filling stages increased by 38.59% and 37.70%, respectively, compared to PN0.The net photosynthetic rate of PN2 treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was higher than that of PN1, PN3, and PN4 treatments, and significantly higher than that of PN0 treatment.The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents resulted in the highest PN2, significantly higher than other treatments, with an increase of 41.63%, 9.53%, 20.65%, and 22.70% compared to PN0, PN1, PN3, and PN4 treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents showed the best comprehensive performance in wheat photosynthetic characteristics and yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of combined application of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat and the fertilizer effect SUN Na, MA Lin, ZOU Hui, ZHANG Zhihui, ZHANG Shengjun, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, LI Zhibin, CAO Junmei, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.001 Abstract （1544）   HTML （35）    PDF （1213KB）（91）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 It is important to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer rationing on the yield and quality of wheat and the fertilizer effect, and to find out the optimal NPK fertilizer application rate and fertilizer ration for high yield, high quality and high efficiency of wheat. 【Methods】 The winter wheat cultivar Xindong 42 was used as the test material, and the fertilizer effect test design scheme "3414" was adopted to conduct the field plot test to determine the yield and quality related traits of winter wheat and to fit the fertilizer effect model. 【Results】 Meanwhile the effect of NPK fertilizer on yield showed reciprocal effects, with the size of the reciprocal effects being NPK>NP>NK>PK in the order of NPK>NP>PK. Among the 14 treatments, N2P2K2 had the highest yield and economic benefit of 8,036.03 kg/hm2 and 18,044.85 yuan/hm2, respectively. After being analyzed by the regression equation, the maximum yield of 8,082.75 kg/hm2 was achieved when the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 190.21, 122.27 and 53.11 kg/hm2, respectively; the best economic benefit achieved was 18,056.37/hm2,when the application rates 171.03, 108.18 and 44.77 kg/hm2, respectively; maximum starch dry basis content 5,742.29 kg/hm2 was obtained 180.00, 125.69 and 50.90 kg/hm2, respectively; maximum wet gluten content 274.64, 69.75 and 138.95 kg/hm2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could significantly improve the yield, quality and economic benefits of Xindong 42. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Yield formation characteristics of different spring wheat varieties in dryland farming area of Xinjiang CHEN Hui, ZHANG Yongqiang, BI Haiyan, TANJun , CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, YU Jianxin, LU Dong, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 13-20.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.002 Abstract （1492）   HTML （10）    PDF （904KB）（33）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To screen out high-yield spring wheat varieties suitable for planting and promotion under rain-fed agriculture conditions in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The chlorophyll content, agronomic traits and yield of 32 spring wheat varieties were determined, and the drought tolerance of spring wheat in Xinjiang was comprehensively evaluated by analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The chlorophyll content of Xinchun 44 was the highest, which was 11.92% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688. The coefficient of variation of the main quantitative traits of spring wheat ranged from 6.18% to 28.75%, and the four indexes of actual yield, biomass per plant, number of infertile spikelets and 1000-grain weight had rich genetic variation and great potential for improvement. The highest yield of Xinchun 44 was 6,174.76 kg/hm2, which was 82.04% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688.There was a significant positive correlation between the yield and 1000-grain weight (P< 0.01), which were significantly positively correlated with the number of grains per panicle and stem length under panicle (P< 0. 05). At the genetic distance of 12.5, it was divided into five major groups, and the traits of each group were significantly different, and the number of grains per spike and the yield of group II Xinchun 44 were significantly higher than those of other groups. 【Conclusion】 Considering comprehensively, it is considered that Xinchun 44 has the strongest drought tolerance and is suitable for planting and promotion in the dryland of Xinjiang. After comprehensive consideration, it is believed that Xinchun 44 drought resistance is the strongest and is suitable for planting and promotion in dry land in Xinjiang. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers with humic acid strategies on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat MA Lin, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, ZOU Hui, SUN Na, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 60-67.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.008 Abstract （1446）   HTML （8）    PDF （1195KB）（17）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and soil conditioner dosing strategies on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and yield components of wheat in the hope of providing reference for the reasonable dosing of nitrogen fertilizer and humic acid for wheat in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Under drip irrigation in large fields, five treatments of winter wheat variety Yinong 22 were set up without nitrogen fertilizer (CK), basal application of 18-Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) + Trailing urea (T1), basal application of 16-DAP + Trailing urea (T2), basal application of 18-DAP + Trailing humic acid urea (T3), and basal application of 16-DAP + Trailing humic acid urea (T4) to explore the effects of different fertilizer application strategies on the biomass, leaf area index, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, yield and yield components of winter wheat. 【Results】 Each N application treatment significantly increased winter wheat below-ground biomass, above-ground biomass, photosynthetic capacity, yield and yield components relative to the CK treatment, with significant differences between the basal application of humic acid urea relative to the basal application of urea treatment under the same basal application condition, whereas there were differences, but not significant, between the basal application of different diammonium phosphate treatments under the same basal application condition. The leaf area index, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of nitrogen application treatment increased by 4.88% - 32.43%, 18.31% - 36.36% and 13.31% - 42.17%, respectively, compared with the control treatment, which showed T4>T3>T1>T2>CK; the number of spikes, number of grains in a spike and thousand-grain weight of the nitrogen treatment increased by 23.99%-32.04%, respectively, compared with the control treatment, 10.16%-15.29% and 3.95%-5.64%, respectively, which showed T4>T3>T2>T1>CK; T3 treatment increased the below-ground biomass, above-ground biomass, and yield by 13.32%, 3.61%, and 1.77%, respectively, compared with T1 treatment, and T4 treatment increased the yield by 9.84%, 7.14%, and 5.81%, respectively, compared with T2. The T4 treatment effect was optimal among all the treatments. 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen application is favorable to the growth and development of winter wheat, which can significantly increase the biomass, photosynthetic capacity and yield of winter wheat. The effect of the follow-up application of humic acid urea at the nodulation stage was better than that of the basal application of different types of diammonium phosphate, among which the T4 treatment (basal application of 16-diammonium phosphate + follow-up application of humic acid urea) has the best effect in enhancing the biomass, photosynthetic capacity and yield of winter wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation LI Jie, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, XU Wenxiu, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 53-59.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.007 Abstract （1402）   HTML （9）    PDF （1093KB）（11）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter production, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022, under the conditions of drip irrigation in the field, five treatments were set up: no urea (F0), ordinary urea (F1), humate urea (F2), controlled release urea single base application (F3) and controlled release urea fractional application (F4). The changes of yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under different drip irrigation treatments were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that in the test period, the SPAD value of winter wheat leaves under F4 treatment was the highest, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were also higher than those under other treatments, while the intercellular CO2 concentration was the lowest. Dry matter accumulation per plant of each treatment was F4>F2>F3>F1>F0 at flowering stage and filling stage. The highest yield of drip irrigation under different treatments was 9,210.95 kg/hm2 under F4 treatment, which was 21.64%, 12.52%, 6.87% and 7.77% higher than that under F0, F1, F2 and F3 treatments, respectively. The maximum nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (11.29 kg /kg) and nitrogen partial productivity (40.71 kg /kg) of winter wheat were obtained under F4 treatment. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that under the experimental conditions, controlled release urea fractional application F4 treatment of winter wheat leaves has better photosynthetic indexes and higher grain yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of uniform sowing and densification on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat XIE Xiurong, ZHANG Yongqiang, HAI Feng, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, WANG Jichuan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 21-28.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.003 Abstract （1400）   HTML （23）    PDF （908KB）（35）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of uniform sowing on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat in northern Xinjiang, and to provide basis for reasonable dense planting of late sowing wheat in the region. 【Methods】 Delayed sowing time (sowing date was October 26, witha delay of 16~ 38 d) was used to analyze the effects of late sowingand uniform sowing on the population structue and yield of winter wheat during the appropriate sowing period of winter wheat (September 20~ 30), and differe nt planting densities were set up in the field:525×104 grains/hm2(D1, the conventional sowing density of the field),600×104 grains/hm2 (D2), 675×104 grains/hm2(D3), 750×104 grains/hm2(D4),825×104 grains/hm2(D5), and 900×104 grains/hm2(D6), to compare the population structure of late sowing winter wheat with different planting densities. 【Results】 Under late sowing conditions, with the increase of planting density, the number of stems and tillers increased, with the D1 treatment having the highest tiller success rate of 46.08%, which was higher than the other treatments by 2. 01%, 8. 94%, 29. 58%, 43. 02%, and 44. 63%, in that order;Plant height increased with increasing density, and all D1 treatments differed significantly from D5 and D6 treatments, and basalinternode 1 and internode 2 coarseness gradually decreased; the difference betweenD1 treatment and D5 and D6 treatment was significant,With D3 treatment (6.75 million grains /hm2), the leaf area of each leaf layer at flowering stage reached the maximumvalue (27.58 cm2, 25.75 cm2, 18.45 cm2),andthe leaf area index LAI also reached the maximum value (6.93), and the light transmission from floweringstage to wax ripening stage decreased the least among all treatments. The maximum yield was 8,908.47kg/hm2 under D5 treatment,and the minimum yield was 7,320.47 kg/hm2 under D1 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of late sowing, the planting density of 675 × 104 grains/hm2 has better population structure, while 825 × 104 grains/hm2 is more capable of obtaining high yield,and 675 × 104 ~ 825× 104 grains/hm2 is more suitable for late sowing of winter wheat even sowing planting density. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different phosphorus application modes on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of Dry-Seeded and Wet-Emerged winter wheat ZHANG Yanting, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, CHEN Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 29-36.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.004 Abstract （1285）   HTML （7）    PDF （1233KB）（21）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application methods on the photosynthesis characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of dry-seeded wet-irrigated winter wheat, and to provide theoretical basis for phosphorus fertilizer application methods in dry-seeded wet-irrigated mode under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Under field test conditions, Xindong 22 was used as experimental material, and a two-factor split plot experiment design was adopted. Two kinds of seedling emergence water methods were set up in the main plot: sowing (F) and dry sowing (D). Under the condition of the same total phosphorus application amount, three phosphorus application methods were set up in the secondary district, 100% base application (P1), 70% base application +30% drop application (P2), 50% base application +50% drop application (P3), and the effects of different phosphorus application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of wet wheat were analyzed. 【Results】 Phosphorus fertilizer postpone significantly increased leaf SPAD value and LAI of wheat by 0.88%-7.63% and 7.25%-49.38%, respectively. In the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat, all indexes showed a downward trend with the growth period, among which DP3 treatment showed the best performance, Pn, Tr and Gs were 25.59μmol/ (m2·s), 18.21 mmol/ (m2·s) and 0.73 mmol/ (m2·s) at flowering stage, respectively. The lowest Ci was 324.88μmol/mol, and the difference between treatments was significant. The number of panes, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were increased by 1.36%-18.43%、0.59%-4.06% and 0.77%-7.21%, respectively, compared with FP1 treatment. The grain yield was DP3>DP2>FP3>FP2>DP1>FP1. Compared with FP1, the yield increase of each treatment was more than 4.5%. 【Conclusion】 DP3 treatment (50% base application +50% topdressing) can promote photosynthesis of winter wheat under the experimental conditions, and the yield and yield components have the best performance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different types of salt and alkali stress on cotton seed germination DONG Zhiduo, XU Fei, FU Qiuping, HUANG Jian, QI Tong, MENG Ajing, FU Yanbo, Kaisaier Kuerban Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1831-1844.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.002 Abstract （281）   HTML （24）    PDF （2106KB）（85）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the influence and threshold of different types of saline-alkali stress on the germination of cotton seeds. 【Methods】 Four types of saline-alkali stress and seven concentration levels were simulated by Petri dish method. Cotton seeds of Xinluzhong 84, Tahe 2, Xinluzhong 40 and Jiumian 18 were used as research objects. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, seed vigor index, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings after germination were analyzed, salt tolerance threshold and membership function values were calculated, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out. 【Results】 (1) The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vitality index, fresh weight and dry weight of cotton seed after germination showed a significant downward trend under the four types of saline-alkali stress. There was a significant negative correlation between saline-alkali concentration and all indexes, and the correlation between saline-alkali concentration and germination rate was more than -0.90. (2) The salt tolerance thresholds of cotton at germination stage were different under the four types of saline-alkali stress conditions. The salt tolerance thresholds under S1 stress ranged from 90.70 to 121.73 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S2 stress ranged from 82.68 to 128.30 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S3 stress ranged from 51.97 to 84.62 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S4 stress ranged from 73.49 to 98.21 mmol/L. (3) The salt tolerance of cotton seeds under four kinds of saline-alkali stress was analyzed by membership function and its order was Xinluzhong 84 > Xinluzhong 40 > Tahe 2 > Jiumian 18 under S1 stress, Xinluzhong 84 > Tahe 2 > Xinluzhong 40 > Jiumian 18 under S2 stress, and Tahe 2 > Xinluzhong 40 > Xinluzhong 84 > Jiumian 18 under S3 stress. It was found that the order of salt tolerance of cotton seeds under S4 stress was consistent with that under S2 stress. 【Conclusion】 The germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of cotton seeds are decreased under the four types of saline-alkali stress, and the fresh and dry weight of seedlings shows a downward trend with the increase of the concentration. The effect of alkaline salt on the germination of cotton seed is obviously greater than that of neutral salt. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Functional analysis of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase gene Gh4CL30 in upland cotton GONG Junming, XIONG Xianpeng, ZHANG Caixia, SHAO Dongnan, CHENG Shuaishuai, SUN Jie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1301-1309.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.001 Abstract （246）   HTML （29）    PDF （1879KB）（44）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To preliminarily study the biological function of 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) family gene gh4cl30, which might provide theoretical basis and genetic resources for cotton plant breeding. 【Methods】 Virus-induced gene silencing technology and gene editing technology was used to obtain gh4cl30-silenced and edited plants and determine the flavone and lignin contents of the gene suppressed and knockout plants to investigate field phenotype, seed size and fiber quality. 【Results】 Both gene silencing and gene editing of the gene resulted in dwarfing of the plants and a significant reduction of lignin content in the plant stalks.Field phenotypic measurements showed that seed size and fiber length were significantly reduced in the gene edited plants. 【Conclusion】 Gh4CL30 affects cotton growth and development mainly through regulating lignin biosynthesis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of organic and inorganic combined application on yield, soil nutrients and enzyme activities of winter wheat HOU Lili, WANG Wei, CUI Xinju, ZHOU Dawei Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1845-1852.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.003 Abstract （243）   HTML （13）    PDF （1062KB）（50）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To further investigate the effects of organic inorganic combination application on winter wheat growth and soil quality. 【Methods】 A randomized block design of experiments was used to set six treatments: no fertilization, farmers' conventional fertilization, manure rplacing 25%(CF+M25) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 50%(CF+M50) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 75%(CF+M75) chemical fertilizer, and single application of manure. 0-20 cm of arable soil was collected at the turning green, jointing, flowering, and filling stages, and the internal relationship between soil enzyme activity and wheat yield, soil nutrients under the condition of organic and inorganic fertilizer application at each growth stage was discussed. 【Results】 Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment for farmers, 25% and 50% manure treatment increased the number of ears and grains per ear per unit area; The yield of winter wheat under M treatment was 16.2%, 15.9% and 16.8% lower than those under 25%(CF+M25), 50%(CF+M50) and 75%(CF+M75) manure replacement treatments, respectively; The total nitrogen content of CF+M25 and CF+M50 treatments showed a continuous increasing trend, reaching its maximum value during the mature period. The highest available potassium content was observed in the M treatment at each growth stage, which showed a significant difference compared to other treatments. It reached its maximum value of 297.5 mg/kg during the jointing stage, significantly increasing by 50.5% compared to the CF treatment; Soil enzyme activity was highly significantly correlated with available phosphorus content, but not significantly correlated with available potassium. 【Conclusion】 Soil nutrients, enzyme activities and winter wheat yield are closely related. The combination of manure with 30% can achieve the theoretical maximum yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of microbial inoculants on growth and yield of winter wheat CHEN Fang, LI Zihui, WANG Bingyue, SUN Xiaogui, ZHANG Tingjun Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1853-1860.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.004 Abstract （240）   HTML （13）    PDF （847KB）（56）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of microbial agent Junlintianxia on the wheat growth and yield and provide reference for the application of microbial agent in Xinjiang winter wheat. 【Methods】 Under the condition of field drip irrigation, wheat varieties Xindong 22, Xindong 52, Xindong 53 and Shidong 0358 were used to analyze the effects of no microbial agent Junlintianxia and microbial agent Junlintianxia on the growth and yield of winter wheat. 【Results】 The rate of emergence of wheat was slightly higher than that of the control or the same as that, the time of heading to maturity was slightly higher or the same, and the growth period was almost the same. The average plant height, tiller number and stem diameter increased 0.5 cm, 0.4 and 1.1 mm, respectively. The control effect of root rot was the best in No. 103 group (25.5%). The average weight per spike increased by 0.1g, the average number of grains per spike increased by 2.3 grains, the average yield per mu increased by 38.7 kg/667m2, and the yield per unit yield of the experiment field increased by 6%, higher than that of the control field. The average net increase was 111.4 yuan/667m2 compared with the control field. 【Conclusion】 The application of microbial agent (or Junlintianxia) has no obvious effect on the growth period of wheat, but has seedling preservation effect on winter wheat, which promotes wheat growth and development, has control effect on winter wheat diseases, and increasing effect on winter wheat yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on cotton biomass estimation based on multi-spectral imaging features of unmanned aerial vehicle SHAO Yajie, LI Ke, DING Wenhao, LIN Tao, CUI Jianping, GUO Rensong, WANG Liang, WU Fengquan, WANG Xin, TANG Qiuxiang Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1328-1335.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.004 Abstract （237）   HTML （11）    PDF （1265KB）（42）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To explore the applicability and accuracy of cotton biomass estimation model based on Vegetation Indexes (VIs) and machine learning algorithm. 【Methods】 On the interaction between nitrogen application and density at the experimental and collected AGB data and UAV multispectral remote sensing images of cotton fields at the main fertility periods simultaneously to calculate eight VIs and introduce three VIs with the highest AGB correlation coefficients.Vactor Regression (SVR), Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), and Deep Neural Network (DNN), and evaluated the applicability and estimation accuracy of different VIs and models. 【Results】 All eight VIs showed significant correlations with AGB, among which the absolute values of the correlation coefficients |r| of NGBDI, NDREI and EXG reached 0.659-0.788, and there was a significant correlation between them and cotton biomass.(3) Among the three regression models, the SVR model had the best estimation effect, with the model validation accuracy of R2=0.89, RMSE=2.30, and rRMSE=0.20. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the PLSR and DNN estimation models, the SVR model is more suitable for estimating cotton biomass, and the study is important for enriching the remote sensing monitoring technology of cotton biomass and improving the accurate management of production.The study is important to enrich the remote sensing monitoring technology of cotton biomass and improve the accurate management of production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification and evaluation of fruit branch angle and machine-picked agronomic traits in Gossypium hirsutum L. YE Pingyi, LONG Yilei, TANG Yanping, DU Xiao, AN Mengjie, TAO Zhixin, LIANG Farui, AI Xiantao, HU Shoulin Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1318-1327.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.003 Abstract （234）   HTML （15）    PDF （1237KB）（46）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To make the correlation analysis between the angle of fruit branches of upland cotton resources and the agronomic traits in the hope of finding the range of fruit branches the agricultural characteristics of the machine, and select the cotton varieties suitable for the machineangle suitable for machine picking with high yield and selecting the cotton varieties suitable for the machine. 【Methods】 Descriptive statistics, correlation, clustering and principal component analysis were carried out on fruit branch angle and agronomic traits of 300 upland cotton germplasm resources. 【Results】 The variation coefficient of the other 7 traits was greater than 10% except for the number of fruit branches, coat fraction, weight of single boll and angle of fruit branches, and the variation coefficient of the number of boll per plant was the largest, which was 25.28%. There was significant positive correlation between fruit branch angle and yield characters such as boll weight, lint quality and effective fruit branch number. When the Euclidean distance was 4, 300 pieces of upland cotton could be divided into 5 groups according to the size of the angle between the fruit branches, which are 47.5°-50.1°, 50.9°-55.5°, 55.7°-58.5°, 58.6°-62.8°, 63.2°-66.5°. Group I had the smallest fruit branch angle, short plants and low yield potential. The fruit branch angle size and the plant height of the second and third group were suitable, the plants were compact, the plant type was mostly tower type, barrel type, easy to pick and the yield was higher. As for class IV and V, the branch angle their plant type was mostly tower type and inverted tower type, and their yields were high with high yield potential. A total of 4 principal components were extracted from the principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 74.87%, which explained most of the information of agronomic traits of 300 upland cotton resources. The principal component factors were respectively the height of the beginning of fruit branch, the number of effective fruit branch and the weight of single boll. 【Conclusion】 There is a significant positive correlation between fruit branch angle and yield traits in upland cotton. When the branch branch angle is 47.5°-65.5°, the larger the branch angle is, the higher the yield traits are. When the angle range of fruit branches is 50.9°-58.5°, the cotton yield is higher and meets the requirements of machine-picked cotton. The comprehensive score evaluation of cotton varieties in this range is carried out, and 10 cotton varieties suitable for machine-picked cotton varieties are selected as excellent breeding materials. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on growth, development, yield and quality of Gossypium barbadense L. ZHANG Chengjie, HU Haoran, DUAN Songjiang, WU Yifan, ZHANG Jusong Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1821-1830.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.001 Abstract （230）   HTML （17）    PDF （1279KB）（65）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The objective of this study is to study the regulatory effects of different nitrogen fertilizations and densities on the growth and development of cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for rational dense planting and optimal nitrogen application of s Gossypium barbadense L. in the future. 【Methods】 Under the natural ecological conditions in southern Xinjiang, the effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on the growth, development, yield and quality of sea-island cotton were studied by using Xin 78 as the material and a two-factor experimental design, with two planting densities in the main area and four nitrogen application levels in the secondary area. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches and the number of main stem leaves were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, but negatively correlated with planting density. The SPAD value of leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and density during the whole growth period. The dynamic curves of dry matter accumulation of Gossypium barbadense L. under different treatments were in line with the logistic model, and the dry matter accumulation of D24N2 was the largest, reaching 22,462 kg/hm2, but the dry matter accumulation and distribution of D20N0 in the reproductive organs accounted for the largest proportion, reaching 72%. The number of boll per plant and the weight of each boll were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, and negatively correlated with planting density, but the number of plants harvested per unit area was positively correlated with planting density, and the lint yield and seed cotton yield of D24N2 combination were the highest, which increased by 2,251.65 kg/hm2 and 774.77 kg/hm2, respectively compared with the lowest D24N0 combination. Planting density and nitrogen fertilization rate had no significant effect on the fiber quality of sea-island cotton. 【Conclusion】 Under the planting mode of machine picking cotton in southern Xinjiang, when the planting density is 240,000 plants/hm2 and the nitrogen application rate is 320 kg/hm2, the growth indexes of sea-island cotton performed well, and the lint yield is the highest, reaching 2,122.62 kg/hm2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of spring irrigation quota on water temperature and salt distribution in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton FU Xinfa, LYU Tingbo, WANG Jiulong, LI Gangqiang, SONG Renyou, LIU Yifan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1336-1344.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.005 Abstract （215）   HTML （15）    PDF （1477KB）（42）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of different spring irrigation quotas on water temperature and salinity in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District.Provide a certain scientific basis for the reasonable spring irrigation quotas in the southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Three water treatments (W1:1,350 m3/hm2, W2:1,800 m3/hm2, W3:2,250m3/hm2) were set up for spring irrigation to analyze the effects of different spring irrigation quotas on water temperature and salinity of cotton fields and cotton seedling growth. 【Results】 The average soil water content in the 0-60 cm soil layer of the W3 treatment was higher than those of the W1 and W2 treatments, and the water retention capacity of the upper tillage layer was better.The W3 treatment had a lower ground temperature at different depths than those of the W1 and W2 treatments, and the ground temperatures between the rows were higher than those between the membranes.The salt content in the surface layer of W1 treatment was lower than those of W2 and W3 treatments, and the salt washing rate of 0-50 cm was 6.77%, 22.22% and 30.03%, respectively, and the larger the amount of spring irrigation water, the better the effect of salt washing, and the average salt accumulation rate of 50-100 cm was -39.89%, -58.95% and -68.91%, respectively, which indicated that with the increase of irrigation water, the salts were carried by the water into the deeper layer and increased.The height, stem thickness and leaf area of cotton seedlings in the W1 treatment were the largest, and a certain degree of water deficit was favorable to the growth of cotton seedlings. 【Conclusion】 Different spring irrigation quotas have a certain degree of salt washing and moisture increase effect, manifested as W3 > W2 > W1 treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Cloning and subcellular localization of the GHWAT1-35 gene in Gossypium hirsutum MA Shangjie, LI Shengmei, YANG Tao, WANG Honggang, ZHAO Kang, PANG Bo, GAO Wenwei Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1310-1317.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.002 Abstract （215）   HTML （16）    PDF （1829KB）（30）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To explore the role of GHWAT1-35 gene in the development of cotton fibers. 【Methods】 In this study, the fiber at different developmental stages post-anthesis of Gossypium hirsutum variety Xi9 were used as materials.The full-length cDNA sequence of the GHWAT1-35 gene was successfully cloned and subjected to bioinformatics analysis, real-time fluorescence quantitative (qRT-PCR) analysis, and subcellular localization. 【Results】 The length of the GHWAT1-35 gene was 1125 bp, encoding 374 amino acids, with a relative molecular weight is 40.23 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.74.Protein multiple sequence alignment and construction of a systematic evolutionary tree analysis showed that the GHWAT1-35 protein was most closely related to the Gossypium arboreum.The expression of the GHWAT1-35 gene significantly increased at 15 days after flowering, and subcellular localization predicted that the protein was located on the cytoplasmic membrane.The GHWAT1-35 gene was recombined with the pCAMIA1300-35S-YFP vector to construct a fusion expression vector, which was then transformed into Agrobacterium using the freeze-thaw method and after being injected into tobacco.The GHWAT1-35 protein was observed to be located on the cytoplasmic membrane. 【Conclusion】 The GHWAT1-35 gene plays an important role in fiber development, providing a foundation for further exploration of its biological function in Gossypium hirsutum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment YUAN Yilin, YAN An, ZUO Xiaoxiao, HOU Zhengqing, ZHANG Zhenfei, XIAO Shuting, SUN Zhe, MA Mengqian, ZHAO Yuhang Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1872-1882.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.006 Abstract （210）   HTML （6）    PDF （1603KB）（27）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 Study on impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment.【Methods】 A field enrichment experiment was conducted at Shihuzi Village Farm in Wugongtai Town, Hutubi County, Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang to study the effects of organic fertilizer on soil organic matter and nutrient levels. Six treatments were employed: a control without fertilizer application (CK), a conventional fertilizer application (CF), two levels of nitrogen reduction (T1D1, T1D2, reduced by 15% and 30%, respectively), and two bio-organic fertilizer application rates (T2D1, T2D2, at 1,125 kg/hm2 and 2,250 kg/hm2). Each treatment was replicated four times. 【Results】 In comparison to CF, treatments combining reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited improved leaf area index (LAI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values for spring wheat. The theoretical yield of spring wheat increased by 9.03% to 28.84%. The nitrogen reduction treatments lowered soil pH and electrical conductivity in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, while augmenting soil organic matter. With the same nitrogen reduction, the treatment with 2,250 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer displayed higher soil nutrient content compared with the treatment with 1,125 kg/hm2. When applying the same quantity of bio-organic fertilizer, the 15% nitrogen reduction treatment had greater soil nutrient content than the 30% reduction treatment. In contrast to CK and CF treatments, the treatments integrating reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited increased populations of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, whereas soil fungal populations diminished. 【Conclusion】 A 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilization coupled with bio-organic fertilizer application emerges as an effective fertilization strategy, which encourages prudent utilization of fertilizer resources, enhances soil conditions, promots spring wheat growth in saline-alkali lands, reduces soil pH and electrical conductivity, boosts soil nutrient levels, and optimizes soil microbiota composition. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of salt tolerance of 197 upland cotton varieties at germination stage LIU Huijie, WANG Junhao, GONG Zhaolong, LIANG Yajun, WANG Junduo, LI Xueyuan, ZHENG Juyun, WANG Jichuan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (7): 1574-1581.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.002 Abstract （208）   HTML （14）    PDF （795KB）（67）       Knowledge map    【Objective】By identifying and evaluating the salt tolerance of upland cotton germplasm resources during the germination stage, this research can select good salt-tolerance germplasms.Based on this evaluation, the indicators of salt tolerance identification can be clarified, which provides theoretical support for the breeding improvement of upland cotton.【Methods】In this study, 197 varieties of upland cotton from both domestic and international sources were used as experimental materials.Salt stress treatments were administered at sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0 (as the control), 150, and 200 mmol/L.Nine parameters, including germination potential, rate, root length, and their relative measurements, were evaluated for the control and treatment groups.To assess the salt tolerance of these cotton varieties, a membership function method was applied, utilizing a comprehensive D-value for evaluation.【Results】The results indicated that a concentration of 150 mmol/L is ideal for determining salt tolerance in upland cotton during the germination stage.The coefficient of variation in the treatment group was consistently higher compared to the control group.A significant positive correlation was observed between the comprehensive D-value and the various traits of the treated plants.The comprehensive D-value as the primary factor.Based on a thorough evaluation, 4 materials were classified as highly salt-tolerant, 39 materials as salt-tolerant, 65 materials as moderately salt-tolerant, and 89 materials as salt-sensitive.【Conclusion】The study indicated that nine metrics, such as germination potential, germination rate, root length, and their respective relative values, are effective indicators for assessing salt tolerance.Among the tested materials, forty-three, including varieties 20N705 and C6524, demonstrated notably strong salt tolerance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation of drought resistance of different spring wheat germplasm introduced from Kazakhstan during seedling stage under 20% PEG stress WANG Yizhao, YANG Qizhi, LIU Yuxiu, Alayi Nurkamali, Vladimir Shvidchenko, ZHANG Zhengmao Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1352-1360.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.007 Abstract （207）   HTML （12）    PDF （1055KB）（45）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the germination characteristics and physiological characteristics of spring wheat seeds in Kazakhstan in the hope of providing reliable parent materials for breeding spring wheat varieties in the northwest arid region in China. 【Methods】 10% polyethylene glycol (polyethylene glycol 6000, PEG-6000) hypertonic solution was used to simulate drought stress conditions, the root length, seedling length, fresh root/dry weight, seeding fresh/dry weight, germination rate, germination potential and germination index of 28 test materials at seedling stage were compared and analyzed. In addition, the comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance during germination was carried out by membership function, principal component analysis. 【Results】 The results showed that compared with the control, the root length, seedling length, fresh root weight, fresh/dry weight, germination vigor and germination rate of Kazakhstan spring wheat germplasm under drought stress treatment were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), ranging from 18.29% to 52.17%, while root dry weight were significantly increased (P < 0.05), with an average increase of 66.67%, respectively. There were different degrees of correlation between the indicators, and most of the indicators had significant or extremely significant correlations between the drought resistance coefficients. The 9 drought resistance-related indicators of wheat seedling stage could be converted into 4 independent comprehensive indicators (fresh seedling/dry weight, seedling length and germination rate), which might be used as main indicator for drought tolerance evaluation of Kazakhstan spring wheat germplasm at seedling stage. Cluster analysis was performed on the weighted drought resistance index of 28 tested materials. 5 germplasms were classified as strong drought-resistant varieties, 17 were medium drought-resistant varieties, and 6 were weak drought-resistant varieties. 【Conclusion】 Due to strong germination characteristics and drought resistance at the seedling stage, 5 germplasms were suitable for providing drought-resistant parent materials in spring wheat breeding in the northwest arid region in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）