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Effects of spraying different concentrations of SAH by UAV on cotton growth and development LI Xuerui, ZHAI Menghua, XU Xinlong, SUN Minghui, ZHANG Jusong Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (5): 1085-1093.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.006 Abstract （330）   HTML （10）    PDF （1125KB）（32）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To study the regulation effect of different knot-cut amide concentrations on cotton growth, and to provide a scientific basis for the construction of light and simple cultivation.【Methods】Under the condition of the same dosage, the concentration concentration was controlled A total of 6 water volume were set, respectively 7.5(C1)、 15(C2)、22.5(C3)、30(C4)、37.5(C5)and 45(C6)L/hm2, to analyze the effects of different acetamine concentrations on the growth and development of cotton.【Results】The spraying of low concentration (C5 and C6) will prolong the growth period of cotton and make the cotton mature late; the cotton plant treated with medium concentration (C3 and C4) is the best, in which the C4 treatment has the highest yield; the high concentration of acetamide (C1 and C2) will advance the cotton growth period, shorten the growth period, promote the growth of peach, and reduce the single bell weight of cotton.【Conclusion】In the use of cotton in southern Xinjiang, the control effect of the water amount was 30 L/hm2, and the yield reached 2,762.6 kg/hm2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of soil moisture on leaf protective enzyme activities and yield of spring wheat cultivars with different drought resistance ZHANG Hongzhi, WANG Lihong, SHI Jia, KONG Depeng, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, LI Jianfeng, WANG Chunsheng, XIA Jianqiang, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (5): 1041-1047.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.001 Abstract （329）   HTML （27）    PDF （1198KB）（59）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To study the effects of soil moisture on the yield of protective enzyme active agent in different drought-resistant varieties in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the breeding of drought-resistant spring wheat varieties.【Methods】Under field conditions, Xinchun 46 with strong drought resistance, Xinchun 37 with medium drought resistance and Xinchun 26 with weak drought resistance were used as experimental materials to study the effects of soil moisture on SOD, POD, CAT activities, MDA content and yield of flag leaves of spring wheat varieties with different drought resistance.【Results】With the increase of water deficit, the activities of SOD and CAT in flag leaves of wheat increased at flowering stage, and first increased and then decreased at filling stage.POD activity increased at flowering stage and then decreased, and increased at grout stage.MDA content showed an increasing trend.The SOD and POD activity of drought-resistant cultivar Xinchun 46 > drought-resistant medium cultivar Xinchun 37 > drought-resistant weak cultivar Xinchun 26 showed an opposite trend among varieties.The harvest panicle number, grain number per ear and yield decreased with the increase of water deficit.The harvest panicle number and grain number per ear of Xinchun 46 with strong drought resistance decreased less than those of Xinchun 37 and Xinchun 26 under limited irrigation and deficit irrigation, and the yield of Xinchun 46 under water deficit was higher than those of the other two varieties.【Conclusion】Under the condition of limited irrigation and deficit irrigation, the flag leaves of Xinchun 46 with strong drought resistance had higher SOD and POD enzyme activities, lower MDA content, and stronger active oxygen scavenging ability, which effectively delayed the senility of wheat plants.Compared with the cultivars with moderate drought resistance and weak drought resistance, the number of harvested ears and grain per ear decreased less, which was conducive to higher yield under the condition of water deficit. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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RNA-seq-based mining and analysis of drought-related genes in barley seedlings JU Le, QI Juncang, NIU Yinting, SHI Peichun, SONG Ruijiao, SONG Lingyu, YIN Zhigang, CHEN Peiyu, QIANG Xuelan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (5): 1077-1084.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.005 Abstract （306）   HTML （8）    PDF （1008KB）（24）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To excavate the genes related to drought resistance in the hope of providing theoretical support for analyzing the molecular drought resistance mechanism of barley and guiding the drought resistance breeding of barley.【Methods】Taking New beer No.6 as the test material, we applied transcriptome sequencing RNA-seq technology to sequence the inverted bilobed leaves of barley seedlings before and after drought stress, and real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was used to verify the functional genes.【Results】(1) In this study, 3835 differentially expressed genes were detected in the inverted bilobed of New beer 6 before and after drought stress by using RNA-seq, mainly genes encoded by ABC transporter proteins, ribosomal proteins, transcription factors, dehydrins, peroxidases, protein phosphatases, etc.The results showed that DEG was mainly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, transporter proteins, plant hormone signaling transduction, and protein phosphatases.(2) By KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, DEGs were mainly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, transporter proteins, phytohormone signaling, chaperones and folding catalysts, aminosugar and ribosugar metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, taurine and hyposulphite metabolism, peroxisomes and other pathways.【Conclusion】Significant differences are shown in gene expression before and after drought stress in barley.The results of this study have laid the foundation for the excavation of key drought-resistant genes and for further analysis of drought-resistant mechanisms in barley(1592 up-regulated genes and 2243 down-regulated genes). Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers on fertility and yield of winter wheat in fluvo-aquic soil ZHANG Zhao, ZHANG Guilong, TANG Qiuxiang, YAN Xueying, ZHANG Yanjun Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (5): 1067-1076.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.004 Abstract （297）   HTML （10）    PDF （1287KB）（29）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To explore the effects of different fertilization on the fertility of wheat fields and nitrogen use efficiency and yield of winter wheat in the Huanghuaihai fluvo-aquic soil region in the hope of providing theoretical support and technical guidance for optimizing fertilization measures.【Methods】Based on the 12-year continuous fertilization treatment positioning experiment in Tianjin fluvo-aquic soil area, different fertilization treatments were set: including control (CK), single application of organic fertilizer (M), 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (MF1), conventional quantitative fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (MF2) and single application of chemical fertilizer (F).【Results】The results showed that, compared with the control, the fertilization treatments could significantly increase the soil organic matter and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in wheat fields, and the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had the best soil fertility improvement effect.Compared with the control, the soil organic matter increased by 92%, 48%, 78% and 20%, respectively in M, MF1, MF2.In terms of dry matter accumulation and yield, MF1 treatment significantly reduced leaf nitrogen content in booting-mature stage, promoted nitrogen transfer to grains, improved nitrogen use efficiency, and significantly increased the number of grains per ear and 1,000-grain weight, thereby increasing yield.The yields of MF1 and MF2 treatments reached 6,467and 6,345 kg/hm2, respectively, which were 12% and 9% higher than that of treatment F.【Conclusion】In conclusion, the combined application mode of chemical nitrogen fertilizer 115 kg/hm2 and organic fertilizer 15,000 kg/hm2 can reduce the chemical nitrogen input by 15% compared with the conventional mode, and keep the yield of winter wheat stable, which can be used as a recommended fertilization technology for winter wheat farmland in the fluvo-aquic soil area of the Huanghuaihai Plain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of water and nitrogen application on winter wheat growth, yield, and water use efficiency under shallow buried drip irrigation XIE Zhong, YE Hanchun, WANG Zhenhua, LI Haiqiang, LIU Jian, CHEN Rui, XU Yushuang Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (5): 1057-1066.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.003 Abstract （294）   HTML （9）    PDF （1356KB）（26）       Knowledge map    【Objective】This project aims to discuss the effects of shallow burial drip irrigation belt, irrigation and nitrogen application on the growth, yield and water use of winter wheat.【Methods】In this study, three factors were set up: soil depth (0 and 5 cm), irrigation amount (270,315 and 360 mm), and nitrogen application (195,255 and 315 kg/hm2).【Results】The results showed that, when the irrigation quota was 315 mm and the nitrogen application rate was 255 kg/hm2, the yield, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased most obviously.Shallow buried drip irrigation increased the plant height and leaf area index of winter wheat by 5.58% and 16.77%, respectively, and the yield, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity significantly increased by 8.32%, 8.20% and 8.16%, respectively.The net income of shallow buried drip irrigation increased by 1,092 yuan per hectare on average compared with that of no soil cover drip irrigation (0 cm).The net income of shallow buried drip irrigation with 315 mm of water and 255 kg/hm2 of nitrogen was the highest, (10,883 yuan/hm2).【Conclusion】The best irrigation and fertilization schemes are as follows: 315 mm of irrigation water and 255 kg/hm2 of nitrogen under shallow drip irrigation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of different drip irrigation on the growth, development, and yield of uniform sowing winter wheat WANG Runqi, JIA Yonghong, WANG Yujiao, LIU Yue, LI Dandan, DONG Yanxue, Gulinigaer Tuerhong, ZHANG Lulu, ZHANG Jinshan, SHI Shubing Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (5): 1048-1056.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.002 Abstract （288）   HTML （19）    PDF （1034KB）（50）       Knowledge map    【Objective】This project aims to explore the response of the yield formation pattern of uniform sowing winter wheat to drip irrigation and achieve water-saving and high-yield wheat.【Methods】Using Xindong 22 as the experimental material, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different drip irrigation volume on plant traits, dry matter accumulation, and yield formation of evenly sown winter wheat, including W1 (1,800 m3/hm2), W2 (2,250 m3/hm2), W3 (2,700 m3/hm2), W4 (3,150m3/hm2), and CK (control, 3,600 m3/hm2).The response of yield formation of uniform sowing winter wheat to different drip irrigation volumes was analyzed.【Results】With the increase of drip irrigation volumes, the SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of each treatment showed a variation pattern of W4>CK>W3>W2>W1; At maturity, compared with CK, W1, W2, and W3 saved water by 50%, 37.5% and 25%, respectively.The dry matter accumulation, dry matter allocation rate, ear length, effective spikelets, ear number, grain number per ear and yield of W1, W2, and W3 were all lower than CK; W4 saved water by 12.5% compared to CK, and its dry matter accumulation, main stem spike length, spike number, spike grain number, and yield were 0.80%, 0.69%, 1.80%, 3.57% and 2.86% higher than those of CK, respectively.The effective spikelets of main stem, tillering spike length, and tillering effective spikelets were 0.71%, 0.52% and 0.00% lower than those of CK, respectively.【Conclusion】Overall, it can be concluded that W4 treatment (3,150 m3/hm2) can meet the water requirements for winter wheat growth and achieve higher yields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different types of salt and alkali stress on cotton seed germination DONG Zhiduo, XU Fei, FU Qiuping, HUANG Jian, QI Tong, MENG Ajing, FU Yanbo, Kaisaier Kuerban Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1831-1844.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.002 Abstract （272）   HTML （23）    PDF （2106KB）（84）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the influence and threshold of different types of saline-alkali stress on the germination of cotton seeds. 【Methods】 Four types of saline-alkali stress and seven concentration levels were simulated by Petri dish method. Cotton seeds of Xinluzhong 84, Tahe 2, Xinluzhong 40 and Jiumian 18 were used as research objects. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, seed vigor index, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings after germination were analyzed, salt tolerance threshold and membership function values were calculated, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out. 【Results】 (1) The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vitality index, fresh weight and dry weight of cotton seed after germination showed a significant downward trend under the four types of saline-alkali stress. There was a significant negative correlation between saline-alkali concentration and all indexes, and the correlation between saline-alkali concentration and germination rate was more than -0.90. (2) The salt tolerance thresholds of cotton at germination stage were different under the four types of saline-alkali stress conditions. The salt tolerance thresholds under S1 stress ranged from 90.70 to 121.73 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S2 stress ranged from 82.68 to 128.30 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S3 stress ranged from 51.97 to 84.62 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S4 stress ranged from 73.49 to 98.21 mmol/L. (3) The salt tolerance of cotton seeds under four kinds of saline-alkali stress was analyzed by membership function and its order was Xinluzhong 84 > Xinluzhong 40 > Tahe 2 > Jiumian 18 under S1 stress, Xinluzhong 84 > Tahe 2 > Xinluzhong 40 > Jiumian 18 under S2 stress, and Tahe 2 > Xinluzhong 40 > Xinluzhong 84 > Jiumian 18 under S3 stress. It was found that the order of salt tolerance of cotton seeds under S4 stress was consistent with that under S2 stress. 【Conclusion】 The germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of cotton seeds are decreased under the four types of saline-alkali stress, and the fresh and dry weight of seedlings shows a downward trend with the increase of the concentration. The effect of alkaline salt on the germination of cotton seed is obviously greater than that of neutral salt. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on suitable planting density of cotton with different row spacing configurations in southern Xinjiang LIU Chaoqun, DONG Helin, WAN Sumei, ZHENG Cangsong, LUO Lei, MA Yunzhen, DONG Zhenlin, CHEN Guodong, LI Pengcheng Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (5): 1112-1121.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.009 Abstract （269）   HTML （5）    PDF （1564KB）（35）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To explore the suitable planting density of cotton with different row spacing configurations in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the rational planting method and suitable density of machine cotton picking in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Through field experimental research, the split-plot experimental design was adopted, and four row spacing configurations were set in the main area, namely 3 rows of H3:1 membrane (76 cm equal row spacing), 4 rows of H4:1 membrane (66+10+66) cm, 5 rows of H5:1 membrane (10+66+66+10) cm, 6 rows of H6:1 membrane (10+66+10+66+10) cm, and 3 planting densities were set in the secondary area, respectively, A1:150,000 plants /hm2.A2: 187,500 plants/hm2; A3: 225,000 plants/hm2, the agronomic traits, leaf area, dry matter quality and seed cotton yield of cotton were determined in order to obtain the optimal planting density of cotton under different row spacing configurations.【Results】The experimental results showed that the plant heights of cotton with different row spacing increased with the increase of density after topping, and the plant heights of A3 treatment were significantly higher than those of A1 treatment.After topping, the thickness of cotton stems became smaller with the increase of density, and the thickness of the stems treated with A1 was significantly higher than that of A3.The maximum LAI of cotton increased with the increase of density under H3 and H4 conditions, while it was the maximum at A2 density under H5 and H6 conditions.The maximum dry matter accumulation per unit area of cotton with different row spacing was the largest in A2 treatment.The density significantly affected the yield of seed cotton and the number of bolls per unit area, and the row spacing significantly affected the weight of the single boll.The highest seed cotton yield obtained by H5A2 was 7,026.9 kg/hm2, which was 0.8%-14.5% higher than that of other treatments.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this study, the optimal planting density of 1 membrane with 3 rows(H3), 1 membrane with 4 rows(H4) and 1 membrane with 6 row(H6) spacing was 225,000 plants/hm2, and the suitable planting density of 1 membrane with 5 rows(H5) was 187,500 plants/hm2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different planting densities on agronomic traits and yield of Zhongmian 113 DONG Zhenlin, WAN Sumei, XIONG Shiwu, MA Yunzhen, MAO Tingyong, YANG Beifang, LUO Lei, LIU Chaoqun, CHEN Guodong, LI Yabing Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (5): 1102-1111.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.008 Abstract （259）   HTML （12）    PDF （1667KB）（29）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To study the effects of different planting densities on the agronomic traits, yield and fiber quality of CCM 113 and determine the suitable planting density of CCM 113 under machine harvesting mode.【Methods】In this experiment, 6 density treatments were set up with China Cotton 113 as the test variety: 9×104 plants/hm2 (D1), 12×104 plants/hm2 (D2), 15×104 plants/hm2 (D3), 18×104 plants/hm2 (D4), 21×104 plants/hm2 (D5) and 24×104 plants/hm2 (D6) to study the effects of different planting densities on their growth and development, boll spatial distribution, dry matter accumulation and yield under the traditional machine harvesting mode.【Results】Zhongmian113 plant height and stem thickness decreased with increasing planting density; leaf area index reached its peak around 88 days after seedling (around August 1), with the highest in D5 treatment at 4.1; with increasing planting density, the height of fruiting branches shed by cotton boll gradually approached from the 2nd and 3rd fruiting nodes to the 1st fruiting node, while the two shedding HF areas in the upper and lower parts of the cotton plant approached to the middle fruiting branches.The cotton boll tended to be borne in the inner part of the cotton plant, and the spitting boll was mainly borne in the lower part of the cotton plant.The dry matter accumulation of nutritional organs of cotton tended to increase and then decrease with the increase of density, while the dry matter accumulation of reproductive organs increased with the increase of density.The seed cotton yield was the highest in D5 treatment with 5217.83 kg/hm2, which was not significantly different from D4 treatment and significantly different from D1, D2, D3 and D6 treatments.【Conclusion】Reasonably dense planting is conducive to the cotton plant to make full use of natural resources and promote growth and development.In a film six-row (66 cm +10 cm) machine picking mode, planting density at 21×104 plants/hm2(D5) is conducive to medium cotton 113 to obtain a higher machine-picked cotton yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Functional analysis of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase gene Gh4CL30 in upland cotton GONG Junming, XIONG Xianpeng, ZHANG Caixia, SHAO Dongnan, CHENG Shuaishuai, SUN Jie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1301-1309.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.001 Abstract （243）   HTML （29）    PDF （1879KB）（44）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To preliminarily study the biological function of 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) family gene gh4cl30, which might provide theoretical basis and genetic resources for cotton plant breeding. 【Methods】 Virus-induced gene silencing technology and gene editing technology was used to obtain gh4cl30-silenced and edited plants and determine the flavone and lignin contents of the gene suppressed and knockout plants to investigate field phenotype, seed size and fiber quality. 【Results】 Both gene silencing and gene editing of the gene resulted in dwarfing of the plants and a significant reduction of lignin content in the plant stalks.Field phenotypic measurements showed that seed size and fiber length were significantly reduced in the gene edited plants. 【Conclusion】 Gh4CL30 affects cotton growth and development mainly through regulating lignin biosynthesis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and experiment of corn precision no-till planter in drip irrigation area FU Hao, ZHANG Xuejun, SHI Zenglu, CHENG Jinpeng, WU Haifeng, YU Yongliang, RAO Zhiqiang Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (5): 1094-1101.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.007 Abstract （236）   HTML （7）    PDF （1653KB）（18）       Knowledge map    【Objective】In the hope of developing no-till seeding machines with reliable operation and adaptable to the cropping pattern in Xinjiang. 【Methods】The no-till planter stubble clearing mechanism, seed rower and drip irrigation belt laying mechanism were designed by means of motion analysis and structural design, and field verification tests were conducted. 【Results】The machine had good trafficability characteristic at the forward velocity of 5 km/h, and the stubble clearing rate reached 79.44%, meeting the requirements of no-till seeding operation; The seeding pass index was 91.33%, the missed seeding index was 3.18%, the reseeding index was 5.49%, and the seeding uniformity met the industry standard. 【Conclusion】The corn precision no-till planter in drip irrigation area meets the design requirements and can effectively carry out stubble clearing, seeding and drip irrigation belt laying operations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of organic and inorganic combined application on yield, soil nutrients and enzyme activities of winter wheat HOU Lili, WANG Wei, CUI Xinju, ZHOU Dawei Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1845-1852.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.003 Abstract （235）   HTML （13）    PDF （1062KB）（50）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To further investigate the effects of organic inorganic combination application on winter wheat growth and soil quality. 【Methods】 A randomized block design of experiments was used to set six treatments: no fertilization, farmers' conventional fertilization, manure rplacing 25%(CF+M25) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 50%(CF+M50) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 75%(CF+M75) chemical fertilizer, and single application of manure. 0-20 cm of arable soil was collected at the turning green, jointing, flowering, and filling stages, and the internal relationship between soil enzyme activity and wheat yield, soil nutrients under the condition of organic and inorganic fertilizer application at each growth stage was discussed. 【Results】 Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment for farmers, 25% and 50% manure treatment increased the number of ears and grains per ear per unit area; The yield of winter wheat under M treatment was 16.2%, 15.9% and 16.8% lower than those under 25%(CF+M25), 50%(CF+M50) and 75%(CF+M75) manure replacement treatments, respectively; The total nitrogen content of CF+M25 and CF+M50 treatments showed a continuous increasing trend, reaching its maximum value during the mature period. The highest available potassium content was observed in the M treatment at each growth stage, which showed a significant difference compared to other treatments. It reached its maximum value of 297.5 mg/kg during the jointing stage, significantly increasing by 50.5% compared to the CF treatment; Soil enzyme activity was highly significantly correlated with available phosphorus content, but not significantly correlated with available potassium. 【Conclusion】 Soil nutrients, enzyme activities and winter wheat yield are closely related. The combination of manure with 30% can achieve the theoretical maximum yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of microbial inoculants on growth and yield of winter wheat CHEN Fang, LI Zihui, WANG Bingyue, SUN Xiaogui, ZHANG Tingjun Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1853-1860.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.004 Abstract （232）   HTML （13）    PDF （847KB）（56）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of microbial agent Junlintianxia on the wheat growth and yield and provide reference for the application of microbial agent in Xinjiang winter wheat. 【Methods】 Under the condition of field drip irrigation, wheat varieties Xindong 22, Xindong 52, Xindong 53 and Shidong 0358 were used to analyze the effects of no microbial agent Junlintianxia and microbial agent Junlintianxia on the growth and yield of winter wheat. 【Results】 The rate of emergence of wheat was slightly higher than that of the control or the same as that, the time of heading to maturity was slightly higher or the same, and the growth period was almost the same. The average plant height, tiller number and stem diameter increased 0.5 cm, 0.4 and 1.1 mm, respectively. The control effect of root rot was the best in No. 103 group (25.5%). The average weight per spike increased by 0.1g, the average number of grains per spike increased by 2.3 grains, the average yield per mu increased by 38.7 kg/667m2, and the yield per unit yield of the experiment field increased by 6%, higher than that of the control field. The average net increase was 111.4 yuan/667m2 compared with the control field. 【Conclusion】 The application of microbial agent (or Junlintianxia) has no obvious effect on the growth period of wheat, but has seedling preservation effect on winter wheat, which promotes wheat growth and development, has control effect on winter wheat diseases, and increasing effect on winter wheat yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification and evaluation of fruit branch angle and machine-picked agronomic traits in Gossypium hirsutum L. YE Pingyi, LONG Yilei, TANG Yanping, DU Xiao, AN Mengjie, TAO Zhixin, LIANG Farui, AI Xiantao, HU Shoulin Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1318-1327.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.003 Abstract （230）   HTML （15）    PDF （1237KB）（43）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To make the correlation analysis between the angle of fruit branches of upland cotton resources and the agronomic traits in the hope of finding the range of fruit branches the agricultural characteristics of the machine, and select the cotton varieties suitable for the machineangle suitable for machine picking with high yield and selecting the cotton varieties suitable for the machine. 【Methods】 Descriptive statistics, correlation, clustering and principal component analysis were carried out on fruit branch angle and agronomic traits of 300 upland cotton germplasm resources. 【Results】 The variation coefficient of the other 7 traits was greater than 10% except for the number of fruit branches, coat fraction, weight of single boll and angle of fruit branches, and the variation coefficient of the number of boll per plant was the largest, which was 25.28%. There was significant positive correlation between fruit branch angle and yield characters such as boll weight, lint quality and effective fruit branch number. When the Euclidean distance was 4, 300 pieces of upland cotton could be divided into 5 groups according to the size of the angle between the fruit branches, which are 47.5°-50.1°, 50.9°-55.5°, 55.7°-58.5°, 58.6°-62.8°, 63.2°-66.5°. Group I had the smallest fruit branch angle, short plants and low yield potential. The fruit branch angle size and the plant height of the second and third group were suitable, the plants were compact, the plant type was mostly tower type, barrel type, easy to pick and the yield was higher. As for class IV and V, the branch angle their plant type was mostly tower type and inverted tower type, and their yields were high with high yield potential. A total of 4 principal components were extracted from the principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 74.87%, which explained most of the information of agronomic traits of 300 upland cotton resources. The principal component factors were respectively the height of the beginning of fruit branch, the number of effective fruit branch and the weight of single boll. 【Conclusion】 There is a significant positive correlation between fruit branch angle and yield traits in upland cotton. When the branch branch angle is 47.5°-65.5°, the larger the branch angle is, the higher the yield traits are. When the angle range of fruit branches is 50.9°-58.5°, the cotton yield is higher and meets the requirements of machine-picked cotton. The comprehensive score evaluation of cotton varieties in this range is carried out, and 10 cotton varieties suitable for machine-picked cotton varieties are selected as excellent breeding materials. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on cotton biomass estimation based on multi-spectral imaging features of unmanned aerial vehicle SHAO Yajie, LI Ke, DING Wenhao, LIN Tao, CUI Jianping, GUO Rensong, WANG Liang, WU Fengquan, WANG Xin, TANG Qiuxiang Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1328-1335.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.004 Abstract （230）   HTML （11）    PDF （1265KB）（42）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To explore the applicability and accuracy of cotton biomass estimation model based on Vegetation Indexes (VIs) and machine learning algorithm. 【Methods】 On the interaction between nitrogen application and density at the experimental and collected AGB data and UAV multispectral remote sensing images of cotton fields at the main fertility periods simultaneously to calculate eight VIs and introduce three VIs with the highest AGB correlation coefficients.Vactor Regression (SVR), Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), and Deep Neural Network (DNN), and evaluated the applicability and estimation accuracy of different VIs and models. 【Results】 All eight VIs showed significant correlations with AGB, among which the absolute values of the correlation coefficients |r| of NGBDI, NDREI and EXG reached 0.659-0.788, and there was a significant correlation between them and cotton biomass.(3) Among the three regression models, the SVR model had the best estimation effect, with the model validation accuracy of R2=0.89, RMSE=2.30, and rRMSE=0.20. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the PLSR and DNN estimation models, the SVR model is more suitable for estimating cotton biomass, and the study is important for enriching the remote sensing monitoring technology of cotton biomass and improving the accurate management of production.The study is important to enrich the remote sensing monitoring technology of cotton biomass and improve the accurate management of production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on growth, development, yield and quality of Gossypium barbadense L. ZHANG Chengjie, HU Haoran, DUAN Songjiang, WU Yifan, ZHANG Jusong Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1821-1830.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.001 Abstract （224）   HTML （17）    PDF （1279KB）（64）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The objective of this study is to study the regulatory effects of different nitrogen fertilizations and densities on the growth and development of cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for rational dense planting and optimal nitrogen application of s Gossypium barbadense L. in the future. 【Methods】 Under the natural ecological conditions in southern Xinjiang, the effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on the growth, development, yield and quality of sea-island cotton were studied by using Xin 78 as the material and a two-factor experimental design, with two planting densities in the main area and four nitrogen application levels in the secondary area. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches and the number of main stem leaves were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, but negatively correlated with planting density. The SPAD value of leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and density during the whole growth period. The dynamic curves of dry matter accumulation of Gossypium barbadense L. under different treatments were in line with the logistic model, and the dry matter accumulation of D24N2 was the largest, reaching 22,462 kg/hm2, but the dry matter accumulation and distribution of D20N0 in the reproductive organs accounted for the largest proportion, reaching 72%. The number of boll per plant and the weight of each boll were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, and negatively correlated with planting density, but the number of plants harvested per unit area was positively correlated with planting density, and the lint yield and seed cotton yield of D24N2 combination were the highest, which increased by 2,251.65 kg/hm2 and 774.77 kg/hm2, respectively compared with the lowest D24N0 combination. Planting density and nitrogen fertilization rate had no significant effect on the fiber quality of sea-island cotton. 【Conclusion】 Under the planting mode of machine picking cotton in southern Xinjiang, when the planting density is 240,000 plants/hm2 and the nitrogen application rate is 320 kg/hm2, the growth indexes of sea-island cotton performed well, and the lint yield is the highest, reaching 2,122.62 kg/hm2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of spring irrigation quota on water temperature and salt distribution in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton FU Xinfa, LYU Tingbo, WANG Jiulong, LI Gangqiang, SONG Renyou, LIU Yifan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1336-1344.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.005 Abstract （209）   HTML （15）    PDF （1477KB）（41）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of different spring irrigation quotas on water temperature and salinity in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District.Provide a certain scientific basis for the reasonable spring irrigation quotas in the southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Three water treatments (W1:1,350 m3/hm2, W2:1,800 m3/hm2, W3:2,250m3/hm2) were set up for spring irrigation to analyze the effects of different spring irrigation quotas on water temperature and salinity of cotton fields and cotton seedling growth. 【Results】 The average soil water content in the 0-60 cm soil layer of the W3 treatment was higher than those of the W1 and W2 treatments, and the water retention capacity of the upper tillage layer was better.The W3 treatment had a lower ground temperature at different depths than those of the W1 and W2 treatments, and the ground temperatures between the rows were higher than those between the membranes.The salt content in the surface layer of W1 treatment was lower than those of W2 and W3 treatments, and the salt washing rate of 0-50 cm was 6.77%, 22.22% and 30.03%, respectively, and the larger the amount of spring irrigation water, the better the effect of salt washing, and the average salt accumulation rate of 50-100 cm was -39.89%, -58.95% and -68.91%, respectively, which indicated that with the increase of irrigation water, the salts were carried by the water into the deeper layer and increased.The height, stem thickness and leaf area of cotton seedlings in the W1 treatment were the largest, and a certain degree of water deficit was favorable to the growth of cotton seedlings. 【Conclusion】 Different spring irrigation quotas have a certain degree of salt washing and moisture increase effect, manifested as W3 > W2 > W1 treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Cloning and subcellular localization of the GHWAT1-35 gene in Gossypium hirsutum MA Shangjie, LI Shengmei, YANG Tao, WANG Honggang, ZHAO Kang, PANG Bo, GAO Wenwei Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1310-1317.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.002 Abstract （209）   HTML （16）    PDF （1829KB）（30）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To explore the role of GHWAT1-35 gene in the development of cotton fibers. 【Methods】 In this study, the fiber at different developmental stages post-anthesis of Gossypium hirsutum variety Xi9 were used as materials.The full-length cDNA sequence of the GHWAT1-35 gene was successfully cloned and subjected to bioinformatics analysis, real-time fluorescence quantitative (qRT-PCR) analysis, and subcellular localization. 【Results】 The length of the GHWAT1-35 gene was 1125 bp, encoding 374 amino acids, with a relative molecular weight is 40.23 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.74.Protein multiple sequence alignment and construction of a systematic evolutionary tree analysis showed that the GHWAT1-35 protein was most closely related to the Gossypium arboreum.The expression of the GHWAT1-35 gene significantly increased at 15 days after flowering, and subcellular localization predicted that the protein was located on the cytoplasmic membrane.The GHWAT1-35 gene was recombined with the pCAMIA1300-35S-YFP vector to construct a fusion expression vector, which was then transformed into Agrobacterium using the freeze-thaw method and after being injected into tobacco.The GHWAT1-35 protein was observed to be located on the cytoplasmic membrane. 【Conclusion】 The GHWAT1-35 gene plays an important role in fiber development, providing a foundation for further exploration of its biological function in Gossypium hirsutum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation of drought resistance of different spring wheat germplasm introduced from Kazakhstan during seedling stage under 20% PEG stress WANG Yizhao, YANG Qizhi, LIU Yuxiu, Alayi Nurkamali, Vladimir Shvidchenko, ZHANG Zhengmao Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (6): 1352-1360.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.007 Abstract （203）   HTML （12）    PDF （1055KB）（45）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the germination characteristics and physiological characteristics of spring wheat seeds in Kazakhstan in the hope of providing reliable parent materials for breeding spring wheat varieties in the northwest arid region in China. 【Methods】 10% polyethylene glycol (polyethylene glycol 6000, PEG-6000) hypertonic solution was used to simulate drought stress conditions, the root length, seedling length, fresh root/dry weight, seeding fresh/dry weight, germination rate, germination potential and germination index of 28 test materials at seedling stage were compared and analyzed. In addition, the comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance during germination was carried out by membership function, principal component analysis. 【Results】 The results showed that compared with the control, the root length, seedling length, fresh root weight, fresh/dry weight, germination vigor and germination rate of Kazakhstan spring wheat germplasm under drought stress treatment were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), ranging from 18.29% to 52.17%, while root dry weight were significantly increased (P < 0.05), with an average increase of 66.67%, respectively. There were different degrees of correlation between the indicators, and most of the indicators had significant or extremely significant correlations between the drought resistance coefficients. The 9 drought resistance-related indicators of wheat seedling stage could be converted into 4 independent comprehensive indicators (fresh seedling/dry weight, seedling length and germination rate), which might be used as main indicator for drought tolerance evaluation of Kazakhstan spring wheat germplasm at seedling stage. Cluster analysis was performed on the weighted drought resistance index of 28 tested materials. 5 germplasms were classified as strong drought-resistant varieties, 17 were medium drought-resistant varieties, and 6 were weak drought-resistant varieties. 【Conclusion】 Due to strong germination characteristics and drought resistance at the seedling stage, 5 germplasms were suitable for providing drought-resistant parent materials in spring wheat breeding in the northwest arid region in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of salt tolerance of 197 upland cotton varieties at germination stage LIU Huijie, WANG Junhao, GONG Zhaolong, LIANG Yajun, WANG Junduo, LI Xueyuan, ZHENG Juyun, WANG Jichuan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (7): 1574-1581.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.002 Abstract （202）   HTML （14）    PDF （795KB）（66）       Knowledge map    【Objective】By identifying and evaluating the salt tolerance of upland cotton germplasm resources during the germination stage, this research can select good salt-tolerance germplasms.Based on this evaluation, the indicators of salt tolerance identification can be clarified, which provides theoretical support for the breeding improvement of upland cotton.【Methods】In this study, 197 varieties of upland cotton from both domestic and international sources were used as experimental materials.Salt stress treatments were administered at sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0 (as the control), 150, and 200 mmol/L.Nine parameters, including germination potential, rate, root length, and their relative measurements, were evaluated for the control and treatment groups.To assess the salt tolerance of these cotton varieties, a membership function method was applied, utilizing a comprehensive D-value for evaluation.【Results】The results indicated that a concentration of 150 mmol/L is ideal for determining salt tolerance in upland cotton during the germination stage.The coefficient of variation in the treatment group was consistently higher compared to the control group.A significant positive correlation was observed between the comprehensive D-value and the various traits of the treated plants.The comprehensive D-value as the primary factor.Based on a thorough evaluation, 4 materials were classified as highly salt-tolerant, 39 materials as salt-tolerant, 65 materials as moderately salt-tolerant, and 89 materials as salt-sensitive.【Conclusion】The study indicated that nine metrics, such as germination potential, germination rate, root length, and their respective relative values, are effective indicators for assessing salt tolerance.Among the tested materials, forty-three, including varieties 20N705 and C6524, demonstrated notably strong salt tolerance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）