Analysis of combined application of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat and the fertilizer effect

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.001

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 1-12.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.001

• Special volume for green,yield increasing,quality improving and efficiency improving technologies for major grain crops in Xinjing • Previous Articles Next Articles

Analysis of combined application of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat and the fertilizer effect

SUN Na¹(), MA Lin¹, ZOU Hui¹, ZHANG Zhihui¹, ZHANG Shengjun¹, HUANG Qiannan¹, YANG Hui¹, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai¹, LI Zhibin², CAO Junmei³(), LEI Junjie³()

1. Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding and Quality Testing of Yili Prefecture /Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Yili Prefecture, Yining Xinjiang 835000,China
2. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Xinyuan County,Xinyuan Xinjiang 844900, China
3. Key Laboratory of Desert Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Tillage, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/ Institute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2024-08-10 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-03-11
Correspondence author: CAO Junmei, LEI Junjie
Supported by:
Major Scientific R &D Program Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002-1);Major Scientific R &D Program Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02015-2);Science and Technology Program Project of Yili Prefecture(YZ2022A006);Xinjiang Agriculture Research System(XJARS-01);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03-88)

氮磷钾配施对冬小麦产量和品质的影响及其肥效分析

孙娜¹(), 马林¹, 邹辉¹, 张志辉¹, 张胜军¹, 黄倩楠¹, 杨蕙¹, 登斯拉木·吐尔逊拜¹, 李志彬², 曹俊梅³(), 雷钧杰³()

1.伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所/伊犁州农作物育种及品质检测重点实验室,新疆伊宁 835000
2.新源县农业技术推广站,新疆新源 844900
3.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

通讯作者: 曹俊梅,雷钧杰
作者简介:孙娜(1982-),女,吉林人,高级农艺师,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,(E-mail)Sna18509993321@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02015-2);伊犁哈萨克自治州科技计划项目(YZ2022A006);新疆现代农业小麦产业技术体系(XJARS-01);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03-88)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 It is important to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer rationing on the yield and quality of wheat and the fertilizer effect, and to find out the optimal NPK fertilizer application rate and fertilizer ration for high yield, high quality and high efficiency of wheat. 【Methods】 The winter wheat cultivar Xindong 42 was used as the test material, and the fertilizer effect test design scheme "3414" was adopted to conduct the field plot test to determine the yield and quality related traits of winter wheat and to fit the fertilizer effect model. 【Results】 Meanwhile the effect of NPK fertilizer on yield showed reciprocal effects, with the size of the reciprocal effects being NPK>NP>NK>PK in the order of NPK>NP>PK. Among the 14 treatments, N₂P₂K₂ had the highest yield and economic benefit of 8,036.03 kg/hm² and 18,044.85 yuan/hm², respectively. After being analyzed by the regression equation, the maximum yield of 8,082.75 kg/hm² was achieved when the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 190.21, 122.27 and 53.11 kg/hm², respectively; the best economic benefit achieved was 18,056.37/hm²,when the application rates 171.03, 108.18 and 44.77 kg/hm², respectively; maximum starch dry basis content 5,742.29 kg/hm² was obtained 180.00, 125.69 and 50.90 kg/hm², respectively; maximum wet gluten content 274.64, 69.75 and 138.95 kg/hm², respectively. 【Conclusion】 Reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could significantly improve the yield, quality and economic benefits of Xindong 42.

Key words: winter wheat; NPK fertilizers; fertilizer effect; yield; quality

摘要：

【目的】 研究氮磷钾(NPK)肥配施对冬小麦产量和品质的影响,并分析其肥料效应,探明小麦高产、优质、高效的最佳NPK施肥量和施肥配比,为提高小麦的施肥效率提供科学依据。【方法】 以冬小麦品种新冬42号为材料,采用“3414”肥料效应设计方案,设置田间小区试验,测定冬小麦产量和品质相关性状并进行肥料效应模型拟合。【结果】 氮磷钾肥对产量的影响有互作效应,互作效应大小依次为NPK>NP>NK>PK。14个处理中,N₂P₂K₂处理的冬小麦产量和经济效益最高,分别为8 036.03 kg/hm²和18 044.85元/hm²。氮、磷、钾施用量分别为190.21、122.27和53.11 kg/hm²时,冬小麦产量最大,为8 082.75 kg/hm²;氮、磷、钾施用量分别为171.03、108.18和44.77 kg/hm²时,冬小麦经济效益最佳,为18 056.37元/hm²;氮、磷、钾施用量分别为180.00、125.69和50.90 kg/hm²时,淀粉干基含量最大,为5 742.29 kg/hm²;氮、磷、钾施用量分别为274.64、69.75和138.95 kg/hm²时,湿面筋含量最大,为2 766.20 kg/hm²。【结论】 合理施用氮磷钾肥可以显著提高新冬42号的产量、品质和经济效益。

关键词: 冬小麦, 氮磷钾肥, 肥料效应, 产量, 品质

CLC Number:

S512.1

SUN Na, MA Lin, ZOU Hui, ZHANG Zhihui, ZHANG Shengjun, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, LI Zhibin, CAO Junmei, LEI Junjie. Analysis of combined application of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat and the fertilizer effect[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 1-12.

孙娜, 马林, 邹辉, 张志辉, 张胜军, 黄倩楠, 杨蕙, 登斯拉木·吐尔逊拜, 李志彬, 曹俊梅, 雷钧杰. 氮磷钾配施对冬小麦产量和品质的影响及其肥效分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 1-12.

Figures/Tables 6

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处理 Treatments	养分 Nutrition (kg/hm²)			施肥量 Fertilizer amounts (kg/hm²)
处理 Treatments	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	尿素 Urea	重过磷酸钙 Heavy calcium superphosphate	颗粒硫酸钾 Granular potassium sulfate
N₀P₀K₀	0	0	0	0	0	0
N₀P₂K₂	0	110.40	45.90	0	240	114.75
N₁P₂K₂	82.80	110.40	45.90	180	240	114.75
N₂P₀K₂	165.60	0	45.90	360	0	114.75
N₂P₁K₂	165.60	55.20	45.90	360	120	114.75
N₂P₂K₂	165.60	110.40	45.90	360	240	114.75
N₂P₃K₂	165.60	165.60	45.90	360	360	114.75
N₂P₂K₀	165.60	110.40	0	360	240	0
N₂P₂K₁	165.60	110.40	22.95	360	240	57.45
N₂P₂K₃	165.60	110.40	68.85	360	240	172.20
N₃P₂K₂	248.40	110.40	45.90	540	240	114.75
N₁P₁K₂	82.80	55.20	45.90	180	120	114.75
N₁P₂K₁	82.80	110.40	22.95	180	240	57.45
N₂P₁K₁	165.60	55.20	22.95	360	120	57.45

处理 Treatments	养分 Nutrition (kg/hm²)			施肥量 Fertilizer amounts (kg/hm²)
处理 Treatments	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	尿素 Urea	重过磷酸钙 Heavy calcium superphosphate	颗粒硫酸钾 Granular potassium sulfate
N₀P₀K₀	0	0	0	0	0	0
N₀P₂K₂	0	110.40	45.90	0	240	114.75
N₁P₂K₂	82.80	110.40	45.90	180	240	114.75
N₂P₀K₂	165.60	0	45.90	360	0	114.75
N₂P₁K₂	165.60	55.20	45.90	360	120	114.75
N₂P₂K₂	165.60	110.40	45.90	360	240	114.75
N₂P₃K₂	165.60	165.60	45.90	360	360	114.75
N₂P₂K₀	165.60	110.40	0	360	240	0
N₂P₂K₁	165.60	110.40	22.95	360	240	57.45
N₂P₂K₃	165.60	110.40	68.85	360	240	172.20
N₃P₂K₂	248.40	110.40	45.90	540	240	114.75
N₁P₁K₂	82.80	55.20	45.90	180	120	114.75
N₁P₂K₁	82.80	110.40	22.95	180	240	57.45
N₂P₁K₁	165.60	55.20	22.95	360	120	57.45

处理 Treat- ments	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	氮肥投入 N input (元/hm²)	磷肥投入 P input (元/hm²)	钾肥投入 K input (元/hm²)	肥料总投入 Total fertilizer input (元/hm²)	产值 Output value (元/hm²)	经济效益 Economic benefit (元/hm²)
N₀P₀K₀	5 135.35±52.20^h	0	0	0	0	12 427.55^h	12 427.55±126.32^j
N₀P₂K₂	6 557.07±5.82^g	0	455.95	298.35	754.30	15 868.10g	15 113.80±14.08ⁱ
N₁P₂K₂	7 507.13±70.91^d	323.75	455.95	298.35	1 078.05	18 167.26^d	17 089.21±171.60^fg
N₂P₀K₂	7 215.32±13.20^f	647.50	0	298.35	945.85	17 461.07^f	16 515.22±31.94^h
N₂P₁K₂	7 629.05±26.89^c	647.50	227.98	298.35	1 173.83	18 462.30^c	17 288.47±65.08^ef
N₂P₂K₂	8 036.03±37.23^a	647.50	455.95	298.35	1 401.80	19 447.20^a	18 045.40±90.10^a
N₂P₃K₂	7 984.50±5.25^a	647.50	683.93	298.35	1 629.78	19 322.49^a	17 692.71±12.70^bc
N₂P₂K₀	7 532.12±84.22^d	647.50	455.95	0	1 103.45	18 227.72^d	17 124.27±203.82 ^fg
N₂P₂K₁	7 731.57±41.50^b	647.50	455.95	149.18	1 252.63	18 710.39^b	17 457.76±100.44^de
N₂P₂K₃	8 010.02±26.23^a	647.50	455.95	447.53	1 550.98	19 384.24^a	17 833.26±63.48^b
N₃P₂K₂	7 976.48±42.54^a	971.24	455.95	298.35	1 725.54	19 303.09^a	17 577.55±102.95^cd
N₁P₁K₂	7 378.40±62.86^e	323.75	227.98	298.35	850.08	17 855.73^e	17 005.65±152.12^g
N₁P₂K₁	7 588.37±77.31^cd	323.75	455.95	149.18	928.88	18 363.85^cd	17 434.97±187.10^de
N₂P₁K₁	7 766.68±24.95^b	647.50	227.98	149.18	1 024.66	18 795.37^b	17 770.71±60.37^bc

处理 Treat- ments	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	氮肥投入 N input (元/hm²)	磷肥投入 P input (元/hm²)	钾肥投入 K input (元/hm²)	肥料总投入 Total fertilizer input (元/hm²)	产值 Output value (元/hm²)	经济效益 Economic benefit (元/hm²)
N₀P₀K₀	5 135.35±52.20^h	0	0	0	0	12 427.55^h	12 427.55±126.32^j
N₀P₂K₂	6 557.07±5.82^g	0	455.95	298.35	754.30	15 868.10g	15 113.80±14.08ⁱ
N₁P₂K₂	7 507.13±70.91^d	323.75	455.95	298.35	1 078.05	18 167.26^d	17 089.21±171.60^fg
N₂P₀K₂	7 215.32±13.20^f	647.50	0	298.35	945.85	17 461.07^f	16 515.22±31.94^h
N₂P₁K₂	7 629.05±26.89^c	647.50	227.98	298.35	1 173.83	18 462.30^c	17 288.47±65.08^ef
N₂P₂K₂	8 036.03±37.23^a	647.50	455.95	298.35	1 401.80	19 447.20^a	18 045.40±90.10^a
N₂P₃K₂	7 984.50±5.25^a	647.50	683.93	298.35	1 629.78	19 322.49^a	17 692.71±12.70^bc
N₂P₂K₀	7 532.12±84.22^d	647.50	455.95	0	1 103.45	18 227.72^d	17 124.27±203.82 ^fg
N₂P₂K₁	7 731.57±41.50^b	647.50	455.95	149.18	1 252.63	18 710.39^b	17 457.76±100.44^de
N₂P₂K₃	8 010.02±26.23^a	647.50	455.95	447.53	1 550.98	19 384.24^a	17 833.26±63.48^b
N₃P₂K₂	7 976.48±42.54^a	971.24	455.95	298.35	1 725.54	19 303.09^a	17 577.55±102.95^cd
N₁P₁K₂	7 378.40±62.86^e	323.75	227.98	298.35	850.08	17 855.73^e	17 005.65±152.12^g
N₁P₂K₁	7 588.37±77.31^cd	323.75	455.95	149.18	928.88	18 363.85^cd	17 434.97±187.10^de
N₂P₁K₁	7 766.68±24.95^b	647.50	227.98	149.18	1 024.66	18 795.37^b	17 770.71±60.37^bc

肥料类型 Fertilizer	处理 Treatments	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	增产量 Increase (kg/hm²)	增产率 Incr. Rate (%)	毛收入增加 Incr. Profit (元/hm²)	增加纯收入 Incr. net Profit (元/hm²)	肥料贡献率 FCR(%)	农学效率 AE (kg/kg)
N	N₀P₂K₂	6 557.07±5.82^c	-	-	-	-	-	-
	N₁P₂K₂	7 507.13±70.91^b	950.06	14.49	2 299.16	1 975.41	13.06	11.47
	N₂P₂K₂	8 036.03±37.23^a	1478.97	22.56	3 579.10	2 931.60	18.64	9.08
	N₃P₂K₂	7 976.48±42.54^a	1 419.42	21.65	3 434.99	2 463.74	17.80	5.71
	平均		1 282.82	19.56	3 104.42	2 456.92	16.50	8.76
P₂O₅	N₂P₀K₂	7 215.32±13.20^d	-	-	-	-	-	-
	N₂P₁K₂	7 629.05±26.89^c	413.73	5.73	1 001.23	773.26	5.42	7.50
	N₂P₂K₂	8 036.03±37.23^a	820.72	11.37	1 986.13	1 530.18	10.21	7.43
	N₂P₃K₂	7 984.50±5.25^b	769.18	10.66	1 861.42	1 177.50	9.63	4.64
	平均		667.88	9.26	1 616.26	1 160.31	8.42	6.52
K₂O	N₂P₂K₀	7 532.12±84.22^c	-	-	-	-	-	-
	N₂P₂K₁	7 731.57±41.50^b	199.45	2.65	482.67	333.49	2.58	8.69
	N₂P₂K₂	8 036.03±37.23^a	503.92	6.69	1 219.48	921.13	6.27	10.98
	N₂P₂K₃	8 010.02±26.23^a	449.90	5.97	1 088.76	641.23	5.97	6.94
	平均		384.42	5.10	930.30	631.95	4.94	8.87

Analysis of combined application of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat and the fertilizer effect

氮磷钾配施对冬小麦产量和品质的影响及其肥效分析

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处理 Treatments	蛋白质含量 Rotein content (%)	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten (%)	面团形成时间 Development time (min)	稳定时间 Stabilization time (min)	沉降值 Sedimentation value	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	稠度 Consistence	弱化度 Degree of softening	容重 Test weight (g/L)	硬度 Hardness (%)	粉质质量指数 Farinograph quality number	淀粉(干基) Starch(dry basis) (%)
N₀P₀K₀	14.02±0.18^c	30.15±1.46^d	2.00±0.17^b	1.00±0.20^a	22.16±1.34^cd	65.47±0.42^b	481.00±7.00^d	169.33±9.45^abc	807.32±5.88^a	69.50±0.25^a	26.33±1.53^a	71.31±0.74^abc
N₀P₂K₂	14.03±0.63^c	30.96±1.14^cd	2.30±0.17^ab	1.20±0.17^a	21.53±2.03^d	66.00±0.61^ab	502.67±22.37^abc	154.33±10.97^c	814.16±7.39^a	69.20±1.03^a	29.33±3.06^a	71.96±0.52^a
N₁P₂K₂	14.75±0.26^b	31.82±0.61^abc	2.53±0.15^ab	1.10±0.10^a	23.64±0.99^abcd	66.13±0.51^ab	502.67±11.06^abc	177.33±11.50^abc	811.84±7.64^a	69.89±0.57^a	29.33±2.08^a	71.15±0.07^abc
N₂P₀K₂	15.33±0.42^ab	30.31±0.98^a	2.43±0.45^ab	1.20±0.20^a	24.88±0.66^a	65.97±0.25^ab	491.00±18.03^bcd	186.00±17.09^a	809.39±6.50^a	70.31±0.39^a	28.67±3.06^a	70.64±0.64^c
N₂P₁K₂	15.15±0.50^ab	32.79±1.08^a	2.57±0.67^ab	1.17±0.35^a	24.08±1.48^abc	66.17±0.32^ab	503.00±5.57^abc	180.33±16.65^ab	811.47±1.50^a	69.70±0.82^a	30.33±6.35^a	70.93±0.30^bc
N₂P₂K₂	14.87±0.39^b	32.16±0.92^abc	2.40±0.46^ab	1.13±0.31^a	25.15±0.31^a	66.00±0.30^ab	506.00±6.56^ab	171.00±7.81^abc	810.30±3.69^a	70.03±0.77^a	29.33±5.51^a	71.03±0.50^abc
N₂P₃K₂	15.10±0.19^ab	32.69±0.43^ab	2.30±0.34^ab	1.13±0.25^a	24.88±0.51^abc	66.53±0.23^a	520.00±11.36^a	192.33±6.66^a	811.77±7.82^a	69.91±0.45^a	26.33±4.04^a	71.22±0.22^abc
N₂P₂K₀	15.19±0.44^ab	32.92±1.07^a	2.27±0.25^ab	1.23±0.25^a	24.89±0.94^ab	66.07±0.32^ab	505.67±9.07^ab	183.67±6.66^a	813.89±5.13^a	69.86±0.46^a	28.33±2.08^a	70.61±0.73^c
N₂P₂K₁	14.81±0.41^b	32.20±0.54^abc	2.33±0.29^ab	1.37±0.35^a	24.54±1.32^ab	65.97±0.25^ab	501.00±11.27^abcd	173.67±24.79^abc	813.55±2.73^a	69.62±0.50^a	29.00±1.73^a	71.42±0.66^abc
N₂P₂K₃	15.29±0.15^ab	33.07±0.43^a	2.27±0.51^ab	1.27±0.29^a	24.99±0.76^ab	66.40±0.70^a	507.00±13.23^ab	186.00±7.94^a	810.45±6.76^a	69.32±0.60^a	26.67±3.51^a	70.97±0.24^abc
N₃P₂K₂	15.59±0.26^a	33.31±0.28^a	2.50±0.17^ab	1.27±0.32^a	25.41±1.05^a	66.37±0.42^a	505.00±3.00^ab	183.67±12.74^a	811.08±1.35^a	69.91±0.72^a	27.00±3.61^a	70.68±0.07^c
N₁P₁K₂	14.81±0.16^b	32.10±0.22^abc	2.73±0.31^a	1.10±0.10^a	22.93±0.57^bcd	66.10±0.36^ab	490.67±7.64^bcd	167.67±8.96^abc	809.00±0.77^a	69.95±0.85^a	29.33±3.79^a	71.27±0.23^abc
N₁P₂K₁	14.85±0.32^b	32.11±0.72^abc	2.37±0.21^ab	1.03±0.12^a	23.56±0.33^abc	66.00±0.61^ab	501.67±1.53^abcd	184.33±8.33^a	815.77±6.51^a	70.28±0.12^a	29.33±2.08^a	71.34±0.42^abc
N₂P₁K₁	14.93±0.23^ab	31.19±0.69^bcd	2.33±0.12^ab	1.18±0.22^a	22.90±1.37^bcd	65.73±0.58^ab	483.00±6.25^cd	156.67±12.34^bc	810.71±5.67^a	70.11±0.19^a	30.67±2.31^a	71.76±1.00^ab

	拟合方程 Fitting equations	R²
产量 Yield(kg/hm²)	Y=5 163.823 5+16.460 3N+15.502 0P+15.280 1K-0.040 9N²-0.053 8P²-0.195 4K²-0.016 1NP+0.020 1NK+0.013 5PK	0.987 0
湿面筋含量 Wet gluten(kg/hm²)	Y=1 557.883 9+3.927 5N+7.321 9P+5.953 7K-0.013 2N²-0.027P²-0.030 7K²+0.008NP+0.0199NK-0.041 4PK	0.988 1
蛋白质含量 Protein content (kg/hm²)	Y=725.804 4+2.460 1N+2.707 5P+1.916 9K-0.006 0N²+0.007 0P²+0.014 7K²-0.002 4NP+0.010 6NK-0.013 5PK	0.982 1
淀粉干基 Starch dry base (kg/hm²)	Y=3 684.486 9+12.539 0N+10.466 4P-0.002 8K-0.029 8N²-0.040 5P²-0.168 6K²-0.015 3NP+0.002 2NK+0.048 5PK	0.984 7

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