Abstract:

【Objective】 To further investigate the effects of organic inorganic combination application on winter wheat growth and soil quality. 【Methods】 A randomized block design of experiments was used to set six treatments: no fertilization, farmers' conventional fertilization, manure rplacing 25%(CF+M25) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 50%(CF+M50) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 75%(CF+M75) chemical fertilizer, and single application of manure. 0-20 cm of arable soil was collected at the turning green, jointing, flowering, and filling stages, and the internal relationship between soil enzyme activity and wheat yield, soil nutrients under the condition of organic and inorganic fertilizer application at each growth stage was discussed. 【Results】 Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment for farmers, 25% and 50% manure treatment increased the number of ears and grains per ear per unit area; The yield of winter wheat under M treatment was 16.2%, 15.9% and 16.8% lower than those under 25%(CF+M25), 50%(CF+M50) and 75%(CF+M75) manure replacement treatments, respectively; The total nitrogen content of CF+M25 and CF+M50 treatments showed a continuous increasing trend, reaching its maximum value during the mature period. The highest available potassium content was observed in the M treatment at each growth stage, which showed a significant difference compared to other treatments. It reached its maximum value of 297.5 mg/kg during the jointing stage, significantly increasing by 50.5% compared to the CF treatment; Soil enzyme activity was highly significantly correlated with available phosphorus content, but not significantly correlated with available potassium. 【Conclusion】 Soil nutrients, enzyme activities and winter wheat yield are closely related. The combination of manure with 30% can achieve the theoretical maximum yield.

Key words: combined application of organic and inorganic fertilize; winter wheat; yield; soil nutrient; soil enzyme activity

摘要：

【目的】研究有机无机肥配施对冬小麦生长发育和土壤质量的影响。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、有机肥替代25%化肥(CF+M25)、有机肥替代50%化肥(CF+M50)、有机肥替代75%化肥(CF+M75)、单施有机肥(M)6个处理,在小麦返青、拔节、开花、灌浆期采集0~20 cm耕层土壤,分析小麦各生育时期有机无机肥配施条件下土壤酶活性与小麦产量、土壤养分的内在关系。【结果】与常规施肥处理相比,CF+M25和CF+M50处理使小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数增加;单施有机肥处理使冬小麦产量降低,比25%、50%、75%有机肥替代处理分别降低16.2%、15.9%和 16.8%;CF+M25处理和CF+M50处理全氮含量呈持续增加的趋势,在成熟期达到最大值。小麦各生育时期速效钾含量以单施有机肥处理最高,与其他处理差异显著,并在拔节期达到最大值297.5 mg/kg,比常规施肥处理显著提高50.5%;土壤酶活性均与有效磷含量达极显著相关水平,与速效钾之间未达显著相关水平。【结论】土壤养分、酶活性和冬小麦产量之间密切相关,有机肥配施30%左右产量最高。

关键词: 有机无机肥配施, 冬小麦, 产量, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性