Abstract:

【Objective】 To review the current situation of wheat industry development in southern Xinjiang, and put forward countermeasures to improve wheat yield level in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 The current situation of wheat industry in southern Xinjiang was sorted out through literature review and interview. 【Results】 Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, the annual sown area of wheat in Xinjiang has remained above 113.33×10⁴ hm(1,700×10⁴ mu). The five prefectures in southern Xinjiang are wheat industrial areas in Xinjiang, mainly focusing on winter wheat planting. The average sown area from 2021 to 2023 is about 60×10⁴ hm(900×10⁴ mu). More than 50% of the wheat sown area in Xinjiang; The total yield is more than 330×10⁴ t, accounting for more than 50% of the total wheat production in Xinjiang; The yield per unit area was more than 370 kg/667m², slightly lower than the average level of wheat in Xinjiang. The main wheat varieties in southern Xinjiang are Xindong 20, Xindong 22, Xindong 60, Xindong 55 and Xindong 40. A total of 14 new wheat varieties have been approved in southern Xinjiang since the "13 th Five-Year Plan", and the cultivated varieties have achieved a great improvement in yield, but the early maturity of the new cultivated varieties is not prominent, and most varieties belong to the medium gluten level. 【Conclusion】 The wheat planting area and total yield in southern Xinjiang are in a leading position in wheat production in Xinjiang, but the yield per unit area is lower than the average wheat level in Xinjiang. At present, the main wheat varieties in southern Xinjiang are still Xindong 20 and Xindong 22. The planting area of newly approved wheat varieties is not large, the promotion speed is slow, and the replacement of varieties has not yet formed.

Key words: wheat; industry; per unit area yield; quality

摘要：

【目的】综述新疆南疆小麦产业发展的现状,提出南疆小麦单产水平提升对策。【方法】通过查阅文献和访谈交流等方法,梳理形成南疆小麦产业发展现状。【结果】“十四五”以来新疆小麦年播种面积均保持在113.33×10⁴ hm²(1 700×10⁴余亩)以上,南疆五地州是新疆小麦主产区,主要以冬小麦种植为主,2021~2023年平均播种面积60×10⁴ hm²(900×10⁴亩)左右,占全疆小麦播种面积的50%以上;总产330×10⁴ t以上,占全疆小麦总产量的50%以上;单产370 kg/667m²以上,略低于全疆小麦平均水平。南疆主栽小麦品种有新冬20号、新冬22号、新冬60号、新冬55号和新冬40号,“十三五”以来新疆南疆共审定小麦新品种14个,育成品种在产量方面取得了较大提升,但新育成品种早熟性不突出,品质大多属于中筋水平。【结论】南疆小麦种植面积和总产在新疆小麦生产中处于领先地位,但是单产水平低于全疆小麦平均水平。目前南疆小麦主栽品种仍以新冬20号和新冬22号为主,新审定的小麦品种种植面积尚不大,尚未形成品种的更新换代。

关键词: 小麦, 产业, 单产, 品质