Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was conducted to clarify the current situation of wheat diseases, pests and grasses in Xinjiang, and put forward scientific and reasonable comprehensive prevention and control strategies.【Methods】 The types, damage distribution and drug use of wheat pests in the main wheat producing areas of Xinjiang were investigated and recorded by means of questionnaire survey, field visit, field investigation and data collection, and the prevention and control countermeasures were analyzed.【Results】 There were many kinds of wheat pests in Xinjiang, among which frequent major pests such as wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew and aphids showed a tendency of multiple recurrence; minor diseases and pests such as wheat root rot, stem rot, nematode disease and dermatithrips tended to evolve into explosive major pests; resistance of dominant weeds in wheat fields tended to increase sharply. At present, chemical control was the main method for wheat pest control in Xinjiang. The frequency of administration was 1~2 times, and the control effect was relatively good. However, it is urgent to strengthen the research on the disaster regularity of wheat pest outbreak, the research and development of monitoring technology and pesticide products, the application of drug application equipment and the application of control and control. 【Conclusion】 We will increase the investment of innovation research and development in wheat plant protection technology and the construction of innovation system and mechanism, strengthen the basic theoretical research of wheat plant protection, innovate green pest control and intelligent monitoring technologies, improve the wheat plant protection service system, and provide technical support for the comprehensive control of wheat pests in Xinjiang.

Key words: wheat; harmful organisms; occurrence characteristics; control strategy

摘要：

【目的】分析新疆小麦病虫草等有害生物发生现状,提出科学合理的综合防控策略。【方法】采用问卷调查、实地走访、田间调研和文献资料收集等方法,调研新疆小麦主产区小麦有害生物种类、为害分布及防治情况,分析并提出防控对策。【结果】新疆小麦有害生物种类繁多,其中小麦条锈病、白粉病、蚜虫等常发性重大有害生物呈多发重发态势,小麦根腐病、茎基腐病、线虫病和皮蓟马等次要病虫害有演变为重要有害生物的趋势,麦田优势杂草存在抗药性急剧增加风险。现阶段新疆小麦有害生物防治以化学防治为主,用药次数1~2次,防效效果相对较好,但在小麦有害生物爆发成灾规律研究、监测技术和农药产品研发、施药器械和统防统治应用等方面尚需加强。【结论】加大小麦植保科技创新研发投入,加强小麦植保基础理论研究,创新有害生物绿色防控、智能化监测技术与产品,健全小麦植保服务体系,为新疆小麦有害生物综合防控提供技术支撑。

关键词: 小麦, 有害生物, 发生为害, 防控策略