Study on the agronomic traits and quality differences of grain sorghum in Xinjiang

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.010

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 2160-2167.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.010

• Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Study on the agronomic traits and quality differences of grain sorghum in Xinjiang

ZHANG Niao¹(), WANG Hui², FENG Guojun², Zaituniguli Kuerban²()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Research Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2024-03-10 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-10-09
Correspondence author: Zaituniguli Kuerban
Supported by:
Project of the Basic Scientific R &D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region"Study on the Mechanism of Nitrogen Dosage and Nitrogen Shift Mode on Physiological Characteristics of Sorghum and Utilization Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer"(KY2023031);Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Study on the Interrelation between Sorghum Variety and Water and Fertilizer Management and the Mechanism of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation"(2021D01A107);China Agricultural Research System(CARS-06-14.5-B30)

不同粒用高粱品种产量和农艺性状及品质的差异性分析

张鸟¹(), 王卉², 冯国郡², 再吐尼古丽·库尔班²()

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

通讯作者: 再吐尼古丽·库尔班
作者简介:张鸟(1996-),男,贵州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业资源与环境治理,(E-mail)2918847723@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目“施氮量及氮后移模式对高粱生理特征及氮肥利用效率的影响机制研究”(KY2023031);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目“高粱品种与水肥管理互作关系及其碳氮积累机理研究”(2021D01A107);国家谷子高粱产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-B30)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To analyze the yield, agronomic traits, and grain quality of different grain sorghum varieties, select high-quality brewing sorghum varieties suitable for planting in the Hotan area of southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing raw material support for the development of the sorghum industry in this region. 【Methods】 25 grain sorghum varieties were used as materials to study the quality and agronomic traits. 【Results】 The results showed that there were differences in agronomic traits, yield, and brewing quality among different varieties. All 25 varieties grew and matured normally in the local area, with strong adaptability. Among them, there was only one extremely early maturing and dwarf variety, Longza 20 (95 d), and 20 medium stem varieties suitable for mechanized cultivation included Jinnuo 103, Jinza 111, and Jiliang 3. The yield variation ranged between 156.53 kg/667m² and 1182.61 kg/667m², with variety 2878A×IR60, the yield was the lowest, and the yield of Jiliang 4 was the highest. Longza 20 had the highest sugar content (18.42 g/kg) and lysine content (3.26 g/kg), but the lowest tannin content (0.66 g/kg). The starch content of Jiliang 3 and Jiliang 4 was the highest and the difference was not significant. 【Conclusion】 In summary, considering the characteristics of growth period, agronomic traits, yield, and quality, Jiliang 4 has better comprehensive performance with good promotion prospects, so it is recommended to prioritize planting in the Hotan area.

Key words: sweet sorghum; different fertilization; growth period; soil nutrients

摘要：

【目的】分析不同粒用高粱品种的产量、农艺性状及籽粒品质,筛选出适宜新疆和田地区种植的优质酿酒高粱品种。【方法】以25个粒用高粱品种为材料,分析其品质性状和农艺性状。【结果】25个高粱品种均可正常生长并成熟,适应性强,其中极早熟特矮品种仅1个龙杂20(95 d),适合机械化栽培的中杆品种有晋糯103、晋杂111和主济粱3号等20个品种。产量变化156.53~1 182.61 kg/667m²,品种2878A×IR60的产量为最低,济粱4号的产量最高。龙杂20的糖分含量(18.42 g/kg)及赖氨酸含量最高(3.26 g/kg),单宁含量最低(0.66 g/kg)。济粱3号与济粱4号的淀粉含量最高且差异不显著。【结论】农艺性状、产量及酿酒品质各品种间均存在差异,济粱4号的综合表现更佳。

关键词: 粒用高粱, 农艺性状, 产量, 品质

CLC Number:

S514

ZHANG Niao, WANG Hui, FENG Guojun, Zaituniguli Kuerban. Study on the agronomic traits and quality differences of grain sorghum in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2160-2167.

张鸟, 王卉, 冯国郡, 再吐尼古丽·库尔班. 不同粒用高粱品种产量和农艺性状及品质的差异性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2160-2167.

Figures/Tables 7

References 19

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品种名称 Varieties name	播种期 Sowing date (M/D)	出苗期 Seeding stage (M/D)	开花期 Flowering stage (M/D)	成熟期 Maturity stage (M/D)	生育期 Growth period(d)
晋糯103 Jinnuo 103	4/23	4/28	6/18	8/9	108
晋杂111 Jinza 111	4/23	4/30	7/2	8/24	123
济粱3号Jiliang 3	4/23	4/30	6/29	8/24	123
泉粱5号Quanliang5	4/23	4/29	7/2	9/8	138
济糯粱2号Jinuoliang 2	4/23	4/30	6/30	9/8	138
济粱1号Jiliang 1	4/23	4/30	7/4	9/8	138
济粱4号Jiliang 4	4/23	4/29	7/6	9/8	138
JN11	4/23	4/30	6/30	9/8	138
JN7	4/23	4/30	6/29	9/4	134
JN8	4/23	4/30	7/3	9/4	134
104	4/23	4/30	7/4	9/4	134
冀乡粱1号Jixiangliang 1	4/23	4/29	7/3	8/24	123
28A×恒纯28A × Hengchun	4/23	4/29	7/2	8/25	124
冀乡粱2号Jixiangliang 2	4/23	4/30	7/6	8/25	124
2878A×IR60 2878A×IR60	4/23	4/30	7/2	8/25	124
赤杂131 Chiza 131	4/23	4/30	6/29	8/25	124
平试16 Pingshi 16	4/23	4/28	7/2	8/25	124
辽杂52 Liaoza 52	4/23	4/28	7/6	9/9	139
辽糯10 Liaonuo 10	4/23	4/29	6/28	9/8	138
辽糯11 Liaonuo 11	4/23	4/28	7/1	9/8	138
辽糯13 Liaonuo 13	4/23	4/29	7/3	8/27	126
辽糯18 Liaonuo 18	4/23	4/28	7/2	9/9	139
晋白糯1号Jinbainuo 1	4/23	4/30	7/1	8/26	125
晋白糯3号Jinbainuo 3	4/23	4/28	7/3	9/9	139
龙杂20 Longza 20	4/24	4/30	6/14	7/25	95

品种名称 Varieties name	播种期 Sowing date (M/D)	出苗期 Seeding stage (M/D)	开花期 Flowering stage (M/D)	成熟期 Maturity stage (M/D)	生育期 Growth period(d)
晋糯103 Jinnuo 103	4/23	4/28	6/18	8/9	108
晋杂111 Jinza 111	4/23	4/30	7/2	8/24	123
济粱3号Jiliang 3	4/23	4/30	6/29	8/24	123
泉粱5号Quanliang5	4/23	4/29	7/2	9/8	138
济糯粱2号Jinuoliang 2	4/23	4/30	6/30	9/8	138
济粱1号Jiliang 1	4/23	4/30	7/4	9/8	138
济粱4号Jiliang 4	4/23	4/29	7/6	9/8	138
JN11	4/23	4/30	6/30	9/8	138
JN7	4/23	4/30	6/29	9/4	134
JN8	4/23	4/30	7/3	9/4	134
104	4/23	4/30	7/4	9/4	134
冀乡粱1号Jixiangliang 1	4/23	4/29	7/3	8/24	123
28A×恒纯28A × Hengchun	4/23	4/29	7/2	8/25	124
冀乡粱2号Jixiangliang 2	4/23	4/30	7/6	8/25	124
2878A×IR60 2878A×IR60	4/23	4/30	7/2	8/25	124
赤杂131 Chiza 131	4/23	4/30	6/29	8/25	124
平试16 Pingshi 16	4/23	4/28	7/2	8/25	124
辽杂52 Liaoza 52	4/23	4/28	7/6	9/9	139
辽糯10 Liaonuo 10	4/23	4/29	6/28	9/8	138
辽糯11 Liaonuo 11	4/23	4/28	7/1	9/8	138
辽糯13 Liaonuo 13	4/23	4/29	7/3	8/27	126
辽糯18 Liaonuo 18	4/23	4/28	7/2	9/9	139
晋白糯1号Jinbainuo 1	4/23	4/30	7/1	8/26	125
晋白糯3号Jinbainuo 3	4/23	4/28	7/3	9/9	139
龙杂20 Longza 20	4/24	4/30	6/14	7/25	95

品种名称 Varieties name	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗长 Ear length (cm)
晋糯103 Jinnuo 103	108±0.20^k	29.60±0.67^gh
晋杂111 Jinza 111	107±1.82^k	30.30±1.56^fgh
济粱3号Jiliang 3	139±2.44^efg	37.60±0.36^a
泉粱5号Quan liang 5	146±3.82^c	33.00±2.64^cdef
济糯粱2号Jinuoliang 2	144±1.50^cd	32.60±1.52^defg
济粱1号Jiliang 1	123±1.82^h	32.6±1.88^defg
济粱4号Jiliang 4	135±1.84^g	34.60±3.40^abcde
JN11	142±0.82^cdef	36.00±1.08^abc
JN7	143±1.82^cde	37.30±2.87^ab
JN8	126±3.08^h	31.60±1.37^efgh
104	150±2.23^b	36.60±1.30^ab
冀乡粱1号 Jixiangliang 1	141±3.21^def	29.60±0.67^gh
28A×恒纯 28A × Hengchun	118±2.72ⁱ	30.30±1.44^fgh
冀乡粱2号 Jixiangliang 2	124±4.86^h	28.60±0.75^h
2878A×IR60	191±0.70^a	34.30±2.44^bcde
赤杂131 Chiza 131	146±3.75^c	29.60±1.64^gh
平试16 Pingshi 16	122±1.27^h	35.60±2.93^abcd
辽杂52 Liaoza 52	142±2.54^def	28.60±3.31^h
辽糯10 Liaonuo 10	138±2.99^fg	30.30±1.88^fgh
辽糯11 Liaonuo 11	152±1.63^b	31.60±1.34^efgh
辽糯13 Liaonuo 13	154±2.70^b	32.30±1.44^efg
辽糯18 Liaonuo 18	153±2.32^b	31.60±0.67^efgh
晋白糯1号Jinbainuo 1	126±3.10^h	30.30±0.79^fgh
晋白糯3号Jinbainuo 3	114±1.69^j	31.60±2.66^efgh
龙杂20 Longza 20	92±2.78^l	30.00±0.78^fgh

品种名称 Varieties name	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗长 Ear length (cm)
晋糯103 Jinnuo 103	108±0.20^k	29.60±0.67^gh
晋杂111 Jinza 111	107±1.82^k	30.30±1.56^fgh
济粱3号Jiliang 3	139±2.44^efg	37.60±0.36^a
泉粱5号Quan liang 5	146±3.82^c	33.00±2.64^cdef
济糯粱2号Jinuoliang 2	144±1.50^cd	32.60±1.52^defg
济粱1号Jiliang 1	123±1.82^h	32.6±1.88^defg
济粱4号Jiliang 4	135±1.84^g	34.60±3.40^abcde
JN11	142±0.82^cdef	36.00±1.08^abc
JN7	143±1.82^cde	37.30±2.87^ab
JN8	126±3.08^h	31.60±1.37^efgh
104	150±2.23^b	36.60±1.30^ab
冀乡粱1号 Jixiangliang 1	141±3.21^def	29.60±0.67^gh
28A×恒纯 28A × Hengchun	118±2.72ⁱ	30.30±1.44^fgh
冀乡粱2号 Jixiangliang 2	124±4.86^h	28.60±0.75^h
2878A×IR60	191±0.70^a	34.30±2.44^bcde
赤杂131 Chiza 131	146±3.75^c	29.60±1.64^gh
平试16 Pingshi 16	122±1.27^h	35.60±2.93^abcd
辽杂52 Liaoza 52	142±2.54^def	28.60±3.31^h
辽糯10 Liaonuo 10	138±2.99^fg	30.30±1.88^fgh
辽糯11 Liaonuo 11	152±1.63^b	31.60±1.34^efgh
辽糯13 Liaonuo 13	154±2.70^b	32.30±1.44^efg
辽糯18 Liaonuo 18	153±2.32^b	31.60±0.67^efgh
晋白糯1号Jinbainuo 1	126±3.10^h	30.30±0.79^fgh
晋白糯3号Jinbainuo 3	114±1.69^j	31.60±2.66^efgh
龙杂20 Longza 20	92±2.78^l	30.00±0.78^fgh

品种名称 Varieties name	可溶性总糖 Soluble sugar
晋糯103 Jinnuo 103	16.65±1.89^abc
济粱3号Jiliang 3	16.18±1.00^abc
济粱4号Jiliang 4	14.60±0.17^cd
JN7	13.17±0.32^d
104	16.86±1.87^abc
平试16 Pingshi 16	16.93±1.82^abc
辽糯18 Liaonuo 18	17.34±2.18^ab
晋白糯1号Jinbainuo 1	15.02±2.01^bcd
龙杂20 Longza 20	18.42±1.46^a

Study on the agronomic traits and quality differences of grain sorghum in Xinjiang

不同粒用高粱品种产量和农艺性状及品质的差异性分析

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Figures/Tables 7

References 19

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品种名称 Varieties name	淀粉含量 Starch content
晋糯103 Jinnuo 103	333.76±70.39^c
济粱3号Jiliang 3	608.51±44.84^a
济粱4号Jiliang 4	564.57±49.10^ab
JN7	510.11±4.18^b
104	497.41±69.41^b
平试16 Pingshi 16	388.66±62.27^c
辽糯18 Liaonuo 18	360.10±11.90^c
晋白糯1号Jinbainuo 1	376.68±40.99^c
龙杂20 Longza 20	377.50±28.00^c

品种名称 Varieties name	单宁含量 Tannin content
晋糯103 Jinnuo 103	3.44±1.47^ab
济粱3号Jiliang 3	3.58±0.72^a
济粱4号Jiliang 4	0.81±0.69^d
JN7	2.27±0.28^bc
104	0.79±1.13^d
平试16 Pingshi 16	2.78±0.26^ab
辽糯18 Liaonuo 18	3.99±0.21^a
晋白糯1号Jinbainuo 1	1.17±0.07^cd
龙杂20 Longza 20	0.66±0.18^d

品种名称 Varieties name	赖氨酸含量 Lysine cotent
晋糯103 Jinnuo 103	0.86±0.39^c
济粱3号Jiliang 3	0.48±0.02^c
济粱4号Jiliang 4	0.55±0.66^c
JN7	0.24±0.09^c
104	0.58±59.70^c
平试16 Pingshi 16	2.13±1.36^b
辽糯18 Liaonuo 18	0.37±0.27^c
晋白糯1号Jinbainuo 1	0.15±0.12^c
龙杂20 Longza 20	3.26±0.08^a

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