Effects of different growth stage application combinations of amendments on secondary salinized soil properties and sweet corn yield in Hexi Corrido

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of different application combinations of Hexi Corridor saline-alkali soil improv on secondary saline-alkali soil improvement and sweet corn growth in Hexi Corridor, so as to determine the best application plan of improv.【Methods】Taking Tianyu 2 as the test crop, the effects of saline-alkali soil improv on seedling emergence rate, seedling preservation rate, plant height, stem diameter, plant fresh weight, yield composition, yield, economic benefit and soil saline-alkali index of sweet corn in the whole maize growth period were studied.【Results】The seedling emergence rate increased by 8.38%-11.00% when saline soil amendment was applied once with seeding water, and the seedling preservation rate increased by 13.31%-15.64% when saline soil amendment was applied twice with seeding water. The bald tip length of the third amendment was shortened by 44.30%, the rate of the first grade was up to 46.27%, and the yield and economic benefit were the best. Saline-alkali soil amendments applied in different periods can reduce soil saline-alkali indices, pH, EC and ESP by 0.15-0.35, 31-146 μs/cm and 0.8%-4.8%, respectively. 【Conclusion】In summary, the best application time scheme of Hokang saline-alkali soil improver for soil improvement is: sowing time + improver 37.5 kg/hm², seedling stage + improver 30 kg/hm², spinning stage + improver 15 kg/hm².

Key words: growth period; secondary salinization; polymaleic acid; sweet corne

摘要：

【目的】研究前期筛选出禾康盐碱土改良剂不同生育期施用组合对河西走廊次生盐碱化土壤改良效果以及甜玉米生长的影响,以确定改良剂最佳施用方案。【方法】以甜玉2号为供试玉米,在整个玉米生育期结合6种不同组合的3次灌水施用盐碱土改良剂,研究其对河西走廊甜玉米出苗率、保苗率、株高、茎粗、植株鲜重、产量构成、产量、经济效益及土层盐碱指标的影响。【结果】随播种水施一次盐碱土改良剂,出苗率提高8.38%~11.00%,随苗水施第2次,保苗率提高13.31%~15.64%;吐丝期施第3次改良剂秃尖长缩短44.30%,一级品率最高达46.27%,且产量及经济效益最好;不同时期施入盐碱土改良剂可降低土壤盐碱指标:pH值、EC、ESP分别降低了0.15~0.35、31~146 μs/cm、0.8%~4.8%。【结论】施用禾康盐碱土改良剂改良土壤的最佳施用时期方案为播种期+改良剂37.5 kg/hm²、苗期+改良剂30 kg/hm²、吐丝期+改良剂15 kg/hm²。

关键词: 甜玉米, 生育期, 次生盐碱化, 聚马来酸

CLC Number:

S156.4

ZHONG Huili, WU Jun, LU Xiangsheng. Effects of different growth stage application combinations of amendments on secondary salinized soil properties and sweet corn yield in Hexi Corrido[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1615-1625.

钟辉丽, 武均, 陆祥生. 甜玉米不同生育期施用改良剂组合对其产量及河西走廊次生盐碱化土壤性质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1615-1625.

Figures/Tables 12

References 40

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等级 Level	成熟度 Maturity	外观指标 Appearance of indicators	果穗长度 Spike length (mm)	单价(元/穗) Unit price(Yuan /ear)
一级Level 1	完熟期	籽粒排列整齐、无虫蛀、无残损、无霉变、新鲜、无失水。切除秃尖	L≥180	0.68
二级Level 2	完熟期		160≤L<180	0.43
三级Level 3	完熟期		L<160	0.20

等级 Level	成熟度 Maturity	外观指标 Appearance of indicators	果穗长度 Spike length (mm)	单价(元/穗) Unit price(Yuan /ear)
一级Level 1	完熟期	籽粒排列整齐、无虫蛀、无残损、无霉变、新鲜、无失水。切除秃尖	L≥180	0.68
二级Level 2	完熟期		160≤L<180	0.43
三级Level 3	完熟期		L<160	0.20

处理 Treatments	测定值Value				较对照增减百分数(%)
处理 Treatments	出苗数 Emergence number (株/hm²)	出苗率 Emergence efficiency (%)	成苗数 Seedling survive number (株/hm²)	成苗率 Seedling survive rate (%)	出苗数 Emergence number	出苗率 Emergence efficiency	成苗数 Seedling survive number	成苗率 Seedling survive rate
T₁	61 086±944^a	98.32±1.52^a	58 613±565^a	94.34±0.91^a	12.6	12.6	19.9	19.9
T₂	60 459±633^a	97.31±1.02^a	58 123±441^a	93.55±0.71^a	11.4	11.4	18.9	18.9
T₃	59 458±882^a	95.70±1.42^a	57 433±273^a	92.44±0.44^a	9.6	9.6	17.5	17.5
T₄	61 023±367^a	98.22±0.59^a	58 016±289^a	93.38±0.47^a	12.5	12.5	18.7	18.7
T₅	60 117±671^a	96.76±1.08^a	57 164±814^a	92.01±1.31^a	10.8	10.8	16.9	16.9
T₆	60 123±633^a	96.77±1.02^a	58 370±1740^a	93.95±2.80^a	10.8	10.8	19.4	19.4
CK	54 252±764^b	87.32±1.23^b	48 896±596^b	78.70±0.96^b	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatments	测定值Value				较对照增减百分数(%)
处理 Treatments	出苗数 Emergence number (株/hm²)	出苗率 Emergence efficiency (%)	成苗数 Seedling survive number (株/hm²)	成苗率 Seedling survive rate (%)	出苗数 Emergence number	出苗率 Emergence efficiency	成苗数 Seedling survive number	成苗率 Seedling survive rate
T₁	61 086±944^a	98.32±1.52^a	58 613±565^a	94.34±0.91^a	12.6	12.6	19.9	19.9
T₂	60 459±633^a	97.31±1.02^a	58 123±441^a	93.55±0.71^a	11.4	11.4	18.9	18.9
T₃	59 458±882^a	95.70±1.42^a	57 433±273^a	92.44±0.44^a	9.6	9.6	17.5	17.5
T₄	61 023±367^a	98.22±0.59^a	58 016±289^a	93.38±0.47^a	12.5	12.5	18.7	18.7
T₅	60 117±671^a	96.76±1.08^a	57 164±814^a	92.01±1.31^a	10.8	10.8	16.9	16.9
T₆	60 123±633^a	96.77±1.02^a	58 370±1740^a	93.95±2.80^a	10.8	10.8	19.4	19.4
CK	54 252±764^b	87.32±1.23^b	48 896±596^b	78.70±0.96^b	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatments	测定值 Value				较CK增加百分数
处理 Treatments	株高 (cm)	茎粗 (mm)	穗位高 (cm)	植株鲜重 (kg)	株高 (%)	茎粗 (%)	穗位高 (%)	植株鲜重 (%)
T₁	259.93^a	27.94^a	117.36^a	1.21^a	0.8	9.4	8	44
T₂	256.00^a	27.78^a	116.80^a	0.97^d	-0.7	8.8	7.5	15.5
T₃	259.20^a	27.27^a	115.73^a	1.01^c	0.5	6.8	6.5	20.2
T₄	261.63^a	26.84^ab	114.20^ab	1.09^b	1.4	5.1	5.1	29.8
T₅	255.42^a	26.69^b	110.87^b	0.97^d	-1	4.5	2.1	15.5
T₆	256.17^a	26.21^b	110.07^b	0.91^e	-0.7	2.7	1.3	8.3
CK	257.93^a	25.53^c	108.63^b	0.84^f	0	0	0	0