Variation of environmental factors and analysis of tomato traits in low-energy assembly-type deep-winter production solar greenhouse

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.025

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the influence of low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse on indoor environmental factors and the growth and yield of tomato, and to provide data support for the subsequent cultivation of tomato in the new greenhouse. 【Methods】 In the study, the low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse (new greenhouse) was selected as the test greenhouse, and the ordinary brick wall structure solar greenhouse was selected as the control greenhouse. The influence of the environmental difference between the test greenhouse and the control greenhouse on the growth and quality yield of overwintering crop tomato was analyzed. 【Results】 The new solar greenhouse was increased by 14.7%, the daytime warming effect decreased by 7.35%; the indoor surface soil temperature increased by 30.1% and-50 cm by 20.85%; the relative air humidity decreased by 20.85%, and the daily solar radiation increased by 12.20%. Compared with the traditional brick wall solar greenhouse, the average plant height of the new solar greenhouse increased by about 32%, and the average stem thickness increased by about 9.2%. Overall, the new solar greenhouse is more conducive to the growth and development of tomatoes. At the same time, the study found that the unit per mu yield of tomato, the per fruit weight of tomato and the vitamin C content of the new solar greenhouse increased by 17.28%, 12.72% and 14.34% respectively compared with the traditional brick solar greenhouse, which had a certain improvement effect, especially in the unit per mu yield of tomato, its gain effect is obvious. 【Conclusion】 The new solar greenhouse is obviously better than the ordinary brick wall structure in terms of thermal insulation performance at night. Its larger spatial structure reduces the indoor air humidity and then improves the total radiation of the greenhouse, and indirectly improves the photosynthesis ability of crops. Therefore, the research believes that compared with the ordinary wall solar greenhouse, the overall tomato yield is higher. Compared with the traditional brick wall greenhouse, the new solar greenhouse overall advantage, make it has more convenient and practical, but also has higher economic benefits.

Key words: deep winter production type solar greenhouse; environmental factors; tomato; quality; yield; benefit

摘要：

【目的】研究低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室对室内环境因子以及番茄生长与产量的影响,为该新型温室越冬茬番茄栽培提供数据支持。【方法】选取低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室(新型温室)为试验温室,传统砖墙结构日光温室为对照温室,分析试验温室和对照温室的环境差异性对越冬茬番茄生长发育与产量品质的影响。【结果】新型日光温室空气温度相对于砖墙日光温室空气温度,其夜间增温效果提高14.7%,其昼间增温效果降低7.35%;夜间室内表层土壤温度提高30.1%,-50 cm土壤温度提高20.85%;空气相对湿度降低20.85%,日光照辐射量提高12.20%。新型日光温室较之传统砖墙日光温室,其平均株高提高约32%,平均茎粗增加约9.2%。新型日光温室更有利于番茄生长发育。新型日光温室番茄单位面积产量、番茄单果重以及VC含量较之传统砖墙日光温室,分别提高17.28%、12.72%和14.34%,尤其在番茄单位面积产量上,其增益效果明显。【结论】新型日光温室在夜间保温性能方面明显优于传统砖墙结构日光温室,其更大的空间结构降低了室内空气湿度进而提高了温室光照总辐射,间接提高作物光合作用能力。新型日光温室相比于传统墙体日光温室,其番茄整体产量更高。相比于传统砖墙温室,新型日光温室的总体优势大,其竞争力强,实用性、经济效益均佳。

关键词: 深冬生产型日光温室, 环境因子, 番茄, 品质, 产量, 效益

CLC Number:

S641.2

ZHANG Caihong, WANG Guoqiang, JIANG Luyan, LIU Tao, DE Xianming. Variation of environmental factors and analysis of tomato traits in low-energy assembly-type deep-winter production solar greenhouse[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 2043-2053.

张彩虹, 王国强, 姜鲁艳, 刘涛, 德贤明. 低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室环境因子变化及番茄性状分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 2043-2053.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Structure diagram of low energy assembly

Tab.1 Low-limit heat resistance of the solar greenhouse envelope structure

室外设计温度 Outdoor design temperature(℃)	低限热阻 R₀(m² k/w)
室外设计温度 Outdoor design temperature(℃)	后墙、山墙 Back wall	后屋面 After roof
-26	2.1	4.0
-29	2.43	4.9
-32	2.8	6.0

Fig.2 Inside and planting patterns of the test plot

Fig.3 The sensor cross-section setting diagram of the test sample plot

Tab.2 Comparison of the two environmental factors of the solar greenhouse

温室类型 Greenhouse type	环境因子 Environmental factor
温室类型 Greenhouse type	夜间空气温度 Air temperature at night (℃)	昼间空气温度 Air temperature during the day (℃)	-10 cm土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	-20 cm土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	-50 cm土壤温度 soil temper- ature(℃)	光照总辐射 Total light radiation (MJ/m²)	相对空气湿度 Relative air humidity (%)
新型温室 New greenhouse	12.93	27.32	12.2	12.89	12.11	3.4588	66.99
传统温室 Traditional greenhouse	9.21	29.33	11.03	11.68	10.02	3.0828	92.05

Fig.4 Time dynamics diagram of winter temperature in two kinds of solar greenhouses Notes: In the figure, A is the lowest temperature in winter, and B is the highest temperature in winter

Tab.3 Daily effective cumulative temperature of different solar greenhouses

温室类型 Greenhouse type	舒适生长时间 Comfortable growth time (h)	不舒适生长时间 Uncomfortable growth time (h)	日有效积温 Effective daily temperature accumulation (℃·h)
新型温室 New greenhouse	20	4	179.12
普通温室 Ordinary greenhouse	16	8	134.34

Fig.5 Dynamic diagram of indoor relative humidity of two solar greenhouses in winter

Fig.6 Dynamic diagram of indoor solar light radiation intensity in two kinds of solar greenhouses in winter

Fig.7 Comparisons of plant height and stem thickness of tomato between low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse and common wall solar greenhouse

Fig.8 Comparisons of net photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves in low energy consumption assembled deep winter production solar greenhouse and ordinary wall solar greenhouse

Fig.9 Comparisons of nutritional composition of tomato in low-energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse and common wall solar greenhouse

Fig.10 Tomato per-mu yield of two kinds of solar greenhouses

Fig.11 Comparisons of tomato yield at each stage between low-energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse and ordinary wall solar greenhouse

Tab.4 Undimensionalized score of comprehensive evaluation index of tomato production in two greenhouses

温室类型 Greenhouse type	年费用 Annual cost	经济效益 Economic benefits	设施农业生产效率 Production efficiency of facility agriculture	热效率 Heat efficiency	地温增效 Ground temperature and efficiency	温室增温效果 Greenhouse warming effect	耗煤量 Coal consumption	光照增效 Light efficiency
新型温室 New greenhouse	0.75	0.95	0.85	0.90	0.95	0.90	0.00	0.75
传统温室 Traditional greenhouse	0.80	0.80	0.70	0.80	0.70	0.80	0.40	0.70

Fig.12 Radar analysis of low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse and ordinary wall solar greenhouse

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