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20 April 2025, Volume 62 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding · Cultivation Physiology · Physilolgy and Biochemistry
Horticultural Special Local Products · Forestry · Agricultural Product Processing Engineering
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Crop Genetics and Breeding · Cultivation Physiology · Physilolgy and Biochemistry

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Estimation of cotton LAI and SPAD under water-nitrogen coupling based on multi-spectral imaging of unmanned aerial vehicle ZHAO Yuhang, YAN An, MA Mengqian, XIAO Shuting, SUN Zhe, LI Jingyan 2025, 62(4): 781-790.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1326KB) ( )   【Objective】 Cotton chlorophyll content and leaf area index are rapidly inferred by UAV using multispectral remote sensing data, which is crucial for predicting yield and making field management decisions. 【Methods】 The cotton in Aral, Xinjiang was taken as the research object, the influencing factors of cotton LAI and SPAD value were taken into consideration in the research, and different irrigation levels and different nitrogen levels were set to create a differentiated canopy structure. Vegetation indexes (VIs) were obtained by using a UAV equipped with multispectral sensors to obtain the canopy images of cotton during the main growth periods, and the mean values (MEA), variance (VAR), synergy (HOM), contrast (CON), dissimilarity (DIS), information (ENT), second-order moment (SEM), correlation (COR) and so on were obtained based on the second-order probabilistic statistical filtering (CO-occurrence measures) method (altogether 8 texture features TFs). The estimation models of cotton LAI and SPAD value based on spectral features, texture features and the combination of the two were established, and the differences were compared. 【Results】 (1) The results showed that the LAI and SPAD value of cotton increased first and then decreased during the whole growth period, and the maximum values of LAI and SPAD value of cotton were at the flowering stage. (2) Four VIs (NDVI, OSAVI, NDCI, RVI) and three TFs (CON, ENT, SEM) with high absolute correlation coefficients were screened out, and cotton LAI and SPAD value estimation models were constructed based on SVR, BPNN, RF, and the highest accuracy of the estimation model was the RF model. (3) The estimation effect of the three input variables on cotton LAI and SPAD value was VIs+TFs, VIs, and TFs in order of accuracy. The fused variables have the highest accuracy for the estimation model of cotton LAI and SPAD value (R2=0.97, RMSE=0.07, R2=0.91, RMSE=1.63). 【Conclusion】 RF algorithm model constructed by using VIs and TFs extracted from multi-spectral remote sensing images of UAV can estimate cotton LAI and SPAD value with high accuracy.

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Research on cotton SPAD estimation based on UAV multispectral images combined with machine learning LI Ke, YIN Caixia, CHEN Maoguang, CUI Hanyu, WANG Ke, LIU Liyang, TANG Qiuxiang 2025, 62(4): 791-799.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1210KB) ( )   【Objective】 Rapid and non-destructive monitoring of SPAD value has important guiding significance for field management measures. 【Methods】 In this study, the DJI M350 RTK drone equipped with multispectral sensors was used to obtain multi-temporal canopy remote sensing images, calculate the multispectral vegetation index, screen the features significantly related to SPAD value, and four machine learning algorithms including limit learning machine, random forest regression, support vector regression and multiple stepwise regression were combined to construct a SPAD value estimation model for cotton at each growth stage. 【Results】 The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between vegetation index and cotton SPAD value at each growth stage, and there was a high correlation between CCCI (canopy chlorophyll content index) and CIrededge (red edge chlorophyll index) and SPAD value, with the highest correlation coefficients of 0.81 and 0.78, respectively. Comparing the accuracy of the model at different growth stages, it was found that the model at flowering stage had the highest accuracy, with the best estimation model being ELM, R2 being 0.741, RMSE being 1.447, rRMSE being 0.023, ELM being the best estimation model at budding stage and flocculation stage (R2 being 0.656 and 0.587, respectively), and RFR (R2 being 0.577) at full boll stage. 【Conclusion】 This study shows that the optimal growth period for SPAD value estimation of cotton leaves is atthe flowering stage, the optimal model is ELM, and the model accuracy R2 is the highest 0.741.

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Bioinformatics analysis and functional verification of GHSHA1 gene in Gossypium hirsutum L. LI Huqing, SHAO Dongnan, ZHANG Yi, LIU Feng, ZHANG Xinyu, LI Yanjun, SUN Jie, YANG Yonglin, XUE Fei 2025, 62(4): 800-806.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1251KB) ( )   【Objective】 The plant height of cotton can affect crop yield by affecting plant density and community photosynthesis efficiency. Therefore, cultivating ideal plant types of cotton is of great significance for improving cotton yield. 【Methods】 In current study, the GhSHA1 genes of upland cotton were obtained by BLAST comparison with the SHA1 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. The effects of GhSHA1 genes on plant height development of cotton were investigated by VIGS, qRT-PCR and overexpression techniques. 【Results】 The results showed that GhSHA1 gene were highlyexpressed in the stem. GhSHA1 was a hydrophobic transmembrane protein with a preference for codons ending in A/T. GhSHA1 gene was silenced by VIGS technology in upland cotton, and the plant height of silenced plants was significantly lower than that of empty pTRV2:00 plants (P<0.01). GhSHA1 overexpression vector was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with the control wild type, the plant height of the overexpressed lines was significantly increased (P<0.01). Meanwhile, GhSHA1 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted the expression of WUS gene (P<0.01), decreased the expression of CLV3 gene (P<0.01),but had no effect on the expression of CLV1 and CLV2. 【Conclusion】 In summary, the results indicates that the GhSHA1 gene promotes cotton plant height development by enhancing the expression of SAM related genes. The study of this provides theoretical basis and technical support for improving the growth and development status of cotton.

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Effects of RZWQM2-based nitrogen fertilizer transport mode on cotton growth and yield QIAO Di, LIN Tao, CUI Jianping, ZHANG Pengzhong, ZHANG Hao, BAO Longlong, TANG Qiuxiang 2025, 62(4): 807-819.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2014KB) ( )   【Objective】 To address the hot issue of how to use crop growth models to quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of machine-picked cotton growth under different nitrogen fertilizer operation modes.【Methods】 2-year density and nitrogen fertilizer intercropping experiment was carried out in Aksu cotton area to obtain basic data on aboveground biomass, leaf area index and seed cotton yield, and construct simulation scenarios of nitrogen fertilizer base-tracking ratios and fertility stage allocation ratios, on the basis of which the parameter localization of the RZWQM2 model was completed, and the dynamics of biomass and its characteristics of changes in machine-picked cotton under different nitrogen fertilizer management strategies analyzed and in the end, the effects of these strategies on maximum leaf area index and yield simulation were explored. 【Results】 The model validation results showed that the RZWQM2 model could realize the estimation of the growth dynamics of cotton from seedling to maturity. The average validation accuracy of LAI was 0.43 and 10.71% for RMSE and NRMSE, respectively, and the average RMSE, MRE and NRMSE of aboveground biomass during the validation process were 593.01 kg/hm2, 17.6% and 11.01%, respectively, and the average MRE of seed cotton yield was 4.36%, with an average d-value of 0.88, which was in good agreement with the predicted values. The results of scenario simulation showed that compared with the conventional treatment (N271), the K value of N163 biomass was increased by 1.18%, the maximum growth rate (Vm) of reproductive organs was increased by 1.16%, and the rapid growth period (Δt) was shortened by 0.89%. And N163 finally allocated 64.15% of biomass to cotton bolls, which improved the allocation index by 1.38%, and seed cotton yield was significantly and positively correlated with K, Vm, and reproductive organ PI. Maximum leaf area index, seed cotton yield performance with the increase of base tracking ratio first increased and then decreased. In the subsequent period, the increase of nitrogen application showed a trend of first increase and then decreased, the peak appeared in the base tracking ratio of 3∶7, and the transport ratio of N163, compared with the conventional treatment, were 1.58% and 5.48% higher, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In a word, the RZWQM2 model can be used as an important prediction tool for nitrogen management decisions. Under the conditions of this study, a reasonable base-tracking ratio and appropriate backward movement of nitrogen fertilizer during the cotton fertility period is an effective nitrogen management strategy, and this study can provide a scientific decision for rational nitrogen application, which promotes accurate and efficient management of nitrogen fertilizer.

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Comprehensive evaluation of low temperature tolerance of different varieties of spring wheat seeds during germination LIU Xuhuan, YU Shan, LIU Yue, SHI Shubing 2025, 62(4): 820-828.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (921KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to compare the low temperature tolerance of spring wheat seeds during germination by low temperature stress,It has provided basic data for the low temperature tolerance quality screening and planting utilization of spring wheat, and also laid a theoretical foundation for the low temperature tolerance gene mining and new germplasm creation. 【Methods】 Cold tolerance coefficient, membership function and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the low temperature tolerance of 33 spring wheat seeds during germination. 【Results】 Under low temperature stress, 9 indexes related to seed germination and seedling growth characteristics of spring wheat varieties showed a downward trend. Based on the comprehensive cold tolerance coefficient and membership function, the 33 varieties of spring wheat were divided into four different low temperature tolerance types, namely, strong low temperature tolerance, medium low temperature tolerance, weak low temperature tolerance and low temperature sensitivity. 【Conclusion】 The selection of the strong low temperature tolerance variety Xinchun 6 and the low temperature sensitivity variety Xinchun 49.

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Establishing a rapeseed salt tolerance identification system by using saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang HU Fengyi, GU Yuanguo, HOU Xianfei, JIA Donghai, MIAO Haocui, SHEN Jinxiong, WANG Tianling, HUANG Yi, WANG Jie, LI Qiang, YU Yuehua 2025, 62(4): 829-836.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (991KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to explore the tolerance of rapeseed under saline-alkali soil stress in Xinjiang, screen out salt-tolerant varieties that are more in line with actual production, and establish a salt tolerance identification system for rapeseed under saline-alkali environment in this region. 【Methods】 In this study, the pot soil culture method was used to identify the salt tolerance of rapeseed germplasm resources with strong salt tolerance screened in the previous experiment with the proportion of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 in southern Xinjiang saline soil. The salt tolerance of the whole growth period was identified, and the optimum concentration of salt tolerance screening for rapeseed under saline-alkali soil was determined to be. The concentration of saline soil was used to identify 300 rapeseed varieties, and the germination rate was determined. According to the growth situation, 6 rapeseed germplasm resources with strong salt tolerance were screened out, and salt tolerance gradient identification was carried out according to different proportions. The ion content was determined, and the salt tolerance of the varieties was classified by the germination rate of rapeseed under saline soil. 【Results】 The results showed that the optimum concentration of T3 for the identification of salt tolerance of rapeseed during germination under saline soil in Xinjiang was determined. In addition,the ion content was determined, and the salt tolerance of rapeseed varieties was classified according to the germination rate of rapeseed under saline soil. 【Conclusion】 In this experiment, the salt tolerance identification concentration of rape saline soil is determined. According to this concentration, 300 rapes are divided into four categories: strong, medium, weak and extremely weak by germination rate, including 10 salt-tolerant varieties, 75 medium salt-tolerant varieties, 91 sensitive salt varieties and 24 extremely sensitive salt varieties. According to the observation of the whole growth period, 6 varieties with strong salt tolerance are determined, and the salt tolerance identification experiment is carried out in the whole growth period. According to F = 0.4 Z + 0.3 H + 0.3 Y, the salt tolerance was classified. The Z <0.3 of CJLZS219266 and CJLZS219310 was grade IV, saline-alkali sensitivity. The Z value 0.3 ≤ Z <0.5 of CJLZS219346, CJLZS219181 and CJLZS219172 is grade III, which is not tolerant to saline-alkali. The F > 0.7 of CJLZS219368 is grade I strong saline-alkali resistance.

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Comparative analysis of agronomic traits and yield of different fresh corn varieties (series) HAO Xiyu, ZHANG Zhongjuan, ZHENG Chengdong, ZHANG Siwen, ZHANG Jin, ZHENG Chunxiu, WU Shikai, WANG Xue 2025, 62(4): 837-849.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1939KB) ( )   【Objective】 Comparative analysis of agronomic traits and yield of different fresh corn varieties (series) in Heilongjiang,in order to provide support for the selection of high-quality varieties in the main production areas of fresh corn. 【Methods】 In this experiment, 17 agronomic traits and yield of 69 varieties of fresh corn were compared by variance analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The results showed that the growth period of Jingcaitiannuo was the longest (115 days), and that of Sitian 7 was the shortest (88 days). The plant height of N-2022-212 was the highest (331 cm), while the plant height of Meizhen 209 was the lowest (196.7 cm). The ear height of Jingcaitiannuo was the highest (166.4 cm), while the ear height of Sitian 7 was the lowest (39.6 cm). The stem of Mitiannuo 1 was the thickest (3.5 cm). The ear length of N-2022-207-4 was the longest (24.34 cm), while the ear length of sticky Doll 800 was the shortest (14.7 cm). 36 varieties including Baitiannuo 708 and Xuenuo 2 were of non- bald-rip type. The number of rows per ear of N-2022-213 was the highest(22 rows). The number of kernels per row of N-2022-207-4 was the highest (50.2 grains). The ear weight of Wanheinuo 109 was the largest (640.6 g), while the ear weight of Sticky Doll 700 was the smallest (182.3 g). The yield of Wanheinuo 109 was the highest(27,865 kg/hm2). 5 principal components and a comprehensive score model were exacted by principal component analysis, and 69 fresh corn varieties were divided into 5 groups by cluster analysis. 【Conclusion】 The top 10 varieties in terms of comprehensive agronomic traits are N-2022-215, Wanheinuo 109, Mitiannuo 1, N-2022-204, N-2022-207-4, Wannuo 188, Sidanuo 51, Bidarongxianhe, Jingcaitiannuo, and Bidarongbenchu. Cluster IV is a high-yielding group, in which the yield of Wanheinuo 109 is the highest that can meet the demand of planting large-eared fresh corn.

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Quality analysis of whole-plant silage corn in Xinjiang HOU Liangzhong, TAN Rui, DU Baojun, GUO Tongjun, CAO Hongbin, Guzailinuer Aimaiti 2025, 62(4): 850-857.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (787KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to guide the ruminant livestock farms in Xinjiang to scientifically suppress whole-plant silage corn. 【Methods】 A total of 103 silage samples were collected from 9 prefectures(city) from 2019 to 2021, and 13 indicators such as dry matter, crude protein and ash in the samples were determined by near-infrared detection method, and the net maintenance net energy (NEm), net energy for lactating cows (NEL) and net energy for weight gain (NEg) were calculated. According to the evaluation method of whole plant silage corn grade, the production level and optimized process of whole plant silage corn in Xinjiang were analyzed. 【Results】 (1) The pH value of the whole plant silage corn was controlled below 4, the content of lactic acid (LA) accounted for a high proportion of DM, and the anaerobic fermentation was sufficient to achieve the purpose of long-term preservation. (2) 33.33%, 44.44% and 22.22% of the whole-plant silage corn in different prefectures had good, medium and pass nutrient rating, respectively. The content of DM in silage was low, and the contents of CP, NDF and ADF were high. (3) There was no significant difference in Ca and P content, NEm, NEL and NEg in silages from different areas. 【Conclusion】 The pH value of whole-plant corn silage pressed in various prefectures (city) of Xinjiang is below 4.0, and anaerobic fermentation fully achieve the purpose of long-term preservation. However, according to the evaluation criteria of silage corn, it is not excellent. Considering the dry matter content of silage corn, it is recommended to delay the harvest of silage corn for 5-10 days.

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Germination characteristics and salt tolerance of rice seeds under salt stress Gulinaer Bahetibieke, LIU Wenjing, MA Jingbiao, ZHANG Guosheng, GUO Qiping, YUAN Jie, ZHANG Yanhong, AN Wangang, Sajidaimu Yusufu, PAN Jianming, REN Lei 2025, 62(4): 858-868.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1860KB) ( )   【Objective】 Studying the germination characteristics of different rice varieties under salt stress and evaluating their salt tolerance is an important basic work for screening salt tolerant rice varieties. 【Methods】 This study used 24 rice varieties approved and introduced in Xinjiang as the test varieties and adopted a single factor experimental design. Five salt concentration levels were set:T0 (0 g/L), T1 (3 g/L), T2 (6 g/L), T3 (9 g/L), T4 (12 g/L), T5 (15 g/L), with 0 concentration (T0) as the control. Each group of treatments was repeated three times to explore the effects of different salt concentration gradients on rice seed germination rate, germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vitality index, number of roots, root length and bud length. 【Results】 The correlation analysis results showed that with the increase of salt concentration, the germination rate, germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vitality index, root number, root length, and bud length of different rice varieties showed a negative correlation overall, namely, a downward trend. An increase in salt concentration enhanced the inhibitory effect on rice seed germination, sometimes, even without germination. 【Conclusion】 Salt damage rate and salt tolerance level shows that varieties such as 213-5-1-2-0, Ningjing 58, and Xinjing 43 have the strongest salt tolerance,, which can be used as salt tolerant rice varieties or resources. But, varieties 9721, 213-40-5-3-0, Xindao 53, and Xinjing 9 have the weakest salt tolerance.

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Effects of different substrates, cuttings densities and times of fertilizers on micropotato production YANG Ruwei, LIU Yi, Gulimila Rehemutula, SUN Hui, JIANG Yinghong 2025, 62(4): 869-875.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (845KB) ( )   【Objective】 Study on the influence of different key factors in the production of miniature potatoes. 【Methods】 The test-tube seedlings of potato detoxification seedling Chaohe 15 was taken as the test material, the three-factor split-area design of substrate, cutting density and the number of times of fertilizers were adopted to study the effects of various factors and their interactions on the potato miniature potato multiplication, and the method of the subordinate function was used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the production effect of various treatment combinations. 【Results】 In the two-factor interaction, substrate type×cuttings density had the greatest effect on yield traits, with highly significant differences in the number of large potatoes, effective potato yield, large potato yield, and total yield; substrate type×fertilizer number only had a significant effect on the number of single-planted potatoes and the number of effective potatoes; and cuttings density×fertilizer number had a non-significant effect on each yield trait. In the three-factor interaction, except for the significant difference in the number of large potatoes, the differences in the other indicators did not reach the significant level. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive evaluation of the affiliation function shows that the A2B2C3 combination has the largest affiliation value, and the combination of substrate of vermiculite: grass charcoal as 1:1 mixed substrate, plant spacing of 5 cm×8 cm, and the 4 times of fertilization has the largest average affiliation function value (0.806), of which the plant height affiliation function value is the best among all combinations, with the yield of effective potatoes 0.990, the yield of large potatoes 0.903, and stem thickness 0.792, which is the optimal combinations for the production of the original seed of Chaohe 15.

Horticultural Special Local Products · Forestry · Agricultural Product Processing Engineering

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Effects of exogenous sugar alcohol calciumon the quality and volatile substances of Kumaiti apricot HUA Hui, ZENG Xueling, TANG Zhanghu, WANG Shaopeng, YU Shuiyun, ZHANG Shikui, ZHOU Weiquan 2025, 62(4): 876-886.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1278KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of calcium sugar alcohol spray before harvest on the quality and volatile substances of apricot fruit in Kumaiti. 【Methods】 Using Kumaiti as the test material, the fruit quality at maturity was determined by spraying 800, 1,200, 1,600 times diluted calcium sugar alcohol calcium solution before harvest. At the same time, headspace solid phase microextractivity-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the volatile compounds of apricot fruit at maturity stage. 【Results】 The quality of apricot fruit was improved by applying sugar alcohol calcium before harvest, among which KMT-800 treatment was the most significant. The single fruit weight, fruit hardness, soluble solids, vitamin C content and titrable acid content were increased by 8.50%, 64.13%, 31.05%, 61.03% and 86.57% compared with CK. The total content of volatile substances in Kumaiti fruit treated with different concentrations of calcium sugar alcohol was significantly higher than CK. The content of volatile substances in fruits treated with KMT-800 was the highest, which was (220.89±26.88) μg/g, an increase of 48% compared with CK. The total content of volatile substances in fruits of KMT-1,200 treatment and KMT-1,600 treatment increased by 39% and 25%, respectively.A total of 59 key aroma substances were screened, the contents of terpenoids, heterocyclic compounds, alcohols, phenols and ketones were significantly different from those of CK treatment. 【Conclusion】 The results show that the treatment of KMT-800 sugar alcohol calcium has the best effect on improving the quality and volatile substances of apricot fruit.

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Sequence analysis and detection of grapevine geminivirus A WANG Shu, LIU Baojun, ZHANG Liya, SHAN Jiaqi, LI Kemei, BAI Jianyu 2025, 62(4): 887-893.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (943KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to determine the field infection status of Grapevine Geminivirus A in Turpan City,Xinjiang.【Methods】 71 suspected grape virus samples were collected and detected and according to the results of high-throughput sequencing, the existence of grapevine geminivirus A in the sample was verified, and the whole gene sequence of GGVA was determined. The whole gene sequence of grapevine geminivirus A was used as the target to design specific primers for the detection of suspected grape virus samples. 【Results】 The whole genome sequence of GGVA was determined, and GGVA-QKT isolates were obtained, with nucleotide identity of 94.3%-99.3%, and published isolates were highly homologous, among which, they were closely related to two GGVA isolates from Israel (KX618694.1) and (NC_031340.1). 【Conclusion】 71 different parts of the grape samples were Grapevine geminivirus A, 71 grape samples from different regions were infected with Grapevine geminivirus A. among them, Shanshan County,Xinjiang had the highest detection rate 30.55%, while Tokson County,Xinjiang had the lowest detection rate 9.10%. The virus was very common in the grape growing area of Turpan County,Xinjiang. In this study, the field infection status of Grapevine geminivirus A in Turpan City is detected.

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Effects of increasing organicfertilizer and reducing chemical fertilizer on fruit quality of Xiahei grape in arid areas LYU Qi, ZHANG Xiaohui, ZHANG Jinzhi, WANG Jingjing 2025, 62(4): 894-902.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1175KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of decreasing the amount of organic fertilizer and drip irrigation fertilizer on the growth and development of grape and fruit quality. 【Methods】 7 years age Xiahei grapes were taken as test materials, and five treatments were set: three years in a row without fertilization (CK), three consecutive years fertilization of chemical fertilizer (T0), organic fertilizer + one reduction year fertilizer (T1), organic fertilizer + two years reduction years (T2), organic fertilizers + three years reduction chemical fertilizer (T3). The effects of increasing organic fertilizer and decreasing the amount of chemical fertilizer on drip application was studied by continuous 3a positioning experiment. 【Results】 The experimental results showed that the longitudinal and transverse diameters of Xiahei grape fruits in the two rapid expansion periods (15-22 d and 36-43 d after flowering) under T2 treatment were the largest, and the single fruit weight, single spike weight and yield were 14.6%, 4.8% and 4.7% higher than that of T0, respectively, followed by T3.During the expansion period, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of grape leaves under T2 treatment were significantly higher than that of T0, which accelerated the accumulation of photosynthetic products. For grape fruit coloring and fruit quality, anthocyanin content in grape skins under T2 treatment was 22.0% higher than that of T0, accelerated chlorophyll decomposition and promoted fruit coloring, followed by T3. The soluble solids, saccharin acid ratio, sugar content, vitamin C and total phenol of fruits were significantly increased under T2 treatment. 【Conclusion】 The organic fertilizer and the drop fertilizer have obvious positive effects on the growth and quality of grape.

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Effects of different planting modes of yellow sand substrate on tomato yield and quality in solar greenhouse MA Ruhai, HUANG Chunyan, CUI Huimei, ZHENG Yuehui, FANG Yuan, WANG Dengwei 2025, 62(4): 903-910.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1134KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sand- substratebag cultivation (BC) and trough cultivation (TC) on tomato yield and quality, and to verify the advantages and effects of different planting modes, aiming to provide technical support for desert and Gobi facility agriculture in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The tomato varieties under the test were Kardiya 800 and Shijia 1867. This study statistically analyzed the yields of the two tomato varieties under different planting modes, and tested their soluble solid content (SSC), lycopene (LYC) content, vitamin C (VC) content, and sugar-acid ratio. Principal component analysis was applied to comprehensively evaluate the quality of tomatoes grown under different planting modes. 【Results】 There was a significant difference in tomato yields among different planting modes (P<0.01), with an average yield increase of 9.5% in Trough cultivation compared to Sand- substratebag cultivation. Variance analysis of planting modes on tomato quality indicators showed that VC content reached a very significant level (P<0.01), and had a significant impact on Lycopene (P<0.05). Compared to Trough cultivation mode, BC mode had higher VC content and sugar-acid ratio by 22.7% and 15.4% respectively. In contrast, Trough cultivation mode had higher Soluble solid content and Lycopene content by 2.5% and 20.3% respectively compared to BC mode. Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the four quality indicators of Soluble solid content, Lycopene, VC content, and sugar-acid ratio in the two tomato varieties under BC and Trough cultivation modes, the scoring order was TC Shijia 1867 > BC Shijia 1867 > BC Kardiya 800 > TC Kardiya 800. 【Conclusion】 The BC mode significantly improves the VC content and sugar-acid ratio of tomatoes, enhances their taste quality and shortens the planting cycle, making it a potential application in the northern Xinjiang region. The Trough cultivation mode was beneficial to increase tomato yield and Lycopene content, the average yield of 2 tomato varieties is 158.3 t/hm2, which has reached the higher yield level among the greenhouse tomato with stronger potential for promotion and application in desert and Gobi facility agriculture.

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Analysis of dynamic changes in endogenous hormones and carbon and nitrogen nutrition in different parts of leaves of Korla Fragrant Pear WANG Zhendong, YAN Pan, CHEN Qiling, DENG Yonghui 2025, 62(4): 911-916.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1030KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones and carbon and nitrogen nutrition in different parts of leaves of Korla Fragrant Pear tree in the hope of providing theoretical basis for pear tree shaping and pruning. 【Methods】 Korla fragrant pear with a tree shaped main stem was used as the research object and samples of different parts of Fragrant Pear leaves were collected at 2 weeks((2 weeks after pollination,2WAP), 6 WAP, 10 WAP, 14 WAP, 18 WAP, and 22 WAP after pollination. Then the changes in endogenous hormones GA3, IAA, ABA, ZR, total nitrogen, and total carbon in the leaves were measured and analyzed in different developmental stages. 【Results】 There was a certain pattern in the content and trend of endogenous hormones in the leaves of different parts of the Korla pear tree. From 2 WAP to 14 WAP after pollination, the contents of GA3 and IAA in different parts of the leaves of the Korla pear tree remained at high levels, while ZR and ABA showed a"low-high-low" trend; After 14 WAP, the content of GA3, ABA, and ZR in the leaves showed a decreasing trend, while the content of IAA showed a "high-low-high" trend. The variation trend of IAA/ABA and (IAA+ZR+GA3)/ABA ratios in different parts of Korla pear leaves in different developmental stages showed a "W" shape. The ratio continuously decreased to the lowest value from 2 WAP to 6 WAP, and slowly increased from the lowest value from 6 WAP to 10 WAP. The ratio from 10 WAP to 22 WAP first decreased and then increased. The IAA/ABA and (IAA+ZR+GA3)/ABA ratios were higher in the upper part than in the middle and lower part; During the growth period, the total carbon content of Korla pear leaves in different parts showed an overall trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while the total nitrogen content showed an overall trend of first decreasing and then slowly increasing. The C/N ratio showed an overall upward trend, and the total carbon and total nitrogen content of leaves in different parts showed a upper>middle>lower pattern. 【Conclusion】 There are certain patterns in the changes of endogenous hormones and carbon and nitrogen nutrition in different parts of leaves of Korla Fragrant Pear.

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Single tree height extraction based on different LiDAR density data of Tianshan spruce YAN Zhaojie, SU Xiangling, WANG Zhenxi, HU Tianqi, HAO Kangdi, HUO Yanxiao, LI kaixuan, MA Jialong 2025, 62(4): 917-928.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2884KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on LiDAR point data of Tianshan sprucewith different densities, canopy height model is used to extract individual tree height of spruce in Tianshan Mountains, and the extraction accuracy of individual tree height from LiDAR point data with different densities was compared and analyzed in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the extraction of individual tree height in Xinjiang mountain natural forests. 【Methods】 Based on the practice forest farm of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Tianshan spruce was selected as the research object. Combined with the measuring scale of each tree in the sample plot and the positioning of each tree in the sample plot by RTK, the digital surface model (DSM) and digital elevation model (DEM) were extracted by cloth analog filtering algorithm, and the canopy height model (CHM) was obtained by difference between the two. Finally,the single tree height of Tianshan spruce was obtained by the above model. 【Results】 The extracted Tianshan spruce density was 57.66 number/m2, the average accuracy was 93.28%, the extraction effect was 1.60 number/m2, the fit degree was only 0.754,6, the cloud density of single wood was 138.53 number/m2, the recognition rate was 98.7%, the cloud density was 1.6 number/m2, and the recognition rate was 70.8%. 【Conclusion】 DSM and DEM are extracted by cloth simulation filtering algorithm, and CHM has been calculated.If the point cloud density is about 2.76 number/m2, it can be effectively used as the single tree height extraction point cloud density with large investigation scope and limited cost, and the relevant technical requirements of forestry resource investigation are met.

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Effects of different combinations of drone flight defense agents and additives on their droplet deposition parameters and field spraying control of cotton aphids XUE Qinyuan, ZHANG Jianliang, LI Pengfei, FENG Hongzu, WU Gang, WANG Lan 2025, 62(4): 929-935.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (906KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to screen the optimal combination of pesticides and adjuvants for cotton aphid control in Xinjiang cotton field and its impact on the variable application by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). 【Methods】 Through the field efficacy experiment, the control effect of five spray auxiliaries added to different pesticides on Aphis gossypii was compared, and the physicochemical properties of 20% spirotetramat · dinotefuran suspension concentrate added with Beidatong and the control effect of UAV variable application on cotton aphids were measured. 【Results】 After adding 5 types of adjuvants, the control effect on Aphis gossypii was improved. Among them, 20% spirotetramat · dinotefuran suspension concentrate added with Beidatong had the strongest control effect, and the reduction rate of insect population reached 86% after 7 days of treatment, followed by the addition of 22% thiamethoxam·lambda-cyhalothrin suspension concentrate added with Beidatong, which was 81%. The difference between the two was not significant (P<0.05). According to the prescription map generated by the experimental site, the cotton field unmanned aerial vehicle variable spraying operation was carried out. The results showed that the combination of 20% spirotetramat · dinotefuran suspension concentrate added with Beidatong showed good control effects in four aphid infestation levels by UAV variable spraying. The optimal control effect was achieved when the level of harm was 4 and the dosage was 30 L/hm2. After 7 days of treatment, the insect population reduction rate reached 91.14%, and the drug coverage rate, droplet density distribution uniformity, and droplet density were 133%, 87%, and 26.28 number/cm2, respectively, with significant differences compared to other treatments (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The optimal combination of insecticides and adjuvants for the control of Aphis gossypii is 20% spirotetramat · dinotefuran suspension concentrate added with Beidatong by UAV. The variable operation with a hazard level of 4 has the best effect on the control of cotton aphids. The research results provide scientific basis for the precise application to control cotton aphids of variable pesticides by UAV variable spraying.

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Effects of grass growing on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area CHEN Jun, ZHANG Qi, YANG Mengyu, YUAN Zhenyang 2025, 62(4): 936-943.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1028KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of grass on soil physicochemicalproperties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area.The research results provide scientific reference for the popularization of natural grass growing technology in apple orchards in arid and desert areas. 【Methods】 With Fuji apple as the test material, one treatment of natural grass was set up, and the clean tillage was used as the control for 5 consecutive years. The soil environment of each layer under the two treatments was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. 【Results】 The results showed that grass had a greater effect on the physicochemicalproperties of shallow soil, but little effect on deep soil. Compared with clear tillage, the pH value, conductivity and water-soluble salt content of 0-20 cm soil layer were reduced by 0.11, 0.11 mS/cm and 0.36 g/kg respectively. Soil water content increased by 0.63 percentage points, soil bulk density decreased by 0.06 g/cm3, and total porosity increased by 2.41 percentage points. The contents of organic matter, available nitrogen and total nitrogen were increased by 0.17 g/kg, 0.39 mg/kg and 0.02 g/kg, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of principal components found that the soil environment of natural grass treatment was better than that of clean tillage treatment, and the soil of natural grass treatment was more loose, with higher nutrient content and lower salinization degree. The fruit weight and soluble solid content of apples under natural grass treatment were increased by 22.49 g and 0.71 percentage points, respectively, compared with clear tillage. 【Conclusion】 Natural grass growing for a certain period of time can improve the physicochemicalproperties of orchard soil and improve the fresh food quality of apple, and

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Process optimization of tomato and carrot mixed juice prepared by compound enzyme CAI Chenyang, GUO Limin, WU Bin 2025, 62(4): 944-953.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1630KB) ( )   【Objective】 Process optimization of tomato and carrot mixed juice prepared by compound enzyme,Optimum process conditions are obtained.Which can provide theoretical basis for the production process of mixed juice. 【Methods】 With tomato and carrot as raw materials, compound enzyme (cellulase and pectinase) is used to prepare fruit juice, The effects of 4 single factors: enzyme ratio, enzyme addition, enzymolysis time and enzymolysis temperature on the quality of mixed juice were explored. On this basis, Design-Expert was used to optimize the response surface of 4 factors and 3 levels, and a multiple regression model was established and analyzed by analysis of variance. 【Results】 When the compound enzyme was 1∶2, the enzyme addition amount was 24.5 g/L, the enzymolysis temperature was 45℃, and the enzymolysis time was 63.00 min, the juice yield and light transmittance of the mixed juice were 84.86% and 95.11%, respectively. In addition, the total phenol content of enzymatically hydrolyzed juice was higher than that of non-enzymatically hydrolyzed juice.(125.41 μg GAE/mL). 【Conclusion】 The compound enzyme method can significantly improve the juice yield, light transmittance and total phenol content of tomato and carrot mixed juice.

Plant Protection · Prataculture

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Effects of different factors on the efficacy of Thaxtomin A against Convolvulus arvensis L. and Abutilon theophrasti Medicus GUO Rui, CHEN Yong, WANG Xuejing, LI Kemei, SONG Suqin 2025, 62(4): 954-961.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1320KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims toclarify the action characteristics of the new biological herbicide Thaxtomin A (TA) in Convolvulus arvensis L. and Abutilon theophrasti Medicus.Finding from which provides a research basis for the practical application of TA. 【Methods】 The effects of different environmental factors (temperature, humidity and rainfall after application) and soil factors (soil organic matter content and soil pH) on the herbicidal activity of TA against Convolvulus arvensis L. and Abutilon theophrasti Medicus were studied by indoor bioassay method. 【Results】 The results showed that at 35℃ / 30℃, 50% humidity, soil pH = 9 and high organic matter content, TA had the best control effect on Convolvulus arvensis. However, 0.5 h rainfall after application would significantly reduce the control effect and should be sprayed again. At 30℃/ 25℃, 70% humidity, soil pH = 8.0, and low soil organic matter content, TA had the best control effect on Abutilon theophrasti. Rainfall within 1 h after application would reduce its control effect, and appropriate amount of pesticide should be applied. 【Conclusion】 Different climatic factors and soil factors have significant effects on the efficacy of TA, At the same time, for different weeds, the changes of environmental factors have different effects on the efficacy of TA. Different temperatures,humidity,duration of light exposure,rainfall after pesticide application,soil organic matter and soil pH value has a certain impact on the herbicidal activity of TA.

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Research and predictionanalyses of topsoil overburden depth and distribution SONG Yuying, ZHENG Xuan, HU Heyan, LIU Jinbao, YANG Huaijun, LI Fan 2025, 62(4): 962-974.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2366KB) ( )   【Objective】 It is important to study the main factors affecting the depth of overtopping on the surface of the plough body, so this project aims to establish a prediction model for overtopping, in order to improve the quality of ploughing and to provide a theoretical basis for the design of the surface of the plough body. 【Methods】 The orthogonal experimental design method was used to analyse the effects of structural parameters such as plough body push angle, trace lateral displacement, soil turning angle and soil turning curve on the distribution of top soil after ploughing and tilling based on discrete element simulation. A prediction model of top soil distribution after ploughing was established and validated using nonlinear regression analysis. 【Results】 The effect of the slope of the change in tangent inclination of the top of the tillage curve at the plough breast on the distribution of topsoil after ploughing was significant (P<0.05) in both cases, and the effect of the amount of trajectory lateral shift on the content of topsoil within the 100-200 mm soil layer above and below the surface was significant (P<0.05), and the effect of the slope of the change in tangent inclination of the top of the tillage curve at the plough breast on the content of topsoil within the subsoil layer below the surface was greater than the amount of trajectory lateral shift. 【Conclusion】 With the increase of the slope of the tangent inclination of the top of the tilling curve in the plough breast change, the topsoil content within the soil layer above the surface gradually increases; with the increase of the lateral shift of the trace, the topsoil content within the soil layer above the surface shows a tendency of decreasing first and then increasing. The prediction model of topsoil distribution after ploughing can predict the topsoil content in each soil layer after ploughing under different structural parameters of the plough body surface, and the average error between the predicted and simulated values is less than 6%.

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Study on the moisture content detection method of fresh milk based on dielectric property WANG Huan, ZHANG Yiteng, WANG Bin, ZHOU Tong, LIANG Qing, ZHANG Hong 2025, 62(4): 975-981.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1076KB) ( )   【Objective】 Explore the relationship between milk dielectric characteristics and moisture content,In order to scientifically and effectively predict the moisture content of raw milk, realize rapid detection of moisture content. 【Methods】 The dielectric constant (ε') and dielectric loss factor (ε″) of milk samples between 2 and 20 GHz were measured using vector network analyzer and coaxial probe. PLSR, SVR and PSO-LSVR were used to use ε'or ε″ as variables to predict the milk from 86.9% to 92.9% and select the best, so as to achieve the accurate prediction of milk moisture content. 【Results】 The results showed that as the frequency increased, ε' gradually decreased, while ε'' gradually increased. Among the six models, ε″ based on the PSO-LSSVR method had the best water content prediction performance, with R2 and RMSE of 0.996,3 and 0.001,3, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The results can provide methodological guidance for predicting other nutritional indicators of milk and a reference for studying the quality of other natural emulsions.

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Characteristics and influencing factors of soil microbial community diversity in middle reaches of Tarim River MA Jilong, Aliya Baidurela, WANG Xinying, LIU Maoxiu, Aijier Abula 2025, 62(4): 982-992.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1920KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the characteristics of soil microbial communities under different habitats in Tarim River Basin, and explore the effects of soil environmental factors on soil microbial diversity, so as to provide a scientific basis for studying the important role of microorganisms in the growth and development of Populus euphratica riparia forest. 【Methods】 The soil of Populus euphratica forest in different habitats in the middle reaches of the Tarim River were taken as the research object, the soil microbial community structure and soil physical and chemical properties in 0-100 cm soil layer under three different habitats (arid, mesophilic and periodic flooding) were analyzed. The canonical correspondence analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to explore the characteristics of soil microbial community structure and its relationship with soil environment in three different habitats. 【Results】 (1) The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in mesophilic habitat were significantly higher than those in other habitats (P<0.05); the soil total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and total salt in desert habitat were significantly higher than those in other habitats (P<0.05). (2) There were significant differences in the abundance and diversity of microbial communities in three different habitats. The abundance and diversity of bacteria were the highest in periodic flooding habitat, while the abundance and diversity of fungi were the highest in desert habitat. (3) At the class level of microbial community composition, the dominant bacterial community was γ-Proteobacteria in mesophilic and periodic flooding habitats (relative abundance was 0.20 and 0.29, respectively), while it was Bacillus in desert habitat (relative abundance was 0.31). The dominant fungal community in the periodic flooding habitat was the class Ascomycetes (relative abundance was 0.22), the mesophytic habitat was the class Dictyostelium (relative abundance was 0.30), and the desert habitat was the class Tremella (relative abundance was 0.30). (4) The composition of fungi and bacteria communities in the mesophytic and desert habitats was similar, but the periodic flooding habitat was significantly different from them. (5) The composition of soil microbial communities in the three habitats of P. euphratica riparia was mainly affected by soil total salt, soil water content, available potassium, and nitrate nitrogen. 【Conclusion】 The soil nutrient conditions of P. euphratica riparia in the mesophytic habitat in the middle reaches of the Tahe River are the optimal. The periodic flooding habitat has a richer bacterial microbial community, while the desert habitat has a richer fungal microbial community. The soil environment has a significant effect on the composition of microbial communities.

Animal Husbandry Veterination · Agricultural Eeconomy

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Whole genome resequencing screening of candidate genes for lactation yield in Kazakh horses MENG Chen, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jianwen, YAO Xinkui, LUO Penghui, XIE Xiaoyu, LI Pengcheng, LIU Xiaoxiao, WANG Chuankun, MENG Jun 2025, 62(4): 993-1001.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1220KB) ( )   【Objective】 To perform whole genome resequencing of jugular vein blood of Kazakh horses to identify candidate genes regulating differences in lactation in Kazakh horses and to provide data support for the selection of Kazakh horses for dairy performance. 【Methods】 According to the lactation volume data of 30-105 d of test horses, 12 healthy Kazakh horses with similar age, parity and consistent feeding background, that was, 6 in the high lactation group (HW) and 6 in the low lactation group were selected. Altogether, a total of 288 blood samples were collected during the whole monitoring cycle, and 48 blood samples were selected for whole genome resequencing, 6 blood samples of lactation greater than 2. 26 kg in the HW group and 6 blood samples of lactation less than 1.05 kg in the LW group were selected for whole genome resequencing, and a total of 288 blood samples were obtained. A total of 88 blood samples were collected during the whole monitoring period, and 48 blood samples were collected at the actual peak lactation date. 6 blood samples from the HW group with lactation greater than 2.26 kg and 6 blood samples from the LW group with lactation less than 1.05 kg were selected for whole-genome resequencing, which yielded a total of 20,234,241 mutated sites; 980,491,918 valid sites were obtained after removing the sequences with junctions and low-quality sequences. The loci in the first 0.000,01 of Top were selected, and the threshold value was determined to be 0.000,147,8, with a total of 88 mutation loci located in 40 candidate genes. The candidate genes were analysed for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment, and the significantly enriched pathways were condensed and classified to locate the biological processes affecting high and low lactation in Kazakh horses; the pathway enrichment chordal maps were drawn to further identify the genes related to lactation in Kazakh horses. 【Results】 GO and KEGG enrichment analyses found the largest number in cell development, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion-related and CNS and endocrine system developmental enrichment pathways, and the pathways of cell adhesion molecule binding, morphogenesis of differentiated cells, morphogenesis of cellular components, cellular development, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, Axon guidance, and ECM receptor interactions affecting lactation. 【Conclusion】 It is determined that KIT, EPHA4, PDGFRA, MYH3, ITGA1, and COL4A1 may be candidate genes affecting lactation in Kazakh horses.

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Comparative analysis of milk components and plasma metabolomes between colostrum and regular milk periods in Ili horses GAO Feng, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, ZENG Mingmin, XUE Yuheng, SHANG Tingting, YUAN Xinxin, REN Wanlu, YAO Xinkui 2025, 62(4): 1002-1013.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1418KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to investigate the differences in milk composition between the two periods and the potential regulatory mechanisms by analysing the milk composition and plasma metabolome of Ili horses during colostrum and regular milk. 【Methods】 Milk and blood samples were collected from eight Yilihorses on day 0 and day 30 of parturition, respectively, and milk routine analyses of milk from the two periods were carried out by a milk composition analyser, and comparative analyses of plasma metabolites were performed by non-targeted metabolomics. 【Results】 The results revealed that milk fat, milk protein, solids and non-solids were significantly higherin colostrum than in regular milk (P<0.05), and lactose was significantly lower in colostrum than in regular milk (P<0.05). Plasma metabolites were analyzed and a total of 363 differential metabolites were screened according to conditions. 【Conclusion】 Pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites significantly enriched a total of 5 functional pathways. The presence of many metabolites in plasma during colostrum period was associated with the promotion of fatty acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in the mammary gland, such as palmitic acid, D-threitol, biotin, and pantothenic acid.

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Effects of conditioning training on sweat morphology and blood indexes of Ili horses XUE Yuheng, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jianwen, DENG Haifeng, ZENG Mingmin, SHANG Tingting, GAO Feng, SHEN Zhehong, YAO Xinkui 2025, 62(4): 1014-1021.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1077KB) ( )   【Objective】 By analyzing the change of sweat form during training and sweat index after 2,000 m test of 6 young Yili horse stallion undergoing conditioning training, the influence of conditioning training on the sweat form and sweat index of Yili horse was explored, and the experience of folk horse domestication was theorized. It provides theoretical basis and data support for the establishment of scientific training system and the monitoring of athletic performance of Yili horses. 【Methods】 Six two-year-old Yili horse stallions with consistent management and untrained training were selected from Zhaosu Stud Farm in Yili, Xinjiang. The training was conducted and sweat morphological changes were observed. Test races were organized on the second day after the appearance of mud sweat (MS), foam sweat (FS) and water sweat (CS), and sweat samples were collected immediately after the race. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were monitored and the results were analyzed. Lactic acid (LA), sodium ion (Na+), potassium ion (K+), magnesium ion (Mg2+) and other 14 sweat indexes were detected in the sweat samples. 【Results】 After the 10-week conditioning training of 2-year-old Yili horses, the changes of sweat morphology and 2000 m test race results were obvious, and the change trend of sweat LA in the three sweat morphology stages was obvious. Immediately after the race, the content of LA in sweat decreased with the change of sweat morphology, and the content of LA in sweat in CS stage was significantly lower than that in MS stage (P <0.05). The content of Na+ in sweat after CS stage was significantly lower than that in MS stage (P <0.05). The content of K+ in sweat after training was significantly higher in CS stage than in MS stage (P <0.05). The content of Ca2+ in sweat after CS stage was significantly higher than that during MS stage (P <0.05). Cl- content reached the highest value after MS stage, and the difference was significant between MS stage and CS stage (P <0.05). The levels of Mg2+ and Cu2+ in sweat of Yili horses decreased with the change of sweat morphology after the test, and Mg2+ and Cu2+ were significantly lower in CS stage than in MS stage. 【Conclusion】 With the progress of conditioning training program, the sweat morphology and sweat index of Yili horses changed, and different sweat morphology revealed the different training degree and movement performance of individuals, among which the detected sweat LA and ion indexes may be the indicators to evaluate the training level and training stage of Yili horses during training.

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Molecular characteristics and drug resistance analysis of Staphylococcus aureus in a goose slaughterhouse in Xinjiang MA Lan, LIU Yingyu, Zulihumaer Aili, ZHENG Baili, DOU Tao, CAI Yuxuan, CHENG Yaling 2025, 62(4): 1022-1031.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (911KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in a geese slaughterhouse located in southern Xinjiang by analyzing the virulence genes, antibiotic resistance, and typing of the isolated strains. The investigation results of pollution in different links are helpful to analyze the key control points of pollution in slaughtering and processing links, and can effectively prevent and control the outbreak of foodborne diseases. 【Methods】 A total of 153 samples (including swabs and meat samples taken from knives, workers' hands, production equipment, goose carcasses) were collected in the goose slaughterhouse. The isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus were achieved by combining traditional culture methods with PCR technology. Simultaneously, 12 enterotoxin genes were identified, along with the detection of staphylococcal protein A. The resistance of 12 types of antibiotics was investigated using the AGAR dilution method. 【Results】 From this goose abattoir, a total of 49 strains of S. aureus were isolated and identified, resulting in an isolation rate of 32.0%. The highest isolation rate of 40.0% (22/55) was found in goose carcasses, followed by 36.0% (9/25) in worker's hands, 34.3% (12/35) in production utensils, 20.0% (2/10) in knives, and 14.3% (4/28) in goose meat. All isolates consisted of seven clonotypes (t078, t034, t502, t701, t1376, t002, and t091) and three unidentified subtypes. Seven enterotoxin genes were identified, with seb (26.5%), seg (46.9%), sei (32.7%), sem (24.5%), and seu (28.6%) genes being commonly discovered. The drug sensitivity results revealed that 49 strains of S. aureus exhibited multi-drug resistance, with resistance rates to ampicillin, azithromycin, sulfisoxazole, and ciprofloxacin ranging from 73.50% to 49.0%. The multi-drug resistance was mainly triple and quadruple resistance, and the highest was seven-fold resistance. 【Conclusion】 Staphylococcus aureus is seriously contaminated in goose slaughterhouses, and cross-contamination occurs in different processing links. The contamination rate of goose carcasses is the highest, which accounts for 40.0%. The isolates are mainly classified as t078, t034 and t502. Staphylococcus aureus isolates carries a variety of enterotoxins, and 63.3% of isolates show multiple drug resistance.

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Analysis of the high Quality development level and differences of cotton in major cotton regions of Xinjiang BAO Yanli, WANG Xiaowei, LI Qiongshi, ZHANG Lizhao, CHEN Yulan 2025, 62(4): 1032-1040.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1138KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the shortcomings and regional differences of high-quality development of cotton industry by measuring the high-quality development level of cotton in the major cotton-producing areas of Xinjiang(Southern Xinjiang Cotton Region,Northern Xinjiang Cotton Region and Eastern Xinjiang Cotton Region), and put forward policy recommendations for high-quality cotton industry development in this region. 【Methods】 This paper constructed an index system from five dimensions: industrial development, green production, product quality, production efficiency and technological support, and Entropy method and Theil index were used to analyze the high-quality development of cotton industry in Xinjiang from 2014 to 2021. 【Results】 The score of the northern Xinjiang cotton region decreased from 46.70 points to 35.05 points from 2014 to 2021, the cotton area in southern Xinjiang increased from 31.32 points to 35.97 points,the score of the eastern Xinjiang cotton area increased from 21.98 points to 28.98 points;The regional difference index for high-quality cotton development in Xinjiang decreased from 0.1791 to 0.059,5; The intra-regional difference index decreased from 0.052,4 to 0.024,9;The inter-regional difference index decreased from 0.126,7 to 0.034,6. 【Conclusion】 The high-quality development level of the cotton area in northern Xinjiang is higher than that in southern and eastern Xinjiang, but the high-quality development level of the cotton area in northern Xinjiang showed a downward trend. The high-quality development level of the cotton area in southern and eastern Xinjiang are on the rise, that is, in the various prefectures (cities) level of development are not balanced; The regional difference of high-quality cotton development in Xinjiang gradually converges.