Diversity and spatial distribution of ladybird in Western Tianshan wild fruit forest in Ili River Valley

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.024

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study conducted a survey on ladybug community diversity in different habitats of the western Tianshan Mountains wild fruit forests in the Ili River Valley,Xinjiang.The aim was to provide fundamental data for biodiversity conservation in the western Tianshan Mountains wild fruit forests. 【Methods】 From May to August 2022-2023, a systematic survey was conducted in six counties and cities in the Ili River Valley (Huocheng County, Yining City, Yining County, Gongliu County, Xinyuan County, and Nilka County) across five habitats (mountain grassland, desert grassland, wetland, orchard, and woodland), totaling 90 sampling points. 【Results】 A combined method of sweep netting and hand collection was employed, yielding a total of 2,014 ladybugs belonging to 13 genera and 23 species.Results indicated significant variations in ladybug population and species composition among different regions, Hippodamia variegata is the dominant species,with Gongliu County and Huocheng County having the highest ladybug populations, while Nilka County had the lowest.Ladybug Margalef richness index ranked from high to low as wetland > mountain grassland > desert grassland > orchard > woodland, with wetland having the highest index (2.891) and woodland the lowest (1.473).Diversity index H' ranked from high to low as mountain grassland > wetland > desert grassland > orchard > woodland.Evenness index E ranked from high to low as desert grassland > woodland > orchard > mountain grassland > wetland.Additionally, there were differences in insect community similarity among different habitats.The similarity coefficient between desert grassland and orchard was the highest at 0.76, indicating moderate similarity.However, woodland's similarity with mountain grassland and wetland was below 0.5, indicating dissimilarity or extreme dissimilarity. 【Conclusion】 Insect species richness was higher in habitats like wetland and mountain grassland, serving as significant reservoirs for insect species.The corresponding insect community diversity index H was also higher, highlighting the habitat's crucial impact on ladybug diversity.

Key words: predatory; ladybug; diversity index; similarity; natural enemy insect protection

摘要：

【目的】 调查分析新疆伊犁河谷西天山野果林不同生境中瓢虫群落多样性,为西天山野果林的生物多样性保护提供基础数据。【方法】 在2022~2023年的5~8月,系统调查伊犁河谷6个县市(霍城县、伊宁市、伊宁县、巩留县、新源县和尼勒克县)5种生境(包括山地草原、荒漠草原、湿地、果园、林地)共90个样点。【结果】 共采集2 014头瓢虫,隶属于13属23种。不同地区之间的瓢虫种群数量和物种组成差异显著:巩留县和霍城县瓢虫种群数量最多,而尼勒克县的瓢虫种群数量最少,多异瓢虫为优势种。不同生境间湿地的Margalef丰富度指数最高(2.891),而林地的最低(1.473)。多样性指数H'从高到低依次为山地草原>湿地>荒漠草原>果园>林地。均匀度指数E从高到低为荒漠草原>林地>果园 >山地草原>湿地。其次,不同生境之间的昆虫种群相似性存在差异,其中荒漠草原和果园的相似度系数最高为0.76(中等相似);而林地与山地草原以及湿地的相似度指数均低于0.5(不相似或者极不相似)。【结论】 湿地和山地草原等生境中的昆虫物种丰富度较高,是主要的昆虫物种储存库,其对应的昆虫群落多样性指数H'也较高,生境对瓢虫多样性具有重要影响。

关键词: 捕食性, 瓢虫, 多样性指数, 相似性, 天敌昆虫保护

CLC Number:

S436

YAO Xiaoyu, HU Hongying, KANG Ning, XIONG Shihao. Diversity and spatial distribution of ladybird in Western Tianshan wild fruit forest in Ili River Valley[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 210-216.

姚晓宇, 胡红英, 康宁, 熊仕豪. 伊犁河谷西天山野果林瓢虫多样性及空间分布特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 210-216.

Figures/Tables 7

References 31

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采集地 Collection places	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Elevation	植被类型 Vegetation form	其他昆虫 Other insects
霍城县 Huocheng County	E:80.783 518 N:44.431 327	1 077.47	野杏、樱桃李、野山楂、小檗、杂草	四点斑芫菁Mylabris quadripunctata、黄缘青步甲Chlaenius spoliatus、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、
伊宁市 Yining City	E:81.193 728 N:43.920 885	533.93	柽柳、柳树、沙枣树、杨树	薄翅螳螂Mantis religiosa、华丽色蟌Calopteryx splendens Harr、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini
伊宁县 Yining County	E:81.896 843 N:43.791 831	799.01	白蜡树、柳树、果树、小檗,苜蓿地	多形虎甲Cicindela hybrida、白尾灰蜻Orthetrum albistylum、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri
巩留县 Gongliu County	E:82.272 551 N:43.350 858	1 190.52	核桃树、杏树、杨树、榆树、梧桐树、玉米地	德国黄胡蜂Vespula germanica、点蜾蠃Eumenes pomiformis、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri、
新源县 Xinyuan County	E:83.606 312 N:43.379 005	1 349.45	苹果树、杏树、雪岭云杉、小檗、山楂、沙枣、沙棘	黑突节腹泥蜂Cerceris rubida、白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis、苹小吉丁Agrilus mali、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri
尼勒克县 Nilka County	E:83.710 332 N:43.669 625	1 864.87	苹果树、杏树、樱桃李、小檗、忍冬	短翅细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria scripta、赤带绿芫菁L.sifanica、光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini、

采集地 Collection places	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Elevation	植被类型 Vegetation form	其他昆虫 Other insects
霍城县 Huocheng County	E:80.783 518 N:44.431 327	1 077.47	野杏、樱桃李、野山楂、小檗、杂草	四点斑芫菁Mylabris quadripunctata、黄缘青步甲Chlaenius spoliatus、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、
伊宁市 Yining City	E:81.193 728 N:43.920 885	533.93	柽柳、柳树、沙枣树、杨树	薄翅螳螂Mantis religiosa、华丽色蟌Calopteryx splendens Harr、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini
伊宁县 Yining County	E:81.896 843 N:43.791 831	799.01	白蜡树、柳树、果树、小檗,苜蓿地	多形虎甲Cicindela hybrida、白尾灰蜻Orthetrum albistylum、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri
巩留县 Gongliu County	E:82.272 551 N:43.350 858	1 190.52	核桃树、杏树、杨树、榆树、梧桐树、玉米地	德国黄胡蜂Vespula germanica、点蜾蠃Eumenes pomiformis、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri、
新源县 Xinyuan County	E:83.606 312 N:43.379 005	1 349.45	苹果树、杏树、雪岭云杉、小檗、山楂、沙枣、沙棘	黑突节腹泥蜂Cerceris rubida、白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis、苹小吉丁Agrilus mali、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri
尼勒克县 Nilka County	E:83.710 332 N:43.669 625	1 864.87	苹果树、杏树、樱桃李、小檗、忍冬	短翅细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria scripta、赤带绿芫菁L.sifanica、光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini、

样地名称 Sample name	物种数 Number of Species (S)	个体数 Individual numbers (N)	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	丰富度指数 Richness index (E)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	优势度指数 Concentration index (D)
霍城县 Huocheng County	17	472	2.143	2.599	0.756	0.261
伊宁市 Yining City	10	210	2.078	1.683	0.902	0.195
伊宁县 Yining County	10	202	2.024	1.695	0.879	0.223
巩留县 Gongliu County	16	650	2.162	2.316	0.780	0.189
新源县 Xinyuan County	14	333	2.281	2.238	0.865	0.165
尼勒克县 Nilka County	9	47	1.933	1.603	0.880	0.252

样地名称 Sample name	物种数 Number of Species (S)	个体数 Individual numbers (N)	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	丰富度指数 Richness index (E)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	优势度指数 Concentration index (D)
霍城县 Huocheng County	17	472	2.143	2.599	0.756	0.261
伊宁市 Yining City	10	210	2.078	1.683	0.902	0.195
伊宁县 Yining County	10	202	2.024	1.695	0.879	0.223
巩留县 Gongliu County	16	650	2.162	2.316	0.780	0.189
新源县 Xinyuan County	14	333	2.281	2.238	0.865	0.165
尼勒克县 Nilka County	9	47	1.933	1.603	0.880	0.252

生境类型 Habitat name	采集种数 Number of species insects	采集总数 Number of insects (N)	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	丰富度指数 Richness index (R)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (E)	优势度指数 Concentration index (D)
山地草原 Mountain grassland	17	787	2.222	2.399	0.784	0.184
荒漠草原 Desert grassland	12	256	2.198	1.984	0.884	0.219
湿地 Wetland	19	506	2.215	2.891	0.752	0.243
果园 Garden	11	349	1.965	1.708	0.819	0.275
林地 Forest	8	116	1.734	1.473	0.834	0.310