Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to provide scientific theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of rapeseed in Taer Basin and promotes the breeding of high quality spring rapeseed varieties in the area. 【Methods】 The comprehensive evaluation of rapeseed varieties was studied by prioritization, principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 11 main traits by taking 15 rapeseed varieties as the test material. 【Results】 There were significant differences in the trait indexes of different rapeseed cultivars, the coefficient of variation was between 7.43%-29.21%, the greater the coefficient of variation, the greater the difference, and it had a certain degree of breadth and representativeness. The correlation coefficients of rapeseed variety 11 traits on yield were 0.44^*, 0.36^*, 0.34^*, 0.24, 0.18 and 0.16, respectively, indicating that more attention should be paid to increasing the yield of the whole single plant, the number of horn fruits of the whole plant and the number of primary branches, and reducing the height of branches. Principal component analysis showed that the principal component characteristic values of the top 4 exceeded 1, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 78.472%. The varieties were ranked and classified by comprehensive scoring values combined with cluster analysis: the weighted sum of variance contribution rates corresponding to the four principal components was synthesized: F=0.448,3F₁+0.267,1F₂+1,568F₃+1,279F₄. The variety with the No. 1 comprehensive score was YC₆ (Xinyou No. 17), with a score of 306.63 points, indicating that its 11 personality traits index had the best comprehensive performance, indicating that among the 15 varieties tested, YC₆ (Xinyou No. 17) had the strongest ability to adapt to the Taer Basin; when the European distance was 5, the 15 varieties could be clustered into 4 major groups; the first group included 4 varieties such as YC₂ and YC₃, with the lowest average yield of 3,433.15 kg/hm², belonging to the low-yield group; The second group included five varieties, including YC₅ and YC₆, with the highest average yield, 3,669.22 kg/hm², belonging to the medium and high-yield group; The third group included five varieties, such as YC₁₂ and YC₁₃, with low yields, with an average of 3,522.60 kg/hm², belonging to the low- and medium-yield group. YC₁₅was the fourth category, with a higher yield, 3,891.90 kg/hm², (which was a high-yielding variety). 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive principal component analysis and cluster analysis, more attention should be paid to increasing the yield of the whole single plant, the number of horn fruits and the number of primary branches, reducing the branch height, and comprehensively considering the good number of primary branches, stem thickness and main order angle fruits. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation value of principal components and cluster analysis, the trait indicators of group 2 and group 4 are above the middle level, among which YC₆ (Xinyou No. 17), YC₈ (CFZqt221060) and YC₁₅(CFZqt221067) perform the best, which are high-yield rapeseed varieties suitable for cultivation in the Taer Basin.

Key words: rape; correlation analysis; principal component analysis; cluster analysis

摘要：

【目的】 选育塔额盆地优质春油菜新品种,为塔额盆地油菜选择育种提供科学的理论依据。【方法】 以15份油菜品种(系)为参试材料,利用主成分分析、聚类分析对参试品种(系)进行综合评价。【结果】 参试品种生育期在93~100 d,油菜品种(系)11个性状对产量的有较大正相关的有单株产量、全株角果数、一级分枝数、二级分枝数、千粒重和角果粒数相关系数分别为0.44^*、0.36^*、0.34^*、0.24、0.18和0.16,在育种中应该更加关注提高全单株产量、全株角果数和一级分枝数,降低分枝高度;前4成分累计贡献率达到78.472%;对应的方差贡献率加权求和:F=0.448 3F₁+0.267 1F₂+156 8F₃+127 9F₄。排名第1的品种为YC₆(新油17号),其得分为306.63分,其表征11个性状指标综合表现最佳,在15个参试品种中YC₆(新油17号)适应塔额盆地的能力相对最强;可将15个参试品种聚分为4大类群;第1类群包括YC₂、YC₃等4个品种,平均产量最低,为3 433.15 kg/hm²,属于低产群体;第2类群包括YC₅、YC₆等5个品种,平均产量最高,为3 669.22 kg/hm²,属于中高产群体;第3类群包括YC₁₂和YC₁₃等5个品种,产量较低,平均为3 522.60 kg/hm²,属于中低产群体;YC₁₅为第4类,产量最高,为3 891.90 kg/hm²(高产品种)。【结论】 在春油菜育种中更加关注提高全单株产量、全株角果数和一级分枝数,降低分枝高度,同时综合考虑一级分枝数佳、茎粗和主序角果数。第2类群和第4类群各性状指标处于中等偏上,其中又以YC₆(新油17号)、YC₈(CFZqt221060)和YC₁₅(CFZqt221067)表现最佳,是塔额盆地栽培的高产油菜品种。

关键词: 油菜, 相关性分析, 主成分分析, 聚类分析