Phenotype analysis and comprehensive evaluation of spring soybean germplasm resources from northeast China

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.007

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (12): 2921-2933.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.007

• Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics. Cultivation Physiology · Physiology and Biochemistry Microbes • Previous Articles Next Articles

Phenotype analysis and comprehensive evaluation of spring soybean germplasm resources from northeast China

YANG Xiangbo¹(), CHEN Liangyu², YANG Songnan², CHEN Xifeng², XING Weiming³, LI Xueying², CONG Weixuan², ZANG Zhenyuan², ZANG Yuanbo⁴, ZHANG Jun²()

1. College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin Jilin 132101, China
2. College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
3. Agricultural and Technology Extension Station of Jilin Province, Changchun 130033, China
4. Comprehensive Office of Yongping Township Government in Jilin Province, Fuyu Jilin 131200, China

Received:2024-03-30 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2025-01-16
Correspondence author: ZHANG Jun
Supported by:
Jilin Science and Technology Development Program Project "Breeding of High-yielding and High-quality New Cultivar of Soybean and Application of Gene Editing Technology to Germplasm Creation"(20240303009NC)

东北春大豆种质资源表型分析及综合性评价

杨祥波¹(), 陈亮宇², 杨松楠², 陈喜凤², 邢伟明³, 李雪莹², 丛炜轩², 臧振原², 臧远波⁴, 张君²()

1.吉林农业科技学院农学院,吉林 132101
2.吉林农业大学农学院,长春 130118
3.吉林省农业技术推广总站,长春 130033
4.吉林省松原市扶余市永平乡政府综合办公室,吉林扶余 131200

通讯作者: 张君
作者简介:杨祥波(1980-),男,吉林人,副教授,博士,研究方向为作物遗传育种,(E-mail)yangxiangbo1980@163.com
基金资助:
吉林省科技发展计划项目“大豆高产、优质新品种选育及基因编辑技术应用于种质创制研究”(20240303009NC)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To enhance the utilization efficiency of spring soybean germplasm resources in northeast China and identify high-quality materials.【Methods】 A total of 209 cultivars and landraces underwent a series of statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, segmented linear regression analysis, and a comprehensive evaluation of 12 traits over a three-year period.【Results】 The range of phenotypic coefficients of variation and diversity indices indicated that branch node number, stem thickness, and one hundred seed weight showed a relatively stable pattern.In contrast, nine traits, including number of branches, percentage of damaged seeds weight by insect of total seed weight per plant, and pod number per plant, exhibited a high degree of variability.Principal component analysis revealed that all traits could be condensed into yield, insect resistance, one hundred seed weight, and plant architecture factors.The yield factor was positively correlated with plant architecture factor and negatively correlated with one hundred seed weight, percentage of damaged seeds by insect of total seed number per plant, and percentage of damaged seeds weight by insect of total seed weight per plant.Germplasm resources could be classified into four categories.Class I was characterized by moderate plant architecture and high pod number.Class II was distinguished by short plants and low yield per plant.Class III was defined by ideal plant architecture and the highest yield.Class IV was similar to Group I but exhibited poor insect resistance.The results of piecewise linear regression analysis indicated that the optimal high-yielding soybean characteristics exhibited a plant height of approximately 102.03 cm, 19.93 nodes, 3.5 branches, 11.39 mm stem thickness, 99.73 pods, and 286.09 seeds, with minimal feeding by soybean pod borer.The DTOPSIS (dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) method calculated D scores of the germplasm ranging from 0.59 to -0.25, with a mean of 0.16.【Conclusion】 The phenotypic diversity of spring soybeans in northeast China is considerable, with Class I and Class III representing promising sources for plant architecture improvement and high-yield breeding, respectively.High-yielding soybeans are distinguished by their moderate plant architecture, high seed number, and insect resistance.The three resources Soy194, Soy052, and Soy196, which have achieved excellent D scores, are exemplary germplasm for soybean breeding.

Key words: soybean; agronomic traits; cluster analysis; piecewise liner regression; comprehensive evaluation

摘要：

【目的】 分析东北春大豆种质资源的表型特征并筛选优质材料。【方法】 选用209份材料,种植3年,对12个大豆性状进行描述性统计、聚类分析、分段线性回归分析和综合评价等。【结果】 表型变异系数及多样性指数范围指出节数、茎粗和百粒重变化幅度较为稳定,分枝数、虫食重比和单株荚数等9个性状变异丰富;所有性状可被主成分分析浓缩为产量、抗虫、百粒重及株型因子,其中产量因子与株型正相关,与百粒重、虫食粒数和虫食重比负相关;种质资源可划分为4个类群,I类群株型适中且荚数多,II类群植株矮小且单株产量低,III类群株型理想、产量最高,IV类群与I类群相似但抗虫性差;分段线性回归得出理想高产大豆范围在株高102.03 cm、19.93个节数、3.5个分枝、茎粗11.39 mm、豆荚99.73个和粒数286.09个左右,且尽可能不受大豆食心虫的取食;在DTOPSIS(dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)法下,种质资源的综合得分在0.59~0.25,平均得分为0.16。【结论】 东北春大豆资源表型多样性丰富,I类群、III类群可分别用于株型改良和高产育种。株型适中、粒数较多且抗虫是高产大豆的主要特征。Soy194、Soy052和Soy196可作为优异种质运用于大豆育种中。

关键词: 大豆, 农艺性状, 聚类分析, 分段线性回归, 综合评价

CLC Number:

S565.1

YANG Xiangbo, CHEN Liangyu, YANG Songnan, CHEN Xifeng, XING Weiming, LI Xueying, CONG Weixuan, ZANG Zhenyuan, ZANG Yuanbo, ZHANG Jun. Phenotype analysis and comprehensive evaluation of spring soybean germplasm resources from northeast China[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 2921-2933.

杨祥波, 陈亮宇, 杨松楠, 陈喜凤, 邢伟明, 李雪莹, 丛炜轩, 臧振原, 臧远波, 张君. 东北春大豆种质资源表型分析及综合性评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 2921-2933.

Figures/Tables 9

References 28

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性状 Traits	平均值 Average	标准差 SD	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数 CV(%)	多样性指数 H'	基因型 Genotype	年份 Years	基因型与年份互作 G × Y
株高PH	84.61	19.96	35.64	160.82	23.59	1.98	^**	^**	^**
节数BNN	16.55	2.27	11.11	23.22	13.74	2.04	^**	^**	^**
分枝数BN	2.53	1.69	0.22	7.57	66.65	1.92	^**	^**	^**
茎粗ST	9.79	1.32	6.58	15.16	13.48	2.05	^**	^**	^**
单株荚数PNP	71.08	21.05	35.78	132.29	29.62	1.94	^**	^**	^**
单株粒数SNP	146.59	43.37	68	319.17	29.59	1.95	^**	^**	^**
单数粒重SWP	24.13	6.8	12.19	50.82	28.17	1.97	^**	^**	^**
百粒重HSW	17.07	2.77	6.65	25.26	16.25	1.96	^**	^**	^**
虫食粒数SDI	8.69	4.01	1.43	28	46.09	1.98	^**	^**	^**
虫食粒重SWI	0.35	0.17	0.05	1	49.87	1.95	^**	^**	^**
虫食粒率PDS	6.71	2.92	1.69	17.26	43.54	2.01	^**	^**	^**
虫食重比PWI	1.73	0.93	0.36	7.44	53.57	1.86	^**	^**	^**

性状 Traits	平均值 Average	标准差 SD	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数 CV(%)	多样性指数 H'	基因型 Genotype	年份 Years	基因型与年份互作 G × Y
株高PH	84.61	19.96	35.64	160.82	23.59	1.98	^**	^**	^**
节数BNN	16.55	2.27	11.11	23.22	13.74	2.04	^**	^**	^**
分枝数BN	2.53	1.69	0.22	7.57	66.65	1.92	^**	^**	^**
茎粗ST	9.79	1.32	6.58	15.16	13.48	2.05	^**	^**	^**
单株荚数PNP	71.08	21.05	35.78	132.29	29.62	1.94	^**	^**	^**
单株粒数SNP	146.59	43.37	68	319.17	29.59	1.95	^**	^**	^**
单数粒重SWP	24.13	6.8	12.19	50.82	28.17	1.97	^**	^**	^**
百粒重HSW	17.07	2.77	6.65	25.26	16.25	1.96	^**	^**	^**
虫食粒数SDI	8.69	4.01	1.43	28	46.09	1.98	^**	^**	^**
虫食粒重SWI	0.35	0.17	0.05	1	49.87	1.95	^**	^**	^**
虫食粒率PDS	6.71	2.92	1.69	17.26	43.54	2.01	^**	^**	^**
虫食重比PWI	1.73	0.93	0.36	7.44	53.57	1.86	^**	^**	^**

性状 Traits	类群Cluster
性状 Traits	I	II	III	IV
株高PH	83.18	67.67	103.22	93.27
节数BNN	17.10	14.72	18.26	16.38
分枝数BN	2.15	1.24	4.32	3.28
茎粗ST	10.13	8.70	10.70	9.82
单株荚数PNP	67.80	52.75	102.30	68.32
单株粒数SNP	142.15	108.84	208.47	139.30
单数粒重SWP	24.08	18.55	31.98	23.60
百粒重HSW	17.37	17.45	15.97	17.29
虫食粒数SDI	7.20	6.51	10.80	13.08
虫食粒重SWI	0.28	0.26	0.43	0.56
虫食粒率PDS	5.39	6.86	6.02	10.29
虫食重比PWI	1.30	1.65	1.58	3.02

性状 Traits	类群Cluster
性状 Traits	I	II	III	IV
株高PH	83.18	67.67	103.22	93.27
节数BNN	17.10	14.72	18.26	16.38
分枝数BN	2.15	1.24	4.32	3.28
茎粗ST	10.13	8.70	10.70	9.82
单株荚数PNP	67.80	52.75	102.30	68.32
单株粒数SNP	142.15	108.84	208.47	139.30
单数粒重SWP	24.08	18.55	31.98	23.60
百粒重HSW	17.37	17.45	15.97	17.29
虫食粒数SDI	7.20	6.51	10.80	13.08
虫食粒重SWI	0.28	0.26	0.43	0.56
虫食粒率PDS	5.39	6.86	6.02	10.29
虫食重比PWI	1.30	1.65	1.58	3.02

性状 Traits	主成分特征向量 Principal component eigenvector
性状 Traits	1	2	3	4
株高PH	0.73	-0.16	-0.24	0.47
节数BNN	0.65	-0.32	-0.04	0.39
分枝数BN	0.71	-0.13	-0.24	0.22
茎粗ST	0.62	-0.22	0.54	0.18
单株荚数PNP	0.89	-0.24	-0.10	-0.22
单株粒数SNP	0.86	-0.22	-0.04	-0.41
单数粒重SWP	0.75	0.02	0.53	-0.27
百粒重HSW	-0.21	0.33	0.82	0.29
虫食粒数SDI	0.57	0.69	-0.02	-0.21
虫食粒重SWI	0.55	0.74	0.00	0.08
虫食粒率PDS	0.07	0.91	-0.03	-0.01
虫食重比PWI	0.17	0.83	-0.28	0.16
特征值 Eigenvalue	4.65	2.97	1.45	0.90
贡献率 PV(%)	38.94	24.84	12.17	7.53
累积贡献率 CPV(%)	38.94	63.77	75.94	83.47

Phenotype analysis and comprehensive evaluation of spring soybean germplasm resources from northeast China

东北春大豆种质资源表型分析及综合性评价

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Figures/Tables 9

References 28

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自变量 Independent variable	分界点 Change point	第1段函数 First segment function	第2段函数 Second segment function
株高PH	102.03	Y= 0.22X + 6.29	Y= -0.12X + 41.22
节数BNN	19.93	Y= 1.26X + 3.55	Y= -1.13X + 51.11
分枝数BN	3.50	Y= 2.31X + 19.19	Y= -0.14X + 27.78
茎粗ST	11.69	Y= 3.70X - 11.79	Y= -0.67X + 39.18
单株荚数PNP	99.73	Y= 0.27X + 5.41	Y= -0.04X + 36.18
单株粒数SNP	286.09	Y= 0.13X + 5.79
百粒重HSW	10.30		Y= 0.60X + 13.77
虫食粒数SDI	8.88	Y= 1.07X + 15.52	Y= 0.63X + 19.39
虫食粒重SWI	0.39	Y= 28.49X + 15.37	Y= 5.69X + 24.28
虫食粒率PDS	9.95	Y= 0.43X + 21.58	Y= -0.94X + 35.21
虫食重比PWI	1.17	Y= 6.89X + 17.31	Y= -1.04X + 26.57

种质编号	综合评价得分	排名	类型	类群	种质编号	综合评价得分	排名	类型	类群
Number	D score	Rank	Type	Cluster	Number	D score	Rank	Type	Cluster
Soy194	0.59	1	地方	III	Soy157	0.13	106	选育	I
Soy209	0.55	2	地方	III	Soy170	0.13	107	选育	I
Soy015	0.52	3	地方	III	Soy096	0.13	108	选育	I
Soy052	0.50	4	选育	III	Soy094	0.13	109	选育	II
Soy152	0.50	5	地方	III	Soy175	0.13	110	选育	I
Soy205	0.48	6	地方	III	Soy125	0.13	111	选育	I
Soy196	0.44	7	选育	III	Soy056	0.13	112	选育	II
Soy166	0.41	8	地方	III	Soy191	0.13	113	地方	IV
Soy158	0.40	9	地方	III	Soy182	0.12	114	选育	I
Soy105	0.39	10	选育	III	Soy204	0.12	115	选育	IV
Soy075	0.39	11	地方	III	Soy130	0.12	116	选育	II
Soy027	0.39	12	选育	III	Soy087	0.12	117	选育	II
Soy167	0.38	13	选育	III	Soy113	0.12	118	选育	I
Soy050	0.38	14	选育	III	Soy032	0.12	119	选育	I
Soy198	0.38	15	选育	III	Soy001	0.11	120	选育	I
Soy072	0.38	16	选育	III	Soy189	0.11	121	地方	IV
Soy163	0.38	17	选育	III	Soy081	0.11	122	选育	III
Soy190	0.38	18	地方	III	Soy095	0.11	123	选育	I
Soy065	0.37	19	选育	III	Soy019	0.11	124	地方	IV
Soy099	0.36	20	选育	III	Soy131	0.11	125	选育	II
Soy156	0.36	21	地方	III	Soy148	0.11	126	地方	IV
Soy069	0.35	22	地方	III	Soy121	0.11	127	选育	I
Soy076	0.34	23	地方	I	Soy203	0.10	128	地方	IV
Soy202	0.34	24	地方	I	Soy134	0.10	129	选育	II
Soy118	0.33	25	选育	III	Soy098	0.10	130	选育	I
Soy043	0.33	26	选育	III	Soy003	0.10	131	选育	II
Soy077	0.32	27	选育	III	Soy084	0.10	132	选育	IV
Soy151	0.32	28	地方	III	Soy122	0.09	133	选育	II
Soy074	0.32	29	地方	III	Soy109	0.09	134	选育	II
Soy180	0.31	30	选育	I	Soy049	0.09	135	选育	II
Soy023	0.31	31	地方	III	Soy132	0.09	136	选育	II
Soy035	0.31	32	选育	III	Soy048	0.09	137	选育	II
Soy133	0.31	33	选育	III	Soy068	0.09	138	选育	II
Soy177	0.30	34	选育	III	Soy036	0.09	139	选育	I
Soy149	0.29	35	地方	III	Soy140	0.09	140	选育	II
Soy147	0.29	36	地方	III	Soy143	0.08	141	选育	I
Soy101	0.28	37	选育	I	Soy059	0.08	142	选育	IV
Soy172	0.28	38	选育	I	Soy008	0.08	143	地方	IV
Soy034	0.27	39	选育	I	Soy089	0.08	144	选育	II
Soy085	0.27	40	选育	I	Soy057	0.08	145	选育	I
Soy024	0.27	41	地方	III	Soy110	0.08	146	选育	II
Soy022	0.27	42	选育	I	Soy114	0.08	147	选育	II
Soy070	0.27	43	地方	III	Soy045	0.08	148	选育	I
Soy159	0.26	44	地方	IV	Soy144	0.08	149	选育	I
Soy004	0.25	45	地方	III	Soy188	0.07	150	地方	IV
Soy020	0.25	46	地方	III	Soy083	0.07	151	选育	IV
Soy111	0.25	47	选育	III	Soy047	0.07	152	选育	II
Soy090	0.25	48	选育	I	Soy097	0.07	153	选育	I
Soy006	0.25	49	地方	I	Soy014	0.07	154	地方	IV
Soy183	0.24	50	地方	I	Soy129	0.07	155	选育	II
Soy193	0.24	51	选育	III	Soy106	0.07	156	选育	II
Soy042	0.23	52	选育	III	Soy092	0.07	157	选育	II
Soy013	0.23	53	地方	I	Soy153	0.06	158	地方	IV
Soy108	0.23	54	选育	I	Soy046	0.06	159	选育	II
Soy178	0.23	55	选育	I	Soy067	0.06	160	选育	II
Soy127	0.23	56	选育	I	Soy060	0.06	161	选育	IV
Soy005	0.23	57	地方	I	Soy119	0.05	162	选育	II
Soy082	0.23	58	选育	I	Soy201	0.05	163	地方	IV
Soy088	0.23	59	选育	III	Soy010	0.05	164	地方	II
Soy161	0.22	60	地方	III	Soy086	0.05	165	地方	II
Soy011	0.22	61	地方	III	Soy053	0.05	166	选育	IV
Soy104	0.22	62	选育	I	Soy185	0.05	167	地方	IV
Soy160	0.22	63	地方	III	Soy093	0.05	168	选育	II
Soy179	0.22	64	选育	I	Soy155	0.05	169	地方	II
Soy026	0.21	65	选育	I	Soy124	0.04	170	选育	IV
Soy164	0.21	66	选育	I	Soy112	0.04	171	选育	I
Soy181	0.21	67	选育	I	Soy078	0.04	172	选育	II
Soy007	0.20	68	地方	I	Soy173	0.03	173	选育	II
Soy025	0.20	69	选育	I	Soy107	0.03	174	选育	II
Soy018	0.19	70	地方	I	Soy030	0.03	175	选育	II
Soy017	0.19	71	地方	I	Soy033	0.03	176	选育	II
Soy063	0.19	72	选育	IV	Soy080	0.02	177	选育	IV
Soy071	0.18	73	选育	III	Soy009	0.02	178	地方	II
Soy145	0.18	74	选育	I	Soy137	0.02	179	选育	II
Soy176	0.18	75	选育	I	Soy192	0.01	180	选育	II
Soy012	0.18	76	地方	I	Soy128	0.01	181	选育	II
Soy061	0.18	77	选育	I	Soy206	0.01	182	选育	II
Soy028	0.17	78	选育	I	Soy123	0.01	183	选育	II
Soy091	0.17	79	选育	II	Soy142	0.01	184	选育	IV
Soy136	0.17	80	选育	I	Soy102	0.01	185	选育	II
Soy044	0.17	81	选育	I	Soy041	0.01	186	选育	IV
Soy139	0.16	82	选育	I	Soy186	0.00	187	选育	II
Soy126	0.16	83	选育	I	Soy195	0.00	188	选育	II
Soy055	0.16	84	选育	II	Soy038	0.00	189	选育	II
Soy103	0.16	85	选育	I	Soy162	0.00	190	选育	II
Soy115	0.16	86	选育	I	Soy079	-0.01	191	选育	IV
Soy100	0.16	87	选育	I	Soy117	-0.01	192	选育	II
Soy208	0.16	88	选育	I	Soy073	-0.01	193	选育	II
Soy002	0.15	89	选育	I	Soy200	-0.01	194	选育	II
Soy174	0.15	90	选育	I	Soy154	-0.02	195	地方	IV
Soy120	0.15	91	选育	I	Soy064	-0.02	196	选育	II
Soy187	0.15	92	选育	I	Soy171	-0.02	197	选育	II
Soy138	0.15	93	选育	I	Soy197	-0.02	198	选育	II
Soy116	0.15	94	选育	I	Soy021	-0.03	199	地方	II
Soy058	0.15	95	选育	I	Soy146	-0.03	200	选育	II
Soy066	0.15	96	选育	I	Soy016	-0.03	201	选育	II
Soy062	0.15	97	选育	I	Soy165	-0.06	202	选育	II
Soy207	0.14	98	选育	II	Soy199	-0.06	203	选育	II
Soy184	0.14	99	地方	IV	Soy040	-0.06	204	选育	IV
Soy169	0.14	100	选育	I	Soy150	-0.07	205	地方	IV
Soy029	0.14	101	选育	IV	Soy168	-0.07	206	选育	II
Soy054	0.14	102	选育	I	Soy031	-0.09	207	选育	II
Soy051	0.14	103	选育	IV	Soy039	-0.14	208	选育	IV
Soy141	0.14	104	选育	I	Soy037	-0.25	209	选育	IV
Soy135	0.13	105	选育	II

性状 Traits	综合评价得分 D score
株高PH	0.55^**
节数BNN	0.59^**
分枝数BN	0.60^**
茎粗ST	0.56^**
单株荚数PNP	0.86^**
单株粒数SNP	0.83^**
单数粒重SWP	0.64^**
百粒重HSW	-0.30^**
虫食粒数SDI	-0.03
虫食粒重SWI	-0.10
虫食粒率PDS	-0.54^**
虫食重比PWI	-0.45^**

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