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    Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics. Cultivation Physiology · Physiology and Biochemistry Microbes
    Effects of two application methods of insect-sand compound microbial agent on cotton growth and control of Verticillium wilt
    MENG Zhuo, TANG Xiaowen, ZHANG Guangjie, XU Andong, YAN Yu, FU Rao, QIANG Song, JIANG Pingan, MA Deying
    2024, 61(12): 2861-2871.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.001
    Abstract ( 161 )   HTML ( 37 )   PDF (2245KB) ( 64 )  

    【Objective】 In order to explore the green control technology of cotton Verticillium wilt, the effects of two different application methods on cotton growth and control of verticillium wilt under the synergistic effect of Protaetia brevitarsis worm dung-sand and microbial agents will be clarified, in the hope of providing scheme reference for green control of the cotton disease and sustainable development of cotton industry.【Methods】 Four treatments of larvae dung-sand combined with Bacillus subtilis (LD-KC), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (LD-JDF), Trichoderma harzianum (LD-HC) and Zhongmian Junletu (LD-ZM) were set up, and total base fertilizer of the larvae dung-sand combined with microbial agents (TBF) and base fertilizer of larvae dung-sand+dressing microbial agents (BF+DBM) were used respectively.【Results】 The growth and development indexes of cotton in BF+DBM group (plant height, stem diameter, first node of fruit branches, etc.) were better than those in TBF group, with LD-JDF and LD-ZM performing better. The yield increase of seed cotton in BF+DBM group was significantly higher than those in TBF group and control group (CK). The yield increase of seed cotton in BF+DBM group was 24.37%-33.40%. The highest yield increase was achieved in LD-JDF group (33.40%), followed by LD-HC (31.10%). In the early stage of Verticillium wilt, the disease index of TBF group was 3.80-5.85, the disease index of LD-JDF treatment was higher, reaching 44.36%, the disease index of BF+DBM group was 2.50-5.33, the disease index of LD-HC treatment was the lowest, and the prevention effect was 63.40%. In the late stage of Verticillium wilt, the disease indexes of TBF group and BF+DBM group were between 27.00-31.67 and 21.67-30.83, respectively, and JDF had the highest control effect, reaching 19.00% and 34.98% respectively.【Conclusion】 During the whole growth period of cotton, the basic application of larvae dung-sand combined with semi-quantitative biocontrol bacteria plus semi-quantitative biocontrol bacteria topdressing can effectively promote the growth and development of cotton, and has a good control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt, and the effect of increasing production is more obvious. LD-JDF has the best effect of increasing production, and base fertilizer of larvae dung-sand+dressing biocontrol microorganisms.

    Research on the effect of "dry sowing and wet discharge" cotton field seedling preservation technology in an arched shed environment
    LU Hongqin, BAI Yungang, CHAI Zhongping, LU Zhenlin, LIU Hongbo, ZHENG Ming, XIAO Jun
    2024, 61(12): 2872-2882.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.002
    Abstract ( 106 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (2121KB) ( 24 )  

    【Objective】 To explore the effects of arch greenhouse cultivation measures under the technique of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on the emergence rate, growth process, and growth mechanism of cotton.【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Hailou Town, Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2023.The experiment was performed with two factors: sowing time and greenhouse cultivation.The conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence" was used as the control, with a total of four experimental treatments, namely: sowing time on April 7th and April 13th (April 13th is the local field sowing date).At the same sowing time, two cultivation management methods were used: "dry sowing and wet emergence"+greenhouse and conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence".Afterwards, the response characteristics under different treatments were analyzed such as air temperature, soil water heat salt, cotton emergence rate, growth indicators, and physiological characteristics under different treatments.【Results】 The temperature inside the greenhouse was higher than the atmospheric temperature under the treatment of "dry sowing and wet discharge" and "arched shed".In the 0-40 cm soil layer, as the soil layer deepened, the warming effect of the arch shed gradually slowed down.Compared with the conventional "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment, the average soil moisture content in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 1.57% to 2.16%, and the average soil moisture content in the 20-40 cm soil layer increased by 0.46% to 2.11%.Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the 0-40 cm layers of soil treated with "dry sowing and wet discharge" and arched shed was lower than that of the "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment.The height, stem diameter, and aboveground dry matter accumulation of cotton plants treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were significantly higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" (P<0.05).The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cotton treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were 12.11%-14.29% and 32.74%-41.68% higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence", respectively.【Conclusion】 Arched shed treatment can increase surface soil temperature, improve soil water retention capacity, reduce soil salt content, increase cotton emergence rate, promote cotton plant height, stem diameter, aboveground dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index growth, which is conducive to cotton photosynthesis.In addition, early sowing has a significant promoting effect on cotton growth.

    Effects of foliage spraying thidiazuron times and periods on growth and yield of cotton
    XIE Jia, WANG Yuyan, ZHAO Qiang, ZHANG Qiyue, LI Shilong
    2024, 61(12): 2883-2889.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.003
    Abstract ( 107 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (1026KB) ( 49 )  

    【Objective】 In order to screen out the suitable thiabilone spraying period and times in the process of cotton growth and development, the effects of foliar spraying of thidiazuron reagent on cotton growth and yield will be studied.【Methods】 In 2021, the experiment of Pencil Thiophenone was carried out in Dafeng Town, Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture.The cotton variety Xinluzao 82 was used as the test material.150 mL/hm2 was used as the spraying standard, and T1, T2, T3 were used as the spraying treatments once, which were sprayed in bud, flower and boll stages respectively.T4, T5, T6 were sprayed twice, respectively, in bud and boll stage, bud and boll stage, boll and boll stage.T7 was sprayed for three times, spraying once in bud-blooming, flowering and boll-blooming stages.There were 7 treatments and one clean water control.The effects of spraying times and spraying cycle of Thidiazuron on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and quality of cotton were studied.【Results】 The results showed that the number of fruit branches and bolls in T5 treatment increased by 1.8 and 3 compared with the control.After 60 days of application, the dry matter accumulation of T5 treatment increased by 28.94 g compared with CK, and the dry matter of reproductive organs accounted for a larger proportion than CK, increasing by 6.5%.Compared with CK, the effective boll number and single boll weight of cotton treated with T5 increased by 0.45 and 0.37g, respectively, and the yield of seed cotton and lint cotton treated with T6 increased by 20.7% and 17.9%, respectively.Compared with CK, the fiber length of the top half of T5 treatment increased by 0.4%.【Conclusion】 It is recommended to spray thidiazuron twice, and spraying it in full bud stage can promote the growth and development of cotton.Spraying it in full boll stage can increase the yield of cotton, and using thidiazuron as a plant growth regulator has a positive effect on cotton.

    Effects of growth promoting bacteria and their combinations on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat in arid areas of Xinjiang
    GU Meiying, GE Chunhui, ZHU Jing, TANG Qiyong, Ainijiang Ersiman, CHU Min, TANG Guangmu, YI Yuanyang, XU Wanli, ZHANG Zhidong
    2024, 61(12): 2890-2901.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.004
    Abstract ( 105 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1400KB) ( 42 )  

    【Objective】 The effect of microbial agents is greatly influenced by crop and ecological conditions, so this research aims to screen the functional strains adapted to the growth promotion, lodging resistance and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance in Xinjiang soil type and climate characteristics.To provide high-quality bacterial resources for the development of microbial fertilizers suitable for Xinjiang arid areas.【Methods】 Ecological adaptability studies showed that these strains had varying degrees of salt alkali and drought resistance, etc.【Results】 Nine strains with growth promoting functions were isolated from soils in different ecological environments in Xinjiang.The effects of single and compound bacteria on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat were determined using seed soaking method by pot experiment.In mild saline alkali soil, the germination rate of 9 strains increased by 6.67%-33.33%, the plant height increased by 6.91%-54.09%, the fresh weight increased by 15.74%-75.32%, and the chlorophyll content increased by 27.03%-143.87%.8 strains increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase with disease resistance in wheat plants, and the increase ranged between 18.06%-89.59%.5 strains of increased the peroxidase activities with stress resistance in wheat plants.3 strains increased the lignin content related to lodging resistance in wheat plants by 19.10%, 13.77%, and 8.43%, respectively.Combining functions such as growth promotion, lodging resistance, and stress resistance, three strains of Y24 (Paenibacillus), SD5 (Bacillus), and L6 (Halomonas) with different functions of promoting growth, resisting lodging and promoting premature maturation were combined.The combination of SD5-L6 treatment had the best effect on wheat growth and physiological characteristics.Compared to SD5 and L6, the germination rate and fresh weight increased by 7.15% and 0.00%, 133.33% and 1.23%, respectively.The content of chlorophyll and lignin increased by 100.00% and 92.03%, 5.34% and 2.45%, respectively.The activity of PAL and POD enzymes increased by 8.25% and 44.80%, 4.13% and -6.04%, respectively.【Conclusion】 Under mild saline alkali stress in arid areas of Xinjiang, wheat plant height does not increase significantly after combination, but the functional effects of germination rate, fresh weight, photosynthesis, lodging resistance, and stress resistance are significantly better than those of a single strain, which shows that different strains can synergistically increase efficiency.The combination of Bacillus and halomonas can play a greater role in promoting wheat growth and enhancing plant stress resistance.

    Comprehensive evaluation of foxtail millet varieties based on entropy weight method and grey relational analysis
    HAO Xiyu, LIU Tingting, WANG Hui, LENG Jingwen, GONG Shihang, LIU Wei, LIANG Jie
    2024, 61(12): 2902-2912.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.005
    Abstract ( 90 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (997KB) ( 21 )  

    【Objective】 It is necessary to determine the most suitable variety under different selection goals and the best comprehensive evaluation method for different selection goals of millet varieties.【Methods】 In this study from 2021 to 2022, 25 agronomic traits, yield, and quality indicators of 20 new millet varieties were analyzed and compared.Meanwhile, the entropy weight method was used to assign weights to each indicator, and DTOPSIS method and grey relational degree analysis method were used to evaluate different varieties.【Results】 Except for thousand-grain weight, the differences between varieties in the other 24 indicators reached a highly significant level.The ranking results of the two analytical methods, DTOPSIS and grey relational analysis, showed a higher degree of agreement with the yield ranking results.This indicated that grey relational analysis payed more attention to the evaluation of yield than the DTOPSIS method.The maximum difference value of Ci was 30.01%, the maximum difference value of ri was 7.71%, and the maximum difference value of γ was 11.85%, indicating that the DTOPSIS method could better demonstrate the differences between varieties.【Conclusion】 The DTOPSIS method and the weighted grey relational analysis method based on entropy weight are suitable for the comprehensive evaluation of millet varieties.In semi-arid production areas, if higher yield varieties are needed, Zhangzagu 16 should be selected; if varieties with more balanced traits are needed, Jinmiao K2 should be chosen; if varieties with a balance between yield and various traits are needed, Jigu 22 should be selected.

    Effects of winter sowing on the nutrition and flavor of Jinfen 107 millet
    YU Xinyu, YU Jing, FENG Naihong, YUE Zhongxiao, HOU Donghui, YANG Chengyuan
    2024, 61(12): 2913-2920.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.006
    Abstract ( 80 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (926KB) ( 14 )  

    【Objective】 To study and clarify the effect of sowing time on the nutrition and flavor of Jinfen 107 millet.The finding of which might provide a certain reference for future sowing agronomy and germplasm work, agricultural product processing and consumption selection.【Methods】 The basic nutrients of spring sown foxtail millet and winter sown foxtail millet were detected and the nutritional analysis and evaluation of fatty acids were carried out.Gas chromatography-ion migration chromatography (GC-IMS) technology was used to determine and analyze the volatile components of spring sown and winter sown foxtailmillet, and the differences between different products were explored based on the fingerprint of volatile components.【Results】 Spring sown foxtail millet had a higher content of basic nutrients such as protein than winter sown foxtail millet, while winter sown foxtail millet had a higher content of some vitamins and carotenoids than spring sown foxtail millet, and it also contained more nutritious and healthy fatty acids.Through GC-IMS technology, a total of 68 volatile differential substances were detected in spring and winter sown foxtail millet from Jinfen 107.Among them, winter sown foxtail millet had a richer variety of flavor substances, with the highest content of aldehydes, as well as various alcohols, ketones, esters, and heterocyclic compounds.【Conclusion】 Different sowing times can indeed have a corresponding impact on the nutrition and flavor of foxtail millet.

    Phenotype analysis and comprehensive evaluation of spring soybean germplasm resources from northeast China
    YANG Xiangbo, CHEN Liangyu, YANG Songnan, CHEN Xifeng, XING Weiming, LI Xueying, CONG Weixuan, ZANG Zhenyuan, ZANG Yuanbo, ZHANG Jun
    2024, 61(12): 2921-2933.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.007
    Abstract ( 99 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1604KB) ( 23 )  

    【Objective】 To enhance the utilization efficiency of spring soybean germplasm resources in northeast China and identify high-quality materials.【Methods】 A total of 209 cultivars and landraces underwent a series of statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, segmented linear regression analysis, and a comprehensive evaluation of 12 traits over a three-year period.【Results】 The range of phenotypic coefficients of variation and diversity indices indicated that branch node number, stem thickness, and one hundred seed weight showed a relatively stable pattern.In contrast, nine traits, including number of branches, percentage of damaged seeds weight by insect of total seed weight per plant, and pod number per plant, exhibited a high degree of variability.Principal component analysis revealed that all traits could be condensed into yield, insect resistance, one hundred seed weight, and plant architecture factors.The yield factor was positively correlated with plant architecture factor and negatively correlated with one hundred seed weight, percentage of damaged seeds by insect of total seed number per plant, and percentage of damaged seeds weight by insect of total seed weight per plant.Germplasm resources could be classified into four categories.Class I was characterized by moderate plant architecture and high pod number.Class II was distinguished by short plants and low yield per plant.Class III was defined by ideal plant architecture and the highest yield.Class IV was similar to Group I but exhibited poor insect resistance.The results of piecewise linear regression analysis indicated that the optimal high-yielding soybean characteristics exhibited a plant height of approximately 102.03 cm, 19.93 nodes, 3.5 branches, 11.39 mm stem thickness, 99.73 pods, and 286.09 seeds, with minimal feeding by soybean pod borer.The DTOPSIS (dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) method calculated D scores of the germplasm ranging from 0.59 to -0.25, with a mean of 0.16.【Conclusion】 The phenotypic diversity of spring soybeans in northeast China is considerable, with Class I and Class III representing promising sources for plant architecture improvement and high-yield breeding, respectively.High-yielding soybeans are distinguished by their moderate plant architecture, high seed number, and insect resistance.The three resources Soy194, Soy052, and Soy196, which have achieved excellent D scores, are exemplary germplasm for soybean breeding.

    Soil Fertilizer · Storage and Preservation Processing · Horticultural Special Local Products
    Effects of reducing fertilizer and applying fulvic acid on soil nutrients and peanut growth
    SUN Chen, HUAI Guolong, WANG Bin, SUN Jiusheng, YANG Zhiying, SHAN Nana
    2024, 61(12): 2934-2942.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.008
    Abstract ( 91 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (1309KB) ( 20 )  

    【Objective】 In order to explore the application effect of combined application of chemical fertilizer and humic acid organic fertilizer on saline soil and peanuts. 【Methods】 A peanut pot experiment is conducted. A combination of humic acid organic fertilizer and fertilizer application were applied in this experiment, and conventional fertilizer application rates were taken as a control.On the basis of basic application of humic acid organic fertilizer of 40 kg/667m2, a total of 6 treatments were set up to reduce the conventional dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers by 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%.And by analyzing the changes in soil nutrients, peanut plant height, lateral branch length, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), dry matter accumulation and yield of plants, and other indicators, the effects of fertilizer reduction and organic substitution fertilization models on salinization soil nutrients and peanut growth were studied.【Results】 After basic application of humic acid fertilizer, a significant reduction in fertilizer application could still maintain the normal growth of peanuts.Reducing fertilizer application by 20%-40% could significantly promote peanut growth, increase soil nutrient content, effectively improve saline soil, improve soil quality, and also increase the dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, number of fruit per plant, and fruit weight per plant of peanuts, thereby increasing yield.【Conclusion】 The optimal technical solution for the combination of chemical fertilizer and humic acid organic fertilizer is to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer by 20% to 40% on the basis of applying 40 kg/667m2 of humic acid fertilizer.

    Principal component analysis and comparison of starch functional properties of rice cultivars
    WANG Jianin, MAO Hongyan, YUE Li, Zulipiya Maimaiti, LYU Yuping, YU Ming
    2024, 61(12): 2943-2953.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.009
    Abstract ( 80 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1696KB) ( 22 )  

    【Objective】 To examine the distinct starch functional properties among various rice cultivars in Xinjiang and to establish a theoretical foundation for rice processing.【Methods】 Fifteen varieties of rice cultivated in Xinjiang served as the fundamental material and the starch was obtained through an alkaline method; Various parameters like amylose and straight-chain amylose content, sedimentation product, freeze-thaw stability, transmittance, pasting characteristics, textural characteristics, solubility, swelling, etc.were assessed.The statistics were then subjected to significance of differences analyses, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis.【Results】 The amylose content and linear amylose content of the 15 rice types differed significantly (P< 0.05).Xining 9 had the highest linear amylose content (28.88%).Solubility also differed significantly (P< 0.05), and the swelling degree ranged from 59% to 70%.Freeze-thaw stability decreased with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and transmittance decreased with increasing resting time.Daomi 56 and Xinjing 9 had the highest chewing resistance.There was a significant correlation between the rice varieties and the straight-chain amylose content of the starch, pasting properties, and textural properties.Xinjing 9 had the highest score.Various types of rice exhibited differences in their physicochemical and functional characteristics.Xinjing 9 variety, in particular, was found to possess favorable processing characteristics.【Conclusion】 The outcomes of this study offer a theoretical underpinning for rice variety selection and processing in Xinjiang.

    Difference analysis between thompson seedless and bud mutation long-berry thompson seedless grape
    HU Jinge, BAI Shijian, ZHENG Ming
    2024, 61(12): 2954-2965.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.010
    Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1520KB) ( 13 )  

    【Objective】 To analyze the differences of botanical characters, berry quality, raisin polyphenols and antioxidant activity between Thompson Seedless and long-berry Thompson Seedless grape in the hope of providing new germplasm resources for grape breeding.【Methods】 V.vinefera cv.Thompson Seedless and bud mutation Long-berry Thompson Seedless were used as material, in the open field of the experimental vineyard,to investigate botanical character, photosynthetic response curve, berry quality and raisins quality and analyze the relationship between phenolic and antioxidant activity of raisins.【Results】 The results showed that, the main variation characteristics of bud mutation Long-berry Thompson Seedless were the color of young leaves, tender tips and petioles.Compared with ordinary Thompson Seedless, the color of young leaves was green with red bands, ventral new shoot color was green with red bands, dorsal internode color was green with red bands, and intersegmental ventral was green with red band.Germination rate of Thompson Seedless was higher than Long-berry Thompson Seedless, which were 65.00% and 63.82% respectively, germination rates of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were 50.48% and 53.45% respectively, in 2022, in 2023.The shape index of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were always higher than that of Thompson Seedless, the maximum shape index of Thompson Seedless and Long-berry Thompson Seedless were 1.80 and 2.12, after 16 d and 28 d after flowing, respectively.Berry quality, reduce sugar, sugar-acid ratio of Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than those of Long-berry Thompson Seedless, and there were no difference for bunch weight, bunch length, bunch width, soluble solid, titratable acid, Vitamin C, chromatic aberration.Drying rate, mean weight of Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than those of Long-berry Thompson Seedless, shape index of Long-berry Thompson Seedless was significantly higher than that of Thompson Seedless.Total flavanol, total flavonoids, total tannin, total phenol of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than those of Thompson Seedless, and their content were 1,808.59、2,286.43, 51.11, 98.53 mg/kg, respectively.DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging capacity of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than Thompson Seedless, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of Long-berry Thompson Seedless lower than Thompson Seedless, and no difference.The correlation coefficient were greater than 0.926 for total flavanol, total flavonoids, total tannin, total phenol, DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging capacity, and their differences were significant or extremely significant.ABTS free radical scavenging capacity was negatively correlated with total flavanol, total flavonoids, total tannins, total phenols, DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging capacity with litter difference.【Conclusion】 Bud mutation Long-berry Thompson Seedless can be used as an excellent variety and provide new germplasm resources for breeding.

    Effects of regulation of walnut green peel polyphenols on postharvest active oxygen metabolism and reduction of rotten in Hami melon
    LI Hui, BI Ying, WANG Xinyu, LEI Yaxin, ZHANG Qi, HUANG Shuai, Rezha kuwangdeke, WANG Jing
    2024, 61(12): 2966-2975.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.011
    Abstract ( 65 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1519KB) ( 9 )  

    【Objective】 To study the effect of walnut green peel polyphenols on reactive oxygen species metabolism (ROS) and decay of Hami melon fruit during storage.【Methods】 30 mg/L walnut green skin polyphenols (obtained from preliminary experiments) were used to treat Hami melon fruit.0.5 mL/L Tween-20 was added to both treatments, soaked for 20 minutes, and stored at room temperature (temperature: (22±2)℃, relative humidity: (20±2)%) for 18 days to measure the decay index, decay rate, cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide anion ( O2-) production rate, hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2), and enzyme activity related to reactive oxygen metabolism of Hami melon fruit every 3 days.【Results】 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (except 6 d), catalase (except 3 d), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) (except 6 d) and glutathione reductase (GR) were enhanced by 30 mg/L walnut green skin polyphenol treatment.Meanwhile, glutathione (GSH) content was increased, H2O2 content and O2- production rate were decreased, and the increase of cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) content could be effectively delayed, the decay index and decay rate of hami melon (P<0.05) were significantly reduced, and the decay symptom of Hami melon fruit was alleviated.【Conclusion】 Walnut green skin polyphenols have a regulatory effect on reactive oxygen species metabolism during post harvest storage, thereby achieving the goal of delaying fruit aging and decay after harvest.

    Study on germination and seedling growth characteristics of Dried Apricot seeds with different treatments
    YAN Wenjing, QIN Lihuan, Aliya Alimu, ZHANG Dahai, LI Jiale, LI Huan, XIE Hui
    2024, 61(12): 2976-2986.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.012
    Abstract ( 68 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 11 )  

    【Objective】 To screen the best disinfection methods and mastere the best method of promoting seed germination of Dried Apricot seeds, and meanwhile, to clarify germination and seedling growth characteristics of the seeds in the hope of revealing the seed dormancy mechanism and improving the seedling growth quality.【Methods】 In this experiment, four disinfection methods were set up to disinfect apricot seeds, and the Dried Apricot seeds were treated with hormone method, warm soup soaking method, low temperature layering method, and hormone + low temperature layering method, and after that, the germination and seedling growth indexes were measured.【Results】 (1) The mold rate of apricot seeds treated with 1% carbendazim was 0.00%, the least toxic to seeds, and the highest germination rate of seeds was 88.67%.(2) The seed germination rate of Dried Apricot was lower after soaking in hormone and warm soup without peeling treatment, which indicated that Dried Apricot seeds had dormancy characteristics of seed coat.The germination time of the Dried Apricot seeds with shell was long at low temperature stratification, which indicated that the shell of the apricot had dormancy characteristics of seed shell.(3) Under different methods, the germination and seedling emergence time of Dried Apricot seeds treated with 500 mg/L gibberellin treatment was the shortest, and the seedling growth characteristics was the best, with a germination rate of 90.50% and a seedling emergence rate of 80.10%.In addition, after 120 days of low-temperature layering treatment of Dried Apricot, the germination rate and seedling emergence rate were higher, the germination rate was 84.67%, the seedling emergence rate was 79.10%, and the seedling growth characteristics were good, but the breeding time was longer.The seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate of warm soup soaking and low temperature layer after hormone treatment were generally not high, the seedling emergence rate was not uniform, and the seedling growth characteristics were poor.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that 1% carbendazim has the best disinfection effect on apricot seeds, and compared with Dried Apricot seeds treated by different methods, the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of semi-peeled seeds treated with 500mg/L gibberellin are higher, the seedling growth characteristics is the best, the cultivation cycle can be greatly shortened, so the seedling cultivation method can be used in production.

    Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest quality of Lycium barbarum from Jinghe County
    LI Shengjie, ZHENG Suhui, HAN Rong, SUN Tianggang, PAN Yan
    2024, 61(12): 2987-2996.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.013
    Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1928KB) ( 11 )  

    【Objective】 To study the effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the preservation of fresh fruits of Lycium barbarum under low temperature conditions, and screen the appropriate gas parameters in the hope of providing a theoretical reference for the storage and transportation of fresh fruits of Lycium barbarum in Xinjiang production.【Methods】 Fresh fruits of Xinjiang Jinghe wolfberry were used as test material, and three different gas permeable films were used to pack the fruits, that was low (4.0%-5.2%CO2), medium (3.4%-4.0% CO2), and high (2.2%-3.3% CO2), under the storage environment of (0±1) °C.The fruit decay rate, weight loss rate, textural characteristics, fruit surface color, different respiratory pathway rates, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and malondialdehyde and other fruit qualities were measured regularly during the storage.Afterwards, the effect of different gas-conditioned packaging treatments on the fresh fruit preservation effect of Lycium barbarum were analyzed.【Results】 Compared with CK, the treatment of medium permeable packaging (3.4%-4.0% CO2) significantly inhibited the decay rate and weight loss rate of wolfberry fresh fruit, maintain better texture characteristics and color of wolfberry fresh fruit, reduced the total respiration rate, delayed the decrease of soluble solids and ascorbic acid content and the increased of malondialdehyde content, and effectively maintain the quality of wolfberry fresh fruit in Jinghe.【Conclusion】 Medium breathable packaging (3.4%-4.0% CO2) fresh fruit of Lycium barbarum L.in Jinghe has the best preservation effect, so that the fruit can still maintain good commercial value after 30 days of storage.

    Screening of treatment methods for gray jujube storage period and establishment of prediction model
    MENG Yina, CHEN Jing, WANG Ziming, ZHANG Ting, HAO Qing, WU Bin, ZHANG Ping, GUO Limin
    2024, 61(12): 2997-3005.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.014
    Abstract ( 69 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1263KB) ( 7 )  

    【Objective】 Screening the optimal storage period treatment method for grey jujube and establishing its prediction model.【Methods】 Based on the current situation of the industry and processing enterprises, under outdoor natural storage conditions, with a storage period of 180 days, pre-treatment methods such as 23% and 28% different initial moisture content, and different stacking heights (5, 10, 20 and 40 cm bulk) were used to evaluate the moisture content, blackhead disease, sensory quality, total sugar content, total acid content, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and VC content of gray jujube during storage comparative studies were conducted on factors such as cAMP content to screen for optimal treatment methods.【Results】 The results showed that the outdoor 20 cm stacking method, with an initial moisture content controlled at 23% could effectively maintain the quality of gray jujube fruit during storage.It was a simple and feasible pre-treatment method for gray jujube processing in processing enterprises.【Conclusion】 According to Arrhenius equation, the content of total sugar, VC and total phenol conforms to the first-order reaction kinetics, while the contents of water, incidence of blackhead, sensory evaluation, total acid content, total flavone content and cAMP content conform to the zero-order reaction kinetics.It is proved that the kinetic model can predict the shelf life of Junzao.The quality control technology with strong applicability is formed to improve the quality of jujube processing products through industrialization demonstration.

    Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on diurnal changes of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of sand-cultivated tomato
    LI Chunyu, TAN Zhanming, CHENG Yunxia, GAO Yuan, MA Quanhui, LI Zhiguo, MA Xing
    2024, 61(12): 3006-3013.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.015
    Abstract ( 76 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1014KB) ( 13 )  

    【Objective】 This study aims to explore the optimal water and fertilizer application scheme suitable for sand cultivated tomato in southern Xinjiang and provide a reasonable theoretical basis for sand cultivated tomato production in this region.【Methods】 The test set four factors: irrigation water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, five levels in each factor; By using four binary universal rotation combinations, a total of 20 treatment combinations, each repeated 3 times to determine the tomato leaf chlorophyll content difference and synthetic day characteristics, and finally, the principal component analysis was carried out for comprehensive evaluation.【Results】 The ranking of the treatments was g9 > g3 > g7 > g11 >g5 >g2> g18 >g12 >g1> g6> g16>g4 >g14> g20>g10> g19> g17> g13> g15>g8.Each index in g9 treatment was well.【Conclusion】 In the process of tomato sand cultivation in southern Xinjiang, g9 treatment (the irrigation level : 310mm/hm2, the amount of nitrogen: 570 kg/hm2, the amount of phosphorus: 438 kg/hm2, the amount of potassium: 738 kg/hm2) can effectively promote the growth and development of tomato plants.

    Effect of NP reduction and K synergism on yield and nutrient absorption of processing tomato
    LI Yali, Halihashi , TANG Yali, DUAN jingjing, LI Qingjun
    2024, 61(12): 3014-3019.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.016
    Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (799KB) ( 15 )  

    【Objective】 To systematically study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction and potassium synergism on the growth, nutrient absorption and distribution and yield change of processing tomato and screen the optimum amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the growth by taking the processing tomato as the research object in the hope of providing scientific basis for the high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation.【Methods】 Taking processed tomatoes as the research object,five treatments were set up in the experiment: treatment 1 conventional nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (conventional NP), treatment 2 90% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (90% NP), treatment 3 80% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (80% NP), treatment 4 90% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (90% NP+K), treatment 5 80% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (80% NP+K).Each process was repeated 3 times.【Results】 There was no significant difference in the quality of processing tomato under the condition of reduced nitrogen and phosphorus application.Compared with conventional NP treatment, 90% NP and 80% NP treatment did not significantly reduce the biomass, yield and N, P, K nutrient uptake of processing tomato, and 90% NP treatment was better than 80% NP treatment.【Conclusion】 The quality, yield and economic benefit of processing tomato can be improved by applying potassium fertilizer under the condition of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer.

    Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of 11 wild seabuckthorn germplasm resources
    XU Bin, WANG Zheng, SONG Zhanteng, Merhaba Paerhati, ZHU Jingrong, CHE Fengbin, LI Yonghai, WU Fengyan, MIAO Fuhong
    2024, 61(12): 3020-3031.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.017
    Abstract ( 84 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1545KB) ( 18 )  

    【Objective】 To conduct fruit quality analysis and comprehensive evaluation of wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources in Xinjiang in the hope of clarifying the characteristics of its ermplasm resources and providing a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of its resources and the selection and breeding of new varieties.【Methods】 Through the investigation of wild sea-thorn germplasm resources, in Ili, Bozhou, Altay region of Xinjiang, with 11 wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources as the research object, the appearance phenotype discrimination was analyzed and identified, and their quality and active ingredient indicators were measured.Meanwhile, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and systematic cluster analysis were performed to construct a comprehensive evaluation model, and the comprehensive scores of fruit quality were calculated and ranked.【Results】 The results showed that there were varying degrees of correlation between the fruit quality and active ingredient indicators of the 11 wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources.Principal component analysis extracted 3 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 86.298%.A comprehensive evaluation model of the fruit quality of wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources was established.Systematic cluster analysis divided the 11 wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources into 3 categories, and the classification results were basically consistent with the comprehensive evaluation results of the principal components.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive evaluation model shows that AQ01, AB01, and AB02 are the excellent wild sea buckthorn germplasm resources collected, which are suitable for fresh consumption and processing into fruit juice, fruit candies, and fruit jams.

    Green chili pepper target detection method based on improved YOLOv5
    WANG Zhenlu, BAI Tao, LI Dongya, DAI Shuo, CHEN Zhen
    2024, 61(12): 3032-3041.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.018
    Abstract ( 81 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (2121KB) ( 15 )  

    【Objective】 Accurate recognition of green chili peppers using machine vision is an important prerequisite for realizing intelligent picking of chili peppers, so in view of the natural conditions of pepper occlusion, this study aims to accurately identify the problem.【Methods】 A chili pepper target detection model based on improved YOLOv5 was proposed, CA (Coordinate Attention) was added in YOLOv5 backbone network Attention mechanism in the YOLOv5 backbone network to enhance the extraction of chili pepper feature information and further enhance the extraction of target location information; meanwhile, a Bi-FPN structure was used in the feature fusion network to improve the model's ability to recognize occluded chili peppers.【Results】 By training on the self-constructed chili pepper dataset, the results showed that the improved model achieved an average accuracy of 91%, which was higher compared to the other models.【Conclusion】 The method proposed in this paper has high accuracy in recognizing occluded green chili peppers in natural environments, which can provide technical support for the accurate recognition of chili pepper intelligent picking robots.

    Prataculture · Plant Protection · Animal Husbandry Veterinarian
    Substitution control of five forages on Ambrosia trifida population in Ili River Valley, Xinjiang
    WANG Tingzhen, FU Kaiyun, DING Xinhua, JIA Zunzun, LIN Jun, LI Xuan, Tuerxun Ahernaiti, FENG Hongzu, WANG Lan, GUO Wenchao
    2024, 61(12): 3042-3050.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.019
    Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (812KB) ( 12 )  

    【Objective】 This study aims to provide a scientific theoretical basis for population replacement techniques of the invasive species, the giant ragweed(Ambrosia trifida), by investigating the substitution effects of five types of grasses.【Methods】 A small-scale competitive experiment was conducted using five types of grasses-Festuca elata, Lolium perenne, Elymus dahuricus, Medicago Sativa and Trifolium repens L.-against A.trifida, with a density of 10 plants/m2.Dynamic monitoring of the branch and stem numbers of the giant ragweed in each community, along with indicators of plant dominance and fresh weight, was carried out to evaluate the substitution effects of the five grasses on the invasive species.【Results】 The mixed planting of tall fescue, alfalfa, and white clover significantly inhibited the growth of branches and segments of A.trifida.All five grasses could significantly suppress the height of A.trifida (P<0.05).In the mixed planting zone, significant decreases in the following order of percentage reduction: white clover > ryegrass > paspalum > tall fescue > alfalfa, with reductions of 65.34%, 45.58%, 37.96%, 27.23%, and 23.85%, respectively.Statistical analysis of plant numbers and coverage indicated significant decreases in plant numbers for the four grasses, except tall fescue, in the mixed planting zone compared to the single-species zone.Dominance results showed that tall fescue, alfalfa, ryegrass, and paspalum were dominant relative to three-leaf Ager, while white clover had a comparable dominance to A.trifida.There were no significant differences between alfalfa and tall fescue in both mixed and single-species zones.The fresh weight of three-leaf Ager was most affected by tall fescue and alfalfa, with percentage reductions of 41.06% (P <0.05) and 36.71% (P <0.05), respectively.【Conclusion】 In this short-term experiment, tall fescue, alfalfa, ryegrass, and paspalum are dominant relative to the giant ragweed, while white clover exhibits similar dominance.Considering factors such as the grasses' life cycle, germination characteristics, dominance, and fresh weight results, it can be concluded that alfalfa and tall fescue exhibit the best biologicalq substitution effects on the giant ragweed, followed by paspalum and ryegrass.White clover shows a relatively poor substitution effect on three-leaf Ager.

    Effects of the carboxin from seed coating formulation on the cotton seed germination and seedling agronomic characteristics under water and temperature stress
    ZHOU Xiaoyun, ZHANG Jungao, LIANG Jing, GONG Jingyun, ZHOU Guangwei, ZHANG Shaomin, LEI Bin
    2024, 61(12): 3051-3060.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.020
    Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1731KB) ( 16 )  

    【Objective】 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of carboxin on seed germination and morphogenesis of cotton seedlings under low temperature and water stress.【Methods】 In this study, the impact of carboxin on seed germination, as well as the morphology, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of cotton seedlings were analyzed.The experiment utilized an artificial climate chamber and controlled the water-holding capacity of potted sandy soil to simulate field conditions of low temperature and water availability.【Results】 The findings revealed that under low temperature stress, the germination rate of cotton seeds was reduced by 21.95%.However, when treated with carboxin, the germination rate increased by 14.06% compared with the low temperature stress alone.Similarly, drought stress caused a 29.41% decrease in seed germination compared with normal watering conditions, whereas carboxin treatment reduced this decrease to 11.67%.Furthermore, low temperature stress significantly reduced the plant height and root length of cotton seedlings, as well as biomass accumulation in the shoots.The stress also led to increased malondialdehyde content and relative permeability of the cell membrane.However, applying carboxin treatment resulted in a reduction of 14.71% and 24.14% in malondialdehyde content and relative permeability, respectively, under low temperature and water stress conditions.Regarding biochemical characteristics, soluble sugar was found to be the main substance under water stress, while soluble protein was predominant under low temperature stress.The highest contents of both soluble sugar and soluble protein were observed in the cotton seedlings coated with carboxin under low temperature and water stress, with increases of 15.56% and 20.14%, respectively.Additionally, under low temperature and water stress conditions, cotton seedlings coated with carboxin exhibited the highest antioxidant enzyme activity and higher expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes.【Conclusion】 Cotton seed germination and growth are negatively affected by low temperature and water stress, leading to oxidative damage in the leaves.In response to this oxidative stress, cotton seedlings activate mechanisms to scavenge reactive oxygen species and mitigate the damage.The application of carboxin shows promising results in enhancing the resistance of cotton seedlings to low temperature and drought stress.This is achieved by altering the levels of osmotic regulating substances, boosting the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting membrane peroxidation.These findings suggest that carboxin has offered a new approach for cotton seedlings to mitigate the impact of environmental disasters and reduce losses.

    Occurrence and detection of begonia infected by apple stem pitting virus
    ZHANG Liya, LIU Baojun, SHAN Jiaqi, WANG Shu, GU Aixing, BAI Jianyu
    2024, 61(12): 3061-3066.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.021
    Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (799KB) ( 4 )  

    【Objective】 To identify the species and field infection of viral diseases on ornamental Malus spp.【Methods】 A total of 158 samples from 7 areas of Xinjiang were detected by macro virus sequencing technique combined with RT-PCR.【Results】 Only one plant virus was compared with apple stem pitting virus (ASPV).Among 158 samples of ornamental begonia, the ASPV detection rates were 0.00%, 12.00%, 0.00%, 31.71%, 29.41%, 17.65% and 0.00% in Bayingoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Aksu Region, Kashgar Region, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Shihezi City, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture and Kuitun City, respectively.Among the 7 areas tested, Changji had the highest detection rate (31.71%).The detection rate of Shihezi City was 29.41%.ASPV was not detected in Kashgar Prefecture and Kuitun City.【Conclusion】 The results showed that the detection rate of ASPV on ornamental begonia is higher in northern Xinjiang and lower in southern Xinjiang.ASPV is detected in ornamental begonia samples, and the virus detected samples were all symptomatic leaves in the field, which was consistent with the disease observed in the field.Ornamental begonia is one of the natural hosts of ASPV.

    Optimization of high-efficiency decomposition conditions and transformation parameters of grapevine branches eaten by the Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis
    XU Andong, ZHANG Guangjie, FU Rao, MENG Zhuo, YAN Yu, LI Baoguo, MA Deying
    2024, 61(12): 3067-3077.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.022
    Abstract ( 59 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1281KB) ( 15 )  

    【Objective】 Optimization of high-efficiency decomposition conditions and transformation parameters of grapevine branches eaten by the Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis,which has provided a new way for the resource utilization of grape branches.【Methods】 Crushed grape branches were taken as the main raw materials, the orthogonal experiment of 3 factors and 5 levels was performed, which included the decomposition inoculants, the ratio of cow dung (%) and the number of fermentation days (d).By measuring the conversion power of larvae to the materials, the optimal combination of feeding grape branches by the larva was screened and verified.【Results】 The results showed that the proportion of cow dung reached a significant difference level at the 10 th, 15 th, 25 th and 30 th days.The higher the proportion of cow dung, the higher the temperature, indicating the better fermentation rate, and the addition of decomposition inoculants and cow dung had a better promotion effect on the fermentation of materials.After fermentation for 25 days, 96 g of compound feed was obtained from each 120 g of raw grape branches, supplemented with 80g of cow dung and 1‰ VT decomposition inoculants.After the conversion of the 3rd larva, the insect sand content was (77.53±22.43)g, the insect body conversion rate was (37.16%±0.04%), and the insect sand conversion rate was (84.99%±0.01%).The harvest coefficient of insect sand was (59.47%±0.04%), and the utilization rate of organic materials was (61.17%±0.02%).【Conclusion】 The 3rd instar larvae of the Protaetia brevitars has a good conversion ability to ferment grape branch feed.Adding 1%VT decomposition inoculants, 40% cow dung and after 25 d fermentation is the best fermentation scheme.

    Transcriptome analysis of Aphis gossypii sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid-resistant strains with different genetic backgrounds of resistance
    WANG Wei, ZHANG Renfu, LIU Haiyang, DING Ruifeng, LIANG Gemei, YAO Ju
    2024, 61(12): 3078-3088.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.023
    Abstract ( 67 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1512KB) ( 9 )  

    【Objective】 To explore the differences in resistance mechanisms to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in cotton aphid with different genetic backgrounds of resistance.【Methods】 Transcriptome sequencing by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was performed on initial field strain, acetamiprid-resistant strain and sulfoxaflor-resistant strain of cotton aphids with different genetic backgrounds (Yarkant and Jinghe), respectively.Meanwhile, differentially expressed genes in resistant strains of cotton aphid with different genetic backgrounds were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.【Results】 By comparing the transcriptome data of sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains from Yarkant and Jinghe, it was found that the sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains from Yarkant had differential expression of 806 and 149 genes, respectively, and the sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains from Jinghe had differential expression of 233 and 160 genes.In the sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains of Yarkant, CYP6CY59, CYP6DC1, and CYP380C45 were up-regulated, but CYP6CY12 and CYP380C46 were down-regulated.In the sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains of Jinghe, CYP380C46 was up-regulated whereas CYP6DC1 was down-regulated.In addition, CYP380C45 was up-regulated in Yarkant sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains, and the Jinghe acetamiprid-resistant strain.CYP6DC1 was up-regulated in both Yarkant resistant strains, but down-regulated in both Jinghe resistant strains.CYP380C46 was up-regulated in both resistant strains in Jinghe but down-regulated in both resistant strains in Yarkant.【Conclusion】 Several P450 genes were involved in resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in cotton aphids.Differences in differentially expressed P450 genes were found between sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains of cotton aphids with the same genetic background, and found between sulfoxaflor-resistant strains of cotton aphids of different genetic backgrounds, as well as between acetamiprid-resistant strains.

    Identification of the pathogen of Prunus davidiana canker in Xinjiang
    TANG Li, LI Chunyan, JIA Wenhao, LIU Zhenya, LI Yapeng, DAN Hongxia, ZHANG Wangbin
    2024, 61(12): 3089-3096.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.024
    Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1475KB) ( 12 )  

    【Objective】 There is a typical symptom about canker disease in Prunus davidiana from Kuitun City (44°26'35″N, 84°54'24″ E) and Aral City (40°32'30″N, 81°17'35″E), Xinjiang.With this in mind, this research aim to identify the real cause.【Methods】 Pathogens (KTST and TDST) were isolated from the susceptible Prunus davidiana branches.【Results】 Based on morphological characteristics, combined with ITS, RPB2 and Tef1-α multi-genesequence analysis, Cytospora leucostoma and Cytospora chrysosperma were isolates from KTST and TDST.【Conclusion】 The Koch postulates was verified by inoculating the pathogen of canker disease on the healthy branches in vitro to cause canker disease symptoms.

    Variation characteristics of soil stoichiometric ratio under the canopy of Kalidium caspicum
    YUAN Ruyi, HAN Zhili, PAN Siyao, MA Hongyu, HUANG Cheng, ZHAO Dan, CHENG Junhui
    2024, 61(12): 3097-3104.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.025
    Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1581KB) ( 8 )  

    【Objective】 In order to verify whether the individual sizes, spatial positions and sampling directions of shrubs have an effect on the stoichiometric ratio of soil under their canopy.【Methods】 In this study, four Kalidium caspicum individuals with different individual sizes were selected in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Desert.Soil samples of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm were collected at four different sampling directions (east, south, west, north) and four spatial positions (shrub center, shrub middle, shrub edge and shrub outside).Based on the determination of organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents, the effects of individual size, spatial position and sampling direction on soil C/N, C/P and N/P changes were analyzed.【Results】 The soil C/N, C/P and N/P showed a decreasing trend from the shrub center to the shrub outside under the canopy of K.caspicum.Among them, C/N in the 10-20 cm soil layer under the canopy of the smaller individual K.caspicum showed the shrub center 13.6% higher than the shrub middle; there were significant differences in C/P between different spatial positions in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, and the shrub center C/P in 10-20 cm soil layer was 15.6%-16.3% higher than that in shrub outside; N/P showed that in the 10-20 cm soil layer, the shrub center of the large individual was 1.3 times that of the shrub edge, and the shrub middle of the small individual was significantly higher than that of the shrub center by 40%.Soil SOC, TN,TP and soil stoichiometry showed a good correlation (P<0.01).【Conclusion】 C/P and N/P become nutrient limiting indicators in this area.

    Study on the differences of slaughter performance and meat quality characteristics of Xinjiang Brown Cattle by different feeding methods
    SU Nan, MA Zen, WANG Xiao, CHEN Wenzhong, ZHANG Yuxia, LIU Wujun, YAN Xiangming
    2024, 61(12): 3105-3112.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.026
    Abstract ( 71 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (902KB) ( 6 )  

    【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to study the difference of muscle fiber and meat quality characteristics in different muscle parts of Xinjiang Brown Cattle between tethered and free-range feeding methods.【Methods】 In this experiment, 20 head of cattle 30-month-old healthy tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle and scattered Xinjiang Brown Cattle were divided into two groups with 10 in each group.The muscles of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle and scattered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (supraspinatus muscle, longissimus dorsi muscle and semitendinosus muscle) were collected for meat quality test, and the differences in shear force, pH value, color difference, cooking loss and muscle fiber characteristics were analyzed.【Results】 (1) The slaughter rate, Clean meat rate and meat-bone ratio of Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly higher than those of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01), and the clean meat weight was significantly higher than that of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.05), but the ratio of fur weight, fat weight and genital weight to live weight was significantly lower than that of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).The live weight before slaughter, carcass weight and the ratio of head, hoof and tail weight to live weight of Xinjiang Brown Cattle in two feeding methods were not significant (P>0.05).(2) The cooking loss rate, meat color L*, a* and b* of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly lower than those of loose Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).The hydraulic power and pH value of Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly higher than those of Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in shear force between the two groups (P>0.05).Compared with BZ, L* and a* of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly lower than those of scattered Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.05).The shear force was significantly higher than that of Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in cooking loss rate, hydraulic power, pH value and meat color b* between the two groups (P>0.05).Compared with the semi-tendinous muscle (BJ) of Xinjiang Brown Cattle, the meat color L* and b* of tethered Xinjiang Brown Cattle were significantly lower than those of Xinjiang Brown Cattle (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in cooking loss rate, hydraulic power, shear force, pH value and meat color a* between the two groups (P>0.05).The hardness, elasticity and resilience of the three muscle parts were not significant (P>0.05).(3) Muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber area and muscle fiber density were not significant (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 Compared with tethered cattle, Xinjiang Brown Cattle reared in free range is more conducive to improving its slaughter performance, followed by Xinjiang Brown Cattle reared in free range, whose supraspinatus muscle (GS) and longissimus dorsi muscle (BZ) are more tender and juicy, and their meat is more bright red.

    Effects of supplementing lysine and threonine on hormones in blood and milk of lactating mares
    JING Hongxin, LI Minghao, WANG Jianwen, Abuduwaresi Abulikemu, LI Xiaobin
    2024, 61(12): 3113-3120.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.027
    Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1146KB) ( 3 )  

    【Objective】 Explore the effects of lysine and threonine supplementation on hormone concentrations in blood and milk of lactating mares under grazing conditions in the hope of providing reference for amino acid regulation of lactation performance and body health of lactating mares.【Methods】 12 Ili mares with similar foaling dates (May), ages of 7-9 years, parity of 4-5 fetuses, average weight of 428±33.42 kg and lactation for 30 days were selected.According to the principle of similar milk production, 12 mares were randomly divided into control group and experimental group.Under the same grazing conditions (grazing time, drinking time, milking time and grazing pasture were the same), set up control group and experimental group,the control group was not given any amino acid supplement, and the experimental group was given lysine 60 g+ threonine 40 g/(d· horses).The whole supplementary feeding period was 120 days, and milk samples and blood were collected regularly to determine hormone indexes.【Results】 The concentration of prolactin in the blood of the experimental group showed a continuous increasing trend, and was higher than that of the control group on the 60th day of the experiment (P > 0.05).In addition, the concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and growth hormone in the blood of the experimental group showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.The concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone in the blood of the control group increased first and then decreased.In milking period, on day 120, the concentrations of luteinizing hormone and growth hormone in milk of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group (P< 0.01), and the concentrations of estradiol, prolactin and luteinizing hormone showed a trend of continuous increase, while the concentrations of progesterone and growth hormone showed a tendency of decreasing first and then increasing.However, in the control group, the concentrations of estradiol and prolactin decreased first and then increased, and the concentrations of progesterone and growth hormone continued to decrease.【Conclusion】 In summary, supplementing lysine and threonine can increase the contents of progesterone and prolactin in the mare's blood, increase the concentrations of estradiol, prolactin and luteinizing hormone in milk, and maintain the normal physiological law of hormones in the mare's blood and milk.