Research on the effect of

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of arch greenhouse cultivation measures under the technique of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on the emergence rate, growth process, and growth mechanism of cotton.【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Hailou Town, Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2023.The experiment was performed with two factors: sowing time and greenhouse cultivation.The conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence" was used as the control, with a total of four experimental treatments, namely: sowing time on April 7th and April 13th (April 13th is the local field sowing date).At the same sowing time, two cultivation management methods were used: "dry sowing and wet emergence"+greenhouse and conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence".Afterwards, the response characteristics under different treatments were analyzed such as air temperature, soil water heat salt, cotton emergence rate, growth indicators, and physiological characteristics under different treatments.【Results】 The temperature inside the greenhouse was higher than the atmospheric temperature under the treatment of "dry sowing and wet discharge" and "arched shed".In the 0-40 cm soil layer, as the soil layer deepened, the warming effect of the arch shed gradually slowed down.Compared with the conventional "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment, the average soil moisture content in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 1.57% to 2.16%, and the average soil moisture content in the 20-40 cm soil layer increased by 0.46% to 2.11%.Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the 0-40 cm layers of soil treated with "dry sowing and wet discharge" and arched shed was lower than that of the "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment.The height, stem diameter, and aboveground dry matter accumulation of cotton plants treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were significantly higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" (P<0.05).The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cotton treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were 12.11%-14.29% and 32.74%-41.68% higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence", respectively.【Conclusion】 Arched shed treatment can increase surface soil temperature, improve soil water retention capacity, reduce soil salt content, increase cotton emergence rate, promote cotton plant height, stem diameter, aboveground dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index growth, which is conducive to cotton photosynthesis.In addition, early sowing has a significant promoting effect on cotton growth.

Key words: cotton; arched shed; dry sowing and wet discharge; temperature inside the shed; soil temperature; soil moisture content

摘要：

【目的】 研究拱棚栽培措施下“干播湿出”对棉花出苗率、生育进程及生长机制的影响。【方法】 于2023年在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县海楼镇进行田间试验,设播种时间和拱棚栽培2个因素,常规“干播湿出”为对照,共4个处理,播种时间分别为4月7日与4月13日(4月13日是当地大田播种日期),同一播种时间采用“干播湿出”+拱棚、常规“干播湿出”2种栽培方式。分析不同处理下空气温度、土壤水-热-盐、棉花出苗率、生长指标与生理特性的响应特征。【结果】 “干播湿出”+拱棚处理下棚内温度高于大气温度,0~40 cm土层内,随着土层加深,拱棚增温效果逐步减缓,“干播湿出”+拱棚处理较常规“干播湿出”处理灌溉出苗水后0~20 cm土层平均土壤含水率提高1.57%~2.16%,20~40 cm土层平均土壤含水率提高0.46%~2.11%,且“干播湿出”+拱棚处理0~40 cm各层土壤电导率均低于“干播湿出”处理。“干播湿出”+拱棚处理棉花株高、茎粗、地上部干物质积累量显著高于“干播湿出”处理( P<0.05),“干播湿出”+拱棚处理棉花叶绿素含量、净光合速率较“干播湿出”处理分别高12.11%~14.29%、32.74%~41.68%。【结论】 拱棚处理可以使表层土壤增温,提高土壤保水能力,降低土壤盐分含量,提高棉花出苗率,促进棉花株高、茎粗、地上部干物质积累量及叶面积指数的生长,有利于棉花光合作用,且适宜早播对棉花生长的促进作用显著。

关键词: 棉花, 拱棚, 干播湿出, 棚内温度, 土壤温度, 土壤含水率

CLC Number:

S289

LU Hongqin, BAI Yungang, CHAI Zhongping, LU Zhenlin, LIU Hongbo, ZHENG Ming, XIAO Jun. Research on the effect of "dry sowing and wet discharge" cotton field seedling preservation technology in an arched shed environment[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 2872-2882.

卢红琴, 白云岗, 柴仲平, 卢震林, 刘洪波, 郑明, 肖军. 拱棚环境下“干播湿出”棉田保苗技术效果评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 2872-2882.

Figures/Tables 13

References 32

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灌水时间 (月/日) Irrigation time (M/D)	灌水定额 Irrigation quota(m³/hm²)
灌水时间 (月/日) Irrigation time (M/D)	A₁B₁	A₁B₂	A₂B₁	A₂B₂
4/13	675	675	0	0
4/19	0	0	675	675
5/10	225	225	0	0
5/16	0	0	225	225
合计Total	900	900	900	900

灌水时间 (月/日) Irrigation time (M/D)	灌水定额 Irrigation quota(m³/hm²)
灌水时间 (月/日) Irrigation time (M/D)	A₁B₁	A₁B₂	A₂B₁	A₂B₂
4/13	675	675	0	0
4/19	0	0	675	675
5/10	225	225	0	0
5/16	0	0	225	225
合计Total	900	900	900	900

处理 Treat- ments	播种日期 Sowing date (月/日) (M/D)	第一株苗出苗时间 First seedling emergence time (月/日) (M/D)	播种后出苗天数 Days of emergence after sowing (d)	出苗率 Emergence rate(%)
A₁B₁	4/7	4/14	7	87.33±0.85^a
A₁B₂	4/7	4/18	11	73.61±1.0^c
A₂B₁	4/13	4/18	5	86.67±0.69^a
A₂B₂	4/13	4/21	8	77.20±0.12^b

处理 Treat- ments	播种日期 Sowing date (月/日) (M/D)	第一株苗出苗时间 First seedling emergence time (月/日) (M/D)	播种后出苗天数 Days of emergence after sowing (d)	出苗率 Emergence rate(%)
A₁B₁	4/7	4/14	7	87.33±0.85^a
A₁B₂	4/7	4/18	11	73.61±1.0^c
A₂B₁	4/13	4/18	5	86.67±0.69^a
A₂B₂	4/13	4/21	8	77.20±0.12^b

处理 Treat- ments	干物质积累量 Dry mass(g)		地上部干物质积累量 Mass of aboveground dry matter (g/株)
处理 Treat- ments	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	地上部干物质积累量 Mass of aboveground dry matter (g/株)
A₁B₁	4.49±0.85^a	4.14±0.97^a	8.63±0.21^a
A₁B₂	0.42±0.10^c	0.14±0.05^b	0.56±0.15^c
A₂B₁	3.17±0.12^b	3.38±0.62^a	6.55±0.28^b
A₂B₂	0.37±0.04^c	0.12±0.04^b	0.49±0.07^c