Study of the allelopathic effects of apple and pear root extracts on the seed germination and seedling growth of Ostericum aquaticum

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.022

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the allelopathic effects of apple and pear root extracts on the seed germination and seedling growth of Ostericum aquaticum, and to provide a theoretical basis for the agroforestry intercropping system. 【Methods】 The effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts from apple and pear roots on the seed germination, seedling growth, and fresh weight of the receptor plant were studied using the petri dish paper method. The nutrition pot seedling method was used to study the effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts from apple and pear roots on the physiological indicators of the receptor plant. 【Results】 (1) The apple root extract exhibited a significant allelopathic effect on the growth and physiological metabolism of Ostericum aquaticum seeds. With the increase of extract concentration, the germination rate, fresh weight, and seedling growth of Ostericum aquaticum initially increased and then decreased. There were also significant differences in biochemical indicators such as soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase in the seedlings under different concentrations of apple root extract. (2) The pear root extract had a significant allelopathic effect on the growth and physiological metabolism of Ostericum aquaticum. Similar to the apple root extract, with the increasing concentration of pear root extract, the germination rate, fresh weight, and seedling growth of Ostericum aquaticum showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. There were also significant differences in the physiological indicators of the seedlings under different concentrations of pear root extract. (3) By taking the average of the allelopathic effect index RI for each indicator for a comprehensive evaluation, it was concluded that both apple and pear root extracts inhibited the growth of Ostericum aquaticum, with the absolute value RI (pear) > RI (apple). 【Conclusion】 Because apple has little inhibition on the growth of Ostericum aquaticum, interplanting with apple can be considered when interplanting.

Key words: apple; pear; aqueous extract; Ostericum aquaticum; allelopathic effect

摘要：

【目的】 研究苹果树和梨树根(以下简称苹果根和梨根)浸提液对水防风药材种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应,为林药复合种植模式提供理论依据。【方法】 利用培养皿滤纸法分析苹果和梨根不同浓度水浸提液对受体植物种子的萌发、幼苗生长及幼苗鲜重的影响;采用营养钵育苗法,研究苹果根、梨根不同浓度水浸提液对受体植物生理指标的影响。【结果】 (1)苹果根浸提液对水防风种子生长和生理代谢具有明显的化感作用,随着浸提液浓度的增加,水防风种子的发芽率、鲜重和幼苗生长呈现出先增加后下降的趋势。不同浓度的苹果根浸提液对水防风幼苗的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶等生化指标亦存在显著差异。(2)梨根浸提液对水防风生长和生理代谢具有明显的化感作用,随着浸提液浓度的增加,水防风种子的发芽率、鲜重和幼苗生长呈现出先增加后下降的趋势。不同浓度的梨根浸提液对水防风幼苗的生理指标亦存在显著差异。(3)对各指标化感效应指数RI取平均值进行综合评价,苹果树和梨根浸提液对水防风生长均起抑制作用,且绝对值RI(梨)>RI(苹果)。【结论】 由于苹果对水防风生长抑制较小,因此在间套种时,可选择与苹果进行间套种。

关键词: 苹果, 梨, 水浸提液, 水防风, 化感效应

CLC Number:

S473

FENG Mei, CAO Yajun, XIAO Lijuan, WANG Huaqiang, ZHANG Feng, CHEN Gang, HUANG Peng, WANG Yongming, Diliyaer Kaisaier. Study of the allelopathic effects of apple and pear root extracts on the seed germination and seedling growth of Ostericum aquaticum[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 193-201.

冯梅, 曹亚军, 肖莉娟, 王华强, 张枫, 陈刚, 黄鹏, 王永明, 迪力亚尔·凯赛尔. 苹果树和梨树根浸提液对水防风药材种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 193-201.

Figures/Tables 11

References 28

[1]	陈超, 张蕊, 夏凡, 等. 黄香草木犀水浸提液对杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 种子, 2022, 41(6): 64-69.
	CHEN Chao, ZHANG Rui, XIA Fan, et al. Aqueous extraction of Melilotus officinalis on seed germination and seedling growth of weeds[J]. Seed, 2022, 41(6): 64-69.
[2]	范晟华. 两种苔类植物的次级代谢产物及其生物活性的研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2019.
	FAN Shenghua. Secondary Metabolites of Two Liverworts and Their Biological Activities[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2019.
[3]	刘俊华, 李玉玺, 李敏. 卵叶青藓水提液对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 种子, 2017, 36(5): 15-18, 22.
	LIU Junhua, LI Yuxi, LI Min. Research on the effects of the extraction of Brachythecium rutabulum on maize seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Seed, 2017, 36(5): 15-18, 22.
[4]	Li C Y, Yang X, Tian Y, et al. The effects of fig tree (Ficus carica L.) leaf aqueous extract on seed germination and seedling growth of three medicinal plants[J]. Agronomy, 2021, 11(12): 2564.
[5]	周娟娟, 魏巍, 谢文栋, 等. 燕麦植株浸提液对垂穗披碱草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用[J]. 中国草地学报, 2021, 43(8): 18-25.
	ZHOU Juanjuan, WEI Wei, XIE Wendong, et al. Allelopathic effect of oat (Avena sativa) aqueous extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus nutans[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2021, 43(8): 18-25.
[6]	许华森, 毕华兴, 高路博, 等. 晋西黄土区果农间作系统根系生态位特征[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(24): 69-73.
	XU Huasen, BI Huaxing, GAO Lubo, et al. Niche of roots in the economic tree and crop intercropping system in the western Shanxi Province of Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2013, 29(24): 69-73. DOI
[7]	陈锋, 孟永杰, 帅海威, 等. 植物化感物质对种子萌发的影响及其生态学意义[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(1): 36-46.
	CHEN Feng, MENG Yongjie, SHUAI Haiwei, et al. Effect of plant allelochemicals on seed germination and its ecological significance[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(1): 36-46.
[8]	侯玉平, 魏巍, 翟文婷, 等. 山东半岛丘陵生境优势树种凋落物对外来植物火炬树种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(6): 28-34.
	HOU Yuping, WEI Wei, ZHAI Wenting, et al. Effects of litter from dominant tree species on seed germination and seedling growth of exotic plant Rhus typhina in hilly areas in Shandong Peninsula[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(6): 28-34.
[9]	李晓峰, 王健, 黄丹, 等. 蒿属植物冰草在中国北方草原植物群落演替变化中的化感潜能[J]. 植物与土壤, 2011, 341(1/2): 383-398.
	LI Xiaofeng, WANG Jian, HUANG Dan, et al. The allelopathic potential of Artemisia species in the succession of plant communities in northern grasslands of China[J]. Plant and Soil, 2011, 341(1/2): 383-398.
[10]	Ĉepulienē R, Kosteckas R. Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of rape residues on winter wheat seed germination and early growth[J]. Food Agric Environ, 2012, 10(3-4): 1053-1057.
[11]	刘兴宇, 曾德慧. 农林复合系统种间关系研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(9): 1464-1470.
	LIU Xingyu, ZENG Dehui. Research advances in interspecific interactions in agroforestry system[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(9): 1464-1470.
[12]	Jalili A, Alipour S, Sadeghzade A. Allelopathic effects of juglone and decomposed walnut leaf juice on corn, cucumber, radish, onion and bread wheat seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2012, 9(2): 585-591.
[13]	侯林林, 张文娥, 李菲, 等. 铁核桃根与叶水浸提液对果园间作绿肥植物的化感作用及其生理机制[J]. 西北植物学报, 2018, 38(4): 713-722.
	HOU Linlin, ZHANG Wene, LI Fei, et al. Allelopathic comparison and physiological mechanism of aqueous extract from Juglans sigillata dode root and leaf on orchard intercropping green manure plants[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2018, 38(4): 713-722.
[14]	张权, 姚小华, 傅松玲. 山核桃青皮水浸提液对3种植物的化感作用研究[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2015, 42(6): 974-979.
	ZHANG Quan, YAO Xiaohua, FU Songling. Allelopathic effect of the water extract from the Carya cathayensis Sarg. Husk on seed germination and growth of three crops[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2015, 42(6): 974-979.
[15]	李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000: 134.
	LI Hesheng. Principles and techniques of plant physiological biochemical experiment[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000: 134.
[16]	林植芳, 李双顺, 林桂珠, 等. 水稻叶片的衰老与超氧物歧化酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的关系[J]. 植物学报, 1984, 26(6): 605-615.
	LIN Zhifang, LI Shuangshun, LIN Guizhu, et al. Superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation in relation to senescence of rice leaves[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 1984, 26(6): 605-615.
[17]	郝再彬, 苍晶, 徐仲. 植物生理实验[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2004: 65.
	HAO Zaibin, CANG Jing, XU Zhong. Plant Physiology Experiment[M]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 2004: 65.
[18]	任小林, 李嘉瑞. 杏果实成熟衰老过程中活性氧和几种生理指标的变化(简报)[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 1991, 27(1): 34-36.
	REN Xiaolin, LI Jiarui. Changes of active oxygen and some physiological indexes in the processes of maturation and senescence of apricot fruits[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 1991, 27(1): 34-36.
[19]	沈文飚, 叶茂炳, 徐朗莱. 小麦旗叶自然衰老过程中清除活性氧能力的变化[J]. 植物学报, 1997, 39(7): 634-640.
	SHEN Wenbiao, YE Maobing, XU Langlai. Changes in the ability to remove reactive oxygen species during the natural aging process of wheat flag leaves[J]. Journal of Botany, 1997, 39(7): 634-640.
[20]	Bruce Williamson G, Richardson D. Bioassays for allelopathy: Measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1988, 14(1): 181-187. DOI PMID
[21]	贾朋, 沈汝彬, 陈勇, 等. 尾巨桉叶片水提液对8种乡土树种的化感作用[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2021, 41(11): 27-34.
	JIA Peng, SHEN Rubin, CHEN Yong, et al. Allelopathic effects of aqueous leaf leachates of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis on eight native tree species[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2021, 41(11): 27-34.
[22]	刘雅婧, 蒙仲举, 党晓宏, 等. 狼毒浸提液对3种牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(8): 130-138. DOI
	LIU Yajing, MENG Zhongju, DANG Xiaohong, et al. Allelopathic effects of Stellera chamaejasme on seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa and two forage grasses[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(8): 130-138. DOI
[23]	Zhao JC, Yang ZY, Zou JQ, et al. Allelopathic effects of sesame extracts on seed germination of moso bamboo and identification of potential allelochemicals[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 6661.
[24]	古龙, 夏翩翩, 李建安. 黄菊对油茶林2种杂草萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用[J]. 经济林研究, 2020, 38(2): 34-45.
	GU Long, XIA Pianpian, LI Jian’an. Allelopathic effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium on seed germination and seedling growth of two weed species in Camellia oleifera forest[J]. Non-wood Forest Research, 2020, 38(2): 34-45.
[25]	李凤兰, 武佳文, 姚树宽, 等. 假苍耳不同部位水浸提液对5种土著植物化感作用的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(9): 169-178. DOI
	LI Fenglan, WU Jiawen, YAO Shukuan, et al. A study of the allelopathic effect of extracts from different parts of Iva xanthiifolia on five native species[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(9): 169-178. DOI
[26]	刘书彤, 王楠, 李建安. 油茶浸提液对2种牧草的化感作用[J]. 分子植物育种, 2020, 18(10): 3373-3381.
	LIU Shutong, WANG Nan, LI Jianan. Allelopathy of Camellia oleifera extract on two forage grass[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2020, 18(10): 3373-3381.
[27]	李敏, 闫兴富, 马丽, 等. 酚酸类化感自毒物质对枸杞种子萌发的抑制作用[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(6): 2072-2079.
	LI Min, YAN Xingfu, MA Li, et al. Allelopathic inhibition of phenolic acids on germination of Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum Linn.)[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(6): 2072-2079.
[28]	李琳琳, 刘建国, 燕鹏, 等. 不同外源酚酸化感物质组合对棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应[J]. 生态科学, 2019, 38(6): 115-119.
	LI Linlin, LIU Jianguo, YAN Peng, et al. Allelopathic effects of different combinations of phenolic acid allelochemicals on cotton seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Ecological Science, 2019, 38(6): 115-119.

浓度 Concent- ration (g/mL)	发芽率 Germin- ation rate(%)	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	芽长 Shoot length (cm)	根长 Root length (cm)
CK	90^a	0.17^d	3.5^b	0.7^a
0.002 5	60^c	0.17^d	4.12^ab	0.12^a
0.005	62.5^b	0.19^c	4.47^ab	0.2^a
0.025	55.56^d	0.22^a	5.06^ab	0.14^a
0.05	40^e	0.2^b	5.15^a	0.1^a

浓度 Concent- ration (g/mL)	发芽率 Germin- ation rate(%)	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	芽长 Shoot length (cm)	根长 Root length (cm)
CK	90^a	0.17^d	3.5^b	0.7^a
0.002 5	60^c	0.17^d	4.12^ab	0.12^a
0.005	62.5^b	0.19^c	4.47^ab	0.2^a
0.025	55.56^d	0.22^a	5.06^ab	0.14^a
0.05	40^e	0.2^b	5.15^a	0.1^a

浓度 Concentration (g/mL)	可溶性蛋白 sPRO (ng/g)	脯氨酸 Pro (ng/g)	可溶性糖 solublesugar (ng/g)	丙二醛 MDA (μmol/g)	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD (U/g)	过氧化物酶 POD (U/g)
CK	937.15^b	131.43^c	2 063.28^e	62.1^b	1 591.05^c	3.01^a
0.002 5	1 233.41^a	81.81^d	2 990.28^b	69.3^b	850.05^e	1.47^c
0.005	1 237.67^a	143.49^b	3 522.19^a	67.39^b	1 442.62^d	2.45^b
0.025	1 165.74^a	162.26^a	2 618.2^c	81.64^a	1 737.18^a	2.53^b
0.05	687.25^d	170.41^a	2 485.23^d	88.76^a	1 668.72^b	2.38^b

浓度 Concentration (g/mL)	可溶性蛋白 sPRO (ng/g)	脯氨酸 Pro (ng/g)	可溶性糖 solublesugar (ng/g)	丙二醛 MDA (μmol/g)	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD (U/g)	过氧化物酶 POD (U/g)
CK	937.15^b	131.43^c	2 063.28^e	62.1^b	1 591.05^c	3.01^a
0.002 5	1 233.41^a	81.81^d	2 990.28^b	69.3^b	850.05^e	1.47^c
0.005	1 237.67^a	143.49^b	3 522.19^a	67.39^b	1 442.62^d	2.45^b
0.025	1 165.74^a	162.26^a	2 618.2^c	81.64^a	1 737.18^a	2.53^b
0.05	687.25^d	170.41^a	2 485.23^d	88.76^a	1 668.72^b	2.38^b

浓度 Concen- tration (g/mL)	发芽率 Germin- ation rate (%)	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	芽长 Shoot length (cm)	根长 Root length (cm)
CK	80^c	0.019 2^c	1.78^a	1.01^a
0.002 5	100^a	0.022 8^b	2.1^a	0.78^ab
0.005	83.33^b	0.023^ab	2.44^a	0.56^ab
0.025	66.67^d	0.024 7^a	2.06^a	0.48^ab
0.05	50^e	0.019 9^c	1.81^a	0.36^b