Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 127-135.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.014
• Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles
WANG Jin1(), DIAO Yongqiang1,2(
), GUO Xiuling1, CHEN Yiyu1, QIN Deming1, LUO Bingyu1, LIU Jun1,2
Received:
2023-05-17
Online:
2024-01-20
Published:
2024-02-21
Correspondence author:
DIAO Yongqiang(1981-),male,Jiangjin,Chongqing,Senior engineer,Master,research field:fruit germplasm resources and fruit cultivation,(E-mail)Supported by:
王瑾1(), 刁永强1,2(
), 郭秀玲1, 陈伊宇1, 秦德明1, 罗秉瑜1, 刘君1,2
通讯作者:
刁永强(1981-),男,重庆江津人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为果树种质资源及栽培,(E-mail)作者简介:
王瑾(1983-),女,四川西充人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为果树种质资源及栽培,(E-mail)119338714@qq.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
WANG Jin, DIAO Yongqiang, GUO Xiuling, CHEN Yiyu, QIN Deming, LUO Bingyu, LIU Jun. Preliminary study on adaptability of new apple variety ruiyang in Ili Valley in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(1): 127-135.
王瑾, 刁永强, 郭秀玲, 陈伊宇, 秦德明, 罗秉瑜, 刘君. 苹果新品种瑞阳在新疆伊犁河谷的引种适应性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 127-135.
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 树姿 Tree perfor mance | 树型 Tree- struct ured | 树势 Tree vigor | 一年生枝 Annual branch | 一年生 枝颜色 Color of annual branch | 一年生枝皮孔 Bark pores of annual branch | 一年生 枝茸毛 Hairy of annual branch | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
长度 Length (cm) | 节间长 Internode length (cm) | 粗度 Coar seness (mm) | 数量多少 Number | 颜色 Color | 大小 Size | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 较开张 | 分支形 | 中庸 | 47.62 | 3.02 | 4.82 | 红褐色 | 少 | 白 | 小 | 多 | ||||||||||||||||||
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 较开张 | 分支形 | 强 | 45.50 | 3.17 | 4.56 | 红褐色 | 多 | 白 | 小 | 多 | ||||||||||||||||||
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 叶柄长度 Petiole length (cm) | 叶片长度 Blade length (cm) | 叶片宽度 Blade width (cm) | 叶片颜色 Leaf color | 叶尖形状 Leaf tip shape | 叶缘 Leaf margin | 叶姿 Leaf posture | 叶面状态 Leaf status | 幼叶颜色 Color of young leaves | ||||||||||||||||||||
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 2.88 | 8.07 | 4.64 | 浓绿 | 锐尖 | 复锯齿 | 斜向上 | 平展 | 淡绿 | ||||||||||||||||||||
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 3.15 | 7.87 | 4.75 | 浓绿 | 渐尖 | 锐锯齿 | 斜向上 | 平展 | 淡绿 | ||||||||||||||||||||
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 叶芽 Leaf bud | 花芽 Flower bud | 每花序 花朵数 Number of flowers per inflor escence | 花冠大小 Petal size (cm) | 花蕾颜色 Color of flower bud | 花瓣相 对位置 Petal position | 花瓣形状 Petal shape | 重瓣性 Polyphyll | 花瓣颜色 Color of petal | ||||||||||||||||||||
形状 Shape | 茸毛 Hairiness | 大小 Size | 形状 Shape | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 三角形、贴生 | 多 | 中大 | 圆锥形 | 4-6 | 4.23 | 红 | 邻接 | 卵圆形 | 无 | 白色 | ||||||||||||||||||
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 三角形、贴生 | 多 | 大 | 圆锥形 | 5-7 | 4.63 | 粉红 | 离生 | 卵圆形 | 无 | 白色 |
Tab.1 Botanical characteristics of Ruiyang apple
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 树姿 Tree perfor mance | 树型 Tree- struct ured | 树势 Tree vigor | 一年生枝 Annual branch | 一年生 枝颜色 Color of annual branch | 一年生枝皮孔 Bark pores of annual branch | 一年生 枝茸毛 Hairy of annual branch | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
长度 Length (cm) | 节间长 Internode length (cm) | 粗度 Coar seness (mm) | 数量多少 Number | 颜色 Color | 大小 Size | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 较开张 | 分支形 | 中庸 | 47.62 | 3.02 | 4.82 | 红褐色 | 少 | 白 | 小 | 多 | ||||||||||||||||||
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 较开张 | 分支形 | 强 | 45.50 | 3.17 | 4.56 | 红褐色 | 多 | 白 | 小 | 多 | ||||||||||||||||||
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 叶柄长度 Petiole length (cm) | 叶片长度 Blade length (cm) | 叶片宽度 Blade width (cm) | 叶片颜色 Leaf color | 叶尖形状 Leaf tip shape | 叶缘 Leaf margin | 叶姿 Leaf posture | 叶面状态 Leaf status | 幼叶颜色 Color of young leaves | ||||||||||||||||||||
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 2.88 | 8.07 | 4.64 | 浓绿 | 锐尖 | 复锯齿 | 斜向上 | 平展 | 淡绿 | ||||||||||||||||||||
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 3.15 | 7.87 | 4.75 | 浓绿 | 渐尖 | 锐锯齿 | 斜向上 | 平展 | 淡绿 | ||||||||||||||||||||
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 叶芽 Leaf bud | 花芽 Flower bud | 每花序 花朵数 Number of flowers per inflor escence | 花冠大小 Petal size (cm) | 花蕾颜色 Color of flower bud | 花瓣相 对位置 Petal position | 花瓣形状 Petal shape | 重瓣性 Polyphyll | 花瓣颜色 Color of petal | ||||||||||||||||||||
形状 Shape | 茸毛 Hairiness | 大小 Size | 形状 Shape | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 三角形、贴生 | 多 | 中大 | 圆锥形 | 4-6 | 4.23 | 红 | 邻接 | 卵圆形 | 无 | 白色 | ||||||||||||||||||
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 三角形、贴生 | 多 | 大 | 圆锥形 | 5-7 | 4.63 | 粉红 | 离生 | 卵圆形 | 无 | 白色 |
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 萌芽期 Sprouting time | 初花期 Initial flowering | 盛花期 Flores cence | 终花期 Final flowering | 开花持 续天数 Flowering days (d) | 果实 着色期 Fruit coloring period | 果实 成熟期 Fruit ripening period | 果实发 育天数 Fruit growth period(d) | 落叶期 Abscission period | 营养生 长天数 Growth days (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 3.28 | 4.16 | 4.18 | 4.24 | 9 | 9月上旬 | 10月中旬 | 174 | 11月底 | 246 |
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 3.28 | 4.14 | 4.17 | 4.23 | 10 | 8月下旬 | 10月下旬 | 185 | 11月底 | 245 |
Tab.2 Investigation on phenological period of Ruiyang apple(qapqal county thousand mu base,2021)
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 萌芽期 Sprouting time | 初花期 Initial flowering | 盛花期 Flores cence | 终花期 Final flowering | 开花持 续天数 Flowering days (d) | 果实 着色期 Fruit coloring period | 果实 成熟期 Fruit ripening period | 果实发 育天数 Fruit growth period(d) | 落叶期 Abscission period | 营养生 长天数 Growth days (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 3.28 | 4.16 | 4.18 | 4.24 | 9 | 9月上旬 | 10月中旬 | 174 | 11月底 | 246 |
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 3.28 | 4.14 | 4.17 | 4.23 | 10 | 8月下旬 | 10月下旬 | 185 | 11月底 | 245 |
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 萌芽期 Sprouting time | 初花期 Initial flowering | 盛花期 Flores cence | 终花期 Final flowering | 开花持 续天数 Flowering days (d) | 果实 着色期 Fruit coloring period | 果实 成熟期 Fruit ripening period | 果实发 育天数 Fruit growth period(d) | 落叶期 Abscission period | 营养生 长天数 Growth days (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 4.2 | 4.17 | 4.21 | 4.26 | 9 | 9月上旬 | 10月中旬 | 174 | 12月上旬 | 246 |
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 3.31 | 4.17 | 4.20 | 4.28 | 11 | 8月下旬 | 10月下旬 | 185 | 11月底 | 245 |
Tab.3 Investigation on phenological period of Ruiyang apple(Hainuke township of qapqal county,Musi Town Nilek County,Kalabura Town,Xinyuan County, 2021)
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 萌芽期 Sprouting time | 初花期 Initial flowering | 盛花期 Flores cence | 终花期 Final flowering | 开花持 续天数 Flowering days (d) | 果实 着色期 Fruit coloring period | 果实 成熟期 Fruit ripening period | 果实发 育天数 Fruit growth period(d) | 落叶期 Abscission period | 营养生 长天数 Growth days (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 4.2 | 4.17 | 4.21 | 4.26 | 9 | 9月上旬 | 10月中旬 | 174 | 12月上旬 | 246 |
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 3.31 | 4.17 | 4.20 | 4.28 | 11 | 8月下旬 | 10月下旬 | 185 | 11月底 | 245 |
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 萌芽率 Sprouting percentage | 成枝力 Branching force | 长枝比例 Long branch ratio (%) | 中枝比例 Middle branche ratio (%) | 短枝比例 Short branch ratio (%) | 连续结 果能力 Continuous result ability | 始果年龄 (年) Bearing age (year) | 丰产性 Prolificacy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 高 | 强 | 28.20 | 15.4 | 56.4 | 强 | 2 | 丰产 |
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 高 | 中等 | 25.6 | 10.3 | 64.1 | 强 | 2~3 | 丰产 |
Tab.4 Growth and fruiting habits of Ruiyang apple
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 萌芽率 Sprouting percentage | 成枝力 Branching force | 长枝比例 Long branch ratio (%) | 中枝比例 Middle branche ratio (%) | 短枝比例 Short branch ratio (%) | 连续结 果能力 Continuous result ability | 始果年龄 (年) Bearing age (year) | 丰产性 Prolificacy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 高 | 强 | 28.20 | 15.4 | 56.4 | 强 | 2 | 丰产 |
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji | 高 | 中等 | 25.6 | 10.3 | 64.1 | 强 | 2~3 | 丰产 |
砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination | 苗高 Heigh (m) | 基砧粗 Rootstock diameter (cm) | 中间砧粗 Interme- diate stock thick (cm) | 品种苗粗 Seedling diameter of varieties (cm) | 分枝量 Number of branching (个) | 嫁接愈 合情况 Grafting healing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
新疆野苹果/俄396/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/Russia 396/Ruiyang | 1.78 | 1.73 | 1.29 | 1.27 | 4 | 嫁接亲和性好,生长基本正常, 分枝少或无分枝,有小脚现象 |
新疆野苹果/KM23/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/KM23/Ruiyang | 1.89 | 1.78 | 1.49 | 1.17 | 14 | 嫁接亲和性强,生长正常, 分枝量多,抗苹果枝枯病 |
新疆野苹果/Y-1/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/Y-1/Ruiyang | 2.06 | 1.60 | 1.19 | 1.02 | 2 | 嫁接愈合良好,生长量大,但分枝少 或无分枝,对苹果枝枯病较敏感 |
新疆野苹果/M26/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/M26/Ruiyang | 1.82 | 1.97 | 1.67 | 1.24 | 11 | 嫁接亲和性好,苗木生长正常, 但幼树期有黄化现象 |
青砧1号/瑞阳 Qingzhen 1/Ruiyang | 1.87 | 1.69 | 1.23 | 1.05 | 5 | 嫁接亲和性较好,苗木生长正常, 但分枝少 |
Tab.5 Survey on seedling growth of different rootstock and spike combinations of Ruiyang apple in 2021
砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination | 苗高 Heigh (m) | 基砧粗 Rootstock diameter (cm) | 中间砧粗 Interme- diate stock thick (cm) | 品种苗粗 Seedling diameter of varieties (cm) | 分枝量 Number of branching (个) | 嫁接愈 合情况 Grafting healing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
新疆野苹果/俄396/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/Russia 396/Ruiyang | 1.78 | 1.73 | 1.29 | 1.27 | 4 | 嫁接亲和性好,生长基本正常, 分枝少或无分枝,有小脚现象 |
新疆野苹果/KM23/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/KM23/Ruiyang | 1.89 | 1.78 | 1.49 | 1.17 | 14 | 嫁接亲和性强,生长正常, 分枝量多,抗苹果枝枯病 |
新疆野苹果/Y-1/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/Y-1/Ruiyang | 2.06 | 1.60 | 1.19 | 1.02 | 2 | 嫁接愈合良好,生长量大,但分枝少 或无分枝,对苹果枝枯病较敏感 |
新疆野苹果/M26/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/M26/Ruiyang | 1.82 | 1.97 | 1.67 | 1.24 | 11 | 嫁接亲和性好,苗木生长正常, 但幼树期有黄化现象 |
青砧1号/瑞阳 Qingzhen 1/Ruiyang | 1.87 | 1.69 | 1.23 | 1.05 | 5 | 嫁接亲和性较好,苗木生长正常, 但分枝少 |
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 回归方程 Regression equation | 半致死 温度 LT50 (℃) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient R2 |
---|---|---|---|
瑞阳 Ruiyang | y=98.991 8/(1+6.614 3e-0.062 5x) | -30.2 | 0.93 |
瑞雪 Ruixue | y=99.215 7/(1+7.765 4e-0.073 1x) | -28.0 | 0.96 |
伊美 Envy | y=107.664 1/(1+9.128 8e-0.080 9x) | -27.3 | 0.91 |
Tab.6 Semilethal temperature of annual branches after low temperature treatment
苹果 品种 Apple variety | 回归方程 Regression equation | 半致死 温度 LT50 (℃) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient R2 |
---|---|---|---|
瑞阳 Ruiyang | y=98.991 8/(1+6.614 3e-0.062 5x) | -30.2 | 0.93 |
瑞雪 Ruixue | y=99.215 7/(1+7.765 4e-0.073 1x) | -28.0 | 0.96 |
伊美 Envy | y=107.664 1/(1+9.128 8e-0.080 9x) | -27.3 | 0.91 |
苹果 品种 Apple variety | -28℃ | -32℃ | -36℃ | -40℃ | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
处理枝条数 | 0级 | Ⅰ级 | Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ级 | Ⅳ级 | 处理枝条数 | 0级 | Ⅰ级 | Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ级 | Ⅳ级 | 处理枝条数 | 0级 | Ⅰ级 | Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ级 | Ⅳ级 | 处理枝条数 | 0级 | Ⅰ级 | Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ级 | Ⅳ级 | |
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 15 | 15 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 10 | 14 | 5 | 9 | ||||||||||||
瑞雪 Ruixue | 6 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||
伊美 Envy | 13 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 16 | 4 | 12 | 17 | 7 | 10 | 16 | 5 | 11 |
Tab.7 Frost damage grading table of different apple varieties after low temperature treatment
苹果 品种 Apple variety | -28℃ | -32℃ | -36℃ | -40℃ | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
处理枝条数 | 0级 | Ⅰ级 | Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ级 | Ⅳ级 | 处理枝条数 | 0级 | Ⅰ级 | Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ级 | Ⅳ级 | 处理枝条数 | 0级 | Ⅰ级 | Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ级 | Ⅳ级 | 处理枝条数 | 0级 | Ⅰ级 | Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ级 | Ⅳ级 | |
瑞阳 Ruiyang | 15 | 15 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 10 | 14 | 5 | 9 | ||||||||||||
瑞雪 Ruixue | 6 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||
伊美 Envy | 13 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 16 | 4 | 12 | 17 | 7 | 10 | 16 | 5 | 11 |
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