Preliminary study on adaptability of new apple variety ruiyang in Ili Valley in Xinjiang

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.014

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 127-135.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.014

• Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Preliminary study on adaptability of new apple variety ruiyang in Ili Valley in Xinjiang

WANG Jin¹(), DIAO Yongqiang¹^,²(), GUO Xiuling¹, CHEN Yiyu¹, QIN Deming¹, LUO Bingyu¹, LIU Jun¹^,²

1. Xinjiang Ili kazakh Autonomous prefecture forestry science research institute,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China
2. Yili Comprehensive Experiment Station of China Apple Research System,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China

Received:2023-05-17 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-02-21
Correspondence author: DIAO Yongqiang(1981-),male,Jiangjin,Chongqing,Senior engineer,Master,research field:fruit germplasm resources and fruit cultivation,(E-mail)diaoyongqiang@sina.com
Supported by:
Special Project of Regional Collaborative Innovation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Introduction,Breeding and Cultivation Technique Demonstration of New Apple Variety Ruiyang”(2020E0223);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-27)

苹果新品种瑞阳在新疆伊犁河谷的引种适应性分析

王瑾¹(), 刁永强¹^,²(), 郭秀玲¹, 陈伊宇¹, 秦德明¹, 罗秉瑜¹, 刘君¹^,²

1.新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁 835000
2.国家苹果产业技术体系伊犁综合试验站,新疆伊宁 835000

通讯作者: 刁永强(1981-),男,重庆江津人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为果树种质资源及栽培,(E-mail)diaoyongqiang@sina.com
作者简介:王瑾(1983-),女,四川西充人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为果树种质资源及栽培,(E-mail)119338714@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项项目“苹果新品种瑞阳引进繁育及栽培技术示范”(2020E0223);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-27)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to explore the growth performance and adaptability of new apple variety Ruiyang in Ili Valley in order to provide theoretical basis for reasonable planning and layout of apple varieties in that area. 【Methods】 Regional cultivation experiment for the introduced new apple variety Ruiyang,the main tested variety is Ruiyang,the control varieties are Ruixue and Yimei. Phenological period,botanical characters,affinity and seed setting of different rootstock-spike combinations were investigated in the field. Taking one-year-old dormant branches as testing materials,the electrolyte permeability of branches of three apple varieties such as Ruiyang under different low temperature treatments was measured by conductivity method,and the low temperature semi-lethal temperature of Ruiyang branches was calculated by Logistic equation. 【Results】 Studies have shown that the tree posture of Ruiyang apple was moderate,and the tree posture was relatively open in Ili. The annual branch color was red-brown,with an average length of 47.62 cm,internode length of 3.02 cm,and branch diameter of 4.82 mm;The average length of leaves was 8.07 cm,the width was 4.64 cm;The color of leaves was thick green,with complex sawtooth;Flower buds was conical,4-6 flowers per inflorescence,corolla size averaged 4.23 cm. The germination period of Ruiyang was concentrated in the end of March to early April,the flowering period was in the middle and late April,the flowering duration was 9-11 days,and the deciduous period was in the end of November to early December. Fruit development was 174 days,shorter than Fuji 11 days,vegetative growth 246 days,fruit got ripe in mid-October. Through field investigation,the grafting mouth of Malus sieversii/KM23/Ruiyang rootstock-scion combination seedlings generally healed well,the seedlings grew normally with strong disease resistance,and some plants had strong flowering ability. Combined with the classification of freezing injury after low temperature treatment,the semi-lethal temperature(LT₅₀ ) of Ruiyang was determined to be -30.2℃. 【Conclusion】 Ruiyang can adapt to the local climate environment since introduced into the Ili Valley with the characteristics of high quality,good color appearance,strong resistance and adaptability. It is a mid-late maturing apple variety with excellent comprehensive properties. It is suitable for planting in the temperature inversion region of 800 m-1,200 m along the mountain on the sunny slope of Ili. The Malus sieversii/KM23/Ruiyang was preliminarily selected as the rootstock-spike combination suitable for cultivation in Ili.

Key words: Ruiyang apple; species introduction; cold tolerance; adaptability

摘要：

【目的】研究苹果新品种瑞阳在新疆伊犁河谷的生长表现及适应性,为伊犁河谷苹果品种合理规划布局提供理论依据。【方法】对引进的苹果新品种瑞阳设置区域栽培试验,主测品种瑞阳,对照品种分别是瑞雪和伊美,田间调查物候期、植物学性状,分析不同砧穗组合的亲和性、结实性等;以1年生休眠枝条作为材料,采用电导法测定瑞阳等3个苹果品种枝条在不同低温处理下的抗寒性,采用Logistic方程计算瑞阳苹果枝条的低温半致死温度。【结果】瑞阳苹果在伊犁河谷表现为树势中庸,树姿较开张,一年生枝颜色红褐色,平均长度47.62 cm,节间长3.02 cm,枝粗4.82 mm;叶片平均长8.07 cm,宽4.64 cm,叶片颜色浓绿,有复锯齿;花芽为圆锥形,每花序花朵数4~6朵,花冠大小平均为4.23 cm。瑞阳苹果在伊犁河谷萌芽期集中在3月底至4月初,花期在4月中下旬,开花持续天数9~11 d,落叶期在11月底至12月上旬。果实发育天数174 d,较富士短11 d,营养生长天数246 d,果实10月中旬成熟。新疆野苹果/KM23/瑞阳砧穗组合苗嫁接口普遍愈合良好,苗木生长正常,抗病性强,部分单株成花能力强,结合低温处理后的冻害分级,确定瑞阳的半致死温度(LT₅₀) 为-30.2℃。【结论】瑞阳苹果引入伊犁河谷以来能够适应本地气候环境,具有品质佳、外观着色好、抗性和适应性强等特点,是一个综合性状优良的中晚熟苹果品种,可在新疆伊犁河谷阳坡沿山800~1 200 m的逆温带区域栽植,矮化栽培可以选择新疆野苹果/KM23/瑞阳为适宜的砧穗组合。

关键词: 瑞阳苹果, 引种, 抗寒性, 适应性

CLC Number:

S661.1

WANG Jin, DIAO Yongqiang, GUO Xiuling, CHEN Yiyu, QIN Deming, LUO Bingyu, LIU Jun. Preliminary study on adaptability of new apple variety ruiyang in Ili Valley in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(1): 127-135.

王瑾, 刁永强, 郭秀玲, 陈伊宇, 秦德明, 罗秉瑜, 刘君. 苹果新品种瑞阳在新疆伊犁河谷的引种适应性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 127-135.

Figures/Tables 8

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苹果品种 Apple variety	树姿 Tree perfor mance			树型 Tree- struct ured		树势 Tree vigor		一年生枝 Annual branch								一年生枝颜色 Color of annual branch			一年生枝皮孔 Bark pores of annual branch									一年生枝茸毛 Hairy of annual branch
苹果品种 Apple variety	树姿 Tree perfor mance			树型 Tree- struct ured		树势 Tree vigor		长度 Length (cm)			节间长 Internode length (cm)		粗度 Coar seness (mm)			一年生枝颜色 Color of annual branch			数量多少 Number			颜色 Color			大小 Size			一年生枝茸毛 Hairy of annual branch
瑞阳 Ruiyang	较开张			分支形		中庸		47.62			3.02		4.82			红褐色			少			白			小			多
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji	较开张			分支形		强		45.50			3.17		4.56			红褐色			多			白			小			多
苹果品种 Apple variety			叶柄长度 Petiole length (cm)		叶片长度 Blade length (cm)				叶片宽度 Blade width (cm)			叶片颜色 Leaf color		叶尖形状 Leaf tip shape				叶缘 Leaf margin			叶姿 Leaf posture			叶面状态 Leaf status			幼叶颜色 Color of young leaves
瑞阳 Ruiyang			2.88		8.07				4.64			浓绿		锐尖				复锯齿			斜向上			平展			淡绿
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji			3.15		7.87				4.75			浓绿		渐尖				锐锯齿			斜向上			平展			淡绿
苹果品种 Apple variety		叶芽 Leaf bud					花芽 Flower bud				每花序花朵数 Number of flowers per inflor escence				花冠大小 Petal size (cm)		花蕾颜色 Color of flower bud			花瓣相对位置 Petal position			花瓣形状 Petal shape			重瓣性 Polyphyll			花瓣颜色 Color of petal
苹果品种 Apple variety		形状 Shape			茸毛 Hairiness		大小 Size			形状 Shape	每花序花朵数 Number of flowers per inflor escence				花冠大小 Petal size (cm)		花蕾颜色 Color of flower bud			花瓣相对位置 Petal position			花瓣形状 Petal shape			重瓣性 Polyphyll			花瓣颜色 Color of petal
瑞阳 Ruiyang		三角形、贴生			多		中大			圆锥形	4-6				4.23		红			邻接			卵圆形			无			白色
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji		三角形、贴生			多		大			圆锥形	5-7				4.63		粉红			离生			卵圆形			无			白色

苹果品种 Apple variety	树姿 Tree perfor mance			树型 Tree- struct ured		树势 Tree vigor		一年生枝 Annual branch								一年生枝颜色 Color of annual branch			一年生枝皮孔 Bark pores of annual branch									一年生枝茸毛 Hairy of annual branch
苹果品种 Apple variety	树姿 Tree perfor mance			树型 Tree- struct ured		树势 Tree vigor		长度 Length (cm)			节间长 Internode length (cm)		粗度 Coar seness (mm)			一年生枝颜色 Color of annual branch			数量多少 Number			颜色 Color			大小 Size			一年生枝茸毛 Hairy of annual branch
瑞阳 Ruiyang	较开张			分支形		中庸		47.62			3.02		4.82			红褐色			少			白			小			多
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji	较开张			分支形		强		45.50			3.17		4.56			红褐色			多			白			小			多
苹果品种 Apple variety			叶柄长度 Petiole length (cm)		叶片长度 Blade length (cm)				叶片宽度 Blade width (cm)			叶片颜色 Leaf color		叶尖形状 Leaf tip shape				叶缘 Leaf margin			叶姿 Leaf posture			叶面状态 Leaf status			幼叶颜色 Color of young leaves
瑞阳 Ruiyang			2.88		8.07				4.64			浓绿		锐尖				复锯齿			斜向上			平展			淡绿
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji			3.15		7.87				4.75			浓绿		渐尖				锐锯齿			斜向上			平展			淡绿
苹果品种 Apple variety		叶芽 Leaf bud					花芽 Flower bud				每花序花朵数 Number of flowers per inflor escence				花冠大小 Petal size (cm)		花蕾颜色 Color of flower bud			花瓣相对位置 Petal position			花瓣形状 Petal shape			重瓣性 Polyphyll			花瓣颜色 Color of petal
苹果品种 Apple variety		形状 Shape			茸毛 Hairiness		大小 Size			形状 Shape	每花序花朵数 Number of flowers per inflor escence				花冠大小 Petal size (cm)		花蕾颜色 Color of flower bud			花瓣相对位置 Petal position			花瓣形状 Petal shape			重瓣性 Polyphyll			花瓣颜色 Color of petal
瑞阳 Ruiyang		三角形、贴生			多		中大			圆锥形	4-6				4.23		红			邻接			卵圆形			无			白色
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji		三角形、贴生			多		大			圆锥形	5-7				4.63		粉红			离生			卵圆形			无			白色

苹果品种 Apple variety	萌芽期 Sprouting time	初花期 Initial flowering	盛花期 Flores cence	终花期 Final flowering	开花持续天数 Flowering days (d)	果实着色期 Fruit coloring period	果实成熟期 Fruit ripening period	果实发育天数 Fruit growth period(d)	落叶期 Abscission period	营养生长天数 Growth days (d)
瑞阳 Ruiyang	3.28	4.16	4.18	4.24	9	9月上旬	10月中旬	174	11月底	246
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji	3.28	4.14	4.17	4.23	10	8月下旬	10月下旬	185	11月底	245

苹果品种 Apple variety	萌芽期 Sprouting time	初花期 Initial flowering	盛花期 Flores cence	终花期 Final flowering	开花持续天数 Flowering days (d)	果实着色期 Fruit coloring period	果实成熟期 Fruit ripening period	果实发育天数 Fruit growth period(d)	落叶期 Abscission period	营养生长天数 Growth days (d)
瑞阳 Ruiyang	3.28	4.16	4.18	4.24	9	9月上旬	10月中旬	174	11月底	246
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji	3.28	4.14	4.17	4.23	10	8月下旬	10月下旬	185	11月底	245

苹果品种 Apple variety	萌芽期 Sprouting time	初花期 Initial flowering	盛花期 Flores cence	终花期 Final flowering	开花持续天数 Flowering days (d)	果实着色期 Fruit coloring period	果实成熟期 Fruit ripening period	果实发育天数 Fruit growth period(d)	落叶期 Abscission period	营养生长天数 Growth days (d)
瑞阳 Ruiyang	4.2	4.17	4.21	4.26	9	9月上旬	10月中旬	174	12月上旬	246
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji	3.31	4.17	4.20	4.28	11	8月下旬	10月下旬	185	11月底	245

Preliminary study on adaptability of new apple variety ruiyang in Ili Valley in Xinjiang

苹果新品种瑞阳在新疆伊犁河谷的引种适应性分析

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苹果品种 Apple variety	萌芽率 Sprouting percentage	成枝力 Branching force	长枝比例 Long branch ratio (%)	中枝比例 Middle branche ratio (%)	短枝比例 Short branch ratio (%)	连续结果能力 Continuous result ability	始果年龄 (年) Bearing age (year)	丰产性 Prolificacy
瑞阳 Ruiyang	高	强	28.20	15.4	56.4	强	2	丰产
宫崎短枝富士 Miyazakifuji	高	中等	25.6	10.3	64.1	强	2~3	丰产

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	苗高 Heigh (m)	基砧粗 Rootstock diameter (cm)	中间砧粗 Interme- diate stock thick (cm)	品种苗粗 Seedling diameter of varieties (cm)	分枝量 Number of branching (个)	嫁接愈合情况 Grafting healing
新疆野苹果/俄396/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/Russia 396/Ruiyang	1.78	1.73	1.29	1.27	4	嫁接亲和性好,生长基本正常, 分枝少或无分枝,有小脚现象
新疆野苹果/KM23/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/KM23/Ruiyang	1.89	1.78	1.49	1.17	14	嫁接亲和性强,生长正常, 分枝量多,抗苹果枝枯病
新疆野苹果/Y-1/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/Y-1/Ruiyang	2.06	1.60	1.19	1.02	2	嫁接愈合良好,生长量大,但分枝少或无分枝,对苹果枝枯病较敏感
新疆野苹果/M26/瑞阳 Malus sieversii/M26/Ruiyang	1.82	1.97	1.67	1.24	11	嫁接亲和性好,苗木生长正常, 但幼树期有黄化现象
青砧1号/瑞阳 Qingzhen 1/Ruiyang	1.87	1.69	1.23	1.05	5	嫁接亲和性较好,苗木生长正常, 但分枝少

苹果品种 Apple variety	回归方程 Regression equation	半致死温度 LT₅₀ (℃)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient R²
瑞阳 Ruiyang	y=98.991 8/(1+6.614 3e^-0^.^{062 5}^x)	-30.2	0.93
瑞雪 Ruixue	y=99.215 7/(1+7.765 4e^-0^.^{073 1}^x)	-28.0	0.96
伊美 Envy	y=107.664 1/(1+9.128 8e^-0^.^{080 9}^x)	-27.3	0.91

苹果品种 Apple variety	-28℃						-32℃						-36℃						-40℃
苹果品种 Apple variety	处理枝条数	0级	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅳ级	处理枝条数	0级	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅳ级	处理枝条数	0级	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅳ级	处理枝条数	0级	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅳ级
瑞阳 Ruiyang	15	15					14		3		7	4	13				3	10	14				5	9
瑞雪 Ruixue	6			3	3		7				2	5	6					6	6				2	4
伊美 Envy	13	0	2	3	3	5	16				4	12	17				7	10	16				5	11

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