Effects of model transformation on canopy characteristics and mechanical adaptability of individual and community of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao tree

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.017

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 925-934.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.017

• Horticultural Special Local Products·Forestry·Facility Agriculture • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of model transformation on canopy characteristics and mechanical adaptability of individual and community of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao tree

WANG Wenjun¹(), CHEN Qiling¹(), ZHENG Qiangqing¹, WANG Jingjing¹, ZHANG Guibing², LI Haixia³

1. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences/Xinjiang Production & Construction Crop Key Laboratory of Korla Fragrant Pear Germplasm innovation and quality improvement and efficiency increment, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
2. Agricultural Development Service Center of the 10th Regiment of 1st Division, XPCC, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China
3. Agricultural Development Service Center of the 9th Regiment of 1st Division, XPCC, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2022-09-15 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-05-06
Correspondence author: CHEN Qiling(1970-), male, born in Nanchong, Sichuan Province, researcher, undergraduate, mainly engaged in the physiological research of high-quality and efficient cultivation of fruit trees, (E-mail)Cql619@163.com
Supported by:
Open Project of XPCC “Integration and Demonstration of the Key Technology of Jujube Garden Density Transformation in Southern Xinjiang”;Major Science and Technology Project of XPCC “Research and Demonstration and Promotion of Simple Cultivation Standardization Mode of Characteristic Forest and Fruit Industry (Red Jujube, Apple, Fragrant Pear and Grape)”(2019AA004);Major Science and Technology Project of XPCC “Research and Application of Developmental Physiological Characteristics and Key Regulation Technology of Trunk Fruit Orchard”(2021AA005);Key Technology Research and Demonstration of Green Standardized Prevention and Control of Jujube Pests and Diseases"(S202202NY015);Scientific Research Conditions Construction Plan Project in Southern Xinjiang “The Key Laboratory of Korla Fragrant Pear Germplasm Innovation, Quality and Efficiency Improvement of the XPCC”(2020DA004)

模式改造对灰枣树个体和群体冠层特性及机械适应性的影响

王文军¹(), 陈奇凌¹(), 郑强卿¹, 王晶晶¹, 张桂兵², 李海霞³

1.新疆农垦科学院林园研究所/库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
2.新疆生产建设兵团第一师十团农业发展服务中心,新疆阿拉尔 843300
3.新疆生产建设兵团第一师九团农业发展服务中心,新疆阿拉尔 843300

通讯作者: 陈奇凌(1970-),男,四川南充人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为果树优质高效栽培生理,(E-mail)Cql619@163.com
作者简介:王文军(1992-),男,四川仪陇人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为果树优质高效栽培生理,(E-mail)835024432@qq.com
基金资助:
兵团开放课题“南疆枣园疏密改造关键技术集成与示范”;兵团重大科技项目“特色林果业(红枣、苹果、香梨和葡萄)简约栽培标准化模式研究与示范推广”(2019AA004);兵团重大科技项目“主干结果型果园发育生理特征及调节关键技术研究与应用”(2021AA005);兵团第一师项目“红枣病虫害绿色标准化防控关键技术研究与示范”(S202202NY015);南疆科研条件建设计划项目“库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室”(2020DA004)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the canopy characteristics of different cultivation modes of jujube and analyze the differences and correlation of canopy characteristics of jujube individuals and populations between different models in the hope of seeking a suitable cultivation mode for intensive, mechanized and standardized production of jujube.【Methods】3-4-year-old Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao trees were used as research materials to set the plant row spacing 1.0×1.5 (m), and the tree shape was the original cultivation mode (CK) of evacuation and stratification. Some of them were transformed into plant row spacing of 1.0×4.5 (m) fence shape, trunk shape and "Y" shape, and three new models with crown height were controlled at about 2.5 m. M₁, M₂, M₃. In this experiment, the new model after transformation was used as the experimental group and the original planting model as the control (CK). The plant height, crown width, operation spacing, individual and population canopy characteristics of jujube trees in each model from May to July were analyzed and studied.【Results】The plant height of M₂ was the highest and that of M₁ was the lowest. There was no significant difference between M₁ and M₃ and CK in June and July. The plant height of each model was about 2.5 m and grew well; From May to July, M₁ crown width was significantly the smallest, M₁ was 89.1 cm, 13.1% smaller than CK; There was no significant difference between M₂ and CK, M₂ was 99.0 cm; The crown width of M₃ was significantly the largest, and M₃ was 139.0 cm; The new mode greatly improved the operation spacing of jujube garden, M₁ and M₂ exceeded 3.0 m, which was convenient for all kinds of agricultural machinery to enter the garden for operation, and M₃ was about 2.7 m; The model transformation significantly reduced the leaf area index (LAI) of individual and population, and significantly increased the non interception scattering (DIFN), transmittance (TRANS) and leaf inclination (MTA) of canopy. Among them, CK had the largest individual and group leaf area index, the smallest non intercepted scattering, transmittance and leaf inclination, M₁ had the smallest individual and group leaf area index, the largest non intercepted scattering and transmittance, M₂ had the largest individual and group leaf area index in the new model, the most intercepted light radiation energy, M₃ has the largest non intercepted scattering and transmittance, and the largest individual and group leaf inclination; LAI, DIFN, trans and MTA of grey jujube individuals were significantly positively correlated with the population (P<0.000,1), and the relationship between LAI, DIFN and trans of M₃ individuals and the population was the smallest (R² value was the smallest). The improvement of photosynthetic benefit of jujube garden population by individual regulation was lower than that of M₁ and M₂.【Conclusion】Models Hedgerow shape(M₁) and Trunk shape(M₂) are more suitable for mechanized, intensive and standardized production of local Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao.

Key words: Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao; model transformation; individual and community; canopy characteristics; mechanical adaptability

摘要：

【目的】研究枣树不同栽培模式的冠层特征,分析不同模式之间枣树个体和群体冠层特性差异及其相关性,寻找适合枣树集约化、机械化和标准化生产的栽培模式。【方法】以3~4 a灰枣树为试材,将株行距为1.0×1.5(m),树形为疏散分层形的原栽培模式(CK),将其一部分改造为株行距1.0×4.5(m)的篱壁形、主干形和“Y”形,冠高控制在2.5 m左右的3种新型模式,即M₁、M₂、M₃。将改造完成后的新模式作为试验组,原种植模式作为对照(CK)。对各模式枣树5~7月的株高、冠幅、作业间距以及个体和群体冠层特性进行了分析研究。【结果】M₂株高最高,M₁株高最低,6、7月时M₁与M₃和CK差异不显著,各模式的株高均在2.5 m左右且生长良好;5~7月,M₁冠幅显著最小,M₁为89.1 cm,较CK小13.1%;M₂冠幅与CK无显著差异,M₂为99.0 cm;M₃冠幅显著最大,M₃为139.0 cm;新模式极大提升了枣园作业间距,M₁、M₂超过3.0 m,便于各类农业机械进园作业,M₃在2.7 m左右;模式改造显著减小了灰枣个体及群体叶面积指数(LAI),显著增大了树冠的无截取散射(DIFN)、透射率(TRANS)以及叶倾角(MTA)。其中,CK的个体和群体叶面积指数均最大、无截取散射、透射率及叶倾角最小,M₁群体的叶面积指数最小、无截取散射及透射率最大,M₂个体和群体叶面积指数在新模式中最大,其截获光辐射能最多,M₃个体无截取散射及透射率最大,个体及群体叶倾角均最大;灰枣个体的LAI、DIFN、TRANS和MTA与群体均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.000 1),M₃的个体LAI、DIFN、TRANS与群体关系紧密度最小(R²值最小),其单株个体调控对枣园群体光合效益提升相较M₁、M₂低。【结论】模式篱壁形(M₁)、主干形(M₂)是更适宜当地灰枣机械化、集约化、标准化生产的栽培模式。

关键词: 灰枣, 模式改造, 个体和群体, 冠层特性, 机械适应性

CLC Number:

S665.1

WANG Wenjun, CHEN Qiling, ZHENG Qiangqing, WANG Jingjing, ZHANG Guibing, LI Haixia. Effects of model transformation on canopy characteristics and mechanical adaptability of individual and community of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao tree[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(4): 925-934.

王文军, 陈奇凌, 郑强卿, 王晶晶, 张桂兵, 李海霞. 模式改造对灰枣树个体和群体冠层特性及机械适应性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 925-934.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of tree structure

Fig.2 Top view of determination Method of individual and community by plant canopy analyzer

Fig.3 Effect of model transformation on plant height of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao Note: small letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level, the same as below

Fig.4 Effect of pattern transformation on crown width of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao

Fig.5 Influence of mode transformation on operation distanceof Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao

Fig.6 Effects of model modification on leaf area index of individual and community of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao

Fig.7 Effects of model modification on individual and community non intercepted scattering of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao

Fig.8 Effects of model modification on individual and communitytransmissivity of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao

Fig.9 Effects of model modification on individual and communityleaf angle inclination of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao.

Fig.10 Effects of model modification on individual and community correlation of leaf area index of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao

Fig.11 Effects of model modification on individual and community correlation of non intercepted scattering of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao

Fig.12 Effects of model modification on individual and community correlation of transmissivity of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao

Fig.13 Effects of model modification on individual and community correlation of leaf angle inclination of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao

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Effects of model transformation on canopy characteristics and mechanical adaptability of individual and community of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao tree

模式改造对灰枣树个体和群体冠层特性及机械适应性的影响

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