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20 January 2024, Volume 61 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer
Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering
Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection·Forestry·Agricultural Information·Plant Protection
Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer

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Diversity evaluation of machine-picked agronomic traits in Gossypium barbadense L. germplasm resources HUANG Xinglei, WANG Weiran, WANG Meng, ZHU Jiahui, LIN Feng, QIN Guoli, YANG Jing, Alifu Aierxi, WU Quanzhong, KONG Jie 2024, 61(1): 1-8.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (970KB) ( )   【Objective】 The agronomic characters of sea island cotton germplasm resources were analyzed in order to provide candidate materials for its parent selection and variety cultivation in the future. 【Methods】 125 sea island cotton germplasm resources with zero fruit branches were selected to analyze the coefficient of variation,genetic diversity,correlation,principal component and agronomic characters. 【Results】 Indicating that the 125 sea island cotton germplasm resources in this study had great differences and were rich in germplasm diversity.The coefficient of variation of 12 characters was between 3.54% and 23.85%,and the genetic diversity index between 1.96 and 2.10.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significant positive correlation between plant height and initial fruit branch height,initial fruit branch node position and boll weight,extremely significant positive correlation between initial fruit branch height and initial fruit branch node position and boll weight,and extremely significant positive correlation between middle fruit branch length and middle fruit branch length. The length of the lower fruit branch and the angle between the lower fruit branch were significantly positively correlated,so it is necessary to consider each other and analyze comprehensively when cultivating cotton varieties picked by machine. By principal component analysis,the cumulative contribution rate of 12 agronomic characters divided into 6 principal components reached 78.59%,which were plant height factor,fruit branch factor,stem diameter factor,lint percentage factor,boll number factor and boll weight factor. The germplasm resources of sea island cotton were divided into five groups by cluster analysis. The fifth group showed good mechanical picking characters,and the representative varieties were Xinhai 43,Xinhai 55,Shihezi V7-4,K426,Xin78,16DJC01,Xinku K2442 and Xinku 198-1. 【Conclusion】 The 125 resources are rich in diversity,and the clustering analysis of the fifth group shoes that it has good machine-harvestability,and 21 breeding materials with good machine-harvestability were obtained,which could be used as the basic machine-picked materials.

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Identification and comprehensive analysis of Verticillium wilt resistance in 35 cotton strains OUYANG Danhua, ZHAO Kang, SONG Dongbo, LIU Ziqing, GUO Wangzhen, LIU Yan, GU Aixing, Azhatiguli Maimaitituer, Alikaerjiang Amaier 2024, 61(1): 9-18.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (993KB) ( )   【Objective】 To select cotton strains with high quality,high yield and strong disease resistance. 【Methods】 35 cotton strains were taken as the research objects,and principal component and cluster analysis on 18 main characters of this population was conducted. 【Results】 The results showed that the coefficient of variation of agronomic traits of 35 cotton strains ranged from 1.67%(UI) to 43.10%(IR),among which the coefficient of variation of relative disease index(IR),boll number(TBN),effective boll number(EBN) and lint yield per plant(LYPP) were larger. The relative disease indexes of 1(4-13),2(4-22),10(4-2-7-3) and 16(10Q-67-3) were lower than 20,indicating strong resistance to Verticillium wilt; That there was no correlation between lint yield per plant and each character,and there was restriction between lint yield and quality character. The five principal components were 5.334,3.423,3.105,1.298 and 1.105,respectively,and the contribution rates were 29.636%,19.019%,17.249%,7.214% and 6.141%,respectively,with the cumulative contribution rate reaching 79.259%. 35 materials were divided into four categories,the group I and group II strains showed excellent quality,strong disease resistance,but low yield. The group Ⅲ strains showed high yield,but poor quality and weak disease resistance. The group Ⅳ of strains showed resistance to the disease,but the yield and quality were slightly lower. 【Conclusion】 The intersection of the top 10 F scores of each group and principal component was selected,and the excellent material No.21(37-129-3) and No.30(44-17-8) were selected.

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Relationship between main agronomic traits and yield per plant of upland cotton reciprocal cross F2∶3 families ZHAO Kang, REN Dan, LIANG Weiwei, PANG Bo, MA Shangjie, ZHANG Mengyuan, GAO Wenwei 2024, 61(1): 19-25.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (680KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the relationship between yield per plant and main agronomic characters of cotton. Which is of great significance for enriching basic materials of cotton breeding and breeding excellent hybrids. 【Methods】 90 and 78 F2∶3 families derived from Xuzhou 142 and Line 9 were analyzed by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,regression analysis and path analysis. Then the relationship between the plant height,the number of fruit branches,the number of effective fruit branches,the number of bolls,the number of effective bolls,the weight of single boll and the coat fraction of each cotton plant was analyzed. 【Results】 Phenotypic analysis showed that F2∶3 families had abundant variation,most of the characters showed typical quantitative genetic characteristics,and there was widespread hyperparental separation,and the heterosis of each character was obvious. There were significant positive correlations between seed cotton yield per plant and lint yield per plant and plant height,number of fruit branches,number of effective fruit branches,number of bolls,and number of effective bolls and weight of single boll. Two kinds of principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,PC1 represented cotton boll growth factors and PC2 represented the comprehensive selection factor of lint fraction and boll weight. The direct path coefficient of effective boll number was the largest,which contributed the most to the yield per plant. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the effective boll number contribut the most to cotton yield,and selecting cotton with more effective boll number is an important way to breed high-yielding varieties. At the same time,the weight of single boll,the lint percentage and the number of effective fruit branches should also be considered. The finding of this study is beneficial to the breeding of new hybrid lines of cotton in different directions.

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Effects of microbial agents on soil nutrients,cotton yield and quality in drip irrigation cotton fields LUO Linyi, CHEN Ruijie, RUAN Xiangyang, REN Xiaohui, QU Ao, SU Haiting, YE Jun 2024, 61(1): 26-33.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1026KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different application amounts of microbial agents on soil nutrient activation,cotton yield and quality with a view of providing a reference for the rational application of microbial agents in drip irrigation cotton fields. 【Methods】 The project scheme was designed by combining indoor culture experiment and field community experiment. Indoor culture test setting:the microbial agent was applied to the soil containing the culture box to incubate 0,5,10,15,20 d,respectively to analyze the maximum efficiency of the microbial agent on soil nutrient activation. Four treatments were set up in the field experiment:CK(no microbial agent),T1(application of microbial agent 75 L/hm2),T2(application of microbial agent 150 L/hm2),T3(application of microbial agent 300 L/hm2),and 3 replicates for each treatment were set to analyze the effects of microbial agent on soil nutrients and cotton yield and quality. 【Results】 The content of available silicon,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers increased with the increase of microbial agents,and the T3 treatment effect was the most significant. At 40-60 cm soil layer,the soil nutrients of each treatment were not significantly different from CK. The single bell weight of the T3 treatment increased by 8.7% compared with CK and the yield increased by 14.6%. The pile length,Fracture ratio strength and Spinning uniformity index of T3 treatment were significantly increased compared with the control. The Micronaire was reduced and the quality was increased from C2 to B2. 【Conclusion】 On the fifth day of microbial agent application into the soil,the best activation effect on soil nutrients is achieved,which can increase the effective content of silicon,phosphorus and quick potassium in the soil,thus leading to the high yield of cotton and improving the quality,too.

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Analysis of nutrient use efficiency in cotton fields with 15N isotope labeled nitrogen fertilizer CHENG Zhihui, LI Hongmei, ZHAO Hongmei, TU Yongfeng, SONG Haiying, SHENG Jiandong 2024, 61(1): 34-41.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1112KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on nitrogen absorption,transport and utilization efficiency of cotton and provide a reference for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in oasis drip irrigation cotton field. 【Methods】 The pot experiment was carried out by using 15N isotope tracer technique. Three treatments were set up:no nitrogen fertilizer(N0),nitrogen fertilizer reduction(N1, 225 kg/hm2) and local recommended fertilization(N2, 300 kg/hm2). The effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on cotton biomass,nitrogen uptake,and fertilizer nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency were studied. 【Results】 The dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake of nitrogen reduction treatment were significantly higher than those of no nitrogen treatment(N0),but had no significant difference with recommended fertilization treatment. The dry weight of hulls and seeds and nitrogen uptake of seeds under reduced nitrogen application rate were significantly higher than those under recommended rate by 7.02%,6.81% and 16.59%,respectively. The fertilizer nitrogen(15N) accumulation of cottonseed in the two fertilization treatments accounted for the highest proportion,accounting for 26.02%-35.99% of the whole plant,followed by leaves(22.40%-23.81%) and stems(14.48%-18.98%),and the lowest in flocs(3.05%-6.62%). The nitrogen uptake of reproductive organs in nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment was 19.02% higher than that in recommended fertilization treatment. The proportion of nitrogen absorbed by cotton plants in the two fertilization treatments(Ndff%) was 21.14%-21.70%. The nitrogen use efficiency and apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment were significantly higher than those of recommended fertilization treatment,which increased by 2.36% and 3.12%,respectively. 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen fertilizer reduction(25 kg/hm2) can significantly increase dry matter,nitrogen uptake,fertilizer nitrogen(15N) uptake,Ndff% in cottonseeds and nitrogen use efficiency of whole cotton plant. Therefore,under the premise of ensuring no decrease in cotton yield,appropriate reduction of chemical fertilizer application is one of the most effective measures to improve fertilizer use efficiency.

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Genetic diversity analysis of 67 creeping peanut germplasm resources Wang Tianling, Hou Xianfei, Shi Junjie, Sun Quanxi, Jia Donghai, Gu Yuanguo, Shan Shihua, Miao Haocui, Li Qiang 2024, 61(1): 42-54.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1058KB) ( )   【Objective】 Germplasm resources are the material basis of peanut breeding,so this project intends to analyze genetic diversity of creeping peanut germplasm resources in order to provide reference information for mining favorable genes in representative peanut resources. 【Methods】 The genetic parameters 67 creeping peanut of grading traits and agronomic traits were analyzed,and the quality of the tested materials was analyzed by near infrared spectroscopy. 【Results】 The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.08 to 1.14,and among the 11 quantitative traits,the genetic diversity index of the total number of branches was the lowest(3.55),and the genetic diversity index of single plant yield and hundred kernel weight was the highest(4.20). The coefficient of variation of the total number of branches was the largest,which was 46.4%. The cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components of agronomic traits and quality traits was 70.30%. 67 tested materials were grouped into three groups. The protein,oil content and linoleic acid content of the first group were at a high level. The overall traits of the second group were good,especially the average yield per plant was as high as 77.01g,and the oleic acid content of the third group was the highest. 【Conclusion】 The germplasm resources of 67 creeping peanuts have rich diversity,and the potential for improvement of agronomic traits is huge.

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Effects of planting density and reduced fertilization on sunflower yield and relativity WANG Heya, LUO Jingjing, AI Haifeng, LI Huaisheng, MENG Ling, WANG Peng 2024, 61(1): 55-62.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (875KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the effects of the interaction between planting density and reduced fertilization on yield and correlation of edible sunflower (hereinafter referred to as shikui)in Ta’eken area,in order to obtain the optimal planting density and optimal fertilization rate of edible sunflower. 【Methods】 The experimental materials of Tongqing No. 5 cultivar were used to design the two-factor split plot of density and reduced fertilization,with 3 replicates,a total of 36 plots,the main area was the planting density,and 4 levels were set:M1,M2,M3,M4,and the sub-area was reduced fertilization,and 3 treatments:F1(N 277 kg/hm2,P 115 kg/hm2,K 130 kg/hm2),F2(10% reduction) and F3(20% reduction) were set. The biological traits,economic traits and yield were measured at harvest time,and the effects of planting density and reduced fertilization on the biological traits,economic traits and yield of edible sunflower were calculated and analyzed. 【Results】 Under the same planting density,the plant height,flower disc diameter and stem diameter of sunflower were increased first and then decreased,and the effect was not significant,the plant height was 208.03 cm,220.4 cm,236.27 cm and 240.67 cm in F2(10% weight loss),and the diameter of flower disc was the best,which was 21.91 cm,20.41 cm and 19.94 cm,respectively. 19.77 cm,the diameter diameter was the thickest,3.95 cm,3.87 cm,3.73 cm,3.61 cm,respectively,the plant height showed a significant effect between different density treatments,the plant height was the highest M4 density of 240.34 cm,the stem diameter and the flower disc diameter showed a decreasing trend with the increase of planting density,the same density of chemical fertilizer application on the yield component factors of sunflower seed setting rate,single disc grain weight and 100 grain weight,under different densities had a significant effect on the yield factor. The results showed that the grain weight of the single disc of sunflower was between 177.62 g-187.43 g,The 100-grain weight was between 19.36 g-21.88 g,and all of them showed a decreasing trend with the increase of planting density. It can be seen that the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction on sunflower yield first increased and then decreased,and the average yield of F2 was the highest under the same density condition,which was 3 976.94 kg/hm2,indicating that appropriate reduced fertilization played an important role in the improvement of sunflower yield. The interaction of planting density and reduced fertilization had a significant effect on the yield of edible sunflower,and the combined M2F2 treatment was the best,and the yield performance was the highest,which was 4 344.35 kg/hm2,the planting density of M2F2 treatment was 25 965 plants/hm2,and the chemical fertilizer reduction was 10%,i.e.,urea 450 kg/hm2,ethylenediamine phosphate 225 kg/hm2,and potassium sulfate 225 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion,the optimal combination of density and chemical fertilizer application rate in Ta’eken area was the best in M2F2 treatment,and the yield reached the highest(4 344.35 kg/hm2),and the yield component factor had obvious advantages,which showed that the seed setting rate reached the highest(82.06%) In summary,the combination of the optimal density and fertilizer application rate in the Taeken area was M2F2 treatment,which could be converted into better economic benefits,which was more suitable for the promotion of sunflower planting in the Taeken area,and provided scientific theoretical basis and technical support for the cultivation technology of sunflower in the Taeken area.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering

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Transcriptome and metabolome integrated analysis of flavonoids in Xinyu grape peel under different ground mulch 5ypes HU Jinge, BAI Shijian, CHEN Guang, CAI Junshe 2024, 61(1): 63-78.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2350KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the flavonoid related components and synthase genes information of table grapes under two different ground covering methods of horticultural cloth covering and grass cultivation in the hope of laying the theoretical foundation for proposing a new mode of high efficiency and high quality cultivation of Xinyu grapes in production. 【Methods】 In this study,the ground mulched by black geotextile and grass,clean tillage was taken as the control,the cDNA of Xinyu grape peel flavonoids were sequenced and were analyzed by using the bioinformatics methods subsequently,such as sequencing assess and gene function annotation,at the same time,the flavonoid metabolites in grape peel were determined by LC-MS/MS. 【Results】 (1) Compared the transcriptome of the black geotextile mulch and grass,587 differentially expressed gene(DEGs) in black geotextile mulch were found,including 317 up-regulated gene and 270 down-regulated genes,177 differentially expressed gene(DEGs) in grass were found,including 56 up-regulated gene and 121 down-regulated genes.(2) GO function annotation gene of black geotextile mulch was divided into 45 function categories,and the GO annotation gene of grass type was divided into 37 function categories,in which many function categories were mainly involved,such as cellular component,molecular function and biological processes. KOG database classified the 175 and 86 DEGs annotated to,respectively,with 22 and 16 functional categories respectively,and 193 DEGs for black geotextile mulch were annotated into KEGG pathway,biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,flavonoid biosynthesis,phenylalanine biosynthesis,circadian rhythm-plant,stilbenoid,diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis were associated with flavonoid enrichment pathway,61 DEGs for grass were annotated into KEGG pathway,biosynthesis of secondary metabolites was associated with flavonoid enrichment pathway.(3) A total of 60 flavonoids metabolites were detected for Xinyu grape peel and divided into 12 categories,including 7 differential metabolites(2 down-regulated and 5 up-regulated) for black geotextile mulch and 11 differential metabolites(all down-regulated) for grass cultivation. Flavanols proportion content was the highest,with 52.41%-63.70%,flavanols content were higher for grass cultivation and black geotextile mulch than for the control,with 19.42% and 7.55%.(4) The flavonoid biosynthesis related enrichment pathways for black geotextile mulch were mainly concentrated in the flavonoid biosynthesis,while the flavonoid biosynthesis related enrichment pathways of grass mulch were mainly concentrated in the secondary metabolites and flavonoid biosynthesis,seven candidate genes were screened including C4H,CHS,F3H,LAR,HCT,FLS and C12RT1 for black geotextile mulch,five candidate genes were screened including CHS,F3H,F3'5'H,FLS and LAR for grass. 【Conclusion】 By transcriptome and metabolite analysis,candidate genes for flavonoid biosynthesis of Xinyu grape were screened and analyzed for black geotextile and grass mulch,grass cultivation was the preferable cultivation method for Xinyu grape in Xinjiang Turpan extreme drought area.

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Effects of two cultivation modes on the cluster region micro-environment,berry development and quality of marselan grape in turpan-hami basin BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, LI Shuai, XUE Feng, ZHANG Wen, PAN Xubing, WEI Dengpan, ZHAO Ronghua, CAI Junshe 2024, 61(1): 79-91.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2182KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of two cultivation modes on the cluster micro-environment and fruit development of Marselan grape in Turpan-Hami Basin in the hope of providing reference for the selection of wine grape cultivation modes in production areas. 【Methods】 The research was carried out in Marselan grape with L-MVSP(Fruit setting height 40 cm,the treatment group) and H-MVSP(Fruit setting height 80 cm,the control group) in Turpan-Hami Basin,the changes of micro-environment index on the cluster region and berry development index during fruit growth period,fruit quality and anthocyanin composition during harvest under two cultivation modes were compared and analyzed under two cultivation modes. 【Results】 The daily maximum temperature and daily average temperature of the cluster region micro-environment were lower for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP,with 1.66 and 2.21℃ respectively,the sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃ and the time of temperature exceeding 35℃ were decreased for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP,with 39.25℃ and 40.12 h respectively; The daily maximum humidity,daily minimum humidity and daily average humidity were 2.89%,1.70% and 2.64% higher,respectively for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP,the daily average low humidity duration was 11.56 h lower for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP; The leaf canopy transmission radiation,soil reflection radiation and total radiation were 36.94%,50.38% and 44.91% lower,respectively for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP. The L-MVSP was more benefit for fruit development than H-MVSP,tartaric acid,malic acid and ascorbic acid were higher for L-MVSP than H-MVSP at veraison,grape in L-MVSP had a higher cluster quality and fruit grain quality,increased by 38.74% and 25.61% respectively,the wilting rate decreased by 14.20%,the soluble solids decreased by 2.67 ° Brix,the total acid mass concentration increased by 0.83 g/L,and the total flavanol content and total anthocyanin content increased by 23.83% and 5.80%,respectively. However,the proportion of 3',5'-hydroxy substituted anthocyanins,the proportion of methylation modification of anthocyanins and the proportion of total modification of anthocyanins were decreased in L-MVSP. 【Conclusion】 The L-MVSP of wine grape Marselan can improve the cluster region micro-environment and improve the berry quality in Turpan-Hami Basin.

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Effects of different pre-cooling methods combined with 1-MCP on the preservation of local red globe grape LI Ziqin, LI Wenqi, WANG Jiwen, MA Xiaoning, ZHAO Zhiyong, DANG Fumin 2024, 61(1): 92-100.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1374KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the effects of different pre-cooling methods combined with 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)on the pre-cooling rate and storage quality of Red Globe Grape. 【Methods】 Red Globe Grape was precooled by tunnel-type in-situ differential pressure precooling device,precooled storage turnover box and cold storage combined with 1.5 μL/L 1-MCP fumigation,no 1-MCP fumigation was used as control(CK). The fruits were stored at(0±0.5)℃,relative humidity 85%,and the changes of physiological indexes were measured every 20 days. 【Results】 The cooling rate of red grape treated by tunnel-type in-situ differential pressure precooling and pre-cool storage turnover box was significantly faster than that of cold storage,1.5 μL/L 1-MCP combined with tunnel differential pressure pre-cooling and pre-cool storage turnover box had lower fruit decay rate and granulation rate than that of 1-MCP combined with cold storage and CK. It had a positive effect on the retention of titratable acid(TA) and soluble solid(SSC) contents,inhibited the respiration intensity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content of the fruit,stimulated the activity of Peroxidase(POD),better maintained fruit quality and nutrients and effectively delayed the aging process of fruit. 【Conclusion】 1.5 μl/L 1-MCP combined with tunnel-type in-situ differential pressure precooling can better delay the post-ripening,softening and senescence process of Red Globe Grape,and maintain the fruit quality and nutritional components.

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Study on pollination and seed setting characteristics of two grape cultivars WANG Yong, LI Yuling, Sulaiman Aizezi, HU Jinge, SUN Feng, WU Guohong 2024, 61(1): 101-108.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (831KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the pollination and seed setting characteristics of grape varieties and provide basic data for grape hybrid breeding. 【Methods】 Taking Xinyu and Lvzhoubaoshi as testing materials,experiments on the natural pollination,self pollination,emasculation without pollination,and artificial pollination of Shine Muscat and Kunxiangwuhe pollen at different times after emasculation were carried out. The fruit setting rate of the ear was counted one month after pollination hereinafter referred to as fruit set rate,and the pollination and seed setting characteristics of Xinyu and Lvzhoubaoshi were analyzed. 【Results】 The average fruit setting rate of Xinyu grape under natural conditions was 34.32%,and the average fruit setting rate of self pollination was 30.79%. The average fruit setting rate of Lvzhoubaoshistones under natural conditions was 24.21%,and the average fruit setting rate of self pollination was 18.67%. About 3.51% of the flower buds in Xinyu completed closed pollination two days before the first flowering period,about 5.22% of the flower buds in Lvzhoubaoshi completed closed pollination,about 19.08% of the flower buds in Xinyu completed closed pollination in the first flowering period,and about 24.39% of the flower buds in Lvzhoubaoshi completed closed pollination. The average fruit setting rate of the four hybrid combinations in the morning pollination treatment was higher than that in the evening pollination treatment,among which,the combination of Xinyu + Kunxiangwuhe,Xinyu + Shine Muscat,Lvzhoubaoshi + Shine Muscat were significantly different but the difference between Lvzhoubaoshi + Kunxiangwuhe was not significant. The fruit setting rate of the two combinations with Shine Muscat as the male parent was higher than that of the two combinations with Kunxiangwuhe as the male parent. The average fruit setting rate of treatment 2 pollinated in the morning was the highest,and that of treatment 3 pollinated in the evening was the lowest. The average fruit setting rate of treatment 1 and treatment 2 pollinated in the morning and evening was higher than that of treatment 3. The average fruit setting rate of treatment 1 and treatment 2 was different due to different combinations. 【Conclusion】 Both Xinyu and Lvzhoubaoshistone cultivars have closed flower pollination,and the closed flower pollination degree of Lvzhoubaoshi is higher than that of Xinyu. The best emasculation time of Xinyu and Lvzhoubaoshi grapes in Turpan should be in the first 3-4 days of the first flowering period,and the best pollination measures should be started when stigma mucus appears,once a day,and three times in total.

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Study on establishment and optimization of rapid tissue culture propagation technology of three wine grape cultivars YANG Bo, WANG Hao, CHEN Yongwei, HA Rong, JIN Wei, XU Can, ZHANG Min, YANG Guili, YANG Hongbo, MA Wenli 2024, 61(1): 109-117.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1093KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to improve the quality of wine grape seedlings and the breeding speed of improved varieties,the tissue culture virus-free and rapid propagation technology system of wine grape varieties Dunkelfelder T,Petit Verdot and Sauvignon Blanc was preliminarily established.Which has provided the basis for improving the quality of seedlings of small wine grape varieties and rapid propagation. 【Methods】 Three one-year axillary buds of wine grape were used as explants,and the orthogonal test design was used to explore the effects of different disinfection methods on the survival rate of explants,and the effects of different concentrations of 6-BA,IBA,NAA and different combinations of media on the germination,proliferation and rooting of axillary buds. 【Results】 The results showed that the survival rate of axillary buds could be improved and the pollution rate could be reduced by 10% sodium hypochlorite disinfection for 7.5min,75% ethanol disinfection for 30 s,and 0.1% HgCl2 disinfection for 10min; When the sterilized explants were inoculated into MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.05 mg/L NAA,the germination rate was the highest. When the sterile new buds of the start-up culture were added into the 1/2MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.3 mg/L IBA,the clustered buds had the best proliferation effect. When the single buds after the proliferation culture were put into the 1/2MS rooting medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/L IBA and 0.4 mg/L NAA,the overall quality of rooting of tissue culture seedlings reached the best effect. 【Conclusion】 The technical system of tissue culture and rapid propagation and virus-free of three wine grape varieties has been preliminarily established. The heat treatment combined with shoot tip for virus-free of tissue culture seedlings was applied in the experiment,and the results showed that this method could remove most of grape viruses.

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Development of composite plastic film of extract from Ficus carica leaves and the cling film application in keeping melon fresh YAO Jun, QIN Yong, ZHENG Heyun, ZHANG Cuihuan, Zaituna Maimaiti, WANG Zhiwei, GEN Xinli 2024, 61(1): 118-126.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1135KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore a non-toxic,safe,green,cheap and easy to obtain plant bacteriostatic material for storage and preservation of melon,and development of composite plastic film of extract from Ficus carica leaves and the cling film application in keeping melon fresh. 【Methods】 In this study,the extraction process of Ficus carica leaf extract with antibacterial effect was optimized. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the effects of ethanol concentration,ultrasonic time and solid-liquid ratio on the total flavonoids yield of Ficus carica leaf extract. The cross method was used to determine the antibacterial effect of the extract on fusarium and Alternaria of melon. The extraction agent of Ficus carica leaf was combined with membrane agent sodium alginate,antioxidant citric acid and sucrose ester,and the effects of each preparation on the decay rate and weight loss rate of melon during storage were optimized by orthogonal method. 【Results】 The optimal extraction parameters of Ficus carica leaf were as follows:ethanol concentration 79.73%,ultrasonic time 36.81 min,solid-liquid ratio 1∶24. Through range and variance analysis,the optimal composition of composite cling film for Ficus carica leaf extract of melon was determined as follows:80 mg/mL Ficus carica extract +1.5% sodium alginate +500 mg/L citric acid +0.5% sucrose ester. 【Conclusion】 Ficus carica leaf extract has a significant effect on inhibiting the main postharvest pathogenic fungi of melon,while Ficus carica leaf extract compound cling film has a significant effect on reducing the decay and weight loss rate of melon,so it can be used as a new green,healthy and low-value plant-derived fresh material for melon storage and preservation.

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Preliminary study on adaptability of new apple variety ruiyang in Ili Valley in Xinjiang WANG Jin, DIAO Yongqiang, GUO Xiuling, CHEN Yiyu, QIN Deming, LUO Bingyu, LIU Jun 2024, 61(1): 127-135.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1028KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to explore the growth performance and adaptability of new apple variety Ruiyang in Ili Valley in order to provide theoretical basis for reasonable planning and layout of apple varieties in that area. 【Methods】 Regional cultivation experiment for the introduced new apple variety Ruiyang,the main tested variety is Ruiyang,the control varieties are Ruixue and Yimei. Phenological period,botanical characters,affinity and seed setting of different rootstock-spike combinations were investigated in the field. Taking one-year-old dormant branches as testing materials,the electrolyte permeability of branches of three apple varieties such as Ruiyang under different low temperature treatments was measured by conductivity method,and the low temperature semi-lethal temperature of Ruiyang branches was calculated by Logistic equation. 【Results】 Studies have shown that the tree posture of Ruiyang apple was moderate,and the tree posture was relatively open in Ili. The annual branch color was red-brown,with an average length of 47.62 cm,internode length of 3.02 cm,and branch diameter of 4.82 mm;The average length of leaves was 8.07 cm,the width was 4.64 cm;The color of leaves was thick green,with complex sawtooth;Flower buds was conical,4-6 flowers per inflorescence,corolla size averaged 4.23 cm. The germination period of Ruiyang was concentrated in the end of March to early April,the flowering period was in the middle and late April,the flowering duration was 9-11 days,and the deciduous period was in the end of November to early December. Fruit development was 174 days,shorter than Fuji 11 days,vegetative growth 246 days,fruit got ripe in mid-October. Through field investigation,the grafting mouth of Malus sieversii/KM23/Ruiyang rootstock-scion combination seedlings generally healed well,the seedlings grew normally with strong disease resistance,and some plants had strong flowering ability. Combined with the classification of freezing injury after low temperature treatment,the semi-lethal temperature(LT50 ) of Ruiyang was determined to be -30.2℃. 【Conclusion】 Ruiyang can adapt to the local climate environment since introduced into the Ili Valley with the characteristics of high quality,good color appearance,strong resistance and adaptability. It is a mid-late maturing apple variety with excellent comprehensive properties. It is suitable for planting in the temperature inversion region of 800 m-1,200 m along the mountain on the sunny slope of Ili. The Malus sieversii/KM23/Ruiyang was preliminarily selected as the rootstock-spike combination suitable for cultivation in Ili.

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Effects of soil nutrients on amino acids in junzao jujube orchard FENG Mei, XIAO Lijuan, ZHANG Shiqing, WANG Jingjing 2024, 61(1): 136-147.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (994KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen the main soil nutrient factors that affect the amino acids of junjujube fruit,and provide theoretical basis for improving the amino acid content,classifying and deepening the development and utilization of fruit,as well as scientifically applying fertilization in Junzao Jujube Orchard. 【Methods】 The soil nutrient status and fruit amino acid content of junzao orchard in Aral,Xinjiang were measured,and the correlation analysis and Multiple Linear stepwise regression analysis were carried out. 【Results】 Research shows that local jujube contains 15 types of amino acids,including 6 essential amino acids and 9 non-essential amino acids. Among them,the medicinal amino acids in jujube are 7 types,with a content of 1.08 ug/100g. The branched-chain amino acids are 3 types,with a content of 0.172 μg/100g. The aromatic amino acids are 5 types,with a content of 0.31 μg/100g. The umami amino acids are 4 types,with a content of 0.211 μg/100g. The bitter taste amino acids are 7 types,with a content of 0.322 μg/100g. The sour taste amino acids are 2 types,with a content of 0.789 μg/100g. The pH of the jujube orchard soil is 8.03. The salt content is 7.14 g/kg. The organic matter content is 12.96 g/kg. The total nitrogen content is 1.08 g/kg. The total phosphorus content is 1.01 g/kg. The total potassium content is 19.40 g/kg. The available phosphorus content is 55.60 mg/kg. The available potassium content is 232.37 mg/kg. The available copper content is 1.88 mg/kg. The available zinc content is 1.63 mg/kg. The available iron content is 24.39 mg/kg. The available manganese content is 4.33 mg/kg. The available boron content is 1.35 mg/kg. The hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 111.76 mg/kg. There are correlations between soil nutrients and jujube amino acid content. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that junzao jujube contained 15 kinds of amino acids,which were rich in medicinal amino acids,sweet amino acids and sour amino acids compared with other kinds of amino acids,the contents of organic matter,manganese and potassium were moderate,and the contents of other nutrients were on the high side,and there were synergistic and antagonistic effects among them. Moreover,the amino acid content of Junjujube was greatly affected by the available manganese,available zinc,available iron,available boron and organic matter in the soil,therefore,the application of organic fertilizer and micro fertilizer should be increased in the fertilization process in the future.

Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection·Forestry·Agricultural Information·Plant Protection

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Isolation,identification and pathogenicity of fungi on the surface of pomegranate fruit YU Lyujian, YANG Jin, DING Yu, LI Xiaoman, LIU Fengjuan, FAN Yingying, LIANG Hongyu, JIAO Ziwei, WANG Cheng 2024, 61(1): 148-155.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1770KB) ( )   【Objective】 To preliminarily explore the fungal species on the surface of Kashgar pomegranate fruits and test their pathogenic ability.This finding has provided data reference for the prevention and control of fungal diseases in pomegranate fruit in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The fungi on the surface of pomegranate fruit were isolated,purified,identified and classified by morphology and molecular biology,and then the pathogenicity of fungi to pomegranate fruit was determined by puncture inoculation test. 【Results】 Seven different fungi were isolated and identified,among which,the following four could obviously cause pomegranate fruit rot. Both of Aspergillus luchuensis and Penicillium italicum showed higher infection ability to pomegranate peel and grain; Alternaria eichhorniae only had higher infection ability to pomegranate pulp; Penicillium adametzioid had weaker infection ability to pomegranate peel and grain. In addition,Talaromyes rubrifaciens,Cladosporium antarctica and Amorphotheca resinae did not show obvious pathogenicity to peel and grain. 【Conclusion】 The main pathogenic bacteria of pomegranate fruit under the ecological conditions in southern Xinjiang are different from those in other suitable growing habitats in China.

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Research on the relationship between root distribution characteristics of Jun-jujube and soil nutrient in arid area DENG Yonghui, ZHENG Qiangqing, YAN Pan, WANG Wenjun, CHEN Qiling, WANG Jingjing, ZHANG Jinqiang, WANG Zhendong 2024, 61(1): 156-164.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1292KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the distribution characteristics of absorbing roots and conducting roots and their relationship with soil nutrients of Jun-jujube. 【Methods】 A six-year-old Jun-jujube in Aral reclamation area.The root length,root surface area and root volume of Jun-jujube with different diameters were measured by using the WinRHIZO root analysis system,and the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil(0-60 cm depth) in different growth periods were measured. In addition,the correlation between root distribution and soil nutrients was analyzed. 【Results】 In each soil space,the length density of absorbing root was always higher than that of conducting root,while the root volume was the opposite. In the vertical direction,the root length density and root surface area density of absorbing root and conducting root both decreased with the depth of soil layer,and the root density in 0-20 cm soil layer was the densest,with the proportion of absorbing root length density and root surface area density being 77.1% and 76.5%,respectively,and the proportion of conducting root being 76.0% and 74.6%,respectively. In the horizontal direction,the absorption roots were densely distributed in the soil at the horizontal distance of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The proportion of root length density was between 20.0%-20.7%,the proportion of root surface area density was 20.0%-22.2%,and the proportion of conducting roots 21.8%-22.1%,18.4%-23.8%,respectively; The absorption root length density and root surface area density of the soil at the horizontal distance of 40-140 cm accounted for 8.8%-14.4%,and the transport root was 8.7%-14.5%. The absorption root length density and root surface area density decreased slowly with the increase of the horizontal distance,and the transport root showed upward and downward reciprocating changes,with differences. The correlation coefficient between the root length density and root surface area density of absorbing root and conducting root and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus at the stage of leaf expansion was greater than 0.820,and the correlation coefficient between the root length density and root surface area density of absorbing root and soil available phosphorus at the stage of leaf expansion was greater than 0.809,showing a very significant positive correlation. The root length density and root surface area density had a negative correlation with available potassium,but the correlation was not significant. 【Conclusion】 The root distribution of Junzao jujube is relatively shallow,and the soil root distribution at the depth of 0-20 cm and the horizontal distance of 0-40 cm is relatively dense,which is an important area for water and nutrient utilization. The vertical distribution of root system is closely related to the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil at the leaf expansion and young fruit stage.

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Bioinformatics analysis of small G protein CaROP in pepper MA Sijie, ZHU Tiansheng, HE Lu, YANG Shuqing 2024, 61(1): 165-175.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2304KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the biological function,physicochemical properties,protein structure and phylogenetic relationship of small G protein CaROP in pepper. 【Methods】 In this study,the physicochemical properties of nine CaROP proteins were analyzed by using bioinformatics software such as ProtParam,ProtScale,SignalP5.0,TMHMM,NetPhos3.1 and NetCGlyc1.0; The structures of 9 CaROP proteins were predicted and analyzed by using SOPMA,SWISS-MODEL and other bioinformatics software; The phylogenetic relationship of 9 CaROP proteins was analyzed by using bioinformatics software MEGA11. 【Results】 The results of protein physicochemical properties analysis showed that the total average hydrophilicity of 9 CaROP proteins was less than 0,which were all hydrophilic proteins,and 6 of them were stable hydrophilic proteins; None of the 9 CaROP proteins had signal peptide,namely,they were non secretory proteins; Nine CaROP proteins had no transmembrane domain,namely,none of them were membrane proteins; All 9 CaROP proteins had phosphorylation sites and none had glycosylation sites. The results of protein structure prediction and analysis showed that the main secondary structural elements of 9 CaROP proteins were irregular curls and α- Spiral,followed by β- Fold,finally β- Corner. Phylogenetic analysis showed that nine CaROP proteins were clustered into four branches,of which each of branch I and branch III contained one CaROP protein,branch II contained two CaROP proteins,and the other five CaROP proteins were clustered in branch IV. 【Conclusion】 Nine CaROP proteins have the Rhoa domain and are all non-secretory hydrophilicproteins.The nine CaROP proteins were clustered into four branches in thephylogenetic tree,and the prediction results of their tertiary structure modeling were also ideal.The structure of the nine CaROP proteins was relatively stable.

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Comparative analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics of cold tolerance of cotton seedlings coated with 7.2% carboxin and 40% amicarthiazol ZHOU Xiaoyun, LEI Bin, ZHANG Jungao, LIANG Jing, GONG Jingyun, ZHOU Guangwei, ZHANG Shaomin, LI Jin 2024, 61(1): 176-183.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1165KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare the effects of two fungicides with similar active structure,namely,carboxin and amicarthiazol,on improving the ability of cotton seeds to withstand low temperature and cold damage,the difference between the two fungicides in improving the ability of cotton seeds to withstand low temperature and cold damage was analyzed,their physiological mechanism exploreed was preliminarily,and a theoretical basis for developing new products that can improve the ability of cotton to withstand low temperature and cold damage was provided. 【Methods】 The main cultivars of Xinlu Zao 50 cotton species in the cotton area of northern Xinjiang were used as experimental materials,and the basic seed coating agent coated cotton seeds were used as the control,and the seed coating agent of 7.2% carboxin and 40% amicarthiazol were added to the basic seed coating agent,respectively,and the low temperature stress treatment was carried out by artificial simulation of low temperature environment(4℃/16℃),and the physiological response of each coating treatment to cotton germination,seedling growth and cold tolerance under low temperature conditions was observed. 【Results】 Compared with the control,the germination potential of the coating treatment of carboxin and amicarthiazol was increased by 9.67% and 5.33%,respectively. The germination index was increased by 12.00% and 6.00%,the vitality index was increased by 13.33% and 6.67%,the relative conductivity(REC)was increased by -12.5% and -3.75%,the soluble protein(SP) content was increased by 11.00%and 6.00%,the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was increased by 10.67% and 6.67%,and the chilling injury index(CI) was decreased by -10.67% and -5.33%,respectively,and the differences were significant. The correlation analysis showed that the CI of cotton seedlings was significantly correlated with REC,SP,SOD and other indicators. Principal component analysis showed that the ability of cotton seedlings to adapt to cold stress was improved by the coating treatment of carboxin,which was better than that of amicarthiazol. 【Conclusion】 Under low temperature stress,the coating treatment of both carboxin and amicarthiazol has a certain impact on cotton seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics,can promote the transformation and synthesis of nutrients in the seeds during germination,improve seed activity,so as to improve seed germination rate. By inducing the activity of enzymes in cotton seedling cells to increase,eliminate active oxygen free radicals in the seedlings,and accelerate the accumulation of MDA content,It can protect the stability of cell membrane structure of cotton seedlings,so as to improve the cold tolerance of cotton seedlings. Among the two agents,the effect of carboxin seed coating agent on inducing cold resistance of cotton seedlings is better than that of amicarthiazol,which can further strengthen product development and large-scale application.

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Evaluation of chemical efficacy of broadleaf weed control in barley fields in the desert oasis area of Xinjiang SHEN Yuyang, WANG Xian, CHEN Li, GUO Xiaoling, MIAO Yu, DONG Yusheng, CHEN Zhijun, FANG Furong, XIANG Li, GAO Haifeng 2024, 61(1): 184-189.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (667KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to screen herbicides with good efficacy against broadleaf weeds in barley fields and provide a basis for safe and efficient application of herbicides in desert oasis ecological zones. 【Methods】 A randomized block design was conducted to this study and the number of weed plants and the fresh mass of above-ground parts in each treatment plot were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of the test agents on broadleaf weeds and the safety of the barley plants in barley fields. 【Results】 50 d after herbicides application,20% florasulam- halauxifen-methyl WG 19.50 g/hm2,10% bipyrazone OD 37.50 g/hm2,200 g/L fluroxypyr EC 210.00 g/hm2,22% bipyrazone-fluroxypyr 165.00 g/hm2,50% MCPA-isooctyl-fluroxypyr-florasulam SC 450.00 g/hm2,87.5% 2,4-D isooctyl ester EC 577.50 g/hm2,25% bormoxynil octanoate EC 562.50 g/hm2 and 75% tribenuron methyl WG 22.50 g/hm2 all had great control effects of the quantity and fresh weight of weeds on Chenopodium glaucum with the range from 90.87% to 96.02% and on Fallopia convolvulus with the range from 94.15% to 98.08%. There was no significant difference between the treatment strains and fresh quality. 【Conclusion】 20% florasulam- halauxifen-methyl WG,10% bipyrazone OD,200 g/L fluroxypyr EC,22% bipyrazone-fluroxypyr OD,50% MCPA-isooctyl-fluroxypyr-florasulam SC,87.5% 2,4-D isooctyl ester EC,25% bormoxynil octanoate EC and 75% tribenuron methyl WG have the capability to control broadleaf weeds like Chenopodium glaucum and Polygonum capitatum in barley fields,and it is safe for barley growth and can be used in reasonable rotation in barley fields.

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Characteristics of pollinating insect types and floral visiting behavior in wild fruit forests of the Ili Valley XI Ouyan, WANG Chenri, Gulinuer Tulaxi, HU Hongying 2024, 61(1): 190-198.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1501KB) ( )   【Objective】 Ili Valley is the birthplace of many wild fruit trees,but in recent years,the ecosystems and biodiversity of wild fruit forests have been seriously damaged by pests and human interference. 【Methods】 Select four counties with the main distribution of wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley of Xinjing(Xinyuan,Gongliu,Huocheng and Yining),where wild fruit forests were mainly distributed and then their pollinating insects were collected and identified. Secondly,the pollinating insects of two major flowering plants,wild apple flower and understory grass were investigated by targeted survey to evaluate their pollination efficiency. 【Results】 The study showed that 1485 numbers and 155 species of pollinating insects belonged to 6 orders and 39 families and 110 genera were found and recorded in the wild fruit forests of the Ili Valley,Andrena sp.,Lasioglossum sp. and Apis mellifera L. were the main pollinators. The similarity index showed that the pollinators in Yining were different from those in the other three sample sites; the study of the flower visiting behavior of Hymenoptera insects showed that the highest daily flower visiting rhythm of Apis mellifera occurred at 13:00-13:30. The pollination efficiency of wild Andrena sp. and Lasioglossum sp. were significantly higher than that of domestic Apis mellifera L. The wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley was an important source of wild fruit trees. 【Conclusion】 The clarification of pollinator resources and insect flower- visiting behavior in the Ili Valley,Xinjing.

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Isolation and screening of cultivable endophytes in sifferent organs of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and preliminary screening of β-glucosidase producing strains KONG Xiaoshuang, WEI Ran, DONG Yinghong, HOU Min, Maierhaba Aihemaiti, HOU Xinqiang, YANG Wenqi, CUI Weidong 2024, 61(1): 199-208.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1098KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the resource status of culturable endophytes from different parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch Altay region of Xinjiang and to screen high-yield β-glucosidase strains. 【Methods】 Using Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch as the material,the endophytic bacteria in its taproot,fibrous root,stem and leaf were isolated,purified and identified by means of tissue homogenization combined with 16S rDNA and ITS-rDNA molecular biology methods. The β-glucosidase producing strains were screened by aescin medium and β-glucosidase activity determination. 【Results】 The results showed that 48 endophytes,33 endophytic bacteria and 15 endophytic fungi were isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The number of endophytic bacteria isolated from taproots and stems was the largest,and that of endophytic fungi colonized in taproots was the largest. The 33 endophytic bacteria from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch belonged to 8 genera,and the most Bacillus were isolated,and the endophytic bacteria in the taproot of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch were the most widely isolated species. The diversity in different parts was as follows:taproot > fibrous root = stem = leaf. 15 endophytic fungi from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch belonged to 7 genera,Cladosporium was the dominant genus of endophytic fungi. The diversity of endophytic fungi in different parts was as follows:taproot > stem > leaf > fibrous root. A total of 12 strains had the ability to produce β-glucosidase,among which the most strains isolated from taproots,accounted for 41.7%. 【Conclusion】 The diversity of taproot organ of cultivable endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch is rich and there are more β-glucosidase producing strains,which are the dominant part for breeding enzyme-producing strains.

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Study on fractal characteristics of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forest under different resolution remote sensing images MA Qiyao, HAO Kangdi, HU Tianqi, CHEN Zhe, WANG Zhenxi 2024, 61(1): 209-216.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1086KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the stability of the fractal characteristics of Tianshan Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forest in order to provide new ideas for the zoning investigation of Tianshan spruce forest by taking Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forest as the research object. 【Methods】 Taking the Tianshan spruce forest as the research object.Firstly,the worldview-3 image and UAV image were preprocessed by ENVI,PIX4D and other software,and then the fractal dimensions of 171 spruce forest quadrats were calculated by double blanket coverage model method and Fractal Brownian motion method in MATLAB; Finally,the calculation results are analyzed and discussed. 【Results】 (1)The value range of fractal dimension of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forest calculated by the two methods was mainly 2.3-2.6; Under WorldView-3 image,the double blanket coverage model method and Fractal Brownian motion method were used to calculate:the value range of fractal dimension of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forest calculated by the two methods was mainly between 2.2 and 2.7.(2) The value of the fractal dimension of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forest under the two resolution images would not change greatly with the increase of the number of values,and was always in a stable value range. 【Conclusion】 Based on the two methods,the fractal dimensions of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forest under UAV image and worldview-3 image are 2.4513 and 2.4782,respectively. At the same time,its value range of under two different resolutions(0.1and 0.5m) is basically the same,that is,Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forest has stable fractal characteristics at a certain resolution.

Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

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Design of and experiment on fresh corn flexible picking and damage-free collectting harvest header WANG Shanbo, Alimu Maimaitituerxun, LI Qianxu, DU Zhigao, ZHANG Wei 2024, 61(1): 217-229.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2396KB) ( )   【Objective】 A flexible harvesting and low-destructive header harvesting platform for fresh-food corn is to be designed. This finding can provide reference for mechanical harvesting loss reduction of fresh corn. 【Methods】 A two-stage transitional knife rolls was designed. Kinematic analysis of picking process was carried out to get the size and working parameters range of knife rolls and puller belt. Through theoretical analysis,the range of center distance of cutting knife rolls. Through discrete element simulation based on Hertz-Mindlin with bonding contact model,the suitable value of center distance of knife rolls. The knife rolls was assembled with staggered knife. It effectively alleviated the problem of high impurity content caused by excessive broken stalks. Through fatigue resistance test on two different kinds of rubber poking belts,and it was concluded. 【Results】 Designed a flexible harvesting and low-destructive header harvesting platform for fresh food corn.The main failure modes of rubber poking belts were wear of inner ring drive teeth,fracture of poking belt body and fatigue opening of outer ring poking teeth,and better wear and fatigue resistance of nitrile rubber poking belts with zinc oxide. A low-loss heading device was designed to effectively prevent damage caused by impact of causal spikes on stirrer blades,and the grain breakage rate was reduced by 0.08%. Through field orthogonal test and optimization,it was concluded that the forward speed of the machine was 7.2 km/h,the center distance of the knife rolls was 103 mm and the speed of the knife rolls was 700 r/min. 【Conclusion】 The average grain breakage rate and the average impurity content are 0.368% and 0.43%,respectively after optimization,which are better than the industry standard.

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Analysis of dynamic remote sensing monitoring changes in Kulusitai grassland in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2021 LIU Liang, PENG Jian, LI Gangyong, HAN Wanqiang, LIU Yujia, GUAN Jingyun, LIU Chengcai, ZHENG Jianghua 2024, 61(1): 230-240.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2250KB) ( )   【Objective】 Grassland is an important part of terrestrial ecosystem in the world. Dynamic monitoring of grassland will help to understand grassland status and provide important theoretical support for sustainable development and management of ecosystem. 【Methods】 Using the 2010-2021 Landsat images of the Kulusitai grassland in Xinjiang,seven vegetation indices were calculated,and the grassland degradation index(GDI) was constructed based on field measurements of grassland height,cover and biomass. An inversion model of degradation in Kulusitai grassland was established based on optimal vegetation index and GDI. The grassland degradation status in the study area was graded and graded,and finally the change in Kulusitai grassland was comprehensively analyzed from three aspects of grassland degradation grade,change direction and change intensity. 【Results】 (1) The weight of aboveground biomass,coverage and height in grassland degradation monitoring was determined by factor analysis in descending order:coverage(37.6%) > aboveground biomass(34.3%) > height(28.1%).(2) NDVI had the highest correlation with GDI among the seven vegetation indices,with R2 of 0.854,and the model of grassland degradation monitoring based on NDVI was GDI=0.860×NDVI+0.038.(3) From 2010 to 2021,the severely degraded area of Kulusitai grassland decreased,and the change direction was mainly in the degraded recovery type and the unchanged type,while the degraded enhanced type showed a decreasing trend,and the change intensity was mainly in the unchanged intensity and the slow intensity. 【Conclusion】 As a whole,the degradation process of the Xinjiang Kulusitai grassland has been weakening in the past 12 years.

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Effects of supplemental feeding amino acids on growth and blood biochemical indices of lactating foals under grazing conditions JING Hongxin, LI Jiahao, GUO Qingyong, ZHONG Mingbin, ZAHNG Chengming, MA Zhuang, Abudoushalamu Aihemaiti, LI Xiaobin 2024, 61(1): 241-252.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1105KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of amino acid supplementation on lactating mares under grazing conditions with a view of promoting the growth and development of lactating foals and blood biochemical indexes by improving milk yield and milk quality,and providing reference for the healthy growth of lactating foals under the condition of female milking. 【Methods】 Twenty-four Yili mares with similar foaling date(May) and 30 days of lactation were selected. They were 7-9 years old with 4-5 parities. The average daily 8 h milking volume from foaling to 30 days was (2.79±0.02) kg. The average weight of the 24 foals was (71.36±14.3) kg,8 females and 16 males. According to the sex of the foals,24 foals were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 mares(2 females and 4 males) in each group,which were control group,trial group Ⅰ,trial group Ⅱ and trial group Ⅲ,respectively. The foal groups were corresponding to the mares. Under the same grazing conditions(grazing time,drinking time,milking time and grazing pasture were the same),the control group was not fed any amino acid supplement,trial group Ⅰ was fed lysine 40 g/(d· horse),+ threonine 20 g/(d· horse),trial group Ⅱ was fed lysine 60 g/(d· horse),+ threonine 40 g/(d· horse). Test group Ⅲ was supplemented with lysine 80 g/(d· horse) + threonine 60 g/(d· horse). The supplementary feeding experiment lasted for 120 days. 【Results】 (1) In terms of body weight and body size,compared with the control group,trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ could significantly increase the body weight at 60 days,body height at 60 days and 90 days,total increase,and body skew length at 30 days and 120 days of nursing foals increased by 8.37%,4.44%,4.27%,24.22%,5.31%,5.20% and 6.25%,4.05%,4.09%,22.14%,5.55%,6.22%(P<0.01),respectively. At the same time,experimental group Ⅰ could significantly increase the breast circumference and total breast circumference of lactating foals at 60,90 and 120 days by 6.34%,9.38%,9.52% and 33.83%,respectively(P<0.05). Experimental group Ⅲ could only significantly increase the body height at 60 days,chest circumference at 61-90 days and 91-120 days,which were increased by 3.53%(P<0.01),25.17%(P<0.05) and 21.26%(P<0.05),respectively. There were no significant differences in tube circumference related indexes between experimental groups and control group(P > 0.05). (2) In terms of blood biochemical indicators,The levels of Glu,ALT,AST and ALP in the blood of nursing foals in experimental groups were significantly increased by 13.08%,33.91%,26.93%,6.19%,17.08%,38.18%,26.69%,9.43% and 13.08%,respectively,compared with the control group 12.02%,38.14%,18.38%,6.35%(P<0.01),meanwhile,The contents of TP,UA,T-Bil,γ-GT and Ca2+ in blood of nursing foals in trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly increased by 6.19%,23.44%,29.89%,15.47%,15.02% and 15.02%,respectively 6.67%,31.18%,30.07%,20.02%,14.00%(P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Supplementing lysine and threonine can significantly promote the growth of body weight and body size of lactating mares under grazing conditions,increase the contents of TP,ALB,GLB,Glu and Ca2+ in blood of lactating mares,increase the activity of ALT,AST and ALP,thus promoting the growth and development of foals. Supplementation of 40-60 g/(d·horse) lysine and 20-40 g/(d·horse) threonine to lactating mares can promote the growth and development of foals and body health.

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Sequence analysis and one-step RT-PCR establishment of VP7 protein coding gene of bluetongue isolated in Xinjiang MA Xiaojing, GU Wenxi, YE Feng, LIU Shuai, LIU Liya, XIE Caiyun, ZHONG Qi, YI Xinping 2024, 61(1): 253-259.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (737KB) ( )   【Objective】 According to conserved sequence of VP7 protein coding S7 gene of bluetongue isolated in Xinjiang,a one-step RT-PCR method was established,the results provides technical support for molecular epidemiological investigation and prevention of BTV in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The S7 gene sequence which was obtained by second-generation sequencing,were compared the homology by Blast in GenBank,and analyzed the difference by Mega 5.0. Primers were designed according to conserved sequence of S7 gene encoding VP7 protein of bluetongue isolated in Xinjiang by Oligo 6.0. One-step RT-PCR method was established,then specificity and sensitivity was verified. 【Results】 Sequence comparison results showed that S7 gene of bluetongue isolated in Xinjiang has highest homology with BTV isolated fragment reported by Harbin,it was 89.64%.The sequence similarity between S7 gene of bluetongue isolated in Xinjiang and other fragment including BTV-29 reported by Yunnan,BTV isolated from Mongolia and German were87.49%,87.39% and 80.70% respectively.Excpt those squences,there was no more homologous sequences.The results showed that there were 26 nucleotide variation and 9 amino acid variation between the S7 gene fragment sequence of Xinjiang isolate and 4 homologous sequences. 【Conclusion】 One-step RT-PCR was able to specifically detect S7 gene of bluetongue isolated in Xinjiang,simultaneously with the detection limit of 4.0×103 copies/mL. But no genomic RNA or DNA were amplified from BVDV and IBRV.