Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1461-1467.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.020

• Plant Protection • Soil Fertilizero Water Saving Irrigation • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Survey of the occurrence of apple tree Valsa canker and screening of new control agents

GENG Songyi(), SUN Hongtao, ZHAO Weiqi, WANG Mei, MA Rong()   

  1. 1. Collage of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
    2. Xinjiang Zhongzhihengchuang Agricultural and Forestry Technology Co, Ltd, Shuanghe Xinjiang 833408, China
  • Received:2023-10-15 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-08-08
  • Correspondence author: MA Rong
  • Supported by:
    Key R&D Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“R & D of Key Technologies for Early Warning and Prevention and Control of Walnut Rot Disease, Scorched Leaf Disease and Black Spot Disease of Red Jujube Fruit Driven by Environmental Factors(2021B02004-3)

苹果树腐烂病发生及新型防治药剂筛选

耿松毅(), 孙洪涛, 赵伟琦, 王梅, 芦屹, 马荣()   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆众致恒创农林科技有限责任公司,新疆双河 833408
  • 通讯作者: 马荣
  • 作者简介:耿松毅(1997-),男,山西太原人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林保护,(E-mail)1053106354@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项“基于环境因子驱动的核桃腐烂病、焦叶病和红枣果黑斑病预警及防控关键技术研发”(2021B02004-3)

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the occurrence of apple tree Valsa canker and green prevention and control measures in Shuanghe City, Xinjiang. 【Methods】 In April-September 2021, we investigated the dynamics of apple tree Valsa canker and the expansion pattern of spots in the honey crisp apple demonstration orchard of 81 mission in Shuanghe City, Xinjiang by using the method of regular surveys at fixed points, and sprayed three concentrations of Amino-oligosaccharide at the young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage for immuno-induced resistance, and conducted the auxin correction test and agent compounding test in spring and summer to observe the recurrence of spots by using the scraping and dry coating methods.After that, the control effect was calculated by using the scraping and drying methods to correct the disease spots in spring and summer. 【Results】 The results showed that the number of new spots in April and May accounted for 91.28% of the new spots in the whole growing season, and the expansion of spots from April to June accounted for 77.14% of the expansion of spots in the whole growing season; the spraying of Amino-oligosaccharide at the young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage of apple trees could induce host resistance, and the effectiveness of control against rots was 88.89% and 91.67%, respectively.The effectiveness of Tebuconazole 200 times + 100 times of Tebuconazole and 200 times of Tebuconazole + 100 times of Tebuconazole was 87.5% for both treatments; the highest effectiveness of Tebuconazole 200 times of Tebuconazole and Bacillus subtilis 200 times of Tebuconazole and Bacillus subtilis 200 times of Tebuconazole was 81.2%; the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis 200 times of Tebuconazole and Bacillus subtilis 200 times of Tebuconazole was 1∶2.The efficacy of tebuconazole 200 times with Bacillus subtilis 200 times 1∶2 was 75.2%, and the lowest efficacy of tebuconazole 200 times with Bacillus subtilis 200 times 1∶5 was 69.2%. 【Conclusion】 The study showed that the peak period of disease spot addition and expansion is from April to June, so preventive measures are recommended in this time.Spraying 500 times of amino-oligosaccharide at the young fruit stage can effectively improve the apple tree potential and enhance the disease resistance to the Valsa canker.Applying 200 times of pentothal 200 + 100 times of Turpentine, 200 times of Daidzinium + 100 times of Turpentine, and a 5∶1 ratio of chemical to biological agent compound can effectively reduce the occurrence and recurrence of apple tree Valsa canker after scraping the spots.

Key words: apple tree Valsa canker; occurrence pattern; immune-induced resistance; biological control; pharmaceutical compounding

摘要:

【目的】研究苹果树腐烂病的发生情况并筛选新型防治药剂。【方法】于2021年4~9月定点定期调查新疆生产建设兵团第五师81团(新疆双河市)蜜脆苹果示范园苹果树腐烂病发生情况,分析病斑扩展规律,在苹果幼果期、果实膨大期喷施3种浓度的氨基寡糖素进行免疫诱抗,在春季、夏季采用刮治法、涂干法对已发病病斑进行助剂校正和药剂复配试验,观察病斑的复发情况并计算防治效果。【结果】2021年4月和5月2个月的新生病斑数占整个生长期新生病斑数的91.28%。4~6月病斑扩展量占整个生长期病斑扩展量的77.14%;在苹果树的幼果期和果实膨大期喷施氨基寡糖素能够诱导寄主产生抗性,对腐烂病的防效分别为88.89%、91.67%;化学药剂添加助剂后有利于提高防效,戊挫醇200倍液+透翠100倍液和代森铵200倍液+透翠100倍液等2种处理对腐烂病的防效均为87.5%;化学药剂和生物药剂复配后防效最高(防效达81.2%),配比为戊唑醇200倍液与枯草芽孢杆菌200倍液5∶1;枯草芽孢杆菌200倍液与代森铵200倍液1∶2的处理防效为75.2%,戊唑醇200倍液与枯草芽孢杆菌200倍液1∶5处理防效最低,防效为69.2%。【结论】2021年在4~6月病斑新增和扩展的高峰期进行预防,在幼果期喷施氨基寡糖素500倍液可有效提高苹果树势,增强对腐烂病的抵抗力,在刮除病斑后涂抹戊挫醇200倍液+透翠100倍液、代森铵200倍液+透翠100倍液、施用戊唑醇200倍液与枯草芽孢杆菌200倍液按照5∶1的配比可有效降低苹果树腐烂病的发生和复发。

关键词: 苹果树腐烂病, 发生规律, 免疫诱抗, 生物防治, 药剂复配

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