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20 October 2022, Volume 59 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics
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Effects of Density and Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation on Nitrate Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Cotton Field with Constant Row Spacing of 76cm CHENG ShaoYu, LIN Tao, WU Fengquan, HOU Peike, ZHANG Liying, TANG Qiuxiang 2022, 59(10): 2341-2351.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1535KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the mechanized cotton planting mode with equal row spacing of 76 cm, which is a new mechanized cotton planting mode, which is beneficial to chemical leaf defoliation and ripeness, and improves the picking efficiency and quality.In order to further clarify the pattern of water consumption and yield benefit, optimize and improve the supporting high yield technical measures, and provide a theoretical basis for improving the current supporting technology of 76 cm equal row spacing machine cotton picking.【Methods】 Based on the field experiment, three planting densities (low-density M1, 135,000 plants/hm2; Medium density M2, 180,000 plants/hm2; To study the effects of high-density M3, 225,000 plants/hm2) and irrigation quota [severe deficit W1 (50% ETC), 3,150 m3/hm2; mild deficit W2 (75% ETC), 4,050 m3/hm2; and fully irrigated W3 (100% ETC), 4,980 m3 /hm2] on soil water distribution, water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency in 76 cm machine-cut cotton field with equal row spacing.【Results】 Different planting densities and irrigation quotas had significant effects on soil water distribution.The distribution of water in the soil profile presents an overall pattern, and the soil water content increases with the deepening of soil layer.Under the same irrigation quota, the increase of density significantly increased the upper soil moisture content, which resulted in the increase of the overall water distribution uniformity.Under the same planting density, compared with the heavy deficit irrigation, full irrigation significantly increased the water consumption of cotton field, and significantly increased the water content of the underlying soil on the basis of the increase of the overall soil water content, resulting in the overall water distribution uniformity increased at first and then decreased.In addition, there were significant differences in yield and water use efficiency under different densities and irrigation quota.The combination of high density and heavy deficit irrigation had the highest water use efficiency, which reached 14.08 kg/(hm2·mm) and exceeded the simulated value by 10.18%.The cotton yield of low density and full irrigation combinations was the highest, but there was no significant difference between high density and heavy deficit irrigation combinations.【Conclusion】 Under the condition of comprehensive consideration of yield and water use efficiency, we concluded that the combination of 225,000 plants/hm2 density and 3,150 m3/hm2 irrigation quota was the most suitable planting pattern for mechanized cotton harvesting with 76 cm row spacing, which was beneficial to the improvement of cotton yield and water use efficiency.The results can provide a basis for the popularization and application of machine-picking cotton with equal row spacing of 76 cm, and also provide a reference for the combination of density and irrigation quota with irrigation conditions.

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Effects of Moulding Agent on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Cotton LI Jiangyu, ZHAO Qiang, WU Xueqin, MA Chunmei, REN Ruofei, XU Doudou, TIAN Yanqing 2022, 59(10): 2352-2357.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (721KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare the effects of different plasticizers on agronomic traits, yield and quality of cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for selecting reasonable plasticizers.【Method】 Cotton variety Xinluzao 67 was taken as testing material, three kinds of plasticizers were selected and applied twice in the full bud stage (June 26) and early flowering stage (July 13) according to the application method before manual topping, two doses were set as T1 flumetralin 70 mL /667m2, T2 hydroxyl-eniotriazole 12 mL /667m2, T3 prohexadione calcium 15 g/667m2 and control (CK) mepiquat-chloride 5.5g/667m2.【Results】 The results showed that prohexadione calcium had the best inhibitory effect on the plant height elongation, while the inhibitory effect of flumetralin and hydroxyl-eniotriazole on the plant height was slightly weaker.Compared with the control, the plant height was 7.20%, 5.90% and 4.36% higher in the treatment offlumetralin, hydroxyl-eniotriazole and mepiquat-chloride.The height-width ratio of flumetralin could promote the compactness of cotton plants, but it was not significantly different from those of flumetralin and hydroxyl-eniotriazole.The number of moss on fruit branch of cotton increased by 9.51 and 9.45, respectively, which was higher than that of flumetralin 9.10, and the number of moss was increased by flumetralin and prohexadione.The yield and quality results showed that the highest boll weight was 5.51 g in the treatment of prohexadione, which was increased by 0.03 g compared with CK, and the treatment of hydroxyl-eniotriazoledecreased by 0.49 g compared with CK.The seed cotton yield of all treatments showed no significant difference compared with CK (P>0.05), among which, the seed cotton yield of prohexadione was the highest, reaching 7,164.04kg/hm2, which was increased by 728.69 kg/hm2 compared with CK.There was no difference in lint between the treatments and the CK (P<0.05).There were no differences in Micronaire value, maturity, uniformity, specific strength, fiber length and elongation between test groups and CK (P<0.05).The Micronaire value of hydroxyl-eniotriazole and prohexadionecalcium was standard grade, and the grade of flumetralin and CK was C.【Conclusion】 Different moulding agents have different effects on shaping agronomic traits of cotton, but all of them can reduce plant height and compact plant type to a certain extent.Higher agronomic traits in cotton strains treated with Prohexadione calcium were similar to that of mepiquat-chloride and the yield has a certain increase.Prohexadione calcium can be selected as the best moulding agent for cotton at flowering and bud stage.

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Analysis of Representative Genetic Traits in Cotton after Crossing REN Dan, HUANG Yajie, CUI Jinxin, PANG Bo, GAO Wenwei 2022, 59(10): 2358-2364.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (527KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to study the direct and inverse crosses between upland cotton and Sea Island Cotton with the same parents, and with a view to provide providing reference for early breeding of stable agronomic traits in the field by studying the genetic variation of agronomic traits in the progenies and selecting excellent individuals. 【Method】 The F2 segregation population of Upland Cotton TM-1 and Sea Island Cotton Xinhai 16 were used as materials. Then the variation coefficient, correlation analysis and principal component analysis of plant height, first node height, first node number, fruit branch number, effective branch number, boll number, effective boll number, single boll weight and lint percentage were compared. 【Result】 the coefficient of variation (CV) of reciprocal cross and reciprocal cross was analyzed. It was found that the coefficient of variation (CV) of boll number (0.51%) and effective boll number (0.47%) was the highest in the sea land population. The coefficients of variation of boll number (0.50%) and effective boll number (0.50%) were the highest in land and sea populations. In the analysis of population correlation, there were significant or extremely significant correlations between agronomic traits in the orthogonal population and the backcross population. In the first principal component analysis with higher eigenvalue, the highest number of fruit branches (0.878) and effective branches (0.895) were found in the sea land population, and the highest number of fruit branches (0.82) and effective branches (0.819) were observed in the land sea population. 【Conclusion】 There was no significant difference in agronomic traits between the direct and inverse crosses. The variation range of boll number and effective boll number in progeny population is wide, and the correlation between each character is significant. In principal component analysis, the contribution rate of fruit branch number and effective branch number is higher, so the fruit branch number, boll number, effective boll number and effective branch number are selected as the main characters of early breeding individual plant screening, and 40 excellent individual plants are selected, which can provide early selection for cross breeding.

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Association Analysis of Fusarium wilt Resistance Traits and SSR Markers in Island Cotton LU Xiaoshuang, ZHANG Mengjie, HAN Wanli, LONG Yilei, LIU Pengfei, CHEN Quanjia, QU Yanying, DENG Xiaojuan 2022, 59(10): 2365-2373.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (943KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide reference for the utilization of Fusarium wilt resistant cotton breeding materials and marker-assisted selection by carrying out SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) molecular marker association analysis on 204 island cotton germplasm resources.【Method】 40 pairs of SSR markers were designed based on the disease resistance gene sequences studied in the previous laboratory.The specificity of marker primers was screened by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 204 samples of island cotton germplasm resources were identified.【Results】 (1) Six pairs of primers were selected from 40 pairs of primers with polymorphism, and two molecular markers, CHS-04 and CHS-05, were selected after repeated repeats, both from the flavonoid metabolic pathway; (2) Molecular markers and laboratory identification of 204 germplasm were used to identify Fusarium wilt.The results of comprehensive analysis showed that the primers CHS-04 amplified bands had a consistent rate of 41.67%-52.94% with an average of 46.67%.The coincidence rate of the amplified band of CHS-05 primer and the population material ranged from 30.39% to 54.68% with an average of 35.78%.【Conclusion】 Primers CHS-04 and CHS-05 can be used as molecular markers for identification of Fusarium wilt resistance of Sea Island Cotton.

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Effects of Irrigation Quota on Water use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton Field under Subsoiling Tillage WANG Liang, Wumaierjiang Kuerban, GUO Rensong, LIN Tao, XU Haijiang, ZHENG Zipiao, CUI Jianping, TIAN Liwen 2022, 59(10): 2374-2383.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1237KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of irrigation quota on cotton growth and development, soil moisture distribution, water use efficiency and yield under subsoiling tillage in southern Xinjiang, optimize the irrigation system of drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang, which provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the irrigation system of drip irrigation cotton field and realizing efficient water use, water saving and increase production in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 Therefore, a cotton cultivation field positioning drip irrigation quotas experiment was carried out under the condition of subsoiling 40 cm from April to October of 2019 in Awati County experimental base of the arid inland Tarim Basin, Northwest Xinjiang, four drip irrigation quotas of 2400 m3/hm2(W1),3,000 m3/hm2(W2),3,600 m3/hm2(W3)and 4,200 m3/hm2(W4) were set,aiming to explore the effects of different drip irrigation quotas on cotton growth and development, water use efficiency (WUE) and the growth characteristics and crop productivity in cotton growing seasons.【Results】 Under the condition of 40 cm subsoiling, the plant height and leaf area index of cotton increased linearly with the increase of irrigation quota,The plant height and leaf area index of W3 and W4 treatment were significantly higher than that of W1 treatment; The increase of irrigation quota promoted the formation of biomass in the later growth stage and was conducive to the increase of yield,but the excessive irrigation quota was not conducive to biomass accumulation and yield formation.The biomass accumulation of different treatments showed the change of W3 > W2 > W4 > W1, and W3 treatment was significantly higher than W1 treatment (P<0.05), which was 18.8%, 9.6% and 13.9% higher than W1, W2 and W4 treatment respectively; With the increase of irrigation quota, the soil water content in each growth period showed an increasing trend in 0 ~ 80 cm soil layer, but too much irrigation was easy to cause water infiltration;However, excessive irrigation is easy to cause water infiltration; For yield and component factors, The number of bolls per plant in W3 treatment was significantly higher than that in W1 treatment by 10.9%, the yield of seed cotton in W2 and W3 treatment was significantly higher than that in W1 and W4 treatment (P<0.05), and the yield of seed cotton in W2 treatment was 10.9%, 0.6% and 11.8% higher than that in W1, W2 and W3 treatment, respectively; Water use efficiency decreased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota (P<0.05), and there were significant differences among different treatments.【Conclusion】 When the irrigation quota is in the range of 3,000-3,600 m3/hm2, it is more conducive to promote cotton growth and development and dry matter accumulation, better balance the relationship between water use and yield, and facilitate yield formation, Under the condition of 40 cm subsoiling.

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Defoliant on Cotton Defoliation Effect and Its Influence on the Yield of Different Position Fruit Branches CUI Jinxin, LU Xiaoshuang, LI Shengmei, YANG Tao, PANG Bo, WANG Honggang, GAO Wenwei 2022, 59(10): 2384-2393.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1047KB) ( )   【Objective】 This research aims to study the effect of defoliantion spraying time on cotton defoliation and the yield of fruit branches at different positions in the hope of screening out the appropriate defoliant spraying time and providing a theoretical basis for increasing yield and quality.【Method】 The five main varieties of northern Xinjiang were taken as materials, three spraying treatments were set up during the boll-out period, with boll-out rate of 10%-20% (T1), boll-out rate of 30%-50% (T2), and boll-out rate of 70%-80% (T3), with spraying clean water as the control (CK) to explore the effect of defoliant treatment on cotton defoliation rate, boll spit rate, yield and yield components.【Results】 The results showed that Miaobao 21 and Xinluzao 37 had the best defoliation effect at T3; Nongda 1, Guoxin 73 and C1 had the best defoliation effect at T2.Defoliant treatment had little effect on the boll-out rate of Miaobao 21 and Nongda 1, and the boll-out rate was about 85%.It had a greater impact on the boll release rate of Guoxin 73 and C1, and Miaobao 21 T2 was significantly higher than those of T1.Nongda 1, Guoxin No.73 and Xinluzao 37 T1 boil-off rate was higher than those of other treatments.Nongda 1, Guoxin 73 and Xinluzao 37 T1 boil-off rate was higher than those of other treatments.The highest T3 spitting rate was observed between the C1 treatments.With the spraying time of the defoliant, the natural flocculation increased (T3>T2>T1), and the increase of the flocculation of each variety and treatment gradually decreased (T1>T2>T3).During the T2 period of Miaobao 21 and Nongda 1, the yield of seed cotton and lint increased significantly, but the lint score was relatively low, and the CK lint score was the highest.C1 clothing score was significantly higher than that of T1 during T2. Different varieties, treatments and positions of fruit branches had interactive effects on yield, lint percentage and boll weight.【Conclusion】 The study has found that Miaobao 21, Nongda 1, Guoxin 73, and C1 have better defoliation effects at T2, better flocculation rate, relatively higher seed cotton yield and lint yield, and lower lint; the defoliation of Xinluzao 37 at T3 is the best, the flocculation rate is higher, the yield is the highest, and the lint and boll weight are the highest.

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Effects of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Different Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars under Extremely-Late Sowing SUN Shiren, XUE Lihua, ZHANG Jianxin 2022, 59(10): 2394-2401.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1432KB) ( )   【Objective】 To ascertain photosynthetic characteristics and grain-filling rate and yield of different winter and spring wheat cultivars under extremely-late sowing. 【Method】 The suitable sowing period of winter wheat is from 20th to 30th in September, and the planting period of this test is October 31, with a delay of 31-41 days sowing. Under ultra-late sowing conditions,the randomized block designed field experiment was compared the difference between photosynthetic characteristics, grain-filling rate and yield of different winter and spring wheat cultivars in the field. 【Result】 The leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity of winter and spring wheat varieties varied among different cultivars. The yields of Xindong 41 and Xinchun 6 were higher than other cultivars, which were 60.2 and 58.1, 33.1 μmol/(m2·s) and 32.5 μmol/(m2·s), 10.22 m mol/(m2·s) and 10.41 m mol/(m2·s), 0.33 mol/(m2·s) and 0.36 mol/(m2·s). The peak rate of the maximum grain-filling rate of spring wheat cultivars occurred 18-20 days after, while winter wheat occurred 15-17 days after. The yields of Xindong 41 and Xinchun6 were relatively high, ranging from 7,812.3 kg/hm2 to 7,935.6 kg/hm2. The number of high-yielding spikes was 431.7×104/hm2~475.2×104/hm2, the number of spikes was 31.6-36.3, and the number of thousands of grains weight was 51.7~52.8 g.【Conclusion】 Comprehensively considering all the factors, Xindong 41 and Xinchun 6 are more suitable for ultra-late winter sowing in northern Xinjiang.

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Effects of Yuhuangjin on Microstructure and Bending Strength of Spring Maize Stem WU Minhua, WU Jiaying, YU Xinhua, ZHANG Kaixuan, LU Haibo, ZHAO Haichao, LIU Zigang, HUANG Zhihong 2022, 59(10): 2402-2410.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1115KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of chemical control agent Yuhuangjin (30% prochloraz and ethephon ) on microstructure and flexural strength of spring maize stem.【Method】 Jingnongke 728 and Jinnong 738 were taken as experimental materials, the stem bending strength, the microstructure of stem and the correlation and path analysis between the microstructure of vascular bundle and the bending strength of stem were carried out.【Results】 The results showed that: the number of vascular bundles has the most direct influence on the bending strength of stem, there was an extremely significant negative correlation is -0.760; there was an extremely significant positive correlattion with xylem area, which is 0.970; it was positively correlated with the average area of single vascular bundle, the maximum diameter of vascular bundle and the thickness of epidermal cells 0.661, 0.659 and 0.632 respectively. 【Conclusion】 The number of vascular bundles of Jingnongke 728 and Jinnong 738 decreases per unit area at different planting densities after spraying 200 mg/L Yuhuangjin, but the thickness of epidermis increases, the maximum diameter of vascular bundle is the largest, the bending strength is improved, and the lodging resistance is enhanced.

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Drought Resistance Identification of 28 Maize Lines ZOU Chenglin, TAN Hua, HUANG Kaijian, HUANG Aihua, ZHAI Ruining, MO Runxiu 2022, 59(10): 2411-2420.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (800KB) ( )   【Objective】 To indentify the drought resistance of 28 maize inbred lines with a view to providing a basis for maize germplasm innovation and varieties breeding of drought resistant in Guangxi.【Method】 Under normal irrigation and drought stress, ear length, ear diameter, ear rows number, row kernels number and 100-kernels weight were measured, and yield index was also determined.Drought resistances of different maize inbred lines were evaluated by the D value of ear characters drought coefficient and the drought index of yield.【Result】 The D value obtained by subordinate function method ranged from 0.318,6 to 0.985,7, including 12 inbred lines with strong drought resistance, 10 with moderate drought resistance and 6 with weak drought resistance.Yield drought index ranged from 0.387,7 to 1.458,3, including 7 inbred lines with strong drought resistance, 10 with moderate drought resistance and 11 with weak drought resistance.The relationship between the two kinds of evaluation results was significantly correlated with a coefficient of 0.740,2.【Conclusion】 Both yield drought resistance index and subordinate function method can be used to evaluate drought resistance of maize inbred lines.Two aspects of the evaluation results show that D1101, Q901, VN, Gui39722, YD2, D1113 and SP221 were strong drought resistance inbred lines.

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Effects of Subsoiling on the Characteristics of Morphological Structure and Biomass Accumulation of Sugar Beet in Long-term Leaf Cluster Abdukadier Kurban, CHEN Yongqiang, LIU Huajun, PAN Jinghai, LI Xiaohui, LIN Ming, LU Weidan, BAI Xiaoshan, DONG Xinjiu, LI Sizhong 2022, 59(10): 2421-2430.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1154KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of subsoiling depth on the plant morphological structure and biomass accumulation of sugar beet during the growth period in southern Xinjiang, so as to provide a basis for the construction of reasonable tillage layer of sugar beet field in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 A field randomized block design was used in this study and four subsoiling treatments were set: 35 cm (S35), 45 cm (S45) and 55 cm (S55) to study the effects of different subsoiling depths on plant morphological structure characteristics, biomass accumulation of various organs, and the correlation between morphological structure characteristics of leaves and petioles and morphological indexes of root tubers. 【Results】 The leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight, petiole length, petiole diameter and petiole fresh weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of leaf order during the growth period of beet leaf cluster, among which, the maximum value of L5 leaf appeared, which could be used as functional leaf and the subsoiling depth of 55 cm promoted the growth of long-term functional leaf and petiole of beet leaf cluster. Compared with CK, the root length, root diameter, root girth and fresh weight of root increased by 25.93%, 25.59%, 30.15% and 19.19%, respectively (P< 0.05), and the ratio of total fresh weight per plant and leaf fresh weight increased by 29.99% and 9.96%, respectively, while the ratio of root fresh weight and root shoot ratio decreased by 8.35% and 14.29%.【Conclusion】 Subsoiling depth of 55 cm in southern Xinjiang can effectively promote the growth of sugar beet leaves.

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Study on the Law of Nutritional Growth Period and Root Tuber Expansion of Sugar Beet in Xinjiang SUN Linlin, HU Huabing, LIU Jianxiong, YUAN Tuantuan, HUAN Ting, DING Zhaofei, LIU Xun, LIU Changbing 2022, 59(10): 2431-2437.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (944KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the change law of the vegetative growth period of sugar beet under drip irrigation in Xinjiang in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the growth control of sugar beet high-yield and high-quality production by investigating the sugar accumulation process during the vegetative growth period of sugar beet and the rule of tuber swelling formation.【Method】 After thinning, the number of green leaves, dead leaves, leaf height, tuber diameter and circumference of 5 sugar beets were measured at fixed points in the field every 5 days, and the whole plant was excavated without lack of seedlings.5 plants were measured for leaf weight, stem and leaf length.For indicators such as fresh root weight and hammerness, the leaf clusters and root dry matter were measured every 15 days, and the growth of the above-ground part of the plant and the change of the underground part were analyzed.【Results】 From early June to late July, leaf clumps grew rapidly, the root leaf ratio was less than 1,and the growth rate of leaf clumps was higher than that of roots, and the sugar content fluctuated greatly under the influence of water; from late July to early September, the growth of leaf clumps showed a downward trend, and the roots exceeded the growth rate of the leaf clumps, and the root leaf ratio was greater than 1; from early September to early mid-October, a large number of beet leaf clumps withered, the growth of tuber roots tended to be flat, and the sugar content increased rapidly.【Conclusion】 From early June to late July is the period of leaf cluster formation, and the growth center is located in the leaf cluster;The sugar content of root tuber increased from late July to early September, and the growth center was located in root tuber; The sugar accumulation period is from early September to early October.

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Investigation and Analysis of Sugar Beet Planting Status and Comparative Benefit in the Northern Xinjiang LIN Ming, LU Weidan, CAO Yu, LI Weinong, CHEN Youqiang, LIU Huajun, PAN Jinghai, Abdukadier Kurban, WANG Zhimin 2022, 59(10): 2438-2445.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1027KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare and analyze the planting situation, production input and output of the Xinjiang beet and the total production cost per mu and its structure by taking Yili Rive Valley, Tacheng-Emin Basin and the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain as the research areas.【Methods】 The questionnaire data, the classification comparison method and proportion analysis method were used to compare and analyze the planting situation and economic benefits of sugar beet in Xinjiang.【Results】 The Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains and Tacheng-Emin Basin are 6.67-33.3 hm2, accounting for a higher proportion of 33.33% and 42.86%, respectively;The farmers with yield per unit area of 4-5 t/667 m2 were the most, accounting for 43.28%, followed by those with yield area of 5-6 t/667 m2, accounting for 32.84%. Farmers below 4 t/667 m2 accounted for only 5.97% of the total.The contract fee of Tacheng-Emin Basin is 329.29 yuan/667m2, which is significantly lower than that of the other two beet growing areas, while the contract fee of the north slope of Tianshan Mountains is 550 yuan/667m2, which is 83.77 yuan/667m2 higher than that of all surveyed households.In the total cost composition of sugar beet planting, the contract cost, labor cost and machinery cost all accounted for a high proportion. The sugar beet planting cost in the north slope of Tianshan Mountain, Tacheng-Emin Basin and Yili Valley were 1,716.07 yuan, 1,429.76 yuan and 1,736.97 yuan /667m2, respectively.【Conclusion】 The production cost and economic benefit of sugar beet were affected by different planting areas, and the cost return rate of different regions was as follows: Tacheng-Emin Basin>Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain>Yili Rive Valley, and contract cost, labor cost, machinery cost and fertilizer cost constituted the most important items of sugar beet planting items.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Forestry·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering

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QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Sucrose Content in the Center Flesh of Muskmelon YANG Yong, FAN Rong, ZHANG Xuejun, LI Meihua, LING Yueming, ZHANG Hong, YANG Wenli, JIANG Xue, ZHANG Yongbing, YI Hongping 2022, 59(10): 2446-2455.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1879KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to analyze the content of sucrose in the center flesh of muskmelon by QTL mapping and find out the candidate genes, thus laying a genetic foundation for the genetic improvement of muskmelon with high sucrose content.【Method】 The F2 population was derived from a cross between VZX with high sucrose content as the female parent and HP (high generation inbred lines) with low sucrose content as the male parent. The sucrose content determination was based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). QTL for the sucrose content in the center flesh of muskmelon were detected by bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method and candidate genes were analyzed combined with bioinformatics. 【Results】 The sucrose content in the center flesh of muskmelon was approximately normal distribution in the F2 population, which was consistent with the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. A total of 32.62 G (average 8.16 G) of valid data were obtained by whole-genome resequencing of the parents and two bulked pools, and a 3.29 Mb interval was located on chromosome 8. A total of 108 genes were annotated. After that, further GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out. A candidate gene EVM0000647 involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the initial localization interval was obtained by combining transcription data. There were no synonymous mutations in the coding region of EVM0000647 between the high-glucose and low-glucose parents, but there were a lot of different sites in its promoter region, and the expression levels were obviously different between parents. 【Conclusion】 One QTL with 3.29 Mb interval is located on chromosome 8 based on BSA method. EVM0000647gene involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway is identified by bioinformatics analysis. There are distinct differences in the expression levels between high-glucose and low-glucose parents, which may play a significant role in the sucrose accumulation in the center flesh of muskmelon.

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Genome-Wide Characterization and Analysis of GRF Gene Family in the Solanum pennellii DAI Qi, XU Ruiqiang, LI Ning, WANG Baike, WANG Juan, HUANG Shaoyong, Patiguli Aisimutuola, YU Qinghui 2022, 59(10): 2456-2465.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1641KB) ( )   【Objective】 Analysis of Gene Family in the Solanum pennellii.【Methods】 In this study, the whole genome of Pannellii GRF gene family members was identified and analyzed based on bioinformatics methods, and its origin and evolution were traced.【Result】 Ten SpGRF members were identified in S.pennellii tomato, and they were unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes.The physical and chemical properties such as molecular weight, isoelectric point and total hydrophilic mean of SpGRFs protein were predicted.The phylogenetic tree showed that SpGRFs gene could be divided into six subfamilies.All SpGRF genes contained a QLQ and a WRC domain at the N-terminal and several conserved motifs at the C-terminal.The results of collinearity showed that there were three pairs of six paragenetic homologous genes in the genome, all of which were fragment replication.Under the pressure of natural selection, SpGRFs had a common ancestor, which was closer to Arabidopsis.【Conclusion】 This study successfully identifies the basic information of GRF gene family in S.pennellii, which has laid a theoretical foundation for explaining the function of GRF family and the mining of wild tomato gene resources.

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Effects of Different Rootstocks on Leaf Characteristics of Crimson Seedless Grape HU Xin, XIAN He, ZHANG Fuchun, ZHOU Xiaoming, HAN Shouan, WANG Min, DING Xiang, PAN Mingqi, ZHONG Haixia, ZENG Bin, WU Xinyu 2022, 59(10): 2466-2474.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1398KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare and analyze the effects of 6 diffterent rootstocks on leaf appearancetraits,chlorophyll content and leaf tissue structure of Crimson seedless grapes in the hope of providing a theorelical basis for screening out rootstocks that are more conducive to leaf development of the grapes.【Method】 The Crimson seedless grape grafted with 6 rootstocks of 5BB, 101-14MG, 110R, 5C, SO4, and Betta were used as the test materials, and its grafted root seedlings and their own root seedlings were used as double controls for the study.Furthermore, the leaves, petioles, The chlorophyll content and leaf skin thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness and other leaf tissue structures were measured.【Results】 Grafting of 6 rootstocks with Crimson seedless grapes affected their leaf characteristics, chlorophyll content and leaf tissue structure.Among them, the leaf length (145.92 mm), leaf width (202.35 mm) and leaf area (145.69 mm2) of the Crimson seedless grape grafted with rootstock 5BB were 17.02%, 21.69% and 33.07% higher than those of Crimson seedlings, respectively.The seedlings grafted with nuclear rootstock were 15.22%, 21.36% and 33.12% higher, respectively.The 5BB rootstock grafted with Crimson seedless could significantly improve the leaf quality.Crimson seedless grafted with 5BB performed best in petiole length (124.59 mm), petiole width (3.95 mm), and petiole thickness (3.60 mm), which was significantly higher than those of other treatments, indicating that 5BB was beneficial to petioles development.Rootstock 101-14MG and Crimson seedless grafted seedlings had the highest chlorophyll content (42.50), which was 19.45% higher than that of Crimson seedless grafted seedlings (35.58), but 4.78% lower than that of the self-rooted seedlings (44.53); different rootstocks and Crimson seedless grafting had different effects on the leaf tissue structure.Among them, the thickness of the leaf tissue of the Crimson seedless grape grafted with the rootstock 110R (207.80 μm), the thickness of the epidermis (21.48 μm), the thickness of the fence tissue (55.94 μm), and the thickness of the sponge tissue (109.75 μm) were significantly higher than those of other stocks and stock combinations.Compared with the control group, it was significantly improved, and the leaf tissue structure was the best.【Conclusion】 Based on various indicators, among the 6 rootstocks, 5BB grafted Crimson seedless leaves and petioles have the best appearance traits.Rootstock 101-14MG and grafted Crimson seedless have the highest chlorophyll content.Rootstock 110R grafted Crimson seedless leaf tissue structure is the best, so rootstocks 5BB, 101-14MG, and 110R are excellent rootstocks that might be more conducive to the growth and development of Crimson seedless leaves.

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Effects of Inclined Dragon Trunk Shaping (V+ horizontal) Leaf Curtain Cultivation on Cluster Micro-Environment, Fruit Quality and Benefit of the Xinyu Grapes BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, CAI Junshe 2022, 59(10): 2475-2485.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1546KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of inclined dragon trunk shaping (V+ horizontal) leaf curtain cultivation mode on the culster micro-environment, fruit quality, powdery mildew occurrence and economic benefits of table grapes in Turpan area in the hope of providing reference for high-quality and efficient cultivation of table grapes in this producing region.【Method】 The Xinyu grape in Turpan was taken as the test material, inclined dragon trunk shaping (V+ horizontal) leaf curtain cultivation adopted, and the traditional small trellis cultivation used as a control, the culster micro-environment during fruit development under the two cultivation modes were compared to find out the differences in fruit quality, powdery mildew occurrence and economic benefits during harvest.【Results】 The results showed that compared with traditional small trellis cultivation, inclined dragon trunk shaping (V+ horizontal) leaf curtain cultivation improved the light and heat levels in the culster micro-environment during the development of Xinyu grape, and the average temperature difference increased by 2.37℃.The average daily total radiation was 1.47 times that of the small trellis, which reduced the surface humidity and high humidity ratio of the fruit, and improved the micro-environment of culster; berry mass, soluble solid content and anthocyanins of skin content increased by 32.09%,31.04% and 171.43% respectively, fruit ripening happened 10 days earlier, coloured ripeness was good, fruit quality, storage and commodity rate increased obviously, incidence and disease index of powdery mildew were reduced by 59.49 % and 60.85 % respectively, the simple and efficient cultivation mode reduced the production cost and increased the economic benefit of a unit of area by 86.50 %.【Conclusion】 The 'Xinyu' grapes in Turpan region which adopts inclined dragon trunk shaping (V+ horizontal) leaf curtain cultivation achieves the goal of high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation.

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Effect of Drip Irrigation with Saltwater during Flowering on Main Characters of 10 Tomato Germplasm and Evaluation of Salt Tolerance LIAO Niu, DIAO Ming, CUI Hongxin, NIU Ning, LIU Huiying 2022, 59(10): 2486-2494.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (975KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the physiological characteristics of main plants and leaves of 10 different tomato germplasm by drip irrigation with saline at the flowering stage and screen out excellent salt-tolerant germplasm with a view to providing reference for the improvement of excellent salt-tolerant new varieties.【Method】 Ten different tomato germplasm were used as test materials, and clear water drip irrigation was taken as control.The salt water (6 ms/cm) configured with NaCl was employed for salt stress treatment during the whole growth period to determine the plant height, stem thickness, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) value, leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) activity.【Result】 Under the stress of saline drip irrigation at flowering stage, the plant height, stem thickness and SPAD value of different tested tomato materials were reduced to varying degrees, and the soluble protein content, SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities were increased to different degrees.The membership function method and principal component analysis method were used to comprehensively evaluate the salt tolerance of 10 different tomato germplasm, and the order from strong to weak was as follows: C3>C1>C5>C9>C8> C2>C7>C6>C10>C4.【Conclusion】 The stress of saline drip irrigation at the flowering stage causes oxidative damage to the leaves of all the tested tomato materials, and their growth was inhibited, and they responded to salt stress through osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzymatic systems.Different tomato materials have different sensitivity and tolerance to salt water drip irrigation.The salt resistance of the tested materials from strong to weak is: C3>C1>C5>C9>C8>C2>C7>C6>C10>C4.

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Design and Performance Evaluation of Automatic Pressure Tester for Processing Tomato GUO Huijing, LI Ziqin, LI Jixin, ZHAO Zhiyong, SONG Fangyuan 2022, 59(10): 2495-2501.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (994KB) ( )   【Objective】 This research aims to design and manufacture a new type of automatic stress tolerance tester for tomato fruits.【Methods】 Different varieties of fresh tomato fruits were used as test materials to carry out pressure test.The manufacturing process of the measuring instrument and the importance of pressure test were analyzed, and different instruments were compared to verify the reliability of the instrument.【Results】 Shifan 45 and Heinz 3501 had higher quality compared with the other 4 kinds of tomatoes; the pressure tolerance of single fruit will be affected by the fruit type index, single fruit weight, pulp thickness, etc.; the fully automatic pressure tester could accurately record single fruit and the change process of the average pressure resistance value and deformation value, and the fruit showed obvious changes at the moment of rupture, the data was clear and accurate; the average value of the pressure resistance of a variety of fruits could be obtained after one measurement; the hardness and flexibility can be measured; the test range was wide (0-5,000 N) with long test stroke (0-140 mm), and the operating speed was adjustable (0-200 mm/min stepless speed change).【Conclusion】 The pressure resistance tester manufactured in this study is not affected by the environment, and the data is more accurate, so it can be effectively used to measure the pressure resistance of different varieties of tomatoes and improve the measurement efficiency; What is more, it is simple to operate, economical and practical, and has a wide range of popularization values.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Photosynthetic Efficiency of Pigmented Peppers XIE Xueguo, YUAN Lei, WANG Shining, SHENG Lingfeng, XIA Yahui, JI Xuehua 2022, 59(10): 2502-2513.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1116KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen reduction on photosynthetic efficiency of pepper, the relationship between nitrogen content and photosynthetic efficiency under different nitrogen reduction levels was analyzed.【Method】 Four nitrogen application levels were set in pots,Seedling period: N1(47.52 kg/hm2)、N0.8(38.03 kg/hm2)、N0.6(28.50 kg/hm2)、N0(0 kg/hm2);Fruit setting period: N1(79.20 kg/hm2)、N0.8(63.36 kg/hm2)、N0.6(47.52 kg/hm2)、N0(0 kg/hm2).【Results】 Under the N0.6 treatment at the seedling stage, the growth index and photosynthetic parameters of pigment pepper were the largest, and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 8.6%, 9.8% and 13.5% compared with the N1, N0.8 and N0 treatments, respectively.The maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) increased by 7.6%, 8.3%, and 9.3%.; The maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax) increased by 17.1%, 18.4%, and 21.8%.Under the N0.8 treatment of fruit setting, the growth index and photosynthetic parameters of pigmented pepper were the largest, and the net photosynthetic rate was increased by 10.0%, 10.2% and 15.4% compared with N1, N0.6 and N0 treatments, respectively.Vcmax increased by 4.9%, 6.3%, and 13.4%; Jmax increased by 0.6%, 15.8%, and 21.9%, respectively.Under the N0.8 treatment at the seedling stage, the production of pigmented peppers increased by 1.8%, 2.5% and 2.8% compared with N1, N0.6 and N0, respectively.Under the N0.8 treatment of fruit setting, the production of pigmented peppers increased by 6.3%, 11.6% and 17.6% respectively compared with N1, N0.6 and N0.Analysis over both periods showed that as nitrogen application decreased, peppers increased in specific leaf weight (LMA) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) and decreased specific leaf nitrogen (Narea); Nitrogen application levels also have an effect on nitrogen distribution in photosynthetic organs, and the proportion of nitrogen in the photosynthetic system gradually increases with the decrease of nitrogen application, and the proportion of nitrogen in non-photosynthetic systems decreases with the decrease of nitrogen application.The proportion of nitrogen in the photosynthetic components of pepper leaves was significantly positively correlated with PNUE, and the proportion of non-photosynthetic components was significantly negatively correlated with PNUE.【Conclusion】 Within the scope of this test, the most suitable nitrogen application rate for the growth of pigmented pepper seedlings was N0.6 treatment, while the most suitable nitrogen application amount for reproductive growth was N0.8 treatment, and the fruit setting stage was N0.8 treatment, that is, the N0.8 treatment in both stages was more conducive to the formation of pigment pepper yield.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Adhibition on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics of Jujube AN Shijie, ZHI Jinhu, ZHENG Qiangqing, WANG Wenjun, SONG Sansan, ZHANG Di 2022, 59(10): 2514-2523.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1841KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus on the photosynthetic fluorescence of Jujube in the hope of providing theoretical guidance for industrial fertilization management of jujube.【Methods】 In this study, seven consecutive 4-year jujube from the 13th Regiment of Alar City was taken as the research object in 2020.A two-factor completely random block experiment design was adopted to set up 10 fertilization treatments to analyze the difference of the influence of different fertilizer treatments on photosynthetic fluorescence.【Results】 Compared with the control N0P0 (No nitrogen and phosphate were applied) treatment, Fm, Fo, Qp, Fv/Fm, Y(II), photosynthetic rate and water utilization ratio of jujube leaves were increased and intercellular CO2 concentration and evaporation rate were also significantly decreased under each fertilizer treatment.N1P3 (202.5 kg/hm2 for pure nitrogen and 540 kg/hm2 for phosphorus pentoxide) and N2P3 (405 kg/hm2 for pure nitrogen and 540 kg/hm2 for phosphorus pentoxide) treatments were more beneficial to the improvement of net photosynthetic rate and water utilization ratio of jujube leaves.N1P3 (202.5 kg/hm2 for pure nitrogen and 540 kg/hm2 for phosphorus pentoxide), N2P2 (405 kg/hm2 for pure nitrogen and 375 kg/hm2 for phosphorus pentoxide) and N2P3 (405 kg/hm2 for pure nitrogen and 540 kg/hm2 for phosphorus pentoxide) treatments could effectively reduce the transpiration rate of jujube leaves.N1P2 (202.5 kg/hm2 for pure nitrogen and 375 kg/hm2 for phosphorus pentoxide) and N2P2 (405 kg/hm2 for pure nitrogen and 375 kg/hm2 for phosphorus pentoxide) treatments showed better performance in reducing intercellular CO2 concentration.【Conclusion】 Based on the different effects on photosynthetic fluorescence, the combination of N2P3 (405 kg/hm2 for pure nitrogen and 540 kg/hm2 for phosphorus pentoxide) nitrogen and phosphorus was more beneficial to improve the photosynthetic rate of jujube leaves.

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Biological Response of Carpomya vesuviana Costa to Junzao Fruits in Different Development Stages WANG Jie, Abdulla Akbar, Adil Sattar, LI Wanqian, WANG Qiong 2022, 59(10): 2524-2531.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )   【Objective】 It is of great significance to determine the optimal control period of Carpomya vesuviana Costa for the damage degree of jujube fruit in different development stages.【Methods】 The boring rate and insect density of C.vesuviana in jujube orchard were observed by bagging samples of different hosts.At the same time, the effects of different stages of fruit development on the growth, development and reproduction of C.vesuviana were measured indoors.Also, the biological response of Ziziphus jujubavar.spinosa and Junzao to fruits in different developmental stages was analyzed and evaluated.【Results】 The boring rate of Junzao was higher than that of Ziziphus jujubavar.spinosa.The boring rate was the highest in the mature stage of Jujube fruit.The density of insect on jujube was the highest at the mature stage.The number of oviposition marks, larvae number and egg hatching rate of the female on Junzao were all higher than that on the Ziziphus jujubavar.spinosa of C.vesuviana.The growth indexes of pupa were higher than those of jujube fruit in coloring and maturing stage.At different stages of fruit development, the growth indexes of pupa on Junzao were significantly higher than those on Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa.The pupa stage, egg amount of female, sexual maturity period, mating time and male and female adult life span of Junzao were slightly higher than that of Ziziphus jujubavar.spinosa, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 The selectivity of C.vesuviana to Junzao was stronger than that of Ziziphus jujubavar.spinosa, and the fruit of Junzao at mature stage was more suitable for the growth and development of C.vesuviana.

Plant Protection·Microbes·Agroecological Environment·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

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Screening of Plant-Derived Attractants and Clayworm Plates for Ash Borer Adults and Their Development Dynamics Amire Yashengjiang, Adili Shataer 2022, 59(10): 2532-2537.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (696KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out the unique sticky trap and botanical attractant of EAB in the hope of providing of a scientific basis for monitoring the population emerald ash borer (EAB) and environment friendly management method of the pest.Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire【Methods】 The effects of 4 different colors of sticky traps and 3 species of botanical attractant were determined by orthogonal component.【Results】 The number of EAB adults attracted by light green traps was the most, the total trapping pest number of 3 plots was 55, the average trapping number of 2 d was 2.03 head / sheet, followed by the egg yellow sticky trap, whose average trapping was 1.11 and 30 in total.The effect of different botanical attractant showed that the most attractive attractant was EtOH(a) with an average of 1.72 in 2-days and 55 in total, and the secondary effective attractant was Iinalool(b) with an average of 1.42 in 2-days and 51 in total.Of the four viscworm plates and three attractants, the light green sticky traps and EtOH attractant combination traps outperformed the others with 28 adults attracted in 30 days.Within 30 days, the combination of golden sticky worm plate and EA had the worst lure effect, and the number of trapping was 0 in all three plots.【Conclusion】 Light- green sticky traps was the most attractive color of EAB adult and EtOH(a) has a attracting effect of the pest.The combination of light-green sticky trap and EtOH(a) can be used as a monitoring method of EAB.

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Isolation of Pathogenic Bacteria and Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Bacteria of Black Spot of Fragrant pear LU Yanhong, HAO Jinhui, ZHAN Faqiang, WANG Ning, HOU Xinqiang, YANG Rong, BAO Huifang, LONG Xuanqi 2022, 59(10): 2538-2545.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1126KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to screen the endophytic bacteria with antibacterial effect from the Korla pear tree with a view to using the endophytic biocontrol agent to keep the pear fresh after harvesting.【Method】 The pathogen of postharvest black spot of fragrant pear and endophytic bacteria were isolated by tissue separation method and then the isolated strains were sequenced by ITS gene and 16S rRNA gene.Also, the plate confrontation method was used to screen the antagonistic bacteria against Alternatia alternata XL2 from the screened endophytic bacteria, and bacteriostasis experiments of the antagonistic bacteria were conducted in vitro fruits.【Result】 The pathogen of postharvest diseases of Korla pear Alternatia alternata XL2 was obtained in this experiment, and 16 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaves and branches of pear trees, among which 8 strains had inhibitory effect on Alternatia alternata XL2.They were 1 Bacillus paralicheniformis, 5 Bacillus velezensis, 1 Bacillus siamensis and 1 Bacillus tequilensis.Among them, Bacillus velezensis NY2, NY7 and NY5 had the best antibacterial effect in the Oxford cup experiment, and the diameter of antibacterial zone was more than 20 mm.In the bacteriostatic experiment of Korla pear, NY2 and NY15 had the best bacteriostatic effect, and the bacteriostatic rate was more than 30%.In the bacteriostatic test in vitro fruits, the bacteriostatic rate of NY2 reached more than 80% in the fourth day after inoculation, and the bacteriostatic effect of NY11 was more stable than others.【Conclusion】 In this experiment, 2 strains of endophytic bacteria with antibacterial effect are screened.

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Identification of a Rare Fungus (Quambalaria cyanescens) Derived from Grape Leaves ZHAI Yawei, ZHAO Ying, LI Shengnan, ZHU Miaofei, PAN Wen, Bayandala , MA Rong 2022, 59(10): 2546-2553.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1055KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the species and taxonomic status of a rare fungus from grapevine diseased leaves in Turpan region of Xinjiang.【Methods】 Culture traits were observed in the strains and the size of primary and secondary conidia were measured.Based on ITS and LSU sequences, phylogenetic tree was constructed by Maximum likelihood, the maximum parsimony method and Bayesian method.Meanwhile, the purified strain was cultured to different levels of four factors, such as different medium types, light conditions, pH and culture temperature, and combined orthogonal experiment were conducted to explore the optimum growth conditions.【Results】 The results showed that the interaction of four factors, including medium species, light conditions, pH values and culture temperature, was found to have a significant effect on strain Pt4-1and the strain grew faster on PDA, SDA medium than on CMA medium.The growth rate of strain Pt4-1 grew the fastest under SDA medium, semi-light, pH 5 and temperature 25 ℃, with the average growth rate of 2.29 cm/d.The growth rate of strain Pt4-1 was the weakest under CMA medium, half-light, pH 5 and temperature 25 ℃, the average growth rate was 0.55 cm/d.【Conclusion】 After comprehensive analysis, Pt4-1 was identified as Quambalaria cyanescens.Mixed orthogonal tests indicated that the growth rate of strain Pt4-1 was faster on PDA and SDA media than that on CMA medium and could secret purple pigment, but no purple pigment on CMA medium.With the increase of culture temperature, the secretion of pigment decreased.

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Comparison of the Trapping Effect of Different Temptations Andtraps on Protaetia(Liocola) brevitarsis(Lewis) in Vineyard YANG Liu, ZHANG Guangjie, GUO Peipei, REN Haohui, Yimingjiang Tuerdi, MA Shaojun, WANG Yunhe, MA Deying 2022, 59(10): 2554-2561.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (886KB) ( )   【Objective】 The Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults is one of the major pests to grapes, so this project aims to investigate the luring effect of fruits combined with manure, and different traps to Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults in vineyard.【Method】 Different fruits such as watermelon, tomato, peach, melon and apple were selected to be combined with manure, and it was considered as a composite system to investigate the luring effect and the numbers of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults on grapes in different treatments.Meanwhile, a four-arm olfactory was used to determine the tendency of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults to the treatments of fruit-manure.The luring effects of different traps such as the barrel trap, a bookworm trap and the basin trap of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults were investigated as well.【Result】 The treatments of fruit-manure could actually reduce the numbers of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults on grapes and showed the better effect to adults.There was significant difference between the two treatments as well.The total number of eggs and larvae in treatments was more than single attractor; the largest number of eggs and larvae were observed in the treatments of tomato-manure and peach-manure, respectively; In the tendency determination of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults, the treatments of melon-manure and watermelon-manure showed the better attraction to female with 43.33% and 36.67%, respectively.And there were no significant difference between the two treatments; However, the selection coefficients of two treatments were significantly different with 0.33 and 0.20, respectively.Regarding the attraction to male, both of the attractant percent and the selection coefficient of melon-manure were the highest in all treatments with 33.33% and 0.23, respectively.In the barrel trap, a bookworm trap and the basin trap, the total number of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults captured by barrel trap was significantly higher than that of other traps whether or not the lure was put in.【Conclusion】 The treatments of fruit-manure showed better luring effect and reduce the numbers of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis adults on grapes.The combination of barrel trap with P.brevitarsis lure can improve the trapping effect.

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High Throughput Analysis of the Microbial Community in Different Parts of Nitraria in Saline Alkali Land Akbar Kasim, FAN Yonghong, Dilara Hamit 2022, 59(10): 2562-2573.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1693KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the structural richness and diversity of endophytic microbial communities associated with rhizosphere soil and leaves in the saline-alkali environment of Xinjiang.【Methods】 The 16SrDNA-V4 region amplicon and ITS1 region were sequenced in rhizosphere soil and leaves of Nitraria through Novaseq sequencing system.After each sample was amplified and fused by FLASH, and chloroplast genome sequence and mitochondrial sequence were filtered by Qiim, sequences were finally obtained respectively.With 97% sequence similarity, these sequences were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs).Bioinformatics analysis was carried out on the sequence data to evaluate the species Chao1 index, Shannon index and Alpha diversity.【Results】 The results showed that the dominant bacterial microflora of Nitraria in rhizosphere soil were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes; And the dominant microflora of fungi was Ascomycota, the dominant endophytic bacterial microfloras were Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria; and the dominant microflora of fungi was Ascomycota.There were significant differences in the number and diversity of microflora in different parts of Nitraria (P<0.05).There were obvious differences in the composition of microbial communities among various species.【Conclusion】 The richness and diversity distribution of microbial community in different parts of Nitraria are revealed by high-throughput sequencing technology, which has provided theoretical basis for the selection of PGPR strains, the improvement of saline soil and the development of microbial fertilizers.

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Effects of Functional Traits of Desert Plants on Biomass in Arid Regions with Different Soil Water-Salt Gradients CHEN Yudong, LV Guanghui, ZHANG Lei, JIANG Lamei, WANG Hengfang 2022, 59(10): 2574-2584.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1396KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific basis for plant restoration and soil salinization management in desert areas.【Methods】 Plant leaf morphology, physiological characteristics, plant biomass and soil moisture and salt content were measured, and water salinity was divided into three gradients to analyze the response of plant biomass to functional traits under different water and salt gradients.【Results】 The results showed that :(1) canopy area (S) had significant differences under three soil water and salt gradients (P<0.05);The adaptability of plant leaf phosphorus content (LPC) in low salinity community was higher than that in medium salinity gradient.(2) The underground biomass (AGB) of plants with low salinity gradient was significantly lower than that with high salinity gradient (P<0.05);The aboveground biomass showed no significant difference in soil water and salt gradient (P<0.05).(3) Redundancy analysis (RDA) of plant functional traits and biomass showed that under the three gradients, canopy area (S) and plant height (H) were highly correlated with biomass, indicating that phenotype traits S, H and SLA could promote biomass growth during plant growth and development.(4) Multiple regression model showed that the indicator ability of desert plant function to biomass was gradually weakened with the increase of soil water and salt gradient.【Conclusion】 The biomass of plants in the arid desert area of Aibi Lake decreases with the increase in soil water and salt.In the area of low water and low salt soil, plant adaptability is stronger.Phenotypic traits of plant leaves were more obvious than physiological ones in the high water and salt soil regions.The difference and correlation between plant function and biomass are not obvious in the soil area of medium water and salt.The increase of soil salt content in arid desert areas has already persecuted plant growth and caused serious ecological environmental problems.In arid desert ecosystems, the reduction of plant functional properties and biomass will degrade desert land and ultimately lead to changes in ecosystem functions.

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Change and Prediction of the Land Use in Shihezi Reclamation Area Based on CA-Markov Model LI Changxiao, FAN Wenbo, ZHANG Jianxin, QIAO Changlu, YANG Haimei, WANG Yaqin 2022, 59(10): 2585-2594.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1331KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the spatio-temporal evolution law of land use and driving mechanism in the process of artificialization oasis in Shihezi Reclamation Area,【Methods】 Based on the data of TM images in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, the distribution land use pattern in THE past 30 years was analyzed by RS and GIS, the CA-Markov model and the land use gravity center model were used to simulate and predict the land use/cover pattern in 2030 and 2040.【Results】 (1) From 1990 to 2020, the land use/cover pattern of Shihezi Reclamation Area was dominated by unused land, the main change trends were the expansion of farmland and building, and the decrease of forest and grassland; (2) The center of gravity of forest has migrated most significantly, moving from north to south by 0.6°, farmland had the most dynamic changes, with an average annual increase of 2.72% during the past 30 years, followed by forest land;(3) The Kappa coefficient were both higher than 80.36%.【Conclusion】 Indicating that the model had high reliability and was suitable for the prediction of land use/cover change and spatial pattern in Shihezi Reclamation Area. The simulation showed the farmland and building would continue to increase.

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The Protective Effect of Helicid on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Intestinal Epithelial Cell Injury in Pigs SHI Letian, CHEN Yongzhen, GUO Tengda, LIU Jinshuo, ZHANG Guanghui, CHEN Pengju 2022, 59(10): 2595-2600.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (741KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to establish an oxidative and inflammatory model of porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation mechanism of helicid (HEL).【Methods】 The experiment was divided into 5 groups: control group, LPS group, HEL (25, 50 and 100 μM) + LPS group.【Results】 The results showed that HEL could significantly reduce the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 at mRNA level, and we further verified the anti-inflammatory mechanism of HEL at protein level by ELISA.In terms of oxidative damage, LPS could significantly improve the expression of oxidation related proteins (Nrf2 and HO-1) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), and significantly reduce the content of oxidation products (MDA).Importantly, HEL showed the opposite results, reducing the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and the activity of SOD and CAT significantly and also significantly increasing the content of MDA.【Conclusion】 In conclusion, all the results show that HEL can alleviate the oxidative and inflammatory damage of IPEC-J2 cells caused by LPS, and protect cells from injury to a certain extent.