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    Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry
    Study on genotypic differences of anther culture ability in mainly cultivated spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang
    WANG Chunsheng, LI Jianfeng, ZHANG Yueqiang, FAN Zheru, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, ZHANG Hongzhi, WANG Lihong, XIA Jianqiang, WANG Fangping, ZHAO Qi
    2024, 61(9): 2081-2086.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.001
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (710KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 To investigate the genotypic differences in anther culture ability of spring wheat varieties, establish the anther culture technology for wheat in Xinjiang, determine the anther culture ability of main cultivated and recently approved 14 spring wheat varieties, and select high anther culture ability parental materials for wheat breeding in the region. 【Methods】 Using mainly C17-induced culture medium and NT5 differentiation culture medium as the main culture media, the anther culture technology was used to evaluate the callus induction rate, green plant differentiation rate, green plant production rate, albino plant differentiation rate, and albino plant production rate of the test materials, and then the correlation analysis of 5 anther culture traits was carried out. 【Results】 The range of callus induction rate, green plant differentiation rate, green plant production rate, albino plant differentiation rate, and albino plant production rate of 14 genotypes of spring wheat varieties was 0%-3.33%, 0%-220%, 0%-7.30%, 0%-50%, 0%-0.66%, respectively. The anther culture traits differed significantly among different genotypes, with the green plant differentiation rate showing the greatest variation. The callus induction characteristics were positively correlated with the differentiation of green plants and albino plants, but there was no correlation between callus regeneration and the differentiation into green plants or albino plants. 【Conclusion】 Five genotypes are screened out that could produce callus: Xinchun 6, Xinchun 39, Xinchun 43, Xinchun 44, and Xinchun 48. Among them, Xinchun 39 and Xinchun 44 have the highest green plant differentiation rates. The green plant differentiation rate of Xinchun 39 is 7.30%, and that of Xinchun 44 is 1.50%. Xinchun 39 and Xinchun 44 are selected as the core parental materials for anther culture breeding.

    Study on variation of grain nutritional quality of glutinous maize
    YANG Minghua, LIAO Biyong, LIU Qiang, PENG Yuncheng, Dawulai Jiekeshan, FENG Guorui, TANG Shimin
    2024, 61(9): 2087-2093.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.002
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (857KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 To clarify the dynamic changes in the main nutritional components of fresh glutinous corn grains at different stages after pollination. 【Methods】 Using 10 glutinous corn varieties as materials, a completely randomized block design was used to analyze the changes in grain sucrose, soluble sugar, starch, and protein content during the filling period, as well as the correlation between nutritional quality and quality taste. 【Results】 The results showed that the content of sucrose and soluble sugar in sweet corn grains were unimodal change curves, the protein content always maintained an increasing trend, and the crude protein content and crude fat content in feed corn always maintained an increasing trend. The results also showed that the soluble sugar, sucrose, and protein content in glutinous corn grains showed a downward trend, while the starch content showed an upward trend. Therefore, the continuous decrease in soluble sugar, sucrose, and protein content in glutinous corn grains was a unique nutritional change pattern. The decline rate was relatively fast in the early stage of filling, and gradually slowed down in the middle and later stages. The protein content of each variety changed slightly in the later stage of filling. There was a highly significant positive correlation between cooking quality, sucrose content (0.459,9**) and total soluble sugar content (0.472,8**); sucrose content and protein content (0.794,9**); sucrose content and total soluble sugar content (0.564,2**); there was a highly significant negative correlation between starch content and sucrose content in fresh glutinous corn (-0.427,5**). 【Conclusion】 The correlation coefficient between cooking quality and sucrose and soluble sugar of 10 glutinous maize varieties is higher, indicating that cooking quality is positively correlated with the concentration of soluble sugar and sucrose. The higher the preference for sweet and glutinous maize varieties, the more directional breeding of new varieties with nutrition and taste.

    Effects of defoliants on the physiological characteristics of cotton varieties with different sensitivities
    LI Yongtai, GAO Axiang, LI Yanjun, ZHANG Xinyu
    2024, 61(9): 2094-2102.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.003
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    【Objective】 To clarify the effects of defoliants on the physiological characteristics of cotton varieties with different sensitivities and whether the seedling stage can be used as a period for screening defoliant-sensitive varieties. 【Methods】 Two varieties with different sensitivities (Shida 5203, sensitive; 153, insensitive) to defoliants were selected as materials to compare the physiological characteristics between sensitive and insensitive varieties after spraying defoliants at both seedling and boll opening stages. 【Results】 The results showed that after defoliation treatment at a concentration of 10mg/L at the seedling stage, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and auxin (IAA) contents of Shida 5203 and 153 leaves were significantly reduced compared to the control (water treatment), while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and abscisic acid (ABA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity were significantly increased compared to the control, defoliation treatment caused damage to cotton leaves, disruption of the photosynthetic system and hormone balance. Compared with the insensitive variety 153, the sensitive variety Shida 5203 showed a significant decrease in Pn, Gs, Tr, chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content and IAA content, a significant increase in MDA and ABA content and a small increase in SOD and POD enzyme activity, indicating that the sensitive variety Shida 5203 suffered greater damage on its leaves, producing fewer protective enzymes SOD and POD to resist external invasion, and less IAA and more ABA promoting leaf abscission. After spraying defoliants at the seedling stage, the trend of changes in various physiological indicators was consistent with that at the boll opening stage, and the content of MDA, IAA and ABA were significantly different between the two varieties after the spraying defoliants at both seedling and boll opening stages. 【Conclusion】 The seedling stage can be used as a period for screening defoliant-sensitive varieties, and the content of MDA, IAA and ABA after spraying defoliant can be used as physiological indicators for screening defoliant-sensitive varieties.

    Effects of equal nitrogen applied with urease inhibitor on cotton growth, yield, and quality under mulched drip irrigation
    ZHANG Zehua, YE Hanchun, WANG Zhenhua, LI Wenhao, LI Haiqiang, LIU Jian
    2024, 61(9): 2103-2111.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.004
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    【Objective】 The aim of this study is to clarify the response of equal nitrogen applied with urease inhibitor Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) on cotton growth, development, yield, and quality mulched drip irrigation in order to provide a theoretical basics for efficient and reasonable nitrogen management of cotton. 【Methods】 Field experiments were conducted by using Xinluzao 42 under four kinds of AHA addition ratios (the addition amount was 0% of the nitrogen application amount (U), the addition amount was 1% of the nitrogen application amount (U + UI1%), the addition amount was 2% of the nitrogen application amount (U + UI2%) and the addition amount was 5% of the nitrogen application amount (U + UI5%). 【Results】 Compared with U, AHA significantly improved the physiological growth of cotton at flowering stage, bolling stage and full boll stage. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the key period (flowering stage, bolling stage and full boll stage) was U + UI2% > U + UI1% > U + UI5% treatment. The seed cotton yield of U + UI1%, U + UI2% and U + UI5% treatments was significantly higher than that of U by 4.59%, 9.18% and 4.65%, and there was significant difference between U + UI2% and other treatments (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in cotton quality among different treatments (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was the largest positive correlation between net photosynthetic rate of leaves and seed cotton yield, and there was a negative correlation between single boll weight and seed cotton yield. 【Conclusion】 The U + UI2% treatment of urea combined with 2 % nitrogen application AHA shows the best performance in cotton growth, physiology and yield, which is the best choice for high stability nitrogen application of drip irrigation cotton. The results will provide data support and theoretical reference for efficient management of drip irrigation cotton nitrogen fertilizer in Xinjiang.

    Effects of humic acid on soil nutrients, cotton yield and quality in cotton fields under drip irrigation
    CHEN Ruijie, LUO Linyi, RUAN Xiangyang, YE Jun
    2024, 61(9): 2112-2121.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.005
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1194KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 To study the effect of different dosage of humic acid on soil nutrients and cotton growth in Xinjiang cotton fields in the hope of providing scientific theoretical basis for the application of humic acid in Xinjiang cotton production. 【Methods】 The effects of CK(0 L/hm2,do not apply humic acid),T1(Humic acid 225 L/hm2),T2(Humic acid 450 L/hm2) and T3(Humic acid 675 L/hm2) on soil nutrients, cotton growth, yield and quality were investigated through field plot experiment by setting four trial treatments. 【Results】 Humic acid effectively increased the availability of soil nutrients, and more binding sites were provided with the increase of humic acid dosage. When the application amount was 675 L/hm2, the soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen content increased by 16.36%-25.66%, the available phosphorus content increased by 23.85%-32.22%, and the available potassium content increased by 20.15%-29.95%. The dry weight and leaf area of cotton increased gradually with the increase of humic acid dosage in the same growth period, and the promotion effect on plant height and stem diameter was the best when the application amount was 450 L/hm2. Cotton yield increased by 18.60%, 27.44% and 10.61%, respectively. The cotton quality was improved, and the application amount of 450 L/hm2 improved the cotton Micronaire grade. 【Conclusion】 Humic acid can improve the availability of soil nutrients, increase the content of soil available nutrients, promote cotton growth,application rate is 450 L/hm2.

    Effects of different nitrogen inhibitors on growth, nitrogen utilization and yield of cotton
    HUANG Boxuan, LI Pengcheng, ZHENG Cangsong, SUN Miao, SHAO Jingjing, FENG Weina, PANG Chaoyou, XU Wenxiu, DONG Helin
    2024, 61(9): 2122-2131.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.006
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1383KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 To study the effects of different nitrogen inhibitors on the growth, development, nitrogen utilization, and yield of cotton when nitrogen fertilizer is added. The purpose is to determine the appropriate concentration of nitrogen inhibitors. 【Methods】 A pot experiment was conducted using 'China Cotton Research Institute 100' cotton plants. Under the same nitrogen application level, four types of nitrogen inhibitors, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine (CP), dicyandiamide (DCD), and N-butylthiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) were added. And two different concentrations were used for each nitrogen inhibitor. The inhibitors were applied as base fertilizer and topdressing during the flowering period, along with urea. Cotton agronomic traits, biomass quality, nitrogen accumulation, lint cotton yield, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization were compared. 【Results】 Compared to the treatment with urea alone, the cotton plants treated with nitrogen inhibitors had a 6.5% to 16.8% increase in individual plant biomass quality during the flowering period, and a 8.8% to 33.0% increase in individual plant lint cotton yield. The apparent nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate increased by 4.5 to 15.1 percentage points. Among the treatments, cotton treated with 0.5% dicyandiamide (DCD), 0.25% 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine (CP), 1.0% 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and 0.5% N-butylthiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) added to urea showed better results in terms of biomass accumulation, nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and yield compared to cotton treated with 1.0% DCD, 0.5% CP, 2.0% DMPP, and 1.0% NBPT added to urea. 【Conclusion】 Cotton plants treated with 0.5% DCD added to urea have the highest individual plant biomass accumulation, and cotton treated with 0.25% CP added to urea shows better increases in cotton yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization compared to other nitrogen inhibitors treatments.

    Response of cotton seedling growth and development to soil available potassium levels
    WANG Chao, XU Wenxiu, LI Pengcheng, ZHENG Cangsong, SUN Miao, FENG Weina, SHAO Jingjing, DONG Helin
    2024, 61(9): 2132-2139.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.007
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (892KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 This study aims to investigate response of the main growth and development traits of cotton seedlings to soil available potassium levels in order to provide a basis for formulating evaluation indicators of soil available potassium in cotton fields. 【Methods】 The variety 100 of the Institute of Cotton Research was used as the experimental material, plastic boxes with a length of 0.8 m, a width of 0.58 m, and a depth of 0.44 m were used, each box containing 240 kg of soil. Eight available potassium levels of soil were set by adding potassium fertilizer, including 68.1, 77. 4, 93.3, 104.2, 122.9, 130.9, 142.4, and 171.1 mg/kg (represented by K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, and K8, respectively). Sampling was conducted at 5 times during the cotton 1 leaf stage, 3 leaf stage, 5 leaf stage, 7 leaf stage, and bud stage to determine the agronomic traits, dry matter weight, total potassium content, and photosynthetic indicators of the cotton plant. 【Results】 During the first leaf stage, there was no significant difference in cotton plant height and stem diameter among different soil available potassium levels; During the 3-leaf stage, 5-leaf stage, 7-leaf stage, and budding stages, the plant height and stem diameter of cotton showed an increasing trend with the increase of soil available potassium levels; When the soil available potassium reached the levels of K4 and K5, the cotton plant height and stem diameter tended to stabilize. The leaf area and dry matter weight of treatments with K5 and above were significantly higher than those of other treatments, but there was no significant difference between these treatments. At the bud stage, the E, Ci, Gs, SPAD values of functional leaves of cotton plants in each treatment showed no significant response to soil potassium levels. In terms of Pn, K7 was significantly superior to K2 and K3. 【Conclusion】 When the soil available potassium level is higher than 123 mg/kg, it can promote the nutrient absorption and dry matter accumulation of cotton seedlings, promote the growth of cotton stems, increase leaf area, accelerate the growth and development process of cotton seedlings, and facilitate the transformation of cotton from nutritional growth to reproductive growth.

    Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance during the rapid growth stage of sugar beet cultivars
    ZENG Wanying, GENG Hongwei, CHENG Yukun, LI Sizhong, QIAN Songting, GAO Weishi, ZHANG Liming
    2024, 61(9): 2140-2151.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.008
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    【Objective】 Drought is one of the important factors that restrict the growth of sugar beet, directly affecting sugar beet yield, sugar content,and sugar production so identifying the drought resistance of sugar beet during the rapid growth period of the leaf rosette,and selecting drought-resistant materials,are of great significance for the breeding of new sugar beet varieties. 【Methods】 In this study,357 domestic and foreign germplasm materials were used,and two treatments,normal irrigation and drought stress,were applied to determine seven main indicators including chlorophyll content,leaf area index,and plant height. Eight drought resistance indicators,including yield drought resistance index and comprehensive drought resistance index,were used for comprehensive evaluation of each germplasm material.Genetic diversity analysis of 72 germplasm materials was conducted using SSR molecular markers to analyze the genetic relationship between different drought-resistant germplasm materials of sugar beet. 【Results】 Under drought stress,the average values of all indicators decreased,with the decrease magnitude in the following order: yield (26.05%),sugar production (16.77%),plant height (14.85%),leaf number (8.43%),leaf area index (2.6%). There was a significant positive correlation among drought resistance indicators,and chlorophyll content,leaf area index,etc.were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with drought resistance indicators. 【Conclusion】 Leaf area index,plant height,leaf number,yield,and sugar production during the rapid growth period of the leaf rosette are five important indicators for determining the drought resistance of sugar beet germplasm materials under water stress. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of eight drought resistance indicators, 10 drought-resistant germplasm materials were selected. Among the 72 core germplasm materials analyzed using SSR markers,there was a close genetic relationship,and the drought-resistant germplasm materials XJT4121 and XJT1317 were sister lines.

    Analysis of stable yield and adaptability of buckwheat varieties based on AMMI model and GGE double label graph
    CHANG Keqin, DU Yanping, MU Lanhai, YANG Chongqing, CHEN Yixin
    2024, 61(9): 2152-2159.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.009
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (958KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 Evaluate the high yield, stable yield, and ecological adaptability of new varieties of tartary buckwheat. 【Methods】 Through the analysis of experimental data from 5 varieties (lines) in 6 counties (districts), By combining the AMMI model with the GGE-Blilot software package of R language, principal component analysis was conducted on sweet buckwheat varieties from different climate zones in the southern mountainous areas of Ningxia for multiple years and the stability, adaptability, pilot representativeness were comprehensively evaluated. 【Results】 The buckwheat pilot area represented by Xiji County or Yuanzhou District in semi-arid areas and Haiyuan County in semi-arid areas prone to drought, and Yanchi County in the central arid zone was better. The new varieties of Guqiao 1 and Guqiao 3 had the best yield, stability, and ecological adaptability. 【Conclusion】 By combining the AMMI model analysis with production practice verification, the method is feasible, the results are reliable, and the validation is good.

    Study on the agronomic traits and quality differences of grain sorghum in Xinjiang
    ZHANG Niao, WANG Hui, FENG Guojun, Zaituniguli Kuerban
    2024, 61(9): 2160-2167.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.010
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    【Objective】 To analyze the yield, agronomic traits, and grain quality of different grain sorghum varieties, select high-quality brewing sorghum varieties suitable for planting in the Hotan area of southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing raw material support for the development of the sorghum industry in this region. 【Methods】 25 grain sorghum varieties were used as materials to study the quality and agronomic traits. 【Results】 The results showed that there were differences in agronomic traits, yield, and brewing quality among different varieties. All 25 varieties grew and matured normally in the local area, with strong adaptability. Among them, there was only one extremely early maturing and dwarf variety, Longza 20 (95 d), and 20 medium stem varieties suitable for mechanized cultivation included Jinnuo 103, Jinza 111, and Jiliang 3. The yield variation ranged between 156.53 kg/667m2 and 1182.61 kg/667m2, with variety 2878A×IR60, the yield was the lowest, and the yield of Jiliang 4 was the highest. Longza 20 had the highest sugar content (18.42 g/kg) and lysine content (3.26 g/kg), but the lowest tannin content (0.66 g/kg). The starch content of Jiliang 3 and Jiliang 4 was the highest and the difference was not significant. 【Conclusion】 In summary, considering the characteristics of growth period, agronomic traits, yield, and quality, Jiliang 4 has better comprehensive performance with good promotion prospects, so it is recommended to prioritize planting in the Hotan area.

    Effects of mixed salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of peanut seed
    ZHANG Fan, CHEN Xiaolu, WANG Jie, HOU Xianfei, JIA Donghai, GU Yuanguo, MIAO Haocui, LI Qiang
    2024, 61(9): 2168-2182.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.011
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    【Objective】 To investigate thoroughly the effects of mixed salt alkali stress on peanut seed germination and seedling growth in the hope of improving the planting structure of saline alkali land in Xinjiang and increasing the peanut planting area. 【Methods】 This study used Huayu 25 as the experimental material and artificially simulated mixed salt alkali stress conditions to determine the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vitality index, salt damage rate, and root and stem length of peanut seedlings, in order to provide a basis for the effective utilization of saline alkali land and the cultivation of salt tolerant varieties. 【Results】 (1) Under high concentration stress, the mixed saline alkali solution composed of Cl- and SO42- has a more severe inhibitory effect on peanut seed germination; When the pH of the mixed saline alkali solution was greater than 10, the inhibitory effect on the growth of peanut seed primary seedlings was severer; (2) Different concentrations of mixed salt alkali stress had varying degrees of impact on germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vitality index, salt damage rate, root length, and stem length. High concentrations of mixed salt alkali would have an inhibitory effect on peanut seed germination; (3) The salt and alkaline tolerance of peanuts to each treatment was B>C>D>E>A in descending order. 【Conclusion】 Different mixed salt alkali components and concentrations have different effects on peanut seeds, and the seed germination period is the most sensitive period for plants to salt alkali stress.

    Screening of triticale germplasm in different areas of Qinghai
    LIU Jing, DU Mingchuan, ZHANG Wenting, BAO Haijuan, JING Meiling, DU Wenhua
    2024, 61(9): 2183-2190.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.012
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1014KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 To screen the suitable triticale materials in different areas of Qinghai Province and the most suitable triticale areas in Qinghai. 【Methods】 Using Gannong No. 4, Gannong No. 2, and line C25 triticale germplasm as materials, through the comparison of production performance and nutritional quality in different areas of Qinghai Province (Tongde, Huangzhong, Geermu), thus concluding that suitable for Qinghai Triticale germplasm and region of cultivation. 【Results】 (1)The three triticale germplasms, the production performance index of C25 was significantly higher than that of Gannong No. 4 and Gannong No. 2; the neutral detergent fiber content of C25 (46.75%) was the lowest, significantly lower than the other two triticale varieties; Gannon 2 had the lowest ADF content (32%), followed by C25 (32.77%), significantly lower than other triticales germplasm.(2)The production performance index(hay yield, plant height, number of branches) of triticale in Tongde experimental site was significantly higher than that in the other two experimental sites; the soluble sugar content (9.41%) of triticale in Tongde experimental sitewas significantly higher than that in the other two experimental sites.(3)Tongde C25 had the highest hay yield (11.19 t/hm2), which was significantly higher than other levels; Huangzhong Gannong 4 had the highest soluble sugar content(11.60%),followed by Tongde C25, which was significantly higher than other levels; Huangzhong C25 had the lowest NDF content (41.67%), which was significantly lower than other levels. (4) Tongde C25 ranks first, Huangzhong C25 ranks second and Tongde Gannon 4 ranks third. 【Conclusion】 The triticale material suitable for planting at the Tongde test site is C25, followed by Gannon No. 2; The triticale material suitable for planting at the Huangzhong test site is C25, followed by Gannon No. 4; The triticale material suitable for cultivation at the Golmud test site is C25, followed by Gannon 2.Among the three test sites, Tongde is the most suitablefor growing triticale; Among the three triticale germplasm, triticale C25 is the most suitable for planting in Qinghai.

    Horticultural Special Local Products·Forestry
    Population diversity analysis of 20 commercial tomato cultivars
    XU Maomao, GAO Jie, LI Junming, LI Xin, LIU Lei, PAN Feng
    2024, 61(9): 2191-2196.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.013
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    【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity of 20 commercial tomato cultivars, screen out tomato varieties with specific disease resistance traits and provide guidance for farmers in variety selection. 【Methods】 SNP markers were used to analyze the genetic relationship clustering, genetic composition, disease resistance genes, and also conduct disease resistance infiltration fragment analysis of 20 commercial tomato varieties. 【Results】 The 20 commercial tomato varieties were divided into two groups, and tomato varieties from the same company were more likely to be grouped together. Among them, Zhongshu 4, Zhongshu 6, and Zhongza 9 from Zhongshu Seed Industry Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. were classified into the same type in genetic relationship clustering and genetic composition analysis. In addition, there were genotype differences in the Mi-1.2, Ty-1/3, and Ve disease resistance genes among the 20 commercial tomato varieties. By comparing their genome similarity with the infiltrating donor materials, it was found that most materials contained infiltrating fragments of Mi, Ty-1, Tm-2, and Sw-5. 【Conclusion】 The 20 commercial tomato varieties are divided into two groups, and tomato varieties from the same company are more likely to be grouped together. The specific disease resistance genes and disease resistance infiltration fragments of these materials are of great significance for in-depth understanding of variety germplasm characteristics, promoting agricultural development, increasing farmers' income, and improving agricultural production efficiency.

    Study on the relationship between Lycopene and main quality characters of processing tomato
    TIAN Haiyan, ZHANG Zhanqin, XIE Jianhui, WANG Jianjiang, YANG Xiangkun
    2024, 61(9): 2197-2202.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.014
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    【Objective】 To explore the relationship between lycopene and related traits of processing tomato fruit, and to provide theoretical basis for processing tomato breeding in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The varieties (lines) selected or introduced in recent years were used as 30 experimental materials, the correlation between lycopene content and soluble solid content, mean pulp thickness, pH value, a/b value, beta-carotene and L value was studied, and meanwhile, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were performed. 【Results】 The results showed that the contents of soluble solids, average flesh thickness, pH value, a/b value, Beta-carotene and L value of 7 fruits of Xinjiang processing tomato varieties (lines) were correlated, there was a significant positive correlation between pH value and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and a/b value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene, but the correlation was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between a/b value and lycopene, and a significant negative correlation between a/b value and beta-carotene and L value. The beta-carotene was positively correlated with L value, negatively correlated with X5 and negatively correlated with lycopene, but the correlation was not significant. L value was significantly positively correlated with beta-carotene, positively correlated with pH value, and negatively correlated with lycopene and aab. The contribution rate of the first three principal components was 83.721%, which could reflect most of the variation information of the tested traits. The contribution rate of the first factor was 45.728%, the second and third principal factors were 18.443% and 16.793%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In processing tomato breeding, the combination of high content of soluble solids and lycopene should be selected in order to obtain high yield and good quality varieties.

    Effects of different concentrations of sophora alopecuroides extract on the growth and soil fertility of continuous cropping tomatoes
    TIAN Chao, LI Yushan, MA Yue, SONG Yu
    2024, 61(9): 2203-2210.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.015
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (960KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides extract on the growth of tomato seedlings, soil nutrients, and soil enzymes in the hope of providing new insights for the rational utilization of Sophora alopecuroides resources and addressing continuous cropping obstacles. 【Methods】 A soil pot experiment was conducted, with different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides extract treatments (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/L), to study the effects on tomato seedling growth parameters, soil available nutrients, and soil enzyme activities. 【Results】 After 50 days of treatment, the plant height, stem thickness, quality, and chlorophyll content of tomatoes increased with the concentrations of the treatment, with the T5 treatment exhibiting the most significant promotion effect on tomato growth indicators. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the application of different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides extract resulted in an increase in soil pH by 0.28-0.72 and an increase in soil EC by 1.55-5.25 times. Additionally, the addition of Sophora alopecuroides extract also altered the soil nutrient content. After T2, T3, T4, and T5 treatments, compared to the control group, the total nitrogen increased by 4.2%-45.5%, available potassium increased by 5.2%-117.6%; soil organic matter increased by 5.6%-23.8%, alkaline nitrogen increased by 31.3%-142.1%; total phosphorus decreased by 11.2%-18.5%, and total potassium decreased by 2.6%-5.0%. Moreover, the activities of the five soil enzymes increased with the concentration of the extract. The T5 treatment significantly increased the activities of invertase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase, with increases of 296.42%, 21.86%, 422.01%, 43.13%, and 100.89%, respectively, compared to the control group. The correlation analysis between soil nutrients and soil enzymes showed that the activities of the five soil enzymes were positively correlated with soil pH, EC, organic matter content, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, and available potassium, while negatively correlated with total phosphorus, total potassium, and available phosphorus. 【Conclusion】 Sophora alopecuroides extract can improve the growth of tomato seedlings under continuous cropping conditions, enhance soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activities, thereby improving the root environment of tomatoes, promoting tomato seedling growth, and alleviating the harm caused by continuous cropping.

    Effects of drought stress and planting density on physiological characteristics and yield of onion bulblets
    Areziguli Tuxun, GAO Jie
    2024, 61(9): 2211-2222.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.016
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    【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of drought stress and sowing density on the physiological characteristics and yield of onion bulblets in order to explore the use of onion bulblets as sowing materials in the hope of laying a theoretical and technical foundation for the mechanized planting of onion. 【Methods】 ' Baixue ' was used as the experimental material, and the flat-bottom seedling tray was used for sowing. Three sowing densities were designed : 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm(A1), 2 cm × 2 cm(A2) and 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm(A3). Three kinds of drought stress : 8 % field capacity(B1), 13 % field capacity(B2) and natural drought(B3). 【Results】 With the increase of drought stress duration, the plant height and pseudostem diameter of onion seedlings increased first and then decreased. Appropriate drought stress promoted the growth of the transverse diameter of underground onion bulblets. The soluble solids content of onion treated with (2 cm × 2 cm) * natural drought (T6) was the highest, which was 20.17 %. The soluble sugar content of 8 % (T4) treatment of (2 cm × 2 cm) * field capacity was the highest, which was 6.73 %. With the increase of sowing density, soluble protein content and CAT activity showed an increasing trend, but the difference was not significant. The POD activity of (2 cm × 2 cm) * natural drought (T6) treatment was the highest, which was 23.6 (U/(g·min)); the highest SOD activity was 7,560 (U/(g·h)) under (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm) * natural drought (T3) treatment. The number of bulblets in (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm) * 3 drought (T1-T3) treatments was significantly higher than those in other treatments, and the number of bulblets per square centimeter was 36.13, 35.05 and 35.48, respectively. The bulk density, total porosity, water holding porosity and EC values of the seedling substrate before and after drought were within the ideal range. The comprehensive evaluation value from high to low was T9 > T8 > T7 > T1 > T6 > T4 > T5 > T2 > T3. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive performance of (2.5 cm × 2.5 cm)* natural drought (T9) treatment is good and ranks first, which can be used as a combination for cultivating onion bulblets.

    Physiological study of frost damage on flower organs of nine apricot varieties in arid desert area
    ZENG Wanqi, HAN Duohong, FENG Junren
    2024, 61(9): 2223-2229.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.017
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (758KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 To obtain the cold resistance of different flower organs and analyze the semi-lethal temperature of flower organs of 9 varieties by testing the physiological and biochemical indexes of flower organs of 9 apricot varieties in the hope of providing a basis for the selection of cold-resistant cultivation varieties and cold-resistant breeding. 【Methods】 The electrical conductivity of the flower organs, the physiological and biochemical indicators of SOD and POD were tested, and then the test data were analyzed with Excel table and DPS software. 【Results】 The sort of semi-fatal temperatures for pistils, stamens, and petals from high to low was petals> stamens> pistils; the rating from high to low of the semi-fatal temperatures for pistils, stamens, and petals of different varieties were Prunus amygdalus Batsch > Armeniaca vulgaris Lam > Armeniaca vulgaris Lam > Prunus armemiaca > Armeniaca vulgaris Lam > Prunus armeniaca L > Prunus armeniaca L > Prunus armemiaca > Prunus armeniaca; Through the analysis results of frost damage on flower buds and flowers under different low temperature treatments, the sorts from high to low of the semi-fatal temperature of flower buds and flowers were flower buds > flowers; At the same time, it was also shown that, in different varieties of apricot flowers, the sort from high to low of the semi-lethal temperature of the opened flower organs, flower buds, and flowers was Prunus amygdalus Batsch > Armeniaca vulgaris Lam > Armeniaca vulgaris Lam > Prunus armemiaca > Armeniaca vulgaris Lam > Prunus armeniaca L > Prunus-armeniaca-L > Prunus armemiaca > Prunus armeniaca; the SOD activity of the flower tissues of different varieties changed from high to low. As the treatment temperature increased from high to low, the SOD activity values of each variety of pistils, stamens, and petals showed the tendency from low to high, the peak of the temperature of the pistils and stamens was -1℃, and the temperature of SOD peak for the petals was -5℃, except for the three varieties of Prunus amygdalus Batsch、 Armeniaca vulgaris Lam, Armeniaca vulgaris Lam, which was still in an upward process. And those of the rest of the varieties were between -1 and -3℃; the POD activity of different apricot varieties changed. With treatment temperatures of 0, -1, -3 and -5℃ from high to low, the SOD activity values of each variety of pistils, stamens, and petals showed a process from low to high. The SOD activity values for pistils and stamens showed a process from low to high, then to low, the temperature of SOD peak varies according to the cold resistance of different varieties, the temperature of SOD peak of Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Armeniaca vulgaris Lam, and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam, Prunus armemiaca, Armeniaca vulgaris Lam was -3 ℃, the temperature of SOD peak of Prunus armeniaca L, Prunus armemiaca and Prunus armeniaca was -1℃. The temperature of SOD peak for the petals was -5℃, except for the varieties of Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Armeniaca vulgaris Lam, Armeniaca vulgaris Lam, Prunus armemiaca, which was still in an upward process. And the high values of the rest varieties were between -1℃-3℃. 【Conclusion】 The sort of the cold resistance of the nine varieties of floral organs is Prunus amygdalus Batsch > Armeniaca vulgaris Lam > Armeniaca vulgaris Lam > Prunus armemiaca > Armeniaca vulgaris Lam > Prunus armeniaca L > Prunus armeniaca L > Prunus armemiaca > Prunus armeniaca. In the frost year, the actual frost damage results of each variety are basically consistent with physiological test analysis.

    Species similarity between vegetation and soil seed bank in Tianshan spruce forest
    LI Zhenyu, GENG Zhaokun, ZHAO Shanchao, GAO Yude, WANG Chu, WANG Shiwei, PAN Cunde, ZHANG Guolin
    2024, 61(9): 2230-2236.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.018
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1036KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 The soil seed bank has a significant impact on vegetation renewal and restoration, and is of great significance for the biodiversity protection and vegetation renewal and restoration of the Tianshan spruce forest ecosystem. 【Methods】 The soil seed bank of Picea schrenkiana var. tianshanica forest was taken as the research object, and field sampling investigation was combined with indoor germination to explore the species similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation. 【Results】 Within the altitude range of 1,600 to 2,700 meters, the Jaccard coefficients of aboveground vegetation and soil seed banks were between 0.216 and 0.469, and the Sorensen coefficients were between 0.356 and 0.639, indicating moderate dissimilarity; The similarity coefficient of soil seed banks varied with the similarity coefficient of vegetation, and the similarity coefficients of the two were positively correlated; The diversity of aboveground vegetation species was much greater than that of soil seed banks, and there was a positive correlation between aboveground vegetation species diversity and seed bank species diversity. 【Conclusion】 With the increase of altitude, the similarity between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation species generally increases first and then decreases. The species diversity of aboveground vegetation is higher than that of soil seed banks. Species diversity decreases with increasing altitude.

    Analysis of spatial and temporal variations of aboveground biomass and the factors affecting it in a typical forest area in the central Tianshan Mountains
    XIAO Shuting, YAN An, WANG Weixia, ZHANG Qingqing, HOU Zhengqing, MA Mengqian, SUN Zhe
    2024, 61(9): 2237-2244.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.019
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    【Objective】 aboveground biomass at different time and spatial scales and analyze its influencing factors, this project aims to reveal the dynamic change process of the ecosystem in the natural forest area and explore the environmental factors affecting the change of aboveground biomass. 【Methods】 Based on the remote sensing data of the past 20 years from 2000 to 2022 and the actual sample data of the forest land in the study area, this study used the remote sensing information to establish an estimation model, estimate the aboveground biomass in the typical natural forest area of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang, and analyze the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of biomass in the area and the influencing factors of the aboveground biomass changes of natural forest lands. 【Results】 The spatial distribution of aboveground biomass in woodland in the study area was obvious, with high biomass in northeast China and low biomass in southwest China, mainly concentrated in the northern part of the study area. In 2022, the forest biomass of the Internship Forest Farm was about 3.728×106 t, the maximum value was about 559.67 t/hm2, and the average biomass was about 233.45 t/hm2. The biomass in the northeast was higher than in the southwest, and the increase in latitude led to a decrease in biomass. There were differences in the interannual variation trend of aboveground biomass in woodland in the study area, and the overall state was stable and growing, with 52.63% of the area biomass increasing and 47.37% of the area biomass decreasing. The biomass per unit area of different forest age stages increased with the increase of forest age, and the biomass of the tree layer was the highest in mature forests. 【Conclusion】 In the forest land in the study area, the area and biomass proportion of juvenile forest to overmature forest are different, and it is necessary to increase the investment in natural regeneration and artificial tending work. From 2000 to 2022, the aboveground biomass of forest land in the study area gradually increased from north to south, and precipitation played a positive role in biomass growth. In the southwest area of the Internship Forest Farm, human activities are frequent, and changes in temperature and precipitation affect the growth of trees and grasslands, resulting in the high distribution of biomass in the northeast and low distribution of biomass in the southwest.

    Plant Protection·Microbes·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Soil Fertilizer
    Study on the trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services in extreme arid areas under multi scenario land use changes
    LUO Hao, JIAN Zhengbo, SUN Tingting, WANG Yuelin, SHAN Nana, YANG Zhiying
    2024, 61(9): 2245-2256.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.020
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    【Objective】 This project aims at studying the changes in ecosystem service value (ESV) caused by land use changes under multiple scenarios, as well as the spatiotemporal changes and trade-off synergies of ecosystem service functions in the hope of providing decision-making reference. 【Methods】 Taking Turpan City, an extremely arid region, as an example, based on the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation Model (PLUS), equivalent factor method, spatial autocorrelation, ESCI, ESTD models, and other methods, the ESV changes, spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, and trade-off synergy relationships in Turpan City from 2010 to 2035 (natural development, farmland protection, ecological protection) were estimated and predicted. 【Results】 (1) From 2010 to 2020, the grassland and construction land areas in Turpan City increased by 0.16×104hm2 and 1.98×104hm2, respectively, while the cultivated land, forest land, water area, and unused land decreased by 0.51×104, 0.46×104, 0.33×104, and 0.85×104hm2, respectively. Under these three scenarios, the reduction rate of water area slowed down and the expansion degree of construction land decreased. (2) In 2010, 2015 and 2020, the ESV in the study area was 213.75×108 Yuan, 209.23×108 Yuan and 205.78×108 Yuan, respectively, showing a linear downward trend, with a total decrease of 7.97×108 Yuan;Under the three simulated scenarios of natural development scenario, cultivated land protection and ecological protection, the ESV showed an upward trend, and the spatial distribution characteristics were "high in the northern mountainous area and low in the southern desert" (3) In 2035, under the three scenarios, the main focus will be on synergy among various ecosystem service functions. The distribution of "high-high" and "low-low" collaborative agglomeration areas is likely to be highly consistent with the distribution of ESV high and low value areas, and the balance relationship would be scattered in the border area between urban and agricultural spaces and other local areas. 【Conclusion】 The ESV of natural development, cultivated land protection and ecological protection scenario was 207.90×108 Yuan、213.06×108 Yuan and 240.40×108 Yuan, all higher than that in 2020 ESV.

    The control effect of reduced pesticides application and adjuvant addition on wheat aphids in jujube-wheat intercropping pattern
    SHEN Yuyang, HONG Gaojie, FAN Guiqiang, CHEN Li, LEI Junjie, LI Guangkuo, GAO Haifeng
    2024, 61(9): 2257-2268.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.021
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    【Objective】 This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of reduced pesticides application and adjuvant addition in the control of wheat aphids in jujube-wheat intercropping, and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific use and dosage reduction of pesticides to control the desease. 【Methods】 A randomized block design was used to conduct a fixed plant survey‘Jijian’ to verify the effects of different reduction proportions of five commonly used pesticides and adjuvant addition on the control effect of wheat aphids in jujube-wheat intercropping system. 【Results】 7 d after pesticides application, the control effects against wheat aphids of 20%-40% reduction dosage treatments of 22% thiamethoxam-lambda-cyhalothrin SC, 22% sulfoxaflor SC and 70% thiamethoxam WG were 91.88%-94.22%, 89.30%-94.11% and 80.08%-83.82%, respectively, which had no significant difference compared to the corresponding regular dosage treatment. The control effect of 20%-40% reduction dosage treatments within adjuvant ‘Jijian’ against wheat aphids were not significantly improved compared with the treatments without any adjuvants. 【Conclusion】 If pursuing a relative higher control effects within 7 d, 40% reduction dosages of 22% thiamethoxam-lambda-cyhalothrin SC, 22% sulfoxaflor SC and 70% thiamethoxam WG can be chosen to spray manually. To maintain a better control effect within 14 d, 20%-40% reduction dosages of tested five pesticides can achieve the purpose. When manually spraying pesticides to control wheat aphids in jujube-wheat intercropping fields in South Xinjiang, adjuvant ‘Jijian’ adding is not necessary.

    Effects of microbial agents on cotton growth and soil physico-chemical properties
    ZHANG Tingjun, LI Zihui, CUI Yujiang, SUN Xiaogui, CHEN Fang
    2024, 61(9): 2269-2276.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.022
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    【Objective】 This research aims to study the effects of 'Jun Lin Tian Xia' microbial inoculant on cotton growth and development, yield and quality traits and soil physico-chemical properties. 【Methods】 The field demonstration method was adopted: 133.33 hm2 of microbial agent demonstration and 133.33 hm2 of control (7th company, 149 th regiment: 53.33 hm2, 11 th company, 134 th regiment: 40 hm2, 13 th company, 141th regiment: 40 hm2). The agronomic traits were investigated at seedling stage, bud stage and flowering and boll stage, and the yield and quality traits were measured at boll stage. 【Results】 Cotton boll opening could be 2 d earlier than the control. The number of bolls per plant increased by 0.11-0.3, the number of bolls harvested per mu increased by 12,090-18,708, and the single boll weight increased by 0.03-0.3 g ; the yield of seed cotton was increased by 76.0-100.46 kg/667m2 per mu compared with the control, and the yield of seed cotton was increased by 47.66-66 kg/667m2. The lint percentage increased by 0.57-1.14 percentage points, the breaking strength was 0.4-0.8 percentage points, and the Micronaire value decreased by 0.2. At the same time, the use of microbial agents could reduce and improve soil structure, activate soil phosphorus, and increase soil available phosphorus content. 【Conclusion】 The application of microbial inoculants can promote the growth and development of cotton, increase yield and improve quality. At the same time, the use of microbial inoculants can reduce and improve soil structure, activate soil phosphorus and increase soil available phosphorus content.

    Analyze the microbial diversity of cotton aphids with different bacterial types in cotton fields
    AN Zhe, NIU Ruichang, ZHU Xiangzhen, WANG Li, ZHANG Kaixin, LI Dongyang, JI Jichao, NIU Lin, GAO Xueke, LUO Junyu, CUI Jinjie, MA Deying
    2024, 61(9): 2277-2284.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.023
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    【Objective】 To explore the differences of microbial species and abundance in different types of Aphis gossypii Glove. 【Methods】 The V3-V4 region of 16SrRNA gene of symbiotic bacteria in different types of A. gossypii in cotton fields was sequenced by HiSeq platform, and the species and diversity of symbiotic bacteria in green bug bugs were analyzed. 【Results】 The dominant phylum of A. gossypii in the control group, serratia and Hamiltonella A. gossypii was Proteus, and the relative species abundance accounted for 97.42%, 95.55% and 92.78%, respectively. The dominant bacteria in the control group and the experimental group were Enterobacteriaceae, but the relative abundance was different, accounting for 96.14%, 81.285% and 84.22%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the microbial abundance of Hamiltonella and Serratia increased significantly, accounting for 77.40% and 12.04%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The microbial abundance of A. gossypii containing Serratia and Hamiltonella in cotton field is significantly affected, and the relative abundance of Hamiltonella and Serratia increased significantly.

    Different dosage of microbial agents on the yield and quality of processed tomatoes
    CHEN Fang, LI Zihui, SUNXiaogui , ZHANG Tingjun
    2024, 61(9): 2285-2289.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.024
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    【Objective】 Different dosage of microbial agents on the yield and quality in the production of processing tomatoes in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 To investigate the application effect of microbial agent "Junlintianxia".The tomatoes were subjected to different doses of microbials agent at the seedling, early flowering, and fruiting stages through root dipping and drip irrigation. 【Results】 The application of microbial agent significantly enhanced the growth potential, stress tolerance, and yield of processing tomatoes. The field investigation demonstrated that the application of microbial agent treatment resulted in a significant increase in crop yield by 9.3% and economic benefits by RMB 440.7/667m2, when compared to conventional management practices. Additionally, there was a reduction of 12.7% and 13.7% in fertilizer and pesticide usage respectively. 【Conclusion】 The application of microbial agent "Junlintianxia" in processing tomato fields can effectively enhance the quality and yield of tomatoes, thereby significantly augmenting the economic benefits associated with processing tomatoes.

    Screening of phytase producing probiotic lactic acid bacteria
    WANG Haozhong, LIN Qing, ZENG Jun, GAO Yan, ZHAO Yanhui, SHI Hongling, MA Guijun, MA Zhenghai, LOU Kai, HUO Xiangdong
    2024, 61(9): 2290-2298.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.025
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    【Objective】 To isolate and characterization phytase production probiotic lactic acid bacteria. 【Methods】 Morphologically different strains were isolated from fermented feed, boza and Jiangshui. Through enzyme production screening and 16S rDNA molecular identification, phytase producing lactic acid bacteria strains were obtained and evaluated through acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, intestinal and gastric juice tolerance, self-aggregation ability, and antibacterial analysis. 【Results】 Four phytase producing lactic acid bacteria were identified. Among them, strain JS5, which was 100% similar to Lactobacillus paracasei JCM 1171, with a maximum phytase activity of 0.83 U/mL. The strain was designated as lactobacillus paracasei. The survival rate of strain JS5 under pH 3 was as high as 100%. At a bile salt concentration of 0.1%, the survival rate of JS5 was 0.55%. In simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice, the survival rates were 8.56% and 0.38%,respectively, and the number of viable bacteria was above 1×106CFU/mL, which was the lowest viable bacteria number with beneficial effects. The self-aggregation ability of strain JS5 was (9.69±0.44), which can promote the colonization of strain JS5 in the intestine. It had inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 【Conclusion】 Lactobacillus paracasei JS5 has a high phytase production and can survive in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. It has good cell adhesion ability and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria and can be used as a probiotics for livestock and poultry.

    Effects of microbial inoculants on physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of walnut leaves
    Paziliye Ahemati, WANG Xinyong, ZHOU Yan, SONG Bin, Yusuf Abulitifu
    2024, 61(9): 2299-2306.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.026
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1155KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 To explore the effects of microbial microbial agents on the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of walnut leaves,and to provide scientific basis for the application of microbial microbial agents on walnut in Aksu area. 【Methods】 A total of 6 experimental treatments were set up with 14-year old walnut "Wen185" as the test material,which were 30 g/ strain of Bacillus subtilis (T1), 30 g/ strain of Trichoderma hartzii (T2), 40 g/ strain of Bacillus subtilis (T3), 40 g/ strain of Trichoderma hartzii (T4), and 30 g/ strain of Trichoderma Hartzii. Bacillus subtilis 20 g/ strain + Trichoderma harziensis 20 g/ strain (T5), water control (CK). Then, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight and dry weight were measured. After thatn, chlorophyll (SPAD), photosynthetic characteristics and other indicators were determined and the effects of different amounts of microbial inoculants on walnut leaves were analyzed. 【Results】 Under T5 treatment, the area, length, fresh weight and dry weight of walnut leaves were significantly higher than those of control, which were 31.75%,11.55%,90.83% and 166.66% higher, respectively. Leaf nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium showed the maximum value, which was 65.68%,61.14% and 57.47% higher than that of the control. Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics index parameters were also increased under this treatment. 【Conclusion】 Trench application of 20 g on each of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harziana promote the growth,nutrient content and photosynthetic performance of walnut leaves. In this experiment, the combination of Bacillus subtilis 20 g and Trichoderma harziana 20 g has the best effect.

    The characteristics of 32 cultivated germplasms of Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus in Xinjiang production area
    CHEN Yong, ZHOU Lei, SUI Chun, LIN Caixia
    2024, 61(9): 2307-2314.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.027
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    【Objective】 The characters of different germplasm of Isatis indigotica in Xinjiang were studied,the excellent germplasm suitable for local planting was screened out. 【Methods】 32 cultivated germplasm of Isatis indigotica were collected from the whole production area of Isatis indigotica.Grown in manas county,Changii Hui Autonomous Prefecturd Province.The agronomic traits and quality traits were taken as indexes.To analyze the characters of Isatis indigotica germplasm in Xinjiang. 【Results】 The results showed that most of the germplasms had light brown, oblanceolate fruits with length/width ranging from 2.2 to 5.0, thickness ranging from 1 to 3, and thousand-grain weight ranging from 6 to 20 g. The leaf shape was mostly elliptic, the leaf margin shape was mostly medium and weak in strength, the degree of leaf margin notch was mainly light and medium, the anthocyanic colouring was evenly distributed in four degrees (none, weak, medium and strong), and the leaf length was mostly concentrated in 15-25 cm. Root length was concentrated at 35-45 cm, root width at 1.5-2.5 cm, and number of lateral roots at 4-6. The single root weight was concentrated at 100-150 g, with XJ-1 and XJ-2 being the outstanding germplasms. There were significant differences in (R, S)-goitrin content among the germplasms, with XJ-1 and HN-1 germplasms being the excellent performers. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the number of lateral roots and root length, and a highly significant positive correlation with root width. There was a highly significant positive correlation between root weight and root width and number of lateral roots. Root width was negatively correlated with root length. 【Conclusion】 There are differences in the performance of traits among the various germplasm in Xinjiang, with HLJ-1 showing excellent performance in agronomic traits such as root length and leaf length, and XJ-1 showing relative advantages in both root weight and active ingredient content.

    Preparation of jujube based carbon slow release fertilizer with starch as adhesive and its release property analysis
    ZHAO Suya, YANG Yanai, ZHOU Ling, LYU Xifeng, YAO Jiang, LU Yaling
    2024, 61(9): 2315-2322.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.028
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (945KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 Preparation of jujube based carbon slow release fertilizer with starch as adhesive and its release property analysis. 【Methods】 In this work, jujube charcoal as the carrier, modified starch as the adhesive and urea as the active component and they were employed to prepare jujube charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer by changing the factors, such as the amount of water content, the molding temperature, the molding pressure, the carbon fertilizer ratio and the adding amount of adhesive, and after that the influence of these factors on the compressive and slow-release properties of the slow-release fertilizer were explored. 【Results】 The experimental results showed that when the forming pressure was 7 kN, the water content was 20% and the forming temperature was 60 oC, the forming and compressive properties of pure carbon powder were better. Under the same conditions of fertilizer formation, when the ratio of charcoal to urea was 4∶1 and the ratio of adhesive was 4%, the jujube particles had the highest compressive strength. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the traditional slow-release fertilizer, the prepared slow-release fertilizer had better nitrogen accumulation and release rate when the amount of adhesive added was 4%. Compared with pure urea fertilizer, the jujube charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer particles prepared in this work have better compression resistance which can effectively improve its slow-release performance.

    Study on the variation of fresh beef quality under different storage temperature conditions
    QIAO Yajie, FU Huixin, QIAO Xue, MENG Xintao, ZHANG Ting, PAN Yan
    2024, 61(9): 2323-2329.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.029
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1016KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 To clarify the rule of fresh beef quality change under different storage temperature conditions in order to provide scientific basis for the quality control of fresh beef in production. 【Methods】 The longest dorsal muscles of fresh beef were used as the test material, and stored at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25℃, and then the quality changes of fresh beef were regularly measured and analyzed according to their quality change characteristics, finally, the quality change rule of fresh beef during storage at different temperatures was discussed. 【Results】 Temperature had a certain influence on the quality index and microorganisms of fresh beef during storage, and the quality of fresh beef varied under different storage temperature conditions. The lower the temperature, the smaller the juice loss rate and pH value of fresh beef, the better the meat color was maintained, the greater the shear force, the slower the rise rate of volatile salt-based nitrogen (TVB-N), and the smaller the total number of colonies, which was conducive to the storage of fresh beef. The storage time of fresh beef at 25, 20, 15, 10, 5 and 0℃ was 22, 30, 72, 108, 144 and 384 h, respectively. 【Conclusion】 0-15℃ Low-temperature storage enables the storage time of fresh beef to reach 3-16 d, which is conducive to maintaining the edible quality of fresh beef.

    Study on the effect of N fertilization on drought resistance of Calligonum caput-medusae seedlings
    LI Jinyao, XU Guiqing, WANG Lisheng, LU Ping, SHI Dongfang, ZHENG Weihua
    2024, 61(9): 2330-2340.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.030
    Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1331KB) ( )  

    【Objective】 An important afforestation tree in arid region. 【Methods】 To explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on drought resistance of Calligonum caput-medusae Schrenk seedlings, Two groups of water treatments (deficit water supply and normal water supply) and two groups of nitrogen treatments (no nitrogen application and nitrogen application) were set up in pot experiment to determine the physiological and biochemical indexes of assimilated branches of seedlings. 【Results】 (1) Compared with normal water supply, the relative water content (RWC), midday water potential (Ψm), maximum stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content (Chl), apparent quantum efficiency (Φ) and soluble sugar (SS) contents of assimilated branches were significantly decreased under deficit water supply. The content of proline (Pro) increased significantly. (2) Compared with no N application group, N application slowed down the relative water content of the assimilated branches of A. capulosa seedlings under deficit and normal water supply, but it was not significant; Compared with normal water supply, nitrogen application under deficit water supply reduced the assimilative branch water potential of A. capillata seedlings. (3) Under normal water supply, the contents of Pro and SS were increased by nitrogen application, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Under deficient water supply, nitrogen application increased the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Pro and SS (P<0.05), but significantly decreased the content of MDA (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The physiological activity of Jujube japonica seedlings is affected by the availability of soil water, and nitrogen application can reduce the effect of drought stress on them. Nitrogen application increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the concentration of cytosoles in the deficient and normal water supply, and helps the seedlings to overcome oxidative stress, reduce damage and increase osmoregulatory substances.