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Effects of different growth regulator and its application times on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation ZHANG Jingcan, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 37-44.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.005 Abstract （2942）   HTML （9）    PDF （1136KB）（19）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To select the most suitable growth regulators and the application times of regulators in the hope of providing theoretical basis for lodging resistance and control measures of Xinjiang drip irrigation wheat. 【Methods】 Xinjong 18 were taken as the material, and different regulators as the main zones under the field drip irrigation conditions from 2021 to 2022: clear water control (CK), calcium modulate · Enodozole (A), nanocin (B), enodozole·methylpiperonium (C), antyloxyl ester (D), polylodozole (E), and in addition, the frequency of regulator application was used as the secondary zones: A total of 12 treatments were applied at rise stage (P1) and rise stage + jointing stage (P2) to analyze the effects of different treatments on plant height, center of gravity height, internode length, stem diameter, stem bending resistance and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height could be controlled effectively, the center of gravity height and internode length could be reduced, and the bending resistance of the basal stems could be improved. The bending resistance of the basal stems was increased by 8.97% and 14.89% in the treatment of one-time and twice spraying of regulator. BP2 treatment could effectively increase the effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight, and the panicle number increased significantly under CP2 treatment. Under the premise of spraying one regulator, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP1, BP1 and CP1 treatments, and under the premise of spraying two regulators, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP2, BP2, CP2 and DP2 treatments. 【Conclusion】 The plant height of AP2 and BP2 are relatively suitable, the stem lodging resistance is better, and the grain yield is increased greatly. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of combined application of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat and the fertilizer effect SUN Na, MA Lin, ZOU Hui, ZHANG Zhihui, ZHANG Shengjun, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, LI Zhibin, CAO Junmei, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.001 Abstract （1672）   HTML （35）    PDF （1213KB）（95）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 It is important to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer rationing on the yield and quality of wheat and the fertilizer effect, and to find out the optimal NPK fertilizer application rate and fertilizer ration for high yield, high quality and high efficiency of wheat. 【Methods】 The winter wheat cultivar Xindong 42 was used as the test material, and the fertilizer effect test design scheme "3414" was adopted to conduct the field plot test to determine the yield and quality related traits of winter wheat and to fit the fertilizer effect model. 【Results】 Meanwhile the effect of NPK fertilizer on yield showed reciprocal effects, with the size of the reciprocal effects being NPK>NP>NK>PK in the order of NPK>NP>PK. Among the 14 treatments, N2P2K2 had the highest yield and economic benefit of 8,036.03 kg/hm2 and 18,044.85 yuan/hm2, respectively. After being analyzed by the regression equation, the maximum yield of 8,082.75 kg/hm2 was achieved when the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 190.21, 122.27 and 53.11 kg/hm2, respectively; the best economic benefit achieved was 18,056.37/hm2,when the application rates 171.03, 108.18 and 44.77 kg/hm2, respectively; maximum starch dry basis content 5,742.29 kg/hm2 was obtained 180.00, 125.69 and 50.90 kg/hm2, respectively; maximum wet gluten content 274.64, 69.75 and 138.95 kg/hm2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could significantly improve the yield, quality and economic benefits of Xindong 42. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat CHEN Chuanxin, ZHANG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 68-74.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.009 Abstract （1656）   HTML （7）    PDF （946KB）（38）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 This research aims to understand the effects of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat. 【Methods】 Field experiments were conducted on the treatment of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer.A comparative study was conducted on the chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area index, photosynthetic fluorescence index, and yield of wheat under different treatments. 【Results】 The photosynthetic characteristics of wheat leaves varied among different treatments.There was no significant difference in chlorophyll SPAD value, initial fluorescence intensity, and maximum photochemical efficiency among the treatments.The chlorophyll SPAD value of PN2 was the highest in the combination treatment of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agent, and the chlorophyll SPAD value during the flowering and filling stages increased by 0.68 and 0.70, respectively, compared to the full nitrogen fertilizer treatment without microbial agent.The leaf area index of PN2 treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was the highest, significantly higher than that of PN0 treated without nitrogen fertilizer.The leaf area index during the flowering and filling stages increased by 38.59% and 37.70%, respectively, compared to PN0.The net photosynthetic rate of PN2 treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was higher than that of PN1, PN3, and PN4 treatments, and significantly higher than that of PN0 treatment.The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents resulted in the highest PN2, significantly higher than other treatments, with an increase of 41.63%, 9.53%, 20.65%, and 22.70% compared to PN0, PN1, PN3, and PN4 treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents showed the best comprehensive performance in wheat photosynthetic characteristics and yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Yield formation characteristics of different spring wheat varieties in dryland farming area of Xinjiang CHEN Hui, ZHANG Yongqiang, BI Haiyan, TANJun , CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, YU Jianxin, LU Dong, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 13-20.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.002 Abstract （1559）   HTML （10）    PDF （904KB）（34）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To screen out high-yield spring wheat varieties suitable for planting and promotion under rain-fed agriculture conditions in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The chlorophyll content, agronomic traits and yield of 32 spring wheat varieties were determined, and the drought tolerance of spring wheat in Xinjiang was comprehensively evaluated by analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The chlorophyll content of Xinchun 44 was the highest, which was 11.92% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688. The coefficient of variation of the main quantitative traits of spring wheat ranged from 6.18% to 28.75%, and the four indexes of actual yield, biomass per plant, number of infertile spikelets and 1000-grain weight had rich genetic variation and great potential for improvement. The highest yield of Xinchun 44 was 6,174.76 kg/hm2, which was 82.04% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688.There was a significant positive correlation between the yield and 1000-grain weight (P< 0.01), which were significantly positively correlated with the number of grains per panicle and stem length under panicle (P< 0. 05). At the genetic distance of 12.5, it was divided into five major groups, and the traits of each group were significantly different, and the number of grains per spike and the yield of group II Xinchun 44 were significantly higher than those of other groups. 【Conclusion】 Considering comprehensively, it is considered that Xinchun 44 has the strongest drought tolerance and is suitable for planting and promotion in the dryland of Xinjiang. After comprehensive consideration, it is believed that Xinchun 44 drought resistance is the strongest and is suitable for planting and promotion in dry land in Xinjiang. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers with humic acid strategies on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat MA Lin, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, ZOU Hui, SUN Na, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 60-67.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.008 Abstract （1503）   HTML （9）    PDF （1195KB）（19）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and soil conditioner dosing strategies on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and yield components of wheat in the hope of providing reference for the reasonable dosing of nitrogen fertilizer and humic acid for wheat in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Under drip irrigation in large fields, five treatments of winter wheat variety Yinong 22 were set up without nitrogen fertilizer (CK), basal application of 18-Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) + Trailing urea (T1), basal application of 16-DAP + Trailing urea (T2), basal application of 18-DAP + Trailing humic acid urea (T3), and basal application of 16-DAP + Trailing humic acid urea (T4) to explore the effects of different fertilizer application strategies on the biomass, leaf area index, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, yield and yield components of winter wheat. 【Results】 Each N application treatment significantly increased winter wheat below-ground biomass, above-ground biomass, photosynthetic capacity, yield and yield components relative to the CK treatment, with significant differences between the basal application of humic acid urea relative to the basal application of urea treatment under the same basal application condition, whereas there were differences, but not significant, between the basal application of different diammonium phosphate treatments under the same basal application condition. The leaf area index, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of nitrogen application treatment increased by 4.88% - 32.43%, 18.31% - 36.36% and 13.31% - 42.17%, respectively, compared with the control treatment, which showed T4>T3>T1>T2>CK; the number of spikes, number of grains in a spike and thousand-grain weight of the nitrogen treatment increased by 23.99%-32.04%, respectively, compared with the control treatment, 10.16%-15.29% and 3.95%-5.64%, respectively, which showed T4>T3>T2>T1>CK; T3 treatment increased the below-ground biomass, above-ground biomass, and yield by 13.32%, 3.61%, and 1.77%, respectively, compared with T1 treatment, and T4 treatment increased the yield by 9.84%, 7.14%, and 5.81%, respectively, compared with T2. The T4 treatment effect was optimal among all the treatments. 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen application is favorable to the growth and development of winter wheat, which can significantly increase the biomass, photosynthetic capacity and yield of winter wheat. The effect of the follow-up application of humic acid urea at the nodulation stage was better than that of the basal application of different types of diammonium phosphate, among which the T4 treatment (basal application of 16-diammonium phosphate + follow-up application of humic acid urea) has the best effect in enhancing the biomass, photosynthetic capacity and yield of winter wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation LI Jie, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, XU Wenxiu, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 53-59.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.007 Abstract （1473）   HTML （9）    PDF （1093KB）（12）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter production, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022, under the conditions of drip irrigation in the field, five treatments were set up: no urea (F0), ordinary urea (F1), humate urea (F2), controlled release urea single base application (F3) and controlled release urea fractional application (F4). The changes of yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under different drip irrigation treatments were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that in the test period, the SPAD value of winter wheat leaves under F4 treatment was the highest, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were also higher than those under other treatments, while the intercellular CO2 concentration was the lowest. Dry matter accumulation per plant of each treatment was F4>F2>F3>F1>F0 at flowering stage and filling stage. The highest yield of drip irrigation under different treatments was 9,210.95 kg/hm2 under F4 treatment, which was 21.64%, 12.52%, 6.87% and 7.77% higher than that under F0, F1, F2 and F3 treatments, respectively. The maximum nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (11.29 kg /kg) and nitrogen partial productivity (40.71 kg /kg) of winter wheat were obtained under F4 treatment. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that under the experimental conditions, controlled release urea fractional application F4 treatment of winter wheat leaves has better photosynthetic indexes and higher grain yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of uniform sowing and densification on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat XIE Xiurong, ZHANG Yongqiang, HAI Feng, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, WANG Jichuan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 21-28.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.003 Abstract （1465）   HTML （24）    PDF （908KB）（35）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of uniform sowing on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat in northern Xinjiang, and to provide basis for reasonable dense planting of late sowing wheat in the region. 【Methods】 Delayed sowing time (sowing date was October 26, witha delay of 16~ 38 d) was used to analyze the effects of late sowingand uniform sowing on the population structue and yield of winter wheat during the appropriate sowing period of winter wheat (September 20~ 30), and differe nt planting densities were set up in the field:525×104 grains/hm2(D1, the conventional sowing density of the field),600×104 grains/hm2 (D2), 675×104 grains/hm2(D3), 750×104 grains/hm2(D4),825×104 grains/hm2(D5), and 900×104 grains/hm2(D6), to compare the population structure of late sowing winter wheat with different planting densities. 【Results】 Under late sowing conditions, with the increase of planting density, the number of stems and tillers increased, with the D1 treatment having the highest tiller success rate of 46.08%, which was higher than the other treatments by 2. 01%, 8. 94%, 29. 58%, 43. 02%, and 44. 63%, in that order;Plant height increased with increasing density, and all D1 treatments differed significantly from D5 and D6 treatments, and basalinternode 1 and internode 2 coarseness gradually decreased; the difference betweenD1 treatment and D5 and D6 treatment was significant,With D3 treatment (6.75 million grains /hm2), the leaf area of each leaf layer at flowering stage reached the maximumvalue (27.58 cm2, 25.75 cm2, 18.45 cm2),andthe leaf area index LAI also reached the maximum value (6.93), and the light transmission from floweringstage to wax ripening stage decreased the least among all treatments. The maximum yield was 8,908.47kg/hm2 under D5 treatment,and the minimum yield was 7,320.47 kg/hm2 under D1 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of late sowing, the planting density of 675 × 104 grains/hm2 has better population structure, while 825 × 104 grains/hm2 is more capable of obtaining high yield,and 675 × 104 ~ 825× 104 grains/hm2 is more suitable for late sowing of winter wheat even sowing planting density. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different phosphorus application modes on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of Dry-Seeded and Wet-Emerged winter wheat ZHANG Yanting, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, CHEN Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 29-36.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.004 Abstract （1345）   HTML （9）    PDF （1233KB）（21）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application methods on the photosynthesis characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of dry-seeded wet-irrigated winter wheat, and to provide theoretical basis for phosphorus fertilizer application methods in dry-seeded wet-irrigated mode under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Under field test conditions, Xindong 22 was used as experimental material, and a two-factor split plot experiment design was adopted. Two kinds of seedling emergence water methods were set up in the main plot: sowing (F) and dry sowing (D). Under the condition of the same total phosphorus application amount, three phosphorus application methods were set up in the secondary district, 100% base application (P1), 70% base application +30% drop application (P2), 50% base application +50% drop application (P3), and the effects of different phosphorus application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of wet wheat were analyzed. 【Results】 Phosphorus fertilizer postpone significantly increased leaf SPAD value and LAI of wheat by 0.88%-7.63% and 7.25%-49.38%, respectively. In the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat, all indexes showed a downward trend with the growth period, among which DP3 treatment showed the best performance, Pn, Tr and Gs were 25.59μmol/ (m2·s), 18.21 mmol/ (m2·s) and 0.73 mmol/ (m2·s) at flowering stage, respectively. The lowest Ci was 324.88μmol/mol, and the difference between treatments was significant. The number of panes, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were increased by 1.36%-18.43%、0.59%-4.06% and 0.77%-7.21%, respectively, compared with FP1 treatment. The grain yield was DP3>DP2>FP3>FP2>DP1>FP1. Compared with FP1, the yield increase of each treatment was more than 4.5%. 【Conclusion】 DP3 treatment (50% base application +50% topdressing) can promote photosynthesis of winter wheat under the experimental conditions, and the yield and yield components have the best performance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different types of salt and alkali stress on cotton seed germination DONG Zhiduo, XU Fei, FU Qiuping, HUANG Jian, QI Tong, MENG Ajing, FU Yanbo, Kaisaier Kuerban Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1831-1844.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.002 Abstract （294）   HTML （24）    PDF （2106KB）（89）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the influence and threshold of different types of saline-alkali stress on the germination of cotton seeds. 【Methods】 Four types of saline-alkali stress and seven concentration levels were simulated by Petri dish method. Cotton seeds of Xinluzhong 84, Tahe 2, Xinluzhong 40 and Jiumian 18 were used as research objects. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, seed vigor index, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings after germination were analyzed, salt tolerance threshold and membership function values were calculated, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out. 【Results】 (1) The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vitality index, fresh weight and dry weight of cotton seed after germination showed a significant downward trend under the four types of saline-alkali stress. There was a significant negative correlation between saline-alkali concentration and all indexes, and the correlation between saline-alkali concentration and germination rate was more than -0.90. (2) The salt tolerance thresholds of cotton at germination stage were different under the four types of saline-alkali stress conditions. The salt tolerance thresholds under S1 stress ranged from 90.70 to 121.73 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S2 stress ranged from 82.68 to 128.30 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S3 stress ranged from 51.97 to 84.62 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S4 stress ranged from 73.49 to 98.21 mmol/L. (3) The salt tolerance of cotton seeds under four kinds of saline-alkali stress was analyzed by membership function and its order was Xinluzhong 84 > Xinluzhong 40 > Tahe 2 > Jiumian 18 under S1 stress, Xinluzhong 84 > Tahe 2 > Xinluzhong 40 > Jiumian 18 under S2 stress, and Tahe 2 > Xinluzhong 40 > Xinluzhong 84 > Jiumian 18 under S3 stress. It was found that the order of salt tolerance of cotton seeds under S4 stress was consistent with that under S2 stress. 【Conclusion】 The germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of cotton seeds are decreased under the four types of saline-alkali stress, and the fresh and dry weight of seedlings shows a downward trend with the increase of the concentration. The effect of alkaline salt on the germination of cotton seed is obviously greater than that of neutral salt. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparative study on the development of cotton bolls between Gossypium barbadense L. and Gossypium hirsutum L. in Southern Xinjiang SHAO Yongjie, ZHAO Yuling, XIE Zongming, HE Liangrong Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (3): 521-530.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.001 Abstract （287）   HTML （27）    PDF （1213KB）（47）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To study and compare the dynamic changes of boll components in the development of cotton bolls and to explore the dynamic development law of Gossypium barbadense L. and Gossypium hirsutum L. in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing scientific theoretical basis for the management of high-yield and high-quality cultivation and high-yield and high-quality breeding of cotton.【Methods】The bolls of Xinhai No.25 and Xinluzhong No.37 were taken as the research objects, and the external traits of boll development and dry weight of boll components were compared, and besides, logistic fitting was also carried out for comparison. 【Results】External traits: the length, diameter and volume of the bolls reached their maximum values 9, 9 and 15 d later than those of land cotton, and were 15.539 mm, 7.167 mm and 3.4 cm3 less, respectively; the length-to-diameter ratio of island cotton was 0.725 more than that of land cotton; the bolls of island cotton had 3-4 chambers and 20 seeds; the chambers of land cotton had 4-5 chambers and 36 seeds. Boll traits: the dry weight of the boll shells, seeds and fibres of sea island cotton reached its maximum value 12, 9 and 3 d later than that of terrestrial cotton, and 0.419, 0.654 and 1.204 g lighter; the ratio of boll shells∶seeds∶fibres was 29∶46∶25 for sea island cotton, and 24∶43∶33 for terrestrial cotton; the dry matter of each component of the bolls of sea island and terrestrial cotton was fitted with the Logistic equation, and both showed the same dry matter as that of the land. Fitting results were "S" curve, island cotton and land cotton boll fresh boll weight, boll dry weight, volume with boll age change trends were all similar; Island cotton boll length, boll diameter and cotton seed dry weight entered and ended the vigorous growth time 1-4 d later than terrestrial cotton.【Conclusion】The single boll weight, boll chamber and cotton seed number of upland cotton are higher than that of island cotton, the boll period is shorter than that of island cotton, and the proportion of boll shell and cottonseed is lower than that of island cotton, which shows the characteristics of high lint content and significant single boll. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of microbial inoculants on growth and yield of winter wheat CHEN Fang, LI Zihui, WANG Bingyue, SUN Xiaogui, ZHANG Tingjun Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1853-1860.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.004 Abstract （261）   HTML （13）    PDF （847KB）（57）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of microbial agent Junlintianxia on the wheat growth and yield and provide reference for the application of microbial agent in Xinjiang winter wheat. 【Methods】 Under the condition of field drip irrigation, wheat varieties Xindong 22, Xindong 52, Xindong 53 and Shidong 0358 were used to analyze the effects of no microbial agent Junlintianxia and microbial agent Junlintianxia on the growth and yield of winter wheat. 【Results】 The rate of emergence of wheat was slightly higher than that of the control or the same as that, the time of heading to maturity was slightly higher or the same, and the growth period was almost the same. The average plant height, tiller number and stem diameter increased 0.5 cm, 0.4 and 1.1 mm, respectively. The control effect of root rot was the best in No. 103 group (25.5%). The average weight per spike increased by 0.1g, the average number of grains per spike increased by 2.3 grains, the average yield per mu increased by 38.7 kg/667m2, and the yield per unit yield of the experiment field increased by 6%, higher than that of the control field. The average net increase was 111.4 yuan/667m2 compared with the control field. 【Conclusion】 The application of microbial agent (or Junlintianxia) has no obvious effect on the growth period of wheat, but has seedling preservation effect on winter wheat, which promotes wheat growth and development, has control effect on winter wheat diseases, and increasing effect on winter wheat yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of organic and inorganic combined application on yield, soil nutrients and enzyme activities of winter wheat HOU Lili, WANG Wei, CUI Xinju, ZHOU Dawei Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1845-1852.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.003 Abstract （260）   HTML （13）    PDF （1062KB）（51）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To further investigate the effects of organic inorganic combination application on winter wheat growth and soil quality. 【Methods】 A randomized block design of experiments was used to set six treatments: no fertilization, farmers' conventional fertilization, manure rplacing 25%(CF+M25) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 50%(CF+M50) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 75%(CF+M75) chemical fertilizer, and single application of manure. 0-20 cm of arable soil was collected at the turning green, jointing, flowering, and filling stages, and the internal relationship between soil enzyme activity and wheat yield, soil nutrients under the condition of organic and inorganic fertilizer application at each growth stage was discussed. 【Results】 Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment for farmers, 25% and 50% manure treatment increased the number of ears and grains per ear per unit area; The yield of winter wheat under M treatment was 16.2%, 15.9% and 16.8% lower than those under 25%(CF+M25), 50%(CF+M50) and 75%(CF+M75) manure replacement treatments, respectively; The total nitrogen content of CF+M25 and CF+M50 treatments showed a continuous increasing trend, reaching its maximum value during the mature period. The highest available potassium content was observed in the M treatment at each growth stage, which showed a significant difference compared to other treatments. It reached its maximum value of 297.5 mg/kg during the jointing stage, significantly increasing by 50.5% compared to the CF treatment; Soil enzyme activity was highly significantly correlated with available phosphorus content, but not significantly correlated with available potassium. 【Conclusion】 Soil nutrients, enzyme activities and winter wheat yield are closely related. The combination of manure with 30% can achieve the theoretical maximum yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different row spacing and defoliant on cotton defoliation XU Shouzhen, MA Qi, NING Xinzhu, LI Jilian, SU Junji, HAN Huanyong, WANG Fangyong, LIN Hai Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (3): 546-555.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.004 Abstract （247）   HTML （5）    PDF （1315KB）（23）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To reveal the physiological and ecological mechanism of the synergistic improvement of cotton plant row spacing configuration and defoliation ripening effect, reduce machine-picked impurities and improve the quality of raw cotton. 【Methods】Jinken 1643 was used as the experimental material, and the main row spacing configuration and defoliant in the northern Xinjiang cotton area were selected. The two-factor split-plot design was used in the project and the main area was the row spacing configuration, which was P6: Wide-narrow row-spacing configuration, the row spacing configuration was 66 cm + 10 cm and P3: Uniform row-spacing configuration, the row spacing configuration was 76 cm; the sub-area was sprayed with different defoliants, which were TR: Ruituolong (80% thidiazuron) and T : Xinthili (thidiazuron · ethephon suspension). By measuring the defoliation rate, miscellaneous leaf rate, boll dehydration rate, cotton boll opening rate and fiber quality of cotton plants under different treatment combinations, the effect of row spacing configuration on defoliation and ripening of cotton spraying different defoliants was discussed. 【Results】The main time period for the efficacy of the defoliant was 0-15 days after spraying the agent. The defoliation and boll opening effect of Xinthili on cotton was more rapid (0-10 d), and the defoliation rate and defoliation rate were high, the dehydration rate of cotton boll was high, and the net boll opening rate was high under the treatment of one film and six lines, which could rapidly promote defoliation and boll opening, but it would cause a significant increase in miscellaneous leaf rate and damage to the length of upper cotton boll fiber. However, under the treatment of one film and three lines, the effect of spraying Xinthili on defoliation and boll opening was poor. The defoliation and boll opening effect of Ruituolong on cotton was weak at the initial stage (0-5 d), and it mainly played a role after application (5-15 d). Although the defoliation rate and boll opening rate of cotton were slow under the treatment of one film and three lines, the final defoliation rate was not significantly different from other treatments, and it would not cause damage to cotton fiber length and increase of miscellaneous leaf rate. But the effect of spraying Ruituolong on defoliation and boll opening was poor under the treatment of one film and six lines. 【Conclusion】In summary, Xinseli has better and faster defoliation and boll opening under the configuration of one film and six rows, but it would cause the increase of raw cotton leaf impurities and the decrease of upper cotton boll fiber quality. Under the configuration of one film and three lines, the defoliation and boll opening effect of Ruituolong is relatively slow, but the final defoliation and boll opening effect is still high, and it would not cause the increase of leaf impurities and the decrease of fiber quality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on growth, development, yield and quality of Gossypium barbadense L. ZHANG Chengjie, HU Haoran, DUAN Songjiang, WU Yifan, ZHANG Jusong Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1821-1830.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.001 Abstract （246）   HTML （17）    PDF （1279KB）（66）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The objective of this study is to study the regulatory effects of different nitrogen fertilizations and densities on the growth and development of cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for rational dense planting and optimal nitrogen application of s Gossypium barbadense L. in the future. 【Methods】 Under the natural ecological conditions in southern Xinjiang, the effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on the growth, development, yield and quality of sea-island cotton were studied by using Xin 78 as the material and a two-factor experimental design, with two planting densities in the main area and four nitrogen application levels in the secondary area. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches and the number of main stem leaves were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, but negatively correlated with planting density. The SPAD value of leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and density during the whole growth period. The dynamic curves of dry matter accumulation of Gossypium barbadense L. under different treatments were in line with the logistic model, and the dry matter accumulation of D24N2 was the largest, reaching 22,462 kg/hm2, but the dry matter accumulation and distribution of D20N0 in the reproductive organs accounted for the largest proportion, reaching 72%. The number of boll per plant and the weight of each boll were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, and negatively correlated with planting density, but the number of plants harvested per unit area was positively correlated with planting density, and the lint yield and seed cotton yield of D24N2 combination were the highest, which increased by 2,251.65 kg/hm2 and 774.77 kg/hm2, respectively compared with the lowest D24N0 combination. Planting density and nitrogen fertilization rate had no significant effect on the fiber quality of sea-island cotton. 【Conclusion】 Under the planting mode of machine picking cotton in southern Xinjiang, when the planting density is 240,000 plants/hm2 and the nitrogen application rate is 320 kg/hm2, the growth indexes of sea-island cotton performed well, and the lint yield is the highest, reaching 2,122.62 kg/hm2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment YUAN Yilin, YAN An, ZUO Xiaoxiao, HOU Zhengqing, ZHANG Zhenfei, XIAO Shuting, SUN Zhe, MA Mengqian, ZHAO Yuhang Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1872-1882.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.006 Abstract （226）   HTML （6）    PDF （1603KB）（29）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 Study on impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment.【Methods】 A field enrichment experiment was conducted at Shihuzi Village Farm in Wugongtai Town, Hutubi County, Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang to study the effects of organic fertilizer on soil organic matter and nutrient levels. Six treatments were employed: a control without fertilizer application (CK), a conventional fertilizer application (CF), two levels of nitrogen reduction (T1D1, T1D2, reduced by 15% and 30%, respectively), and two bio-organic fertilizer application rates (T2D1, T2D2, at 1,125 kg/hm2 and 2,250 kg/hm2). Each treatment was replicated four times. 【Results】 In comparison to CF, treatments combining reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited improved leaf area index (LAI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values for spring wheat. The theoretical yield of spring wheat increased by 9.03% to 28.84%. The nitrogen reduction treatments lowered soil pH and electrical conductivity in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, while augmenting soil organic matter. With the same nitrogen reduction, the treatment with 2,250 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer displayed higher soil nutrient content compared with the treatment with 1,125 kg/hm2. When applying the same quantity of bio-organic fertilizer, the 15% nitrogen reduction treatment had greater soil nutrient content than the 30% reduction treatment. In contrast to CK and CF treatments, the treatments integrating reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited increased populations of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, whereas soil fungal populations diminished. 【Conclusion】 A 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilization coupled with bio-organic fertilizer application emerges as an effective fertilization strategy, which encourages prudent utilization of fertilizer resources, enhances soil conditions, promots spring wheat growth in saline-alkali lands, reduces soil pH and electrical conductivity, boosts soil nutrient levels, and optimizes soil microbiota composition. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Salt tolerance in germination period of cotton seeds based on convolutional neural network and synthetic dataset WANG Yongpan, MA Jun, LI Chenyu, YAO Mengyao, WANG Zixuan, HUANG Lingzhi, ZHU Haiyan, LIU Wanrong, LI Bo, YANG Yang, GAO Wenwei Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (2): 261-269.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.001 Abstract （221）   HTML （21）    PDF （1395KB）（36）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To establish a convenient and accurate non-destructive detection method for cotton seed germination phenotypes, so as to characterize the salt tolerance of different cotton germplasm at the germination stage. 【Methods】A synthetic dataset was generated using 150 images of cotton seed germination at different stages and used to train the Mask R-CNN model. Using the trained model, we performed instance segmentation and feature extraction of seed shell and germ in real-world images of 60 cotton germplasm that germinated under 125 mmol/L NaCl treatment, and used them to infer the seed germination rate, germination potential, and germination length, so as to evaluate the salt tolerance of these 60 cotton germplasm in the germination stage. 【Results】The generated synthetic dataset contained 2,000 images and corresponding mask data. The accuracy of the Mask R-CNN model trained based on this dataset for the segmentation of seed shells and germs in real images was above 95 %, and the phenotypic values that inferred by model were highly consistent with them measured by manual operation (R2 > 0.98, P < 0.001), indicating that the phenotypes could be accurately obtained using the model. The cluster analysis of the salt tolerance index for each trait classified the 60 cotton materials into four levels; using the affiliation function method for a comprehensive evaluation of the salt tolerance of the cotton varieties. Kezimian 4 (0.95), MC-30 (0.88), and Lu8zao (0.81) had a larger D-value and indicated high salt tolerance. 【Conclusion】In this study, we have established a method for phenotyping cotton seed germination traits based on the convolutional neural network model that trained by using synthetic dataset. and using this method, we have identified the seed germination salt tolerance of 60 cotton germplasm in a non-destructive, rapid and accurate manner. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparative study on the effect of top sealing soil and side sealing soil in dry sowing and wet emergence cotton field MA Hui, LI Xingxing, XI Yuxian, Aimaierjiang Abulitifu, YANG Tao, TIAN Liwen, OU Huan, LUO Dan, Abuduaini Abuduweili Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (10): 2341-2350.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.001 Abstract （213）   HTML （32）    PDF （1706KB）（53）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To compare the effects of top sealing soil and side sealing soil under dry sowing and wet emergence conditions and to clarify the dry sowing and wet emergence soil sealing approaches which will be suitable for soil types and light and heat conditions in Aksu area. 【Methods】 A completely randomized experimental design was used to explore the effects of different soil sealing approaches on soil temperature and humidity, the seedling emergence rate, dry matter weight per plant of above-ground parts, plant height, main stem diameter, spatial distribution of soil total salt, yield and components under dry sowing and wet emergence conditions that were divided into top sealing soil and side sealing soil. Meanwhile, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on variation coefficient weight was used to evaluate the 11 characters of different ways of sealing soil. 【Results】 Compared with the side sealing soil, the soil daily average temperature of the top sealing soil in the seedling stage was 1.2℃ higher, the soil daily average humidity was maintained at 100%, the seedling emergence rate was 13.7% higher, and the dry matter weight per plant of above-ground parts, plant height and main stem diameter increased, the yield of seed cotton per 667 m2 was 15.4 kg higher, the bolls number per plant was 1.58 more, the boll weight was 0.1g lighter, and the lint percentage was not much different. However, there was no significant difference in yield and yield components; The soil desalination rates of the top sealing soil in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm of seed hole were 6.2% and 6.8% lower respectively than the side sealing soil. The soil total salt content of top sealing soil and side sealing soil in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm showed narrow row (under drip belt) < seed hole < wide row <intermembrane junction line, the soil total salt content after drip irrigation was less than that before drip irrigation at the same tillage layer depth, and the soil total salt content in 0-10 cm was less than that in 10-20 cm. There was a significant negative correlation between seedling emergence rate and soil total salt content in narrow row ( under drip belt ).Under the sowing mode of top sealing soil and side sealing soil, the regression curve equation between the seedling emergence rate and the soil total salt content X in narrow row ( under drip belt ) is Y=117.035 6X0.389 8,Y=282.631 4X-0.852 1 respectively. The comprehensive performance of top sealing soil was better than that of side sealing soil in soil temperature and humidity, the seedling emergence rate, desalination rate, main agronomic traits of cotton plants at seedling stage, yield and yield components 11 traits. 【Conclusion】 If the soil texture is clay in cotton field, under the condition of dry sowing and wet emergence, it is suitable to use top sealing soil. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of sowing dates and planting density on yield formation and quality of peanut LIU Yue, LIAN Shihao, LI Jiahao, WANG Hongyi, TIAN Wenqiang, NIE Lingfan, SUN Ganggang, JIA Yonghong, SHI Shubing, YU Yuehua, ZHANG Jinshan Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (2): 278-285.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.003 Abstract （210）   HTML （17）    PDF （1060KB）（36）       Knowledge map    【Objective】To clarify the appropriate sowing date and planting density of peanut production in northern Xinjiang.【Methods】Huayu 25 was used as the test variety. The experiment was designed with three sowing dates of May 3, May 10 and May 17, and four planting density levels of 13.0×104, 14.5×104, 16.0×104 and 17.5×104 holes/hm2, to analyze the effects of sowing date and planting density on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of peanut.【Results】With the push of the sowing date, the main stem height, the number of branches and the leaf area index all decreased at the same planting density. The accumulation of dry matter and yield increased first and then decreased, with the highest treatment on May 10. Peanut protein, fat and oleic acid levels were the highest on May 3. Planting density also had a significant effect on the agronomic traits of peanut during each reproductive period, too high and too low planting density were unfavorable to the accumulation of dry material and yield, low-density planting was more conducive to improving the quality of peanut seeds.【Conclusion】The sowing period and density interaction significantly affect the growth and development of peanut throughout the growth period. The suitable sowing time of peanuts in northern Xinjiang is between May 3 and May 10, and the planting density is from 14.5×104 to 16.0×104 holes/hm2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of straw returning and plastic film mulching on soil physical and chemical properties and spring maize yield in rain-fed upland farmland NIU Tingting, MA Mingsheng, ZHANG Jungao Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 1896-1906.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.009 Abstract （207）   HTML （12）    PDF （1676KB）（60）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 Study the effects of different straw returning methods and plastic film mulching on soil water and nutrient contents, yield and water use efficiency of spring maize (Zea mays L.) in arid areas in order to find out the effects of different straw returning methods on fertility and yield, and to seek a green and efficient way of straw utilization in the hope of providing scientific and technological support for high-quality agricultural development in arid areas of Northwest China. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Huining County, Gansu Province from 2019 to 2020, six treatments were set up, namely straw returning to the field without plastic film (CK), straw comminution returning to the field (SS), straw fermenting returning to the field (FS), straw returning to the field without plastic film mulching (Mk), straw comminution returning to the field + plastic film mulching (MS), and straw fermenting returning to the field + plastic film mulching (MFS), soil water content, water storage and water consumption, soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, crop water use efficiency, dry matter accumulation and yield were measured. 【Results】 Under the two treatments of plastic film mulching, the water storage and water use efficiency of plough layer increased by 7.33%-16.29% and 10.73%-19.25%, respectively, the water storage and water use efficiency of plough layer increased by 6.39% and 7.38% compared with that of straw comminution. Plastic film mulching could further increase soil water storage and water use efficiency by 10.62%-16.29% and 13.88%-18.87%, respectively, and increase soil nutrient content, the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 0.70%-8.03%, 1.63%-8.01%, 7.75%-13.86%, 9.19%-40.48% and 4.06%-10.62%, respectively. Compared with straw returning or film mulching, the dry matter quality and yield increased by 3.10%-15.35%, 11.02%-17.08%, 1.84%-12.81%, 8.94%-14.83%, respectively, the average was 12.04% and 10.08%. 【Conclusion】 Straw returning and plastic film mulching can improve soil water supply and fertilizer supply by regulating soil moisture and nutrients, and then promote the synchronous increase of crop dry matter accumulation and yield. The effect of MFS is better than that of MS, which was beneficial to the multiple objectives of drought resistance, fertilizer increase, efficiency increase and high yield of spring maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation of high quality development of tomato products export trade in Xinjiang LIU Jiahui, LI Hong, WANG Jingjing, CHANG Chiyin Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (10): 2593-2600.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.027 Abstract （203）   HTML （10）    PDF （861KB）（15）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To analyze the high-quality development level of tomato product export trade in Xinjiang and the factors affecting its high-quality development, in order to provide reference for promoting the high-quality development of tomato product export trade in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Based on the new development concept, taking the leading enterprises in tomato industrialization in Xinjiang as the research object, an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of tomato product export trade in Xinjiang was constructed from five dimensions: innovation, greenness, coordination, openness, and sharing. The AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to measure the level of high-quality development of tomato product export trade in Xinjiang, and the development advantages and influencing factors of Xinjiang tomato products in various dimensions were analyzed. 【Results】 (1) Overall, the comprehensive score for the high-quality development level of tomato product export trade in Xinjiang was 0.50 points, with an evaluation level of II, which was at a relatively good level of development. (2) At the dimension level, the comprehensive score of the open dimension level was 0.09 points, the comprehensive score of the shared dimension level was 0.06 points, and the evaluation level was at level II, at a relatively good level of development; The dimensions of innovation, greenness, and coordination were evaluated at level III, indicating it was at a poor development. The comprehensive scores were 0.14 points, 0.11 points, and 0.05 points. 【Conclusion】 The development level of tomato product export trade in Xinjiang has reached level II with good development,that is, the level of open development and shared development has reached level II, while the level of innovative development, green development, and coordinated development is at level III. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）