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Effect of Exogenous Silicon Drip Application on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Low Light Stress ZHANG Yongqiang, FANG Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, CHEN Xingwu, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (2): 336-343.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.010 Abstract （2963）   HTML （9）    PDF （1215KB）（46）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To explore the effect of exogenous silicon drip application on the growth and physiological characteristics of winter wheat under low light stress. 【Methods】 Pot experiment was conducted in southern Xinjiang from 2018 to 2019, and Xindong 60 was used as the experimental material. From jointing stage to mature stage, the winter wheat was shaded by black shading net at 25%. At the jointing stage of winter wheat, five exogenous silicon (Na2SiO3analysis pure) were applied at the drip rates of 7.5 kg/hm2 (Si1), 15 kg/hm2 (Si2), 22.5 kg/hm2 (Si3), 30 kg/hm2 (Si4) and 37.5 kg/hm2(Si5), respectively. 【Results】 The results showed that under low light stress, exogenous silicon drip application could increase the SPAD value of plant height, stem diameter, ear length and leaves of winter wheat The photosynthetic performance of leaves and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of flag leaves were improved. The number of fertile spikelets increased and the number of infertile spikelets decreased. The biomass per stem, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike increased significantly. Each index reached the best in Si3 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis shows that silicon can improve the growth of winter wheat plants under low light stress, improve photosynthesis, and increase the number of fertile spikelets, grains per spike and grain weight per spike. Under the experimental conditions, the best application of exogenous silicon is 22.5 kg/hm2, which can provide reference for production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Occurrence and Damage of Wheat Powdery Mildew in Desert Oasis Area and the Control Efficiency Evaluation of Fungicides CHEN Li, SHEN Yuyang, CUI Yanhua, ZHANG Hang, YANG Anpei, FAN Guiqiang, LEI Junjie, LI Guangkuo, GAO Haifeng Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2022, 59 (5): 1189-1195.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.018 Abstract （2785）   HTML （5）    PDF （863KB）（29）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The aim of this study is to clarify the occurrence and damage of wheat powdery mildew in different areas and screen the fungicides which have better control effectsin the hope of providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew in desert oasis ecological area. 【Method】 General investigation method was used to investigate the occurrence of powdery mildew in different ecological zones. The efficacy test was conducted by randomized blockdesign, and the occurrence of wheat powdery mildew was surveyed in each plot at fixed points. 【Result】 The occurrence and damage of wheat powdery mildew in Hotan, Kashgar and Aksu regions were higher, with disease index of (35.65±0.83),(35.63±1.04) and (30.82±0.91), respectively, significantly higher than that in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Tacheng region, with the disease index of (9.95±0.71) and (6.00± 0.46), respectively. 240 g/L mefentrifluconazole-pyraclostrobine EC and 19% picoxystrobin-propiconazole SC had the best control efficacy against wheat powdery mildew with 84.94% and 82.77%, respectively. The control efficiency of 23% kresoxim-methyl-epoxiconazole SC, 430 g/L tebuconazole SC, 42% metrafenone SC, 43%fluoxastrobin-tebuconazole SC, 48% difenoconazole-azoxystrobin SC, 75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole WG and 40% myclobutanil WP floated in the range of 64.57% to 71.12%. 【Conclusion】 The occurrence and damage of wheat powdery mildew in southern Xinjiang is significantly severer than that in northern areas, with the occurrence degree of 3 to 5. The occurrence of powdery milder in northern Xinjiang was mostly at degree 1 to 2. 240 g/L mefentrifluconazole-pyraclostrobine EC, 19% picoxystrobin-propiconazole SC, 23% kresoxim-methyl-epoxiconazole SC, 430 g/L tebuconazole SC, 42% metrafenone SC, 43% fluoxastrobin-tebuconazole SC, 48% difenoconazole-azoxystrobin SC, 75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole WG and 40% myclobutanil WP can effectively control wheat powdery mildew and are safe for wheat growth. They can be applied in rotation in wheat fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Variation of flour color (whiteness) of Xinjiang wheat varieties and its influencing factors LIU Na, Halidan Yikeremu, LIU Lianzheng, CAO Junmei, ZHOU Anding, ZHANG Xinzhong, Damailijiang Hezier Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (10): 2426-2432.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.011 Abstract （2581）   HTML （11）    PDF （685KB）（41）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 Variation of flour color (whiteness) of Xinjiang wheat varieties and its influencing factors,to improve the flour whiteness of Xinjiang wheat varieties and provide theoretical reference for breeding wheat varieties with excellent flour color in Xinjiang wheat breeding job in the future.【Methods】 In this study, Xinjiang wheat cultivars (lines) were used as materials to understand the distribution law of wheat flour whiteness in this region and then 37 winter wheat varieties (lines) of different quality types in Xinjiang were used as materials to preliminarily explore wheat related quality traits.【Results】 The average distribution range of flour whiteness of 71 Xinjiang wheat variety resources was large, and 13 wheat materials had whiteness values higher than 80; The water absorption rate, grain hardness of flour and whiteness were extremely significantly negatively correlated, and grain hardness, water absorption, starch content and elongation jointly determined 63.3% of flour whiteness variation.There was no significant correlation between grain protein content and flour whiteness, but a very significant positive correlation with flour a* value.【Conclusion】 There are few germplasms of medium and high whiteness in Xinjiang wheat cultivars (lines). Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the Performance of Quality-related Characters of Main Spring Wheat Planted in Xinjiang LI Jianfeng, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, ZHANG Hongzhi, WANG Lihong, ZHAO Qi Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2021, 58 (12): 2157-2168.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.12.001 Abstract （2498）   HTML （1）    PDF （1647KB）（189）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the performance and stability of quality-related characters of the major varieties of Xinjiang spring wheat in four different ecological regions. 【Methods】 In the four different ecological regions, eight major cultivars of Xinjiang spring wheat with different gluten strengths were taken as research object and based on the quality-related characters of the wheat, ten quality indexes, including grain protein content, were determined with the aid of PertenDA7200 near-infrared analyzer and with the method of AACC39-10 under different ecological conditions. 【Results】 Content of the grain protein14.28%, degree of gluten strength31.21g/100 g, dough stabilization time: 8.41min, water absorption58.53%, sedimentation value 31.27 mL, flour yield 74.40%, maximum tensile resistance Rm 716.25EU, extension E 165.70 mm, stretching area 119.33 cm 2, volume weight793.97 g/L. Among the ten quality characters, flour yield (%), water absorption (%) and volume weight (g/L) of the four varieties in strong gluten strength group were lower than those in middle gluten strength group. The average performance of the other seven quality characters, including content of the grain protein, degree of gluten strength, dough stabilization time, sedimentation value, maximum tensile resistance, extension and stretching area of the four varieties in strong gluten strength group were higher than those in middle gluten strength group. The character and stability of Xinchun No. 26 and Xinchun No. 44 in strong gluten strength group tested and that of Xinchun No. 6 and Xinchun No. 40 in middle gluten strength group tested all had good performance in four different ecological regions. According to the quality-related characters F test, three characters of content of the grain protein, degree of gluten strength and water absorption had the largest genotype effect in strong gluten strength group and the largest environmental effect in middle gluten strength group, and the other seven characters had the largest environmental effect both in strong gluten strength group and middle gluten strengthgroup. 【Conclusion】 Referring to the review and approval standards for national-level wheat variety, overall quality of the eight varieties tested is evaluated as moderately strong gluten strength level. Ten quality characters are all affected by genotype, environment and interaction; Genotype, environment, and interaction effects of different quality characters of different varieties tested with different gluten strength are different. Stability of the same quality character of different varieties tested is different, and that of different quality characters of the same variety tested is also different. Xinchun No. 6 and Xinchun No. 40 in middle gluten strength group have good performance in character and high stability, and they are the core parent material of spring wheat breeding; Xinchun No. 26 and Xinchun No. 44 in strong gluten strength group have good performance in character and high stability, which can be used for quality improvement in Xinjiang spring wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Regulation of chlormequat on lodging resistance of winter wheat stem during the period of drip application of CCC ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, Sailihan Sai, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (8): 1873-1878.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.007 Abstract （2485）   HTML （12）    PDF （698KB）（35）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To explore the regulation of chlormequat on lodging resistance of winter wheat stalks at different drip application periods, determine the best drip application period of chlormequat, and provide theoretical basis for drip irrigation wheat lodging resistance and its control measures in Xinjiang.【Methods】 In 2019-2020, the potted plant simulation field drip irrigation mode was adopted, and based on the previous research that the best chlormequat drip rate of 4,500 mL/hm2 was obtained, the greening period (S1), the rising period (S2), and the jointing period (S3) and the non-drip chlormequat control (S0), a total of 4 treatments with different chlormequat application periods were set to study the effects of different treatments on the drip irrigation wheat plant height, stem thickness, center of gravity height, the characteristics of the second internode at the base, and lodging resistance index and the impact of grain yield.【Results】 The results showed that the drop application of chlormequat during the rising stage had a more significant effect on the reduction of the height of the wheat plant height and the height of the center of gravity than the greening and jointing stages.3.38 mm, the maximum wall thickness was 0.543 mm, the maximum internode fullness was 25.57 mg/cm, the maximum bending resistance was 5.44 N, and the stalk lodging resistance index was the maximum 15.96 N/m.Compared with S0 treatment, chlormequat drip application increased the single-stem biomass of wheat, and the maximum single-stem biomass of wheat treated with S2 was 3.42 g/stem.The most fertile spikelets were treated with S1, the most sterile spikelets were S0, and the number of grains per spike was 38.50 grains at most in the S1 treatment.The grain weight per spike was 1.68 g in the S2 treatment, which was not significantly different from those of the S1 and S3 treatments.The difference between treatments reached a significant level (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis showed that dripping chlormequat during the greening stage, rising stage and jointing stage can reduce the plant height of drip-irrigated wheat and improve its lodging resistance, but the dripping application at the rising stage has the best effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Studies on Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor, Erythropoietin Gene and Its Receptor in Ovine Tissues LEI Yan, LAN Bin, YU Wanli, DAI Xiaohua, CAI Peng, GU Weifang, Adilai Ali, ZHAO Hongqiong Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (2): 485-492.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.028 Abstract （2484）   HTML （7）    PDF （1292KB）（35）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and its downstream target gene erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EPOR) in ovine tissues under normal physiological conditions.The results have provided a histological basis for the study of targeted regulation or alleviation of ovine hypoxia stress. 【Methods】 The relative expression of HIF, EPO and EPOR genes in 14 tissues of 4 Xinjiang fine wool sheep were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. 【Results】 HIF-1α and HIF-2α the relative expression of genes in ovine lung tissues were the highest and significantly higher than those in other tissues (P< 0.01); HIF-2α in lung the gene expression was about HIF-1α 5.2 times.The relative expression of EPO gene in ovine kidney was the highest and significantly higher than that in pituitary, colon, spleen, cecum, liver, adrenal gland, rumen, hypothalamus and heart (P< 0.05).The expression of EPOR gene in lung was the highest, and the relative expression of lung and testis was significantly higher than that in spleen, hypothalamus, kidney and heart (P< 0.05). 【Conclusion】 HIF-1α, HIF-2α and EPO and its receptor genes are highly expressed in the lung or kidney of sheep, suggesting that these two may be important organs for ovine hypoxia stress perception and regulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different ecological conditions on dry matter accumulation and yield of spring wheat varieties DONG Yanxue, JIA Yonghong, ZHANG Jinshan, LI Dandan, WANG Kai, LUO Siwei, WANG Runqi, SHI Shubing Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (8): 1848-1857.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.004 Abstract （2411）   HTML （19）    PDF （1232KB）（42）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of different ecological conditions in northern Xinjiang on dry matter accumulation and yield formation of spring wheat, and provide a reference for formulating breeding goals and achieving high yield and high quality of spring wheat.【Methods】 A two-factor experimental design was adopted, 5 varieties: Xinchun 44, Xinchun 37, Xinchun 48, Xinchun 26 and Ningchun 16 were planted in three ecological conditions of Qitai area, Mulei area and Tacheng area, to study the effects of different ecological conditions on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield components and yield of spring wheat.【Results】 The leaf area index, dry matter accumulation in vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, grain filling capacity and yield of spring wheat were the largest in Qitai.The dry matter accumulation in vegetative growth stage, reproductive growth stage, grain filling sink capacity and yield of spring wheat varieties in Qitai were 26.73%, 32.20%, 11.66% and 45.87% higher than those in Mulei, 21.33%, 17.29%, 1.17% and 17.58% higher than those in Tacheng.The grouting rate was the smallest at Qitai, the second in Techeng, and the largest in Mulei.Under the ecological conditions of Qitai, the yield of Xinchun37 was 0.92%~8.25% higher than those of other varieties.Under Mulei ecological conditions, the yield of Xinchun37 was 6.14%~19.52% higher than those of other varieties.Under Tacheng ecological conditions, the yield of Xinchun44 increased by 4.12%~19.64% compared with other varieties.【Conclusion】 Variety characteristics and yield, spring wheat is the most suitable to be planted in Qitai ecological area, namely, Xinchun 37 should be planted in Qitai and Mulei ecological areas, and Xinchun 44 is appropriate to be planted in Tacheng ecological areas. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation CHEN Chuanxin, ZHNAG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, KONG Depeng, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (9): 2146-2151.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.008 Abstract （2396）   HTML （11）    PDF （861KB）（48）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 In order to study the effect of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Under drip irrigation conditions, a single factor randomized block experimental design was used to set up three levels of biochar application, namely 0 t/hm2 (CK), 20 t/hm2 (T1), and 40 t/hm2 (T2), to study the differences in growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation under different treatments. 【Results】 The application of biochar improved the leaf area index of winter wheat, and the leaf area index of T2 and T1 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK and increased the chlorophyll activity of winter wheat leaves. The SPAD values of chlorophyll in T2 treatment increased by 0.55%, 0.31%, 0.90%, 2.28%, and 1.41%, 1.18%, 2.95%, and 3.67%, respectively, compared to T1 and CK treatment at the jointing, heading, flowering, and filling stages. In addition, the application of biochar significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat and promoted the formation of winter wheat yield, with T2 treatment performing the best at 8,244.40 kg/hm2. T2 treatment increased yield by 5.25% and 12.58% compared to T1 and CK treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, it can be found that the application of biochar is beneficial for the growth and yield of wheat. Under the T2 treatment of 40 t/hm2 of biochar application, winter wheat yield performs well, which provides reference for field production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Morphological and ISSR Analysis of Purple Sweet Potato Resources WU Qiaoyu, HE Tianjiu Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2022, 59 (7): 1625-1631.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.07.008 Abstract （2248）   HTML （32）    PDF （697KB）（57）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To analyze the genetic diversity of purple sweet potato varieties collected from China, clarify their genetic differences in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the selection of purple sweet potato genetic breeding parents. 【Methods】 Morphological characters and ISSR fluorescent labeling capillary electrophoresis were carried out to analyze the genetic diversity of varieties of 10 purple sweet potatoes imported from other provinces. 【Results】 The results showed that, based on the cluster map of 20 morphological traits, the tested materials could be divided into two major groups at the Euclidean distance of 9.97. The first major category included Ningzi-1, Shandongzi, Yuzi-2, Xuzi-8, Yuenanzi; the second major category consisted of E-12, Ningzi-4, Yuzi-3, Yuzi-11, Nanzi-018. 6 pairs of primers were used in ISSR molecular marker analysis, the results showed that, the observed alleles (Na) of the purple sweet potato germplasm resources were 2, the average effective allele number (Ne) was 1.9190, and the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.2375 and Shannon's index (I) was 0.4333. Cluster analysis performed with NTSYSpc 2.1 software demonstrated that when the genetic distance was 0.96, the 10 tested purple sweet potato materials could be divided into two categories. 【Conclusion】 The clustering results of SSR markers and morphological markers of several tested materials were consistent in genetic background and group classification, but the cluster analysis results of the two identification and classification methods also had certain differences. The purple sweet potato resources presented very rich genetic diversity. The combination of morphology and ISSR markers could effectively improve the identification of specific varieties and determine the genetic relationship of germplasm resources objectively and accurately. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of dry matter production, transport and nitrogen fertilizer utilization caused by yield Gap at different yield levels of winter wheat WANG Lihong, ZHANG Hongzhi, ZHANG Yueqiang, LI Jianfeng, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, WANG Chunsheng, XIA Jianqiang, FAN Zheru Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (9): 2152-2162.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.009 Abstract （2219）   HTML （6）    PDF （1072KB）（42）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To reveal the differences in the accumulation, transport and utilization of dry matter and nitrogen in winter wheat at different yield levels, and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the yield difference and high-yielding cultivation of winter wheat in Xinjiang.【Methods】 The experiment was carried out in military households in Changji from 2018 to 2020 with Xindong 41 as the test material, and referring to the production practice in Xinjiang, different fertilization and cultivation management measures were used to simulate high yield I (SH: ≥9,000 kg/hm2), high-yield Ⅱ (HH: 7,500 kg/hm2~9,000 kg/hm2), farmers (FP: 6,000 kg/hm2~7,500 kg/hm2), basic (CK: ≤4,500 kg/hm2) four yield levels.Meanwhile, differences in nitrogen accumulation and transport, and nitrogen absorption and utilization were studied.【Results】 The results showed that the two-year average yield difference of SH, HH, FP and CK was 6,863.27 kg/hm2, 5,496.76 kg/hm2, 3,735.73kg/hm2.The number of harvested panicles and grains per panicle were as follows: SH>HH>FP>CK, and the 1000-grain weight was as follows: HH>SH>FP>CK.The difference of dry matter accumulation in flowering stage of SH, HH, FP and CK is 11,221.65 kg/hm2, 8,220.05 kg/hm2, 5,527.81 kg/hm2, and the difference in dry matter accumulation in mature stage was 16,026.10 kg/hm2, 11,918.25 kg/hm2, 7,645.80 kg/hm2, with the increase of the yield gap, the dry matter accumulation, pre-flowering dry matter transport, post-flowering dry matter accumulation and contribution to grains increased, and pre-flowering dry matter transport and contribution to grains increased; nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs and pre-flowering nitrogen transport in flowering and mature stages increased with the increase of yield level.Efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were lower; correlation analysis showed that grain yield was significantly positively correlated with pre-flowering dry matter transport, post-flowering dry matter accumulation, pre-flowering nitrogen transport, nitrogen demand and nitrogen absorption efficiency was significantly positively correlated with nitrogen partial productivity.【Conclusion】 To reduce the yield difference, cultivation and management measures such as fertilization should be adopted, especially the drip irrigation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the late growth stage with water to increase the accumulation and transport rate of dry matter and nitrogen before flowering, the accumulation of dry matter after flowering, and increase nitrogen.In the technology of suitable harvesting panicle number, synergistically increases the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of character variation and heterosis of F1 generation of different crosses in wheat FENG Mei, LIU Chaoqin, CHEN Jie, LIU Wenlong, YANG Zhigang, TIAN Jieying, HUANG Xin Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (8): 1858-1865.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.005 Abstract （2211）   HTML （7）    PDF （703KB）（45）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To explore the rules of genetic variation and heterosis of F1 characters in wheat hybrids.【Methods】 The cross combination with Han 5316 was taken as female parent and six different wheat varieties as male parent and their female parent were used as materials in this study, variance analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze 7 phenotypic traits.【Results】 ①The average coefficient of variation of 7 traits ranged from 4.00%-17.71%, indicating that there were abundant genetic diversity in F1 hybrid progeny of wheat hybrids.②The heritability of F1 generation in wheat was different.The heritability of spike length, grains per spike, spike grain weight and 1000-grain weight was the highest, which was more than 100%; ③ The percentage of heterosis was -32.95%-99.13%, and the heterosis of different combinations was different; ④ The 7 characters all affected each other, and the spike grain weight, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight had a greater influence.【Conclusion】 Two excellent hybrid combinations 18-4 and 18-5 were selected by principal component analysis, and their progenies were characterized by long spike, more grains per spike and larger grains per spike. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of chasing rate during peak nutrient uptake of transport under n Reduction on spring wheat LI Huaisheng, AI Hongyu, MENG Ling, WANG Heya, ZHANG Lei, AI Haifeng Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (8): 1866-1872.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.006 Abstract （2196）   HTML （10）    PDF （703KB）（36）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To provide a basis for reasonable nitrogen reduction in high-yield and high-quality cultivation of spring wheat under drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang and to determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer from nodulation to flowering.【Methods】 Xinchun 43 was taken as the test material, on the basis of investigating the nitrogen application amount of 390 kg / hm2 in 213 agricultural households, three nitrogen application levels (312, 270 and 234 kg / hm2) and the operation research ratio from nodulation to flowering (7∶3, 5∶5 and 6∶4) were set according to the nitrogen reduction of 20%, 30% and 40%, to study the effect of the transport ratios from nodulation to flowering on drip irrigated spring wheat.【Results】 Under the condition of N1, the yield of R3 was the highest, which was increased by 7.4% and 3.7% compared with those of R1 and R2.The dry matter accumulation increased by 13.9%, 17.5%, 26.2% and 10.3% compared with that of R1, and 7.7%, 3.6%, 10.6% and 2.6% compared with R2 in each period, respectively; There was no significant difference in assimilation transport before and after anthesis, and the leaf area index was R3 > R2 > R1.Under N2 condition, the yield was consistent with that under N1 condition.The dry matter accumulation was R2 > R1 > R3 in each period.The assimilation transport before and after flowering showed a trend of "increasing first and then decreasing", which reached the maximum in R2, 2,614.35 and 6,284.79 kg / hm2 respectively.The leaf area index was R3 > R2 > R1.Under the condition of N3, the yield of R2 was significantly higher than those of R1 and R3, with an increase of 25.4% and 32.0%, respectively.The dry matter accumulation increased by 4.8%, 10.8%, 8.5% and 23.2% compared with that of R1.The assimilates content before and after anthesis of R3 was maximum at 2,242.32 kg/hm2, which increased by 50.6% and 36.8% compared with R1 and R2, respectively, and the leaf area index showed R2>R1>R3.【Conclusion】 The pure nitrogen 234 kg/hm2 and the N fertilizer transportation ratio of 6:4 from nodulation to flowering are more suitable for spring wheat production under the conditions of this experiment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Responses of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield to drought stress in winter wheat at jointing stage WANG Xiaoyu, WANG Xiaoping, SHI Wenyu, LIU Meiyan, MA Jian, GUO Yunpeng, SONG Ruixin, WANG Qingtao Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (9): 2163-2172.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.010 Abstract （2139）   HTML （3）    PDF （1479KB）（56）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield to drought stress in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for spring irrigation schedule of winter wheat.【Methods】 A pot culture experiment was conducted with four soil moisture gradients containing full irrigation (CK), mild drought(T1), moderate drought(T2) and severe drought(T3) in winter wheat at jointing stage in the study.【Results】 The results showed that highest leaf water use efficiency of winter wheat at jointing stage was observed in T2.The trend of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing of drought stress.The rank of the effect of drought stress on fluorescence parameters including Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Fm/Fo was that: T1 > CK > T2 > T3.Compared with CK, dry matter accumulation of underground increased by 11.8% and 3.0% in T1 and T2, however, which decreased by 4.0% in T3.The proportion of underground dry matter in T1, T2 and T3 treatment increased by 4.0%, 6.0% and 11.0%, respectively.With respect to the performance of irrigation water use efficiency, it was the highest in T1 and the grain yield increased slightly.In terms of grain yield, it was significantly lower than CK by 14.8% and 42.4% (P<0.05)both in T2 and T3, in turn, which increased somewhat in T1.According to the results of Pearson correlation analysis, leaf water use efficiency was significantly (P< 0.05) positively correlated with total dry matter accumulation, grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency, furthermore, a significant(P< 0.01) positive correlation was detected between leaf water use efficiency and dry matter accumulation of aboveground, but a significant(P< 0.01) negative correlation was found between leaf water use efficiency and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.【Conclusion】 Under the mild drought treatment, the jointing winter wheat is adapted to the drought environment by regulating photosynthesis and increasing the underground accumulation of some dry matter and its proportion, thus improving the grain yield and irrigation water utilization efficiency.However, with the aggravation of drought stress, the photosynthetic rate of winter wheat decrease obviously, which lead to reducing dry matter accumulation and ultimately lead to the reduction of winter wheat yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Differences of Grain Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Different Wheat Varieties in Southern Xinjiang ZHANG Hongzhi, GAO Yonghong, WANG Lihong, KONG Depeng, ZHANG Yueqiang, LI Jianfeng, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, ZHAO Qi, FAN Zheru Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2022, 59 (8): 1847-1854.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.004 Abstract （2123）   HTML （24）    PDF （10549KB）（85）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the difference of yield, N uptake and utilization efficiency and response to N fertilizer among different winter wheat varieties in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing reference for N efficient breeding, selection of N efficient varieties and optimum application of N fertilizer.【Method】12 varieties（strain） were planted in Southern Xinjiang with 3 N application rates, the yield, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）, nitrogen uptake efficiency（UPE） and nitrogen utilization efficiency（UTE） of different wheat varieties under different nitrogen fertilizer levels were studied.【Result】With the increase of nitrogen application amount, the number of panicle and grain per panicle of different cultivars increased, the 1000-grain weight decreased, and the nitrogen accumulation and yield increased. The NUE, UPE and UTE decreased with the increase of N application. Cluster analysis was carried out on the N use efficiency of various varieties at different N levels. The varieties with higher NUE were Xindong 40, Xindong 60, 15/6317. Different nitrogen efficient varieties had different approaches to achieve high NUE. Under the condition of no nitrogen application（N0）, Xindong 40, Xindong 60 and 15/6317 had high NUE, which was mainly due to the joint effects of UPE and UTE. The high nitrogen absorption efficiency of new winter 60 and 40 under nitrogen application was due to their higher UPE, while 15 / 6317 high nitrogen utilization rate was the common effect of nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency.【Conclusion】Different varieties have different approaches to achieve high nitrogen efficiency, so it is necessary to regulate and control the nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of different wheat varieties, improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of wheat, maximize the exploitation and utilization of their high yield and high efficiency potential, thus achieving the increase in yield and efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression between Giza 75 and SG 747 Using Cotton Oligonucleotide Microarrays during Fiber Development SONG Jikun, XIN Yue, LI Longyun, LIU Guoyuan, PEI Wenfeng, MA Jianjiang, QU Yanying, YU Jiwen, WU Man Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2022, 59 (6): 1312-1330.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.06.002 Abstract （2092）   HTML （31）    PDF （1081KB）（55）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 High-throughput gene chip analysis is performed using upland cotton with wide adaptability and high yield and sea island cotton with excellent fiber quality, aiming to screen and identify key genes involved in cotton fiber development. 【Methods】 The upland cotton SG747 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Egyptian cotton Giza75 (G. barbadense L.) were used as experimental materials. The Affymetrix Cotton Gene Chip was then used to perform a transcriptome analysis in developing fibers (10 Days after anthesis, DPA). 【Results】 The 3,905 transcripts obtained showed 2-fold or higher levels of expression changes between the two materials. Clustering analysis of these DE genes by Clusters of Orthologous Groups database was performed, which revealed that many genes were related to general function prediction (17.80%), translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis (16.82%), posttranslational modification (14.32%). According to qRT-PCR analysis, it was speculated that Gra.2198.1.A1_at positively regulated cotton fiber development and Gra.85.1.S1_at, Ghi.249.1.A1_at, Ghi.8448.1.S1_x_at negatively regulated cotton fiber development, and the above genes might be involved in the development of cotton fiber. 【Conclusion】 We screened and identified four key candidate genes related to fiber development by using upland cotton and sea island cotton gene chips combined with qRT-PCR. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influence of sowing dates on cotton seedling aphid population dynamics and cotton yield in the yellow river basin LI Yaofa, AN Jingjie, DOU Ya'nan, SUN Xiaonuo, ZHANG Qian, LIU Chunhong, DANG Zhihong, GAO Zhanlin Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (10): 2496-2500.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.019 Abstract （2061）   HTML （2）    PDF （673KB）（38）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The population of cotton aphid migrating from overwintering host to cotton field and the environmental conditions in the Yellow River Basin are important factors for the damage caused by this aphid. The paper aims to clarify the effect of sowing date on the aphid population dynamics and cotton yield.【Methods】 Effects of the sowing date April 16, April 26 and May 6 on the aphid population dynamics and cotton yield parameters were studied in cotton field of southern Hebei Province. 【Results】 The results showed that the cotton emergence rate increased with the delay of sowing period, and the cotton emergence rates on April 26 and May 6 were significantly higher than that on April 16. There was an obvious peak of cotton aphids in spring occurrence and a rapid decrease of aphid quantity in the treatments of April 16 and April 26, while there was no obvious peak of Aphids in spring in the treatments of May 6. In terms of yield, cotton yield increased significantly from 3.94 kg (April 16) to 5.46 kg (May 6) with the delay of sowing period. 【Conclusion】 Postponing the sowing dates of cotton can play the role of protecting seedling, reducing early aphid damage and ensuring yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Cloning and Sequence Analysis of cDNA of C3d Gene of Bactrian Camel from Xinjiang Nasibai Abuduwahapu, GAO Xiaojuan, Kunduziayi Abudushalamu, LI Jiangwei Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (2): 493-500.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.029 Abstract （2051）   HTML （7）    PDF （1557KB）（31）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The C3d gene of camel complement was cloned and its sequence characteristics were analyzed to provide a basis for the study of its adjuvant effect. 【Methods】 Total RNA was extracted from camel liver using Trizol reagent, and cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription.C3d pecific primers were designed to amplify the C3d sequence by PCR technology, and the vector pMD18-T was constructed.The recombinant plasmid was transferred into competent strain and identified by double enzyme digestion.Clustw, DNA Star and Swiss-model software were used to compare the homology of the constructed recombinant C3d gene sequences, establish the phylogenetic tree, and predict and analyze its secondary and tertiary structures. 【Results】 Specific primers were designed and the 909 bp camel complement C3d gene was obtained by PCR amplification.T vector was constructed and transferred into Escherichia coli and a positive clone was obtained.Clustw was used to compare the DNA sequencing results with the sequences of bovine, pig, rabbit and human.The results showed that the cloned Bactrian camel C3d sequence had more than 97% homology with the C3d gene of Camelidae, and the homology with the C3d gene of bovine, pig, rabbit and human was gradually remote (88%, 88%, 83% and 83%, respectively).The sequence of C3d protein was analyzed by Swiss-model software, and the secondary structure of C3d protein was mainly composed of α-helix and β-fold, and it had good immunogenicity and protein-binding activity. 【Conclusion】 The C3d gene of camel complement was cloned.Sequence analysis showed that the C3d gene was relatively conserved in evolution, which provided the experimental basis and technical reference for the adjuvant effect of the gene and the subsequent research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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LC/MS-Based Metabolomics Approach for Exploring Plasma Metabolome Modififications before and after 3,600 m Speed Race in Yili horse ZHANG Shiqi, LI Xiaobin, ZHANG Wenjie, HAN Ming, WANG Shichang, ZHENG Wenxiang, OUYANG Wen, QI Juzhong, YANG Kailun Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (2): 501-510.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.030 Abstract （2049）   HTML （8）    PDF （1300KB）（39）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the difference and change of plasma metabolites before and after 3,600 m speed race in Yili horses. 【Method】 According to the genetic pedigree provided by the equestrian club, 5(3♂2♀) unrelated, weight (384.40±34.18)kg, and age 2 speed raced-horses were selected.The horses were trained daily with equal intensity. On the 25 th day of the experimental stage, the 3,600 m speed race was performed 4 h after morning feeding. The horse completed the race at (11.75±0.87) m/s at average speed. The rate of heartbeat and the breathing were measured immediately before and after the race. At the same time, blood was collected, plasma samples were prepared, plasma mass spectrometry was collected, and metabolites were determined by non-target metabolomics method. 【Results】 Compared with the pre-competition heart rate (39.80±0.40) bpm and respiratory rate (14.00±1.80) bpm, the horse heart rate (80.80±7.70) bpm and respiratory rate (78.80±3.90) bpm were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with Yili horses plasma at pre-race, the citric acid cycle, metabolism of alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, transformation between pentaccharide and glucuronic acid, metabolism of cystine and methionine, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid degradation and sheath lipid metabolism showed significant changes. On the basis of the LC/MS analysis of plasma metabolomics of Yili horse before and after the 3,600 m speed race, LC/MS metabolic profiles of plasma samples of Yili horse 3,600 m before and after the race were different. The differential metabolites involved in citric acid cycle, glycolysis system, fat metabolism, amino acid metabolism. 【Conclusion】 During the 3,600 m speed race, the Yili horse body presents anaerobic, aerobic and mixed oxygen metabolism characteristics show anaerobic, aerobic and mixed oxygen metabolism. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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EMS mutants of wheat hengguan 35 and identification of the mutants resistant to fusarium crown rot QIN Pengliang, ZHOU Xiao, Kahsay Tadesse Mawcha, WANG Shuang, LI Jiaqi, LIU Ying, ZHANG Na, YANG Wenxiang Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (9): 2231-2238.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.018 Abstract （2002）   HTML （4）    PDF （1079KB）（58）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 Study EMS mutants of wheat hengguan 35 and identification of the mutants resistant to fusarium crown rot.【Methods】 In this study, different concentrations of ethyl methanesul fonate (EMS) were employed on wheat seeds of cultivar Hengguan 35.The untreated Hengguan 35 was used as the susceptible control, and Shiyou 17 was used as the moderately resistant control.Through artificial inoculation of Fusarium pseudograminearum, the resistance of the mutagenized material was identified, and the M3 generation material resistant to FCR was obtained by adding generation in the greenhouse.【Results】 The EMS concentration suitable for Hengguan 35 mutation was finally determined to be 0.4%, and seven mutants showing immunity at the plant stage were obtained from 106 M3 Hengguan 35 materials.The overall disease index of the mutant materials at seedling and adult stages was 34.93% and 34.62% lower than those of the susceptible control, respectively.【Conclusion】 After EMS mutation of wheat Hengguan 35, an appropriate mutation concentration of 0.4% was determined. A total of 7 immune resistant wheat FCR were screened from the M3 generation of the tested mutant varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Different Concentrations of Chemical Topping Agents on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Cotton TANG Jiyuan, CHEN Minzhi, YAN Jiangwei, WANG Yunxuan, ZUO Wenqing, TIAN Jingshan, ZHANG Wangfeng Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2022, 59 (7): 1561-1572.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.07.001 Abstract （1967）   HTML （79）    PDF （1751KB）（112）       Knowledge map    【Objective】 To study the effects of DPC+with different concentrations of chemical topping agent on different varieties of cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the application of cotton chemical topping technology in Xinjiang.【Method】 Three cultivars were used in this experimental, which were Xinluzao 61, Xinluzao 67, Xinluzao 72. And three concentration gradients of chemical topping agents were set, among which the low concentration was 90 g/hm2+60 ml/hm2 (dactyl amine + additive); Medium concentration: 180 g/hm2+120 ml/hm2; High concentration: 270 g/hm2+180 ml/hm2, with no topping and manual topping as control to study the agronomic traits, yield and fiber quality of cotton.【Results】 Compared with no topping, chemical topping effectively controlled the agronomic traits of cotton plants. Under high concentration (270 g/hm2+180 ml/hm2), the plant height increased by 3.0~8.7cm, the number of fruit branches increased by 0.8~1.93, the plant width decreased by 1.4%~3.4%, and the number of internodes of main stem increased by 0.7~1.2 compared with the manual topping. For yield factor and fiber quality, there was no significant difference between each concentration treatment and manual topping treatment. 【Conclusion】 The use of high concentration DPC+ has better topping effect. The use of chemical topping with DPC+ can effectively replace manual topping, and the yield and quality are not reduced. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）