种植密度和施氮量对等行距机采棉根系形态指标及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 302-309.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.005

• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

种植密度和施氮量对等行距机采棉根系形态指标及产量的影响

徐高羽¹(), 林涛²^,³(), 邵亚杰¹, 张昊¹, 汤秋香¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091
3.农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-02-10 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-03-22
通信作者: 林涛,汤秋香
作者简介:徐高羽(1994-),男,四川雅安人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail) 851536434@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发项目(2020YFD1001005);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育项目(xjnky-2020003);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项-农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202001);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才人才培养项目和新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4)

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on Dry Matter Accumulation, Root Growth and Yield of Cotton with Equal Row Spacing

XU Gaoyu¹(), LIN Tao²^,³(), SHAO Yajie¹, ZHANG Hao¹, TANG Qiuxiang¹()

1. Research Center of Cotton Engineering, MOARA / College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Institute of Economical Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
3. Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region,MOARA,Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2021-02-10 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-03-22
Correspondence author: LIN Tao, TANG Qiuxiang
Supported by:
National Key R & D Program of China(2020YFD1001005);Technology innovation cultivate project of Xinjiang academy of agricultural science(xjnky-2020003);Agricultural S & T innovation platform ability construction project of Xinjiang academy of agricultural science / key laboratory of crop physiology, ecology and farming in desert oasis open project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(25107020-202001);Talent cultivation project tianshan mountain of Xinjiang(2020A01002-4)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究不同种植密度和氮肥施用量对76 cm等行距机采棉根系形态指标及产量的影响。【方法】 采用裂区设计,分别为主区密度(M₁:22.5×10⁴ 株/hm² 、M₂:18×10⁴ 株/hm²、M₃:13.5×10⁴ 株/hm²)和副区氮肥(N₁:0 kg/hm² 、N₂:300 kg/hm² 、N₃:600 kg/hm²),分析不同种植密度和施氮量对机采棉根系各形态指标、产量及构成因素的影响。【结果】 施氮量为N₂(300 kg/hm²)可使籽棉产量显著增加10.6%~14.5%。但施氮量过高(600 kg/hm²)时,干物质积累量会有所下降。适当提高种植密度和施氮量对棉花根重密度、根长密度、根表面积密度、根体积和根系平均直径等指标均有促进作用。最高处理M₁N₂(22.5×10⁴ 株/hm²,300 kg/hm²)在根系质量和根体积分别比最低处理M₃N₃(13.5×10⁴ 株/hm²,600 kg/hm²)高34.3%、50.1%,在根系平均直径和平均根表面积分别比最低处理M₃N₂(13.5×10⁴ 株/hm²,300 kg/hm²)分别高36.1%、56.2%.根长密度在处理M₁N₃(22.5×10⁴ 株/hm²,600 kg/hm²)下最大,比最低处理高M₃N₂ 20.8%。最佳高产组合为M₂N₂(18×10⁴ 株/hm²,300 kg/hm²),较最低组合M₂N₃(18×10⁴ 株/hm²,600 kg/hm²)高18.5%。【结论】 种植密度为18×10⁴ 株/hm²,施氮量(纯氮)为600 kg/hm²,能促进新疆南疆地区76 cm等行距机采棉种植模式产量提升和形成良好的根系构型。

关键词: 机采棉; 等行距; 种植密度; 施氮量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application amounts on the morphological index and yield of 76 cm equal-spaced cotton roots. 【Method】 The split-zone design was adopted, which was divided into the main zone density (M₁: 225,000 plants/hm², M₂: 180,000 plants/hm², M₃: 135,000 plants/hm²) and the sub-zone nitrogen fertilizer (N₁: 0 kg/hm², N₂: 300 kg/hm², N₃: 600 kg/hm²). 【Result】 The results showed that the yield of seed cotton increased significantly by 10.6%-14.5% with nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm².However, when the nitrogen application rate was too high (600 kg/hm²), the dry matter accumulation would decrease.Appropriate increase of planting densities and nitrogen application rates could promote cotton root weight density, root length density, root surface area density, root volume and average root diameter.The root mass and root volume of the highest treatment M₁N₂ (225,000 plants/hm²,300 kg/hm²) were 34.3% and 50.1% higher than those of the lowest treatment M₃N₃ (135,000 plants/hm²,600 kg/hm²), respectively, and the average root diameter and average root surface area were 36.1% and 56.2% higher than those of the lowest treatment M₃N₃ (135,000 plants/hm²· 300kg/hm²), respectively.The root length density was the highest under M₁N₃ (225,000 plants/hm², 600 kg/hm²), which was 20.8% higher than that under the lowest treatment.The final best combination with high yield was M₂M₂ (180,000 plants/hm²,300 kg/hm²), which was 18.5% higher than that of the lowest combination M₂N₃ (180,000 plants/hm²,600 kg/hm²). 【Conclusion】 It can be seen that the planting density of 180,000 plants/hm² and the nitrogen application rate (pure nitrogen) of 600 kg/hm² can promote the yield improvement and root formation in the machine-picked cotton planting mode with an equal row spacing of 76 cm in southern Xinjiang.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; equal row spacing; planting density; nitrogen application rate

中图分类号:

S562

徐高羽, 林涛, 邵亚杰, 张昊, 汤秋香. 种植密度和施氮量对等行距机采棉根系形态指标及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(2): 302-309.

XU Gaoyu, LIN Tao, SHAO Yajie, ZHANG Hao, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on Dry Matter Accumulation, Root Growth and Yield of Cotton with Equal Row Spacing[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(2): 302-309.

图/表 8

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施肥日期 Date of fertilization		6月22日	6月29日	7月6日	7月13日	7月9日	7月27日	8月3日	8月10日	8月17日	8月24日	8月31日
施肥量 Irrigation amount (kg)	N₁	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	N₂	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27
	N₃	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56

施肥日期 Date of fertilization		6月22日	6月29日	7月6日	7月13日	7月9日	7月27日	8月3日	8月10日	8月17日	8月24日	8月31日
施肥量 Irrigation amount (kg)	N₁	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	N₂	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27
	N₃	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.56

种植密度 Planting density (株/hm²)	施肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg/hm²)	单株成铃 Boll number per plant	单铃质量 Single boll weight(g)	籽棉产量 Cotton seed yield (10⁴kg/hm²)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	皮棉产量 Cotton lint yield (10⁴kg/hm²)
M₁	N₁	6.4^c	5.6^bc	5 591.2^cde	44.4c	2 660.6^ab
	N₂	6.4^c	5.4^cde	5 518.3^cdef	44.6^bc	2 459.1^cd
	N₃	6.8^c	5.6^bc	6 178.4^a	45.3^ab	2 755.6^a
M₂	N₁	7.5^bc	5.2^e	5 365.7^def	45.6^a	2 448.2^cd
	N₂	8.1^abc	5.6^bc	6 029.4^ab	45.4^a	2 742.8^ab
	N₃	7.3^bc	6.0^a	5 150.5^f	45.7^a	2 358.5^d
M₃	N₁	10.2^a	5.5^bcd	5 727.3^bcd	45.2^ab	2 588.7^bc
	N₂	9.8^ab	5.3^de	5 890.8^abc	45.5^a	2 681.5^ab
	N₃	9.8^ab	5.4^de	5 227.5^ef	46.0^a	2 406.7^d
两因素分析(F值)Two-way ANOVA(F value)
种植密度Planting density(M)		13.803 6^**	10.478 8^**	2.452 5^*	8.766^**	2.986 5^ns
施肥量Fertilizer rate (N)		0.020 1^ns	8.505 9^**	3.996 2^*	4.324 8^*	3.641 4^**
种植密度×施肥量(M×N)		0.225 1^ns	12.767 8^***	10.145 6^***	0.590 1^ns	11.949 5^***

种植密度 Planting density (株/hm²)	施肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg/hm²)	单株成铃 Boll number per plant	单铃质量 Single boll weight(g)	籽棉产量 Cotton seed yield (10⁴kg/hm²)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	皮棉产量 Cotton lint yield (10⁴kg/hm²)
M₁	N₁	6.4^c	5.6^bc	5 591.2^cde	44.4c	2 660.6^ab
	N₂	6.4^c	5.4^cde	5 518.3^cdef	44.6^bc	2 459.1^cd
	N₃	6.8^c	5.6^bc	6 178.4^a	45.3^ab	2 755.6^a
M₂	N₁	7.5^bc	5.2^e	5 365.7^def	45.6^a	2 448.2^cd
	N₂	8.1^abc	5.6^bc	6 029.4^ab	45.4^a	2 742.8^ab
	N₃	7.3^bc	6.0^a	5 150.5^f	45.7^a	2 358.5^d
M₃	N₁	10.2^a	5.5^bcd	5 727.3^bcd	45.2^ab	2 588.7^bc
	N₂	9.8^ab	5.3^de	5 890.8^abc	45.5^a	2 681.5^ab
	N₃	9.8^ab	5.4^de	5 227.5^ef	46.0^a	2 406.7^d
两因素分析(F值)Two-way ANOVA(F value)
种植密度Planting density(M)		13.803 6^**	10.478 8^**	2.452 5^*	8.766^**	2.986 5^ns
施肥量Fertilizer rate (N)		0.020 1^ns	8.505 9^**	3.996 2^*	4.324 8^*	3.641 4^**
种植密度×施肥量(M×N)		0.225 1^ns	12.767 8^***	10.145 6^***	0.590 1^ns	11.949 5^***

种植密度和施氮量对等行距机采棉根系形态指标及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on Dry Matter Accumulation, Root Growth and Yield of Cotton with Equal Row Spacing

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