1膜3行下株距与氮肥对机采棉生长发育及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究1膜3行条件下氮肥配比及种植株距对棉花生长发育及产量的影响并选出最优组合。【方法】 以新陆中 88 号为供试品种,采用裂区试验设计,主区为3种氮肥追施策略,副区为10、8、6 cm 3个株距。分析不同处理对棉花生长发育、棉铃时空分布、蕾铃脱落率及产量与纤维品质的影响。【结果】 氮肥均施的处理N₂铃数多,铃数比N₁、N₃高8.7% ~23.3%、8.82% ~36.5%,其棉铃时空分布更理想,蕾铃脱落率低从而增加产量,且N₂处理纤维品质显著优于其他2个处理。综合收获株数及单株结铃数等产量构成因素可得,氮肥均施处理N₂及株距8 cm(D₂)的处理N₂D₂皮棉产量最高,为3 025.65 kg/hm²。【结论】 在1膜3行模式下,氮肥均施及株距8 cm的处理N₂D₂能取得高产,适合在生产中推广应用。

关键词: 机采棉; 氮肥; 株距; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer ratio and planting spacing on cotton growth and yield under the condition of one film and three rows, and to select the best combination. 【Method】 Taking Xinluzhong 88 as the tested variety, the split-zone test design was adopted, with three nitrogen fertilizer topdressing strategies in the main zone and three plant spacing of 10, 8 and 6 cm in the sub-zone.Effects of different treatments on the growth and development of cotton, the spatiotemporal distribution of cotton bolls, the shedding rate of buds and bolls, yield and fiber quality were analyzed. 【Results】 The number of bolls in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application was more N₂, and the number of bolls was 8.7% -23.3%, 8.82% -36.5% higher than that of N₁ and N₃.The spatiotemporal distribution of cotton bolls was more ideal, and the rate of boll shedding was low, which increased yield.The quality of treated fiber was significantly better than the other two treatments.Combining the yield components such as the number of harvested plants, the number of bolls per plant, and the weight of single bolls, the treatment with N₂ and plant spacing of 8 cm (D₂) with nitrogen fertilizer had the highest yield, and the yield of lint cotton was 3,025.65 kg/hm². 【Conclusion】 Under the one-film three-row mode, N₂D₂ can achieve high yield when nitrogen fertilizer is applied and the plant spacing is 8 cm, which is suitable for popularization and application in production.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; nitrogen fertilizer; plant spacing; yield; fiber quality

中图分类号:

S562

卡地力亚·阿不都克力木, 张巨松, 陈振, 贺宏伟, 崔建平, 林涛, 郭仁松. 1膜3行下株距与氮肥对机采棉生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(2): 269-278.

Kadliya Abudukelimu, ZHANG Jusong, CHEN Zhen, HE Hongwei, CUI Jianping, LIN Tao, GUO Rensong. Effects of Plant Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on the Growth and Yield of Machine-Picked Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(2): 269-278.

图/表 8

参考文献 23

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处理 Process	基肥 Base Fertilizer	各时期追肥用量(日/月)Topdressing dosage in eachperiod(D/M)								总量 Total
处理 Process	基肥 Base Fertilizer	1/7	10/7	17/7	24/7	31/7	7/8	14/8	24/8	总量 Total
N₁	64	0	16	32	64	32	64	48	32	320
N₂	64	16	32	48	64	32	32	16	16	320
N₃	64	48	48	32	64	32	16	16	0	320

处理 Process	基肥 Base Fertilizer	各时期追肥用量(日/月)Topdressing dosage in eachperiod(D/M)								总量 Total
处理 Process	基肥 Base Fertilizer	1/7	10/7	17/7	24/7	31/7	7/8	14/8	24/8	总量 Total
N₁	64	0	16	32	64	32	64	48	32	320
N₂	64	16	32	48	64	32	32	16	16	320
N₃	64	48	48	32	64	32	16	16	0	320

氮肥 Nitro gen	株距 Plant Spacing	出苗 Emer gency (D/M)	现蕾 Full Squa ringy (D/M)	开花 Flowe ring (D/M)	盛铃 Full boll (D/M)	见絮 Boll Opening (D/M)	苗期 Seedling Stage (d)	蕾期 Bud Stage (d)	花铃期 Flowering and Boll- Setting Stage (d)	生育期 Growth Stage (d)
	D₁	21/4	5/6	21/6	23/7	7/9	45	16	74	135
N₁	D₂	21/4	5/6	22/6	25/7	9/9	45	17	78	140
	D₃	21/4	6/6	23/6	26/7	12/9	46	17	80	143
	D₁	21/4	5/6	22/6	23/7	7/9	45	18	73	136
N₂	D₂	21/4	5/6	23/6	23/7	8/9	45	18	76	139
	D₃	21/4	6/6	24/6	24/7	9/9	46	19	77	142
	D₁	21/4	5/6	23/6	18/7	5/9	45	18	70	133
N₃	D₂	21/4	5/6	24/6	19/7	6/9	45	19	72	136
	D₃	21/4	6/6	24/6	20/7	7/9	46	19	73	139

氮肥 Nitro gen	株距 Plant Spacing	出苗 Emer gency (D/M)	现蕾 Full Squa ringy (D/M)	开花 Flowe ring (D/M)	盛铃 Full boll (D/M)	见絮 Boll Opening (D/M)	苗期 Seedling Stage (d)	蕾期 Bud Stage (d)	花铃期 Flowering and Boll- Setting Stage (d)	生育期 Growth Stage (d)
	D₁	21/4	5/6	21/6	23/7	7/9	45	16	74	135
N₁	D₂	21/4	5/6	22/6	25/7	9/9	45	17	78	140
	D₃	21/4	6/6	23/6	26/7	12/9	46	17	80	143
	D₁	21/4	5/6	22/6	23/7	7/9	45	18	73	136
N₂	D₂	21/4	5/6	23/6	23/7	8/9	45	18	76	139
	D₃	21/4	6/6	24/6	24/7	9/9	46	19	77	142
	D₁	21/4	5/6	23/6	18/7	5/9	45	18	70	133
N₃	D₂	21/4	5/6	24/6	19/7	6/9	45	19	72	136
	D₃	21/4	6/6	24/6	20/7	7/9	46	19	73	139

氮肥 Nitrogen	株距 Plant spacing	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Leaf number (片)	果枝数 Number fruit branch (台)	茎粗 Stem thick (mm)	果枝始节高 Fruiting height of cotton (个)	铃数 Boll number (个)
	D₁	82.2±3.45^b	12.8±0.84^b	9.1±0.65^bc	9.90±0.24^a	21.3±1.24^c	8.2±0.45^b
N₁	D₂	80.1±2.41^c	12.1±0.81^bc	8.9±0.62^c	9.4±0.21^b	20.7±1.31^d	7.8±0.41^bc
	D₃	78.6±2.35^c	11.4±0.75^c	8.7±0.60^c	8.7±0.19^c	20.4±1.28^d	6.8±0.36^c
	D₁	83±2.74^b	13.6±0.89^a	9.7±0.74^a	9.4±0.22^b	22.7±1.41^b	11.2±0.52^a
N₂	D₂	81.3±2.34^bc	13.4±0.87^a	9.5±0.84^a	9.2±0.26^b	21.2±1.27^c	9.4±0.37^ab
	D₃	75.6±1.11^d	12.2±0.69^c	9.2±0.75^b	8.7±0.34^c	20.7±1.35^d	7.4±0.31^bc
	D₁	85.6±2.84^a	13.8±0.94^a	9.3±0.89^b	10.3±0.38^a	24.2±1.52^a	10.3±0.65^a
N₃	D₂	83.8±1.41^b	13.6±0.91^a	9.1±0.65^b	9.2±0.41^ab	23.3±1.24^a	8.4±0.52^b
	D₃	81.7±2.74^bc	13±0.85^b	9.0±0.45^bc	8.9±0.27^c	23.1±1.19^ab	6.0±0.39^c