拔节期冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量对干旱胁迫的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 2163-2172.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.010

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

拔节期冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量对干旱胁迫的响应

王晓雨¹, 王小平², 史文宇¹, 刘美艳¹, 马健¹, 郭云鹏¹, 宋瑞欣³, 王清涛¹^,²()

1.河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院,河北邯郸 056000
2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化和减灾重点实验室,兰州 730020
3.河北师范大学计算机与网络空间安全学院,石家庄 050000

收稿日期:2022-12-11 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-19
通信作者: 王清涛(1979-),男,山东聊城人,讲师,博士,研究方向为植物生态学,(E-mail)wangqt13@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:王晓雨(1995- ),女,安徽马鞍山人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田节水灌溉,(E-mail)wangxiaoyu0316@126.com
基金资助:
中国气象局干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM201702);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2020402022);河北省专业学位教学案例库建设项目(KCJSZ2022094);国家自然科学基金项目(42071246);河北工程大学博士创新项目(SJ010002102)

Responses of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield to drought stress in winter wheat at jointing stage

WANG Xiaoyu¹, WANG Xiaoping², SHI Wenyu¹, LIU Meiyan¹, MA Jian¹, GUO Yunpeng¹, SONG Ruixin³, WANG Qingtao¹^,²()

1. College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering,Handan Hebei 056000,China
2. Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province / Lanzhou Drought Meteorological Research Institute, CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China
3. College of Computer and Cyber Security, Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050000, China

Received:2022-12-11 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-19
Correspondence author: WANG Qingtao(1979-),male,Liaocheng Shandong, lecturer,Doctor,mainly engaged in plant ecology research,(E-mail)wangqt13@lzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The Drought Meteorology Science Research Program of China Meteorological Administration(IAM201702);Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2020402022);Construction project of professional degree teaching case base in Hebei Province(KCJSZ2022094);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071246);Doctoral Innovation Project of Hebei University of Engineering(SJ010002102)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量对干旱胁迫的响应,为冬小麦春季灌溉制度提供基础理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以冬小麦品种邯麦17号为材料,在拔节期设置充分灌水(CK)、轻度干旱(T₁)、中度干旱(T₂)和重度干旱(T₃)4个处理。【结果】拔节期冬小麦叶片水分利用效率在T₂处理下最高;净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和叶绿素含量随着干旱胁迫的加剧均有所降低。光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm) 、PSⅡ 的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)和经过PSⅡ的电子传递速率(Fm/Fo)均表现为T₁ > CK > T₂ >T₃。与CK相比,T₁和T₂处理地下部分干物质积累量分别提高11.8%和3.0%,T₃处理降低4.0%;T₁、T₂和T₃处理地下部分干物质占比分别提高4.0%、6.0%和11.0%。灌溉水利用效率在T₁处理下最高,且籽粒产量略有增加,T₂和T₃处理籽粒产量则分别降低14.8%和42.4%(P<0.05)。叶片水分利用效率与地上部干物质积累量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与总干物质积累量、籽粒产量和灌溉水利用效率呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),与胞间二氧化碳浓度呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】轻度干旱处理下,拔节期冬小麦通过调节光合作用和增加地下部分干物质积累量及其占比以适应干旱环境,并提高籽粒产量和灌溉水利用效率;但随着干旱加剧,冬小麦光合速率明显降低,影响干物质积累,导致冬小麦产量降低。

关键词: 干旱胁迫; 冬小麦; 拔节期; 光合特性; 干物质; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield to drought stress in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for spring irrigation schedule of winter wheat.【Methods】 A pot culture experiment was conducted with four soil moisture gradients containing full irrigation (CK), mild drought(T₁), moderate drought(T₂) and severe drought(T₃) in winter wheat at jointing stage in the study.【Results】 The results showed that highest leaf water use efficiency of winter wheat at jointing stage was observed in T₂.The trend of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing of drought stress.The rank of the effect of drought stress on fluorescence parameters including Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Fm/Fo was that: T₁ > CK > T₂ > T₃.Compared with CK, dry matter accumulation of underground increased by 11.8% and 3.0% in T₁ and T₂, however, which decreased by 4.0% in T₃.The proportion of underground dry matter in T₁, T₂ and T₃ treatment increased by 4.0%, 6.0% and 11.0%, respectively.With respect to the performance of irrigation water use efficiency, it was the highest in T₁ and the grain yield increased slightly.In terms of grain yield, it was significantly lower than CK by 14.8% and 42.4% (P<0.05)both in T₂ and T₃, in turn, which increased somewhat in T₁.According to the results of Pearson correlation analysis, leaf water use efficiency was significantly (P< 0.05) positively correlated with total dry matter accumulation, grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency, furthermore, a significant(P< 0.01) positive correlation was detected between leaf water use efficiency and dry matter accumulation of aboveground, but a significant(P< 0.01) negative correlation was found between leaf water use efficiency and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.【Conclusion】 Under the mild drought treatment, the jointing winter wheat is adapted to the drought environment by regulating photosynthesis and increasing the underground accumulation of some dry matter and its proportion, thus improving the grain yield and irrigation water utilization efficiency.However, with the aggravation of drought stress, the photosynthetic rate of winter wheat decrease obviously, which lead to reducing dry matter accumulation and ultimately lead to the reduction of winter wheat yield.

Key words: drought stress; winter wheat; jointing stage; photosynthetic characteristics; dry matter; yield

中图分类号:

S512

王晓雨, 王小平, 史文宇, 刘美艳, 马健, 郭云鹏, 宋瑞欣, 王清涛. 拔节期冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2163-2172.

WANG Xiaoyu, WANG Xiaoping, SHI Wenyu, LIU Meiyan, MA Jian, GUO Yunpeng, SONG Ruixin, WANG Qingtao. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield to drought stress in winter wheat at jointing stage[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2163-2172.

图/表 7

图1 冬小麦光合参数对干旱胁迫的响应注:不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。CK:充分灌水;T1:轻度干旱;T2:中度干旱;T3:重度干旱,下同

Fig.1 Responses of photosynthetic parameters of winter wheat to drought stress Note: Different lowercase letters above the box mean significant difference among treatments(P<0.05).CK: full irrigation; T1: mild drought; T2: moderate drought; T3: Severe drought,the same as below

图2 冬小麦叶绿素含量对干旱胁迫的响应

Fig.2 Responses of chlorophyll of winter wheat to drought stress

表1 冬小麦PSⅡ 最大化学效率、潜在活性及电子传递速率对干旱胁迫的响应

Tab.1 Responses of winter wheat maximum efficiency, potential activity and electron transfer of PSⅡ to drought stress

处理 Treat- ments	Fv/Fm	Fv/Fo	Fm/Fo
CK	0.795±0.008^ab	3.876±0.181^ab	4.876±0.182^ab
T₁	0.802±0.005^a	4.054±0.134^a	5.055±0.134^a
T₂	0.791±0.011^ab	3.793±0.252^b	4.793±0.252^b
T₃	0.786±0.018^b	3.711±0.359^b	4.712±0.360^b

图3 冬小麦总干物质积累量对干旱胁迫的响应

Fig.3 Responses of total dry matter accumulation of winter wheat to drought stress

图4 冬小麦干物质分配对干旱胁迫的响应

Fig.4 Responses of dry matter distribution of winter wheat to drought stress

图5 冬小麦产量和灌溉水利用效率对干旱胁迫的响应

Fig.5 Responses of grain yield of winter wheat and the irrigation water use efficiency to drought stress

图6 Pearson相关系数注;*表示显著相关(P<0.05), **表示极显著相关(P<0.01)

Fig.6 Pearson correlation coefficient analysis Note: * means significant correlation at the 0.05 level,** means significant correlation at the 0.01 level

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拔节期冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量对干旱胁迫的响应

Responses of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield to drought stress in winter wheat at jointing stage

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