生物质炭施用量对滴灌冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.008

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 2146-2151.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.008

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

生物质炭施用量对滴灌冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响

陈传信¹^,²(), 张永强¹^,², 聂石辉¹^,², 孔德鹏³, 赛力汗·赛¹^,², 徐其江¹^,², 雷钧杰¹^,²()

1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091
2.农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站, 乌鲁木齐 831111

收稿日期:2022-12-15 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-19
通信作者: 雷钧杰(1972-), 男, 甘肃古浪人, 研究员, 博士,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com
作者简介:陈传信(1988-), 男, 河南商丘人, 助理研究员, 硕士,研究方向为作物高产栽培生理,(E-mail)lixp618@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-3);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划;新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02015-1);自治区区域协同创新专项(2021E01002)

Effects of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation

CHEN Chuanxin¹^,²(), ZHNAG Yongqiang¹^,², NIE Shihui¹^,², KONG Depeng³, Sailihan Sai¹^,², XU Qijiang¹^,², LEI Junjie¹^,²()

1. Research Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
2. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, MOARA, Urumqi 830091,China
3. Agricultural Technology Promotion Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 831111, China

Received:2022-12-15 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-19
Correspondence author: LEI Junjie(1973 -), male, researcher,research area: crop yield cultivation, (E-mail) leijunjie@sohu.com
Supported by:
Key R&D Program Projecty of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002);Key R&D Program Projecty of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002-1);Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Wheat Industry Technology System(CARS-3);Tianshan Talent Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;Key R&D Program Project of Xinjang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02015-1);Autononous Region Regional Colaborative Innovation Special Project(2021E01002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究生物质炭施用量对滴灌冬小麦的生长发育与产量的影响。【方法】在滴灌条件下,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,设置3个生物质炭施用水平,分别为0 t/hm²(CK)、20 t/hm²(T₁)、40 t/hm²(T₂),研究不同处理下滴灌冬小麦的生长发育与产量差异。【结果】施用生物质炭可以提高冬小麦叶面积指数,T₂处理和T₁处理叶面积指数显著高于CK。施用生物质炭提高了冬小麦叶片叶绿素活性,T₂处理拔节期、抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期叶绿素SPAD值分别比T₁、CK增加0.55%、0.31%、0.90%、2.28%和1.41%、1.18%、2.95%、3.67%。施用生物质炭显著增加了冬小麦干物质积累量,促进了冬小麦产量的形成,其中T₂处理产量表现最好,为8 244.40 kg/hm²,T₂处理比T₁、CK处理产量分别增加5.25%、12.58%。【结论】施用生物质炭有利于小麦的生长与产量的提高,在T₂处理40 t/hm²生物质炭施用量下冬小麦产量表现较好,可为大田生产提供参考。

关键词: 生物质炭; 冬小麦; 生长发育; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to study the effect of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Under drip irrigation conditions, a single factor randomized block experimental design was used to set up three levels of biochar application, namely 0 t/hm² (CK), 20 t/hm² (T₁), and 40 t/hm² (T₂), to study the differences in growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation under different treatments. 【Results】 The application of biochar improved the leaf area index of winter wheat, and the leaf area index of T₂ and T₁ treatments was significantly higher than that of CK and increased the chlorophyll activity of winter wheat leaves. The SPAD values of chlorophyll in T₂ treatment increased by 0.55%, 0.31%, 0.90%, 2.28%, and 1.41%, 1.18%, 2.95%, and 3.67%, respectively, compared to T₁ and CK treatment at the jointing, heading, flowering, and filling stages. In addition, the application of biochar significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat and promoted the formation of winter wheat yield, with T₂ treatment performing the best at 8,244.40 kg/hm². T₂ treatment increased yield by 5.25% and 12.58% compared to T₁ and CK treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, it can be found that the application of biochar is beneficial for the growth and yield of wheat. Under the T₂ treatment of 40 t/hm² of biochar application, winter wheat yield performs well, which provides reference for field production.

Key words: biochar; winter wheat; growth and development; yield

中图分类号:

S512.1

陈传信, 张永强, 聂石辉, 孔德鹏, 赛力汗·赛, 徐其江, 雷钧杰. 生物质炭施用量对滴灌冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2146-2151.

CHEN Chuanxin, ZHNAG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, KONG Depeng, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie. Effects of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2146-2151.

图/表 4

图1 不同生物质炭施用量下冬小麦叶面积指数变化注:字母表示同一时期不同处理间差异性(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Effect of biomass charcoal application rate on the changes in leaf area index of winter wheat Note:The letters on the column indicate the differences between different treatments during the same period (P<0.05), the same as below

图2 不同生物质炭施用量下冬小麦叶片SPAD值变化

Fig.2 Effect of biomass charcoal application rate on SPAD value changes in winter wheat

图3 不同生物质炭施用量下冬小麦干物质积累变化

Fig.3 Effect of biomass charcoal application rate on dry matter accumulation in winter wheat

表1 不同生物质炭施用量下冬小麦产量及产量构成因素变化

Tab.1 Effect of biomass carbon application rate on winter wheat yield and yield components

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per spike (粒/穗)	千粒重 1 000- grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
CK	615.86^b	30.90^b	36.45^b	7 323.10^c
T₁	640.32^ab	34.67^a	36.49^b	7 833.08^b
T₂	660.33^a	35.00^a	39.40^a	8 244.40^a

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生物质炭施用量对滴灌冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation

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