种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉产量及纤维品质形成的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (8): 1821-1829.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉产量及纤维品质形成的影响

王心¹^,²(), 林涛¹^,³(), 崔建平¹, 吴凤全², 唐志轩², 崔来园², 郭仁松¹, 王亮¹, 郑子漂¹

1.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830052
3.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-12-01 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-08-14
通信作者: 林涛(1981-),男,新疆玛纳斯人,博士,研究员,研究方向为棉田生理生态,(E-mail)27427732@qq.com
作者简介:王心(1998-),女,吉林辽源人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业资源高效利用,(E-mail)1677404357@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001005);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育项目(xjnky-2020003);新疆农业科学院自主培育专项(xjnkyzzp-2022002);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项-农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202001);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才人才培养项目

Effects of planting mode and irrigation quota on yield and fiber quality of machine-picked long-staple cotton

WANG Xin¹^,²(), LIN Tao¹^,³(), CUI Jianping¹, WU Fengquan², TANG Zhixuan², CUI Laiyuan², GUO Rensong¹, WANG Liang¹, ZHENG Zipiao¹

1. Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Cotton Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education / College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Cultivation of Desert Oasis Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2022-12-01 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-14
Correspondence author: LIN Tao (1981-), male, Doctor, Associate Research Fellow.Research direction: physiological and ecological study of cotton field, (E-mail)27427732@qq.com
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1001005);Key Cultivation Program of Science and Technology Innovation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnky-2020003);Independent cultivation project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkyzzp-2022002);Agricultural S & T innovation platform ability construction project of Xinjiang academy of agricultural science / key laboratory of crop physiology, ecology and farming in desert oasis open project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(25107020-202001);Talent cultivation project Tianshan mountain of Xinjiang jointly funded

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉产量及纤维品质形成的影响,为促进机采长绒棉产量与品质协同提供理论依据。【方法】试验在田间微区控制条件下进行,采用裂区试验设计,选择同一最适密度,以机采种植模式为主区:1膜3行(S₃)、1膜4行(S₄)和1膜6行(S₆);灌溉定额为副区:3 150 m³/hm²[W₁,重度亏缺(田间持水量50%)]、4 050 m³/hm²[ W₂,轻度亏缺(田间持水量75%)]和4 980 m³/hm²[ W₃,充分灌溉(田间持水量100%)],分析种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉干物质积累、产量构成及机采品质的影响。【结果】棉花干物质的积累符合 Logistic 生长函数模型。同一灌溉定额下,随平均行距的扩大可提早进入干物质快速积累时期,S₃处理最大干物质积累速率平均分别比S₄和S₆处理增加0.62和0.77 g/(株·d)。在同一种植模式下,干物质积累速度和持续时长随着灌溉定额的增加而增加。平均行距和灌溉定额的增加,显著提高了单株结铃数与单铃质量及产量。同一灌溉定额下,随平均行距的扩大,化学脱叶效率显著提高,挂枝率显著降低,棉纤维半均长、整齐度和纺织参数得到显著改善;同一种植模式下,随着灌溉定额的增加,产量与纤维品质指标同样显著提高,但对纤维品质的影响未达到显著水平。【结论】等行距处理和轻度亏缺灌溉组合(S₃W₂),有利于干物质积累量向生殖器官的转移,单株结铃数和单铃重显著提高,且机采品质较好。

关键词: 种植模式; 灌溉定额; 机采长绒棉; 产量; 机采品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 Effects of planting mode and irrigation quota on yield and fiber quality of machine-picked long-staple cotton and provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of machine-picked long-staple cotton.【Methods】 This study adopted a split-plot experimental design.Under the same planting density, three planting patterns were set: one film with three rows (S₃), one film with four rows (S₄), and one film with six rows (S₆).The three irrigation quotas were: 3,150 m³/hm² [W₁, severe deficit (field capacity 50%)], 4,050 m³/hm² [W₂, mild deficit (field capacity 75%)] and 4,980 m³/hm² [ W₃, slight deficit (field capacity 100%)].【Results】 Under different row spacing and irrigation quota, the accumulation of cotton dry matter conformed to the logistic growth function model.Under the same irrigation quota, with the expansion of the average row spacing, it enter the period of rapid dry matter accumulation earlier and increase Vm.The average Vm of S₃ treatment 0.62 and 0.77 g/(plant·d) higher than that of S₄ and S₆ treatments, respectively.Under the same planting mode, with the increase of irrigation quota, the dry matter accumulation rate faster and the rapid accumulation period longer.The increase of average row spacing and irrigation quota significantly improved the number of bolls per plant and the quality of bolls, and finally increased the yield.There was no significant difference between W₂ and W₃ treatments.In terms of defoliation and branch hanging, under the same irrigation quota, with the expansion of the average row spacing, the defoliation rate of long-staple cotton was significantly increased, and the hanging branch rate was significantly reduced; under the same planting mode, with the increase of irrigation quota, oth leaf rate and branch hanging rate were significantly increased.In the interaction between the production and fiber quality, the defoliation rate of S₃W₃ treatment was the highest, and the branch hanging rate of S₃W₁ treatment was the lowest.In terms of fiber quality, the half-average length, uniformity and textile parameters increased with the increase of the average row spacing; the effect of irrigation quota on fiber quality was not significant, but the W₁ treatment showed better fiber quality.【Conclusion】 The combination of equal row spacing and mild deficit irrigation (S₃W₂) is beneficial to the transfer of dry matter accumulation to reproductive organs, and the number of bolls per plant and the weight of single bolls are significantly increased, which is different from the seed cotton yield under the full irrigation treatment.And the defoliation rate is higher, the leaf hanging rate is lower, and the fiber quality is better.

Key words: planting pattern; irrigation quota; machine-picked long-staple cotton; yield; fiber quality

中图分类号:

S233.75
S562

王心, 林涛, 崔建平, 吴凤全, 唐志轩, 崔来园, 郭仁松, 王亮, 郑子漂. 种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉产量及纤维品质形成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1821-1829.

WANG Xin, LIN Tao, CUI Jianping, WU Fengquan, TANG Zhixuan, CUI Laiyuan, GUO Rensong, WANG Liang, ZHENG Zipiao. Effects of planting mode and irrigation quota on yield and fiber quality of machine-picked long-staple cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 1821-1829.

图/表 6

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种植模式 Planting patterns	灌溉定额 Irrigation quotas	R²	V_m g/(plant·d)	T(d)	t₁(d)	t₂(d)	Δt(d)	GT (g/plant)
S₃	W₁	0.999 7	2.12	99.86	66.92	123.02	40.62	97.99
	W₂	0.998 8	2.78	90.49	76.7	110.8	40.19	113.01
	W₃	0.997 5	2.89	87.02	70.18	107.12	46.32	116.31
S₄	W₁	0.993 6	1.59	88.99	65.51	112.46	42.55	74.7
	W₂	0.996	2.14	87.41	66.14	108.69	46.95	90.99
	W₃	0.994 6	2.21	88.64	65.84	111.43	45.59	100.91
S₆	W₁	0.997 3	1.74	90.74	68.43	113.05	44.62	77.79
	W₂	0.990 5	1.82	94.92	68.32	121.52	54.32	96.96
	W₃	0.988 6	1.92	94.79	67.63	121.94	53.2	104.35

种植模式 Planting patterns	灌溉定额 Irrigation quotas	R²	V_m g/(plant·d)	T(d)	t₁(d)	t₂(d)	Δt(d)	GT (g/plant)
S₃	W₁	0.999 7	2.12	99.86	66.92	123.02	40.62	97.99
	W₂	0.998 8	2.78	90.49	76.7	110.8	40.19	113.01
	W₃	0.997 5	2.89	87.02	70.18	107.12	46.32	116.31
S₄	W₁	0.993 6	1.59	88.99	65.51	112.46	42.55	74.7
	W₂	0.996	2.14	87.41	66.14	108.69	46.95	90.99
	W₃	0.994 6	2.21	88.64	65.84	111.43	45.59	100.91
S₆	W₁	0.997 3	1.74	90.74	68.43	113.05	44.62	77.79
	W₂	0.990 5	1.82	94.92	68.32	121.52	54.32	96.96
	W₃	0.988 6	1.92	94.79	67.63	121.94	53.2	104.35

种植模式 Planting patterns	灌溉定额 Irrigation quotas	单株铃数 Boll number per plant	棉铃质量 Cotton boll weight(g)	衣分 Lint percentage(%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield(kg/hm²)
S₃	W₁	7.07^a	3.17^a	32.66^a	4 311.16^d
	W₂	7.34^a	2.88^c	33.55^a	5 099.49^ab
	W₃	6.94^a	2.91^bc	32.93^a	5 244.75^a
S₄	W₁	6.49^a	3.09^ab	33.38^a	3 640.95^f
	W₂	6.42^a	3.04^ab	33.55^a	4 644.27^c
	W₃	6.59^a	2.98^bc	33.28^a	4 581.72^cd
S₆	W₁	6.27^a	2.86^c	33.78^a	4 026.71^de
	W₂	6.67^a	3.11^a	33.17^a	4 359.42^d
	W₃	6.66^a	2.99^bc	33.59^a	4 905.99^b
两因素分析Two-way ANOVA(Fvalue)
种植模式Planting patterns(S)		NS	NS	NS	^*
灌溉定额Irrigation quotas (W)		NS	^**	NS	^**
种植模式×灌溉定额(S×W) Planting patterns×Irrigation quotas		NS	^*	NS	^**

种植模式 Planting patterns	灌溉定额 Irrigation quotas	单株铃数 Boll number per plant	棉铃质量 Cotton boll weight(g)	衣分 Lint percentage(%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield(kg/hm²)
S₃	W₁	7.07^a	3.17^a	32.66^a	4 311.16^d
	W₂	7.34^a	2.88^c	33.55^a	5 099.49^ab
	W₃	6.94^a	2.91^bc	32.93^a	5 244.75^a
S₄	W₁	6.49^a	3.09^ab	33.38^a	3 640.95^f
	W₂	6.42^a	3.04^ab	33.55^a	4 644.27^c
	W₃	6.59^a	2.98^bc	33.28^a	4 581.72^cd
S₆	W₁	6.27^a	2.86^c	33.78^a	4 026.71^de
	W₂	6.67^a	3.11^a	33.17^a	4 359.42^d
	W₃	6.66^a	2.99^bc	33.59^a	4 905.99^b
两因素分析Two-way ANOVA(Fvalue)
种植模式Planting patterns(S)		NS	NS	NS	^*
灌溉定额Irrigation quotas (W)		NS	^**	NS	^**
种植模式×灌溉定额(S×W) Planting patterns×Irrigation quotas		NS	^*	NS	^**

种植模式 Planting patterns	灌溉定额 Irrigation quotas	上半均长 Upper halfaverage	整齐度 Uniformity	比强度 Specific strength(CN/tex)	伸长率 Elongation	马克隆值 Micronaire	纺织参数 Textilepa rameter
S₃	W₁	40.22^a	89.11^a	46.70^a	9.66^c	4.46^a	223.83^a
	W₂	39.09^bc	88.10^bc	45.03^bc	9.87^bc	4.63^a	211.17^b
	W₃	39.69^ab	88.62^ab	45.49^abc	10.33^a	4.69^a	215.09^b
S₄	W₁	39.20^bc	88.00^bc	44.68^bc	9.86^bc	4.48^a	211.67^b
	W₂	39.37^bc	88.04^bc	45.67^ab	9.78^bc	4.64^a	215.82^b
	W₃	38.97^c	88.19^bc	43.90^c	10.07^ab	4.55^a	209.70^b
S₆	W₁	37.85^d	87.77^c	44.97^bc	10.06^ab	4.50^a	212.33^b
	W₂	39.03^bc	88.28^bc	45.03^bc	10.08^ab	4.54^a	213.17^b
	W₃	38.86^c	87.96^c	44.78^bc	10.13^ab	4.59^a	212.14^b
两因素分析Two-way ANOVA(Fvalue)
种植模式Planting patterns(S)		^**	^**	^*	NS	NS	^*
灌溉定额Irrigation quotas (W)		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
种植模式×灌溉定额(S×W) Planting patterns×Irrigation quotas		^**	^**	NS	^*	NS	NS

种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉产量及纤维品质形成的影响

Effects of planting mode and irrigation quota on yield and fiber quality of machine-picked long-staple cotton

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