不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.018

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (7): 1713-1721.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.018

• 设施农业·植物保护·林业 • 上一篇下一篇

不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响

梁志国¹(), 王泽鹏¹, 贾宋楠², 范凤翠²(), 刘胜尧², 张哲², 杜凤焕², 秦勇¹()

1.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所,石家庄 050051

收稿日期:2022-10-15 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-07-11
通信作者: 秦勇(1962-),男,甘肃人,教授,硕士/博士生导师,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)352167610@qq.com；
范凤翠(1971-),女,河北人,研究员,博士,研究方向为资源高效利用与蔬菜节水,(E-mail)njsffc@163.com
作者简介:梁志国(1994-),男,山西人,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)7369353692@qq.com
基金资助:
河北省农业高质量发展关键共性技术攻关专项“区域特色果菜作物管理模型构建与智能化关键技术应用与示范”(19227407D);河北省农业节水科技创新专项“城郊设施蔬菜节水增效技术集成与示范”(21326904D);河北省国际科技合作基地建设专项(19396433D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队项目(HBCT2018030205)

Effects of different soil moisture on growth, yield, quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse eggplant

LIANG Zhiguo¹(), WANG Zepeng¹, JIA Songnan², FAN Fengcui²(), LIU Shengyao², ZHANG Zhe², DU Fenghuan², QIN Yong¹()

1. College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China

Received:2022-10-15 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-07-11
Correspondence author: QIN Yong (1962-), male, from Gansu, professor, PhD/Master's supervisor, research direction is vegetable cultivation and physiology, (E-mail)352167610@qq.com;
FAN Fengcui (1971-), female, from Hebei, researcher, Ph.D., research direction is efficient use of resources and vegetable water saving, (E-mail)njsffc@163.com
Supported by:
Special Project for Key Common Technologies for High-quality Agricultural Development in Hebei Province "Regional Featured Fruit and Vegetable Crop Management Model Construction and Intelligent Key Technology Application and Demonstration”(19227407D);Hebei Province Agricultural Water-saving Technology Innovation Special Project "Water-saving and Increased Suburban Facility Vegetables" Integration and Demonstration of Effective Technology”(21326904D);Special Funding Project for the Construction of Hebei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base(19396433D);Funded Project of Vegetable Innovation Team of Hebei Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(HBCT2018030205)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响,为华北地区设施茄子精准节水灌溉和增产提供理论依据。【方法】以茄杂2号茄子品种为研究对象,以田间持水量(Field Capacity)为基准,分别设W₁:土壤含水量为50%~55%FC,W₂:土壤含水量为60%~65%FC,W₃:土壤含水量为70%~75%FC,W₄:土壤含水量为80%~85%FC,W₅:土壤含水量为90%~95%FC 5个处理,每个处理3次重复,研究5种不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】在不同土壤水分条件下,设施茄子的株高、茎粗随土壤含水量的增加呈现先增后减的变化趋势;设施茄子产量与灌水量呈二次函数关系Y₍_Y₎ = -3.202 1X² + 1 278.5X - 26 511(R² = 0.994 3),W₄处理产量最高,为101 029.91 kg/hm²;降低土壤含水量有利于可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、VC、可溶性蛋白含量的提高,同时也会导致硝酸盐含量的升高;设施茄子水分利用效率随着土壤含水量的减少而增加,产量最高的W₄处理水分利用效率为36.22 kg/m³,相比W₁处理虽然下降了13.14%,但产量却增加了54.55%。【结论】土壤含水量为80%~85%FC时茄子产量达到最大,为101 029.91 kg/hm²,亚硝酸盐含量最低,为575.40 mg/kg,且水分利用效率相对较高,为36.22 kg/m³,是最适宜华北地区的设施茄子土壤水分管理。

关键词: 茄子; 土壤含水量; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To provide theoretical basis for precision water-saving irrigation and yield increase of Eggplant in Northern China.【Methods】 The eggplant variety Qieza 2 was taken as the research object, based on the field capacity, five treatments were set respectively:W₁:soil water content of 50% - 55% FC, W₂:soil water content of 60% - 65% FC, W₃:soil water content of 70% - 75% FC, W₄:soil water content of 80% - 85% FC, W₅:soil water content of 90% - 95% FC, and each treatment was repeated three times.After that, the effects of five different soil moisture on growth, yield, quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse eggplant were studied.【Results】 Under different soil moisture conditions, the plant height and stem diameter of protected eggplant increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil moisture; Under the experimental conditions, the relationship between eggplant yield and irrigation was a quadratic function, y₍_Y₎ = -3.202,1x² + 1,278.5x - 26,511(R² = 0.994,3).The yield of W₄ treatment was the highest, which was 101,029.91 kg/hm²; Reducing soil water content was conducive to the increase of soluble solid, soluble sugar, vitamin C and soluble protein, and also led to the increase of nitrate content; The water use efficiency of protected eggplant increased with the decrease of soil water content.The water use efficiency of W₄ treatment with the highest yield was 36.22 kg/m³, decreased by 13.14% compared with W₁ treatment, but the yield increased by 54.55%.【Conclusion】 Under the experimental conditions, when the soil water content is 80% - 85% FC, the eggplant yield reaches the maximum, which is 101,029.91 kg/hm², the nitrite content is the lowest, which is 575.40 mg/kg, and the water use efficiency is relatively high, which is 36.22 kg/m³.It is the most suitable facility eggplant soil water management in Northern China.

Key words: eggplant; soil moisture content; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S641.1

梁志国, 王泽鹏, 贾宋楠, 范凤翠, 刘胜尧, 张哲, 杜凤焕, 秦勇. 不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1713-1721.

LIANG Zhiguo, WANG Zepeng, JIA Songnan, FAN Fengcui, LIU Shengyao, ZHANG Zhe, DU Fenghuan, QIN Yong. Effects of different soil moisture on growth, yield, quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse eggplant[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(7): 1713-1721.

图/表 8

表1 不同土壤水分管理茄子灌水设计

Tab.1 Irrigation design of eggplant under different soil water management

处理 Treatment	灌水始点 Irrigation starting point	灌水终点 Irrigation end point
W₁	50%FC	55%FC
W₂	60%FC	65%FC
W₃	70%FC	75%FC
W₄	80%FC	85%FC
W₅	90%FC	95%FC

图1 不同土壤水分下设施茄子株高变化

Fig.1 Effects of different soil water on plant height of greenhouse eggplant

图2 不同土壤水分下设施茄子茎粗变化

Fig.2 Effects of different soil water on stem diameter of greenhouse eggplant

图3 不同土壤水分下设施茄子产量变化

Fig.3 Effect of soil water the yield of greenhouse eggplant

图4 灌水量与茄子产量间的相关关系

Fig.4 Correlation between eggplant yield and irrigation quantity

表2 不同土壤水分下设施茄子品质变化

Tab.2 Effects of different soil water on the quality of eggplant

处理 Treatments	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg/g)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg/g)	硝酸盐 Nitrate (mg/kg)	VC Vitamin C (mg/100g)
W₁	2.95^a	60.88^a	2.25^a	806.36^a	8.02^a
W₂	2.42^b	54.99^b	1.94^b	724.72^{a b}	5.74^b
W₃	2.28^{b c}	53.72^{b c}	1.81^{b c}	660.63^{b c}	5.52^{b c}
W₄	2.27^{b c}	51.90^c	1.50^d	575.40^c	5.41b^c
W₅	2.18^c	48.16^d	1.66^{c d}	609.36^{b c}	5.20^c

表3 不同土壤水分下茄子耗水量和水分利用效率变化

Tab.3 Effects of different soil water on water consumption and water use efficiency of eggplant

处理 Treatments	耗水量 Water consumption (mm)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg/m³)
W₁	110.19^e	45 915.44	41.69^a
W₂	150.40^d	59 114.48	39.54^a
W₃	180.69^c	70 174.67	38.91^a
W₄	279.47^b	101 029.91	36.22^a
W₅	341.83^a	96 053.097	28.11^b

图5 耗水量与茄子产量和水分利用效率间的相关关系

Fig.5 Correlation between water consumption and eggplant yield and water use efficiency

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不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of different soil moisture on growth, yield, quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse eggplant

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