新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 2138-2145.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.007

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥减施下有机肥替代对滴灌棉花产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮的影响

杨国江1(), 陈云1(), 林祥群2(), 何江勇1, 刘盛林3, 曲永清4   

  1. 1.新疆农垦科学院/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
    2.新疆石河子职业技术学院, 新疆石河子 832000
    3.新疆沃土壮苗农业科技有限公司,新疆克拉玛依 834032
    4.新疆石河子新业农牧生物发展有限公司,新疆石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-10 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-19
  • 通信作者: 陈云(1963-),男,甘肃人,研究员,研究方向为植物营养,(E-mail)nkycy8216@163.com; 林祥群(1980-),女,新疆人,教授,研究方向为农产品加工与检测,(E-mail)36642501@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨国江(1978-),男,宁夏人,副研究员,研究方向为作物高效施肥,(E-mail)183532457@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目“主要作物精准施肥一体化技术和装备研发及应用示范”(2020AB018);兵团第七师农业科技攻关项目“北疆地区棉花生长全程沼液配肥系统技术集成与示范”(2021C14)

Effects of organic fertilizer replacement on the yield and nutrient absorption of cotton and nitrate nitrogen under chemical fertilizer reduction

YANG Guojiang1(), CHEN Yun1(), LIN Xiangqun2(), HE Jiangyong1, LIU Shenglin3, QU Yongqing4   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science/ Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
    2. Xinjiang Shihezi Vocational Technical College, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
    3. Xinjiang Fertile Soil and Strong Seedling Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Karamay Xinjiang 834032, China
    4. Xinye Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Biological Development Co., Ltd, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
  • Received:2022-11-10 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-19
  • Correspondence author: CHEN Yun(1963-), Researcher, research topic is plant nutrition,(E-mail)nkycy8216@163.com; LIN Xiangqun (1980-), female, Professor, research topic is processing and testing of agricultural product,(E-mail)36642501@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Key R & D Program Project of XPCC "Research and Development and Application Demonstration of Integrated Technology and Equipment for Precision Fertilization of Main Crops"(2020AB018);Key R & D Program of the 7th Agricultrual Division of XPCC "Technology Integration and Demonstration of Biogas Slurry and Fertilizer System for Cotton Growing Process in Northern Xinjiang"(2021C14)

摘要:

【目的】比较氮肥减施条件下有机肥替代在滴灌棉花上的肥效及其对土壤硝态氮的影响,以选择合适的有机肥替代氮肥技术,提高氮肥利用率。【方法】试验设5个处理,分别为(1)不施氮肥(N0);(2)习惯施肥(N300);(3)习惯施肥减氮20%(N240);(4)习惯施肥减氮20%后,75%由尿素提供,25%由有机肥提供(N180MN60);(5)在处理(4)的基础上增加黄腐酸150 kg/hm2(N180MN60FA)。分析有机肥替代氮肥技术对棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响。【结果】(1)与习惯施肥相比,N180MN60FA显著增加棉花干物质量,增产3.3%~6.4%;而有机肥替代部分氮肥与习惯施肥的棉花干物质与产量大体相同。(2)与习惯施肥相比,N180MN60、N180MN60FA的棉花氮素吸收量没有显著差异,但氮肥利用率分别增加了8.4和11.0个百分点,减少了土壤氮素盈余。(3)等氮量条件下,N180MN60FA显著增加了土壤硝态氮含量。【结论】在减氮20%条件下,有机肥替代部分氮肥再配施黄腐酸的效果优于习惯施肥,而有机肥替代部分氮肥效果与习惯施肥相当。

关键词: 有机肥替代; 氮肥; 棉花; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To compare the fertilizer efficiency of organic manure replacement in drip irrigation cotton and the difference in soil nitrate nitrogen (N) under nitrogen reduction, so as to select suitable organic manure replacement N technology and improve N utilization rate.【Methods】 Five treatments were set: (1) No N fertilizer (N0).(2) Customary fertilization (N300).(3) N reduction by 20% (N240) under customary fertilization.(4) A 20% N reduction afterwards by conventional fertilization,75% N was provided by urea and 25% N by organic manure (N180MN60).(5) Fulvic acid 150 kg/hm2 addition (N180MN60FA) on the basis of treatment (4).After that, the effects of organic manure replacing N fertilizer on cotton yield and N use efficiency were analyzed.【Results】 (1) Compared with conventional fertilization, N180MN60FA significantly increased cotton biomass and increased yield by 3.3%-6.4%.Cotton biomass and yield of organic manure replaced part of N fertilizer were roughly the same.(2) Compared with conventional fertilization, N180MN60 and N180MN60FA had no significant difference in N uptake, but the N use efficiency increased by 8.4 and 11.0 percentage points respectively, and the soil N surplus was reduced.(3) Under constant N content, N180MN60FA significantly increased soil nitrate N.【Conclusion】 Under the condition of 20% N reduction, the effect of organic manure replacing part of N fertilizer combined with fulvic acid is better than that of conventional fertilizer, and the effect of organic manure replacing part of N fertilizer is similar to that of conventional fertilizer.

Key words: organic fertilizer replacement; nitrogen; cotton; yield

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

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