新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 2138-2145.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.007
• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇 下一篇
杨国江1(), 陈云1(), 林祥群2(), 何江勇1, 刘盛林3, 曲永清4
收稿日期:
2022-11-10
出版日期:
2023-09-20
发布日期:
2023-09-19
通信作者:
陈云(1963-),男,甘肃人,研究员,研究方向为植物营养,(E-mail)作者简介:
杨国江(1978-),男,宁夏人,副研究员,研究方向为作物高效施肥,(E-mail)183532457@qq.com
基金资助:
YANG Guojiang1(), CHEN Yun1(), LIN Xiangqun2(), HE Jiangyong1, LIU Shenglin3, QU Yongqing4
Received:
2022-11-10
Online:
2023-09-20
Published:
2023-09-19
Correspondence author:
CHEN Yun(1963-), Researcher, research topic is plant nutrition,(E-mail)Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】比较氮肥减施条件下有机肥替代在滴灌棉花上的肥效及其对土壤硝态氮的影响,以选择合适的有机肥替代氮肥技术,提高氮肥利用率。【方法】试验设5个处理,分别为(1)不施氮肥(N0);(2)习惯施肥(N300);(3)习惯施肥减氮20%(N240);(4)习惯施肥减氮20%后,75%由尿素提供,25%由有机肥提供(N180MN60);(5)在处理(4)的基础上增加黄腐酸150 kg/hm2(N180MN60FA)。分析有机肥替代氮肥技术对棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响。【结果】(1)与习惯施肥相比,N180MN60FA显著增加棉花干物质量,增产3.3%~6.4%;而有机肥替代部分氮肥与习惯施肥的棉花干物质与产量大体相同。(2)与习惯施肥相比,N180MN60、N180MN60FA的棉花氮素吸收量没有显著差异,但氮肥利用率分别增加了8.4和11.0个百分点,减少了土壤氮素盈余。(3)等氮量条件下,N180MN60FA显著增加了土壤硝态氮含量。【结论】在减氮20%条件下,有机肥替代部分氮肥再配施黄腐酸的效果优于习惯施肥,而有机肥替代部分氮肥效果与习惯施肥相当。
中图分类号:
杨国江, 陈云, 林祥群, 何江勇, 刘盛林, 曲永清. 氮肥减施下有机肥替代对滴灌棉花产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2138-2145.
YANG Guojiang, CHEN Yun, LIN Xiangqun, HE Jiangyong, LIU Shenglin, QU Yongqing. Effects of organic fertilizer replacement on the yield and nutrient absorption of cotton and nitrate nitrogen under chemical fertilizer reduction[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2138-2145.
深度 Depth (cm) | pH | 有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg) | 有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 14.5 | 25.7 | 218 |
20~40 | 8.0 | 11.4 | 9.2 | 20.9 | 213 |
表1 0~40 cm土壤基本农化性状
Tab.1 The physical and chemical properties of 0-40 cm soil
深度 Depth (cm) | pH | 有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg) | 有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 14.5 | 25.7 | 218 |
20~40 | 8.0 | 11.4 | 9.2 | 20.9 | 213 |
图1 不同年份各处理的棉花产量变化 注:N0—不施氮肥;N300—施氮量300 kg/hm2;N240—施氮量240 kg/hm2;N180MN60—施氮量240 kg/hm2,75%N由尿素提供,25%N由有机肥提供;N180MN60FA—N180MN60配施150 kg/hm2黄腐酸。不同小写字母表示同一年份不同处理间差异达到显著性水平(P<0.05),下同
Fig.1 Cotton yield of each treatment in different years Note: N0—No nitrogen application.N300—N application rate 300 kg/hm2.N240—N application rate 240 kg/hm2.N180MN60—N application rate 240 kg/hm2, 75% N was provided by urea and 25% N by organic manure.N180MN60FA—Add fulvic acid 150 kg/hm2 on the basis of N180MN60.Different small letters mean insignificant different among treatments in the same year (P<0.05),the same as below
年份 Year | N肥利用率 N efficiency(%) | N素表观平衡 N apparent balance(kg/hm2) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N300 | N240 | N180MN60 | N180MN60FA | N0 | N300 | N240 | N180MN60 | N180MN60FA | ||
2020 | 38.2 | 42.9 | 45.1 | 48.4 | -114.4 | 70.9 | 22.7 | 17.3 | 9.5 | |
2021 | 42.4 | 50.8 | 52.2 | 54.3 | -102.7 | 69.9 | 15.4 | 12.0 | 7.0 | |
均值Mean | 40.3 | 46.8 | 48.7 | 51.3 | -108.6 | 70.4 | 19.1 | 14.7 | 8.3 |
表2 各处理棉花氮肥效率和土壤氮素表观平衡
Tab.2 Efficiency of N of cotton and N apparent balance of soil under different treatments
年份 Year | N肥利用率 N efficiency(%) | N素表观平衡 N apparent balance(kg/hm2) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N300 | N240 | N180MN60 | N180MN60FA | N0 | N300 | N240 | N180MN60 | N180MN60FA | ||
2020 | 38.2 | 42.9 | 45.1 | 48.4 | -114.4 | 70.9 | 22.7 | 17.3 | 9.5 | |
2021 | 42.4 | 50.8 | 52.2 | 54.3 | -102.7 | 69.9 | 15.4 | 12.0 | 7.0 | |
均值Mean | 40.3 | 46.8 | 48.7 | 51.3 | -108.6 | 70.4 | 19.1 | 14.7 | 8.3 |
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 蕾期 Bud stage | 花期 Flowering stage | 成熟期 Mature stage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | ||
2020 | N0 | 18.2c | 9.9c | 23.0d | 14.0d | 14.1c | 9.3c |
N300 | 36.8a | 17.0a | 45.6a | 24.9a | 29.2a | 17.0a | |
N240 | 28.0b | 13.3b | 37.4c | 22.1b | 22.6b | 12.6b | |
N180MN60 | 29.3b | 12.6b | 39.4bc | 18.9c | 26.9a | 13.4b | |
N180MN60FA | 34.2a | 15.5a | 43.0ab | 25.1a | 27.7a | 13.5b | |
2021 | N0 | 14.4e | 9.5d | 18.7c | 11.5d | 11.4c | 8.5c |
N300 | 36.3a | 19.9a | 48.8a | 28.4a | 27.2a | 18.6a | |
N240 | 25.1d | 13.5c | 45.9ab | 20.5c | 21.2b | 13.7b | |
N180MN60 | 29.4c | 14.4c | 43.1b | 20.7c | 22.7b | 13.4b | |
N180MN60FA | 33.1b | 17.6b | 46.3ab | 25.5b | 25.4a | 13.8b |
表3 不同生育期 0~40 cm 土壤中硝态氮的含量
Tab.3 Nitrate nitrogen contents in 0-40 cm soil at different growth stages(mg/kg)
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 蕾期 Bud stage | 花期 Flowering stage | 成熟期 Mature stage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | ||
2020 | N0 | 18.2c | 9.9c | 23.0d | 14.0d | 14.1c | 9.3c |
N300 | 36.8a | 17.0a | 45.6a | 24.9a | 29.2a | 17.0a | |
N240 | 28.0b | 13.3b | 37.4c | 22.1b | 22.6b | 12.6b | |
N180MN60 | 29.3b | 12.6b | 39.4bc | 18.9c | 26.9a | 13.4b | |
N180MN60FA | 34.2a | 15.5a | 43.0ab | 25.1a | 27.7a | 13.5b | |
2021 | N0 | 14.4e | 9.5d | 18.7c | 11.5d | 11.4c | 8.5c |
N300 | 36.3a | 19.9a | 48.8a | 28.4a | 27.2a | 18.6a | |
N240 | 25.1d | 13.5c | 45.9ab | 20.5c | 21.2b | 13.7b | |
N180MN60 | 29.4c | 14.4c | 43.1b | 20.7c | 22.7b | 13.4b | |
N180MN60FA | 33.1b | 17.6b | 46.3ab | 25.5b | 25.4a | 13.8b |
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