15N同位素标记氮肥减施棉田养分利用效率分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 34-41.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.005

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

¹⁵N同位素标记氮肥减施棉田养分利用效率分析

成志慧¹(), 李红梅¹, 赵红梅¹, 涂永峰², 宋海英², 盛建东¹()

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司,新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2023-06-10 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-02-21
通信作者: 盛建东(1970-),男,甘肃秦安人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为土壤质量空间变异、养分资源高效利用、土壤信息技术等,(E-mail)sjd@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:成志慧(1998-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物营养学,(E-mail)1911488163@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项棉花农药化肥减量增效技术集成与应用(2020A01002-3)

Analysis of nutrient use efficiency in cotton fields with ¹⁵N isotope labeled nitrogen fertilizer

CHENG Zhihui¹(), LI Hongmei¹, ZHAO Hongmei¹, TU Yongfeng², SONG Haiying², SHENG Jiandong¹()

1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes / College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
2. Xinjiang Huier Agricultural Group Co.,Ltd.,Changji Xinjiang 831100,China

Received:2023-06-10 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-02-21
Correspondence author: SHENG Jiandong(1970-),male,native place Qinan,Gansu,Professor,research field:spatial variation ofsoil quality,efficient utilization of nutrient resources,soil information technology,(E-mail)sjd@xjau.edu.cn
Supported by:
The Key Program of Integration and Application of Cotton Pesticide and Fertilizer Reduction and EfficiencyEnhancement Technology for Major Science and Technology Projects in Autonomous Region.China(2020A01002-3)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究氮肥减施对棉花氮素吸收、转运及利用效率的影响,为绿洲滴灌棉田氮肥合理施用提供参考依据。【方法】利用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,采用盆栽试验,设置不施氮肥(N₀)、氮肥减施(N₁,225 kg/hm²)、当地推荐施肥(N₂,300 kg/hm²)3个处理,研究氮肥减施对棉花生物量、氮素吸收量、肥料氮吸收量以及氮肥利用率的影响。【结果】氮肥减施处理的棉花干物质积累量和氮素吸收量均显著高于不施氮处理(N₀),而与当地推荐施肥处理差异均不显著;氮肥减施处理棉花壳、籽的干物质量和籽的氮素吸收量均显著高于当地推荐施肥处理,分别增加了7.02%、6.81%和16.59%;2个施肥处理棉籽的肥料氮(¹⁵N)积累量占比最高,占全株的26.02%~35.99%,其次为叶(22.40%~23.81%)和茎(14.48%~18.98%),絮中最少(3.05%~6.62%);氮肥减施处理生殖器官的肥料氮吸收量比当地推荐施肥处理高19.02%;2个施肥处理的棉株吸收的氮素来源于肥料氮的比例(Ndff%)为21.14%~21.70%;氮肥减施处理的氮肥利用率和表观利用率均显著高于当地推荐施肥处理,分别增加2.36%和3.12%。【结论】氮肥减施(225 kg/hm²)可以显著提高棉籽中的干物质量、氮素吸收量、肥料氮(¹⁵N)吸收量、Ndff%以及棉花整株的氮肥利用率,在确保棉花产量不降低的前提下,适度的减少化肥施用量是提高化肥利用率最有效的措施之一。

关键词: 棉花; ¹⁵N示踪技术; 氮素吸收量; 肥料氮(¹⁵N)吸收量; 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on nitrogen absorption,transport and utilization efficiency of cotton and provide a reference for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in oasis drip irrigation cotton field. 【Methods】 The pot experiment was carried out by using ¹⁵N isotope tracer technique. Three treatments were set up:no nitrogen fertilizer(N₀),nitrogen fertilizer reduction(N₁, 225 kg/hm²) and local recommended fertilization(N₂, 300 kg/hm²). The effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on cotton biomass,nitrogen uptake,and fertilizer nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency were studied. 【Results】 The dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake of nitrogen reduction treatment were significantly higher than those of no nitrogen treatment(N₀),but had no significant difference with recommended fertilization treatment. The dry weight of hulls and seeds and nitrogen uptake of seeds under reduced nitrogen application rate were significantly higher than those under recommended rate by 7.02%,6.81% and 16.59%,respectively. The fertilizer nitrogen(¹⁵N) accumulation of cottonseed in the two fertilization treatments accounted for the highest proportion,accounting for 26.02%-35.99% of the whole plant,followed by leaves(22.40%-23.81%) and stems(14.48%-18.98%),and the lowest in flocs(3.05%-6.62%). The nitrogen uptake of reproductive organs in nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment was 19.02% higher than that in recommended fertilization treatment. The proportion of nitrogen absorbed by cotton plants in the two fertilization treatments(Ndff%) was 21.14%-21.70%. The nitrogen use efficiency and apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment were significantly higher than those of recommended fertilization treatment,which increased by 2.36% and 3.12%,respectively. 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen fertilizer reduction(25 kg/hm²) can significantly increase dry matter,nitrogen uptake,fertilizer nitrogen(¹⁵N) uptake,Ndff% in cottonseeds and nitrogen use efficiency of whole cotton plant. Therefore,under the premise of ensuring no decrease in cotton yield,appropriate reduction of chemical fertilizer application is one of the most effective measures to improve fertilizer use efficiency.

Key words: cotton; ¹⁵N tracing technology; nitrogen uptake; fertilizer nitrogen(¹⁵N) uptake; nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S562
S14

成志慧, 李红梅, 赵红梅, 涂永峰, 宋海英, 盛建东. ¹⁵N同位素标记氮肥减施棉田养分利用效率分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 34-41.

CHENG Zhihui, LI Hongmei, ZHAO Hongmei, TU Yongfeng, SONG Haiying, SHENG Jiandong. Analysis of nutrient use efficiency in cotton fields with ¹⁵N isotope labeled nitrogen fertilizer[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(1): 34-41.

图/表 5

图1 不同处理下棉花干物质积累量和氮素总吸收量变化注:不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.1 Dry matter accumulation and total nitrogen uptake of cotton Note:Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments(P<0.05)

图2 不同氮肥处理下棉花各器官干物质量和氮素吸收量变化注:不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.2 Dry matter quality and nitrogen uptake of cotton organs Note:Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments(P<0.05)

表1 棉花不同器官吸收与分配肥料氮(15N)变化

Tab.1 Uptake and distribution of nitrogen(15N) in different organs of cotton

器官 Organs	处理 Treatments	肥料氮吸收量 Fertilizer nitrogen uptake (mg/株)	肥料氮分配率 Fertilizer nitrogen allocation rate(%)
根Root	N₁	3.96±0.68^a	9.30±1.35 ^a
根Root	N₂	4.08±0.32 ^a	10.13±1.15 ^a
茎Stem	N₁	6.11±0.17 ^a	14.48±0.72 ^a
茎Stem	N₂	7.78±1.00 ^a	18.98±1.73 ^a
叶Leaf	N₁	9.47±0.27 ^a	22.40±0.86 ^a
叶Leaf	N₂	9.69±0.67 ^a	23.81±0.92 ^a
絮Fibre	N₁	1.29±0.06 ^c	3.05±0.18 ^b
絮Fibre	N₂	2.66±0.39 ^a	6.62±1.23 ^a
壳Shell	N₁	6.27±0.67 ^a	14.78±1.36 ^a
壳Shell	N₂	5.89±0.59 ^a	14.44±1.15 ^a
籽Seed	N₁	15.22±0.26 ^a	35.99±0.60 ^a
籽Seed	N₂	10.60±0.83 ^b	26.02±1.13 ^b
整株 Whole plant	N₁	42.33±1.12 ^a	-
整株 Whole plant	N₂	40.68±1.10 ^a	-

图3 棉花不同器官吸收土壤氮和肥料氮变化注:Ndff%表示植株各器官的氮素来源于肥料氮的比例; Ndfs%表示植株各器官的氮素来源于土壤氮的比例; 不同小写字母表示同一氮素来源不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.3 Uptake of soil nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen by different organs of cotton Note:Ndff% indicates the proportion of nitrogen in each plant organ that comes from fertilizer nitrogen. Ndfs% indicates the proportion of nitrogen in each plant organ that comes from soil nitrogen. Different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among different treatments of the same nitrogen source(P<0.05).

图4 棉花氮肥利用率和表观利用率变化注:N1和N2对应的施氮量为500和667 mg/株; 不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.4 Cotton nitrogen use efficiency and apparent utilization rate Note:15N rates in N1 and N2 are 500、667 mg/plant. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments(P<0.05)

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¹⁵N同位素标记氮肥减施棉田养分利用效率分析

Analysis of nutrient use efficiency in cotton fields with ¹⁵N isotope labeled nitrogen fertilizer

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