新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 1028-1040.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.029

• 草业·植物保护·畜牧兽医·农业经济 • 上一篇    

近30 a全国棉花生产区域时空变化及区域优势分析

张泓1(), 吐尔逊江·买买提2, 张少民1, 张军高1, 周小云1()   

  1. 1.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091
    2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-20 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-05-06
  • 通信作者: 周小云(1977-),男,重庆人,研究员,博士,研究方向为作物化控与生物技术,(E-mail)xiaoyunzhou77@126.com
  • 作者简介:张泓(1969-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,经济师,研究方向为农业经济管理,(E-mail)952771731@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部政府购买服务项目(15227030);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02001-2);国家自然科学基金项目(32060429);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2019018);新疆维吾尔自治区财政专项(65000022P007862101422)

Spatio-temporal variation and regional advantages of cotton production in recent 30 years in China

ZHANG Hong1(), Turxujiang Maimait2, ZHANG Shaomin1, ZHANG Jungao1, ZHOU Xiaoyun1()   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Crop Chemical Regulation / Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
    2. Research Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
  • Received:2022-09-20 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-05-06
  • Correspondence author: ZHOU Xiaoyun (1977 -), male, from Chongqing, researcher, doctor, research direction: crop chemical control and biotechnology, (E-mail)xiaoyunzhou77@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Government Purchase Service Project(15227030);Key R&D Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02001-2);Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060429);Innovation Ability Training Project for Young Sci-Tech Backbone Talents Sponsored by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkq-2019018);Special financial project of the autonomous region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(65000022P007862101422)

摘要:

【目的】分析全国棉花生产布局变化,研究棉花生产时空变化特征与区域优势,为合理的配置棉花生产资源提供参考。【方法】基于全国近30 a来棉花总产量、播种面积、单产等数据,以全国主要种植棉花省(市、区)为研究单元,综合运用统计工具分析全国棉花生产时空变化和区域优势,研究棉花生产变化的总体特征、地域格局演变特征。【结果】1990年以来全国棉花总产量年际变化呈现两个阶段:波动上升时期(1991~2007年),除新疆显著上升外,大部分省(市、区)缓慢下降;波动下降时期(2008~2020年),黄河流域和长江流域棉区下降较快,西北内陆棉区尤其新疆显著增加。近30 a全国棉花总产量显著增加,由5.09×109 kg增加至5.91×109 kg,增加了16.11%,空间上呈现“东南-西北”格局;单产与总产量变化相似,在全国范围内持续增加;播种面积则不同,生产重心呈现出“由东向西”转移,逐渐向西北集中的态势。全国棉花总产量变化总体上以播种面积贡献为主导,其次互作主导,单产为最低,我国棉花的生产优势区域为新疆。【结论】30 a来全国棉花播种面积先减后增,生产集中程度不断增大,优势产区趋于稳定,单产逐步提升;棉花生产布局呈现全国棉花生产重心呈现出由南向北,再由北向西北内陆棉区(尤其是新疆)变迁的特点。

关键词: 棉花; 时空变化; 重心迁移; 比较优势

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the changes of cotton production distribution in China and analyze the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes and regional advantages of cotton production, which will be of important practical significance for more rational allocation of agricultural production resources and formulation of scientific and effective cotton production policies.【Methods】Based on China's total cotton output, sown area, unit yield and other indicators in recent 30 years, this study took the whole country and provinces as research units, comprehensively used statistical tools to analyze the spatial-temporal changes and regional advantages of China's cotton production, and revealed the overall characteristics and regional pattern evolution characteristics of China's cotton production changes.【Results】The results showed that: (1) the interannual variation of total cotton yield since 1990 showed two stages: fluctuating upward period (1991-2007), except for Xinjiang, which increased significantly, most provinces and regions decreased slowly; During the period of fluctuating decline (2008-2020), the cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin declined rapidly, and the cotton areas in the northwest inland, especially Xinjiang, increased significantly. (2) China's total cotton output has increased significantly in the past 30 years, from 5.09 × 109 kg to 5.91 × 109 kg, an increase of 16.11%, forming a "southeast→northwest" pattern in space; The change of yield per unit area is similar to that of total yield, and continued to increase nationwide; however, the sown area was different, and the production center of gravity showed a trend of "shifting from east to west" and gradually concentrating to the northwest. (3) In general, the change of the total cotton output in China was dominated by the contribution of the sown area, followed by the interaction, and the yield per unit area was the lowest. Since then, Xinjiang has become the dominant region of cotton production in China.【Conclusion】Over the past 30 years, the sown area of cotton in China has decreased first and then increased, the degree of production concentration has been increasing, the dominant production areas have tended to be stable, and the unit yield has gradually increased. The national production layout of cotton shows that the center of cotton production in China has changed from south to north, and then from north to Northwest (Xinjiang).

Key words: cotton; spatio-temporal changes; migration of center of gravity; comparative advantage

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

出版单位:《新疆农业科学》编辑部
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