双膜条件下不同干播湿出水分处理对棉花生理、生长特性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 810-822.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.004

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

双膜条件下不同干播湿出水分处理对棉花生理、生长特性的影响

丁宇¹^,²^,³(), 张江辉², 白云岗²(), 刘洪波², 郑明², 赵经华¹, 肖军², 韩政宇¹^,²

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水利水电科学院,乌鲁木齐 830049
3.农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2022-08-16 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-05-06
通信作者: 白云岗(1974-),男,新疆奇台人,教授级高级工程师,博士,研究方向为农业水土工程,(E-mail)xjbaiyg@sina.com
作者简介:丁宇(1998-),男,硕士研究生,河南新乡人,研究方向为节水灌溉技术,(E-mail)dy98206@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“节水抑盐灌排协同调控技术模式及示范”(2021YFD1900805);自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费项目(KY2022127)

Effects of different dry sowing and wet-out water treatments on cotton physiology, growth characteristics and yield under double film conditions

DING Yu¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Jianghui², BAI Yungang²(), LIU Hongbo², ZHENG Ming², ZHAO Jinghua¹, XIAO Jun², HAN Zhengyu¹^,²

1. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Urumqi 830049, China
3. Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land In Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2022-08-16 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-05-06
Correspondence author: BAI Yungang(1974 -), male, doctor, professor level senior engineer, mainly engaged in agricultural water and soil engineering research (E-mail) xjbaiyg@sina.com
Supported by:
National Key R & D Project "Water Saving and Salt Suppression Irrigation and Drainage Coordinated Regulation Technology Mode and Demonstration"(2021YFD1900805);Basic Scientific R & D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(KY2022127)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同灌水定额及滴灌频次对棉花生理、生长特性及产量的影响规律。【方法】在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县开展大田试验。试验共设计5个不同灌水定额及滴灌频次处理(S₁:675 m³/hm²,S₂:900 m³/hm²,S₃:1 125 m³/hm²,S₄:675 m³/hm²+450 m³/hm²,S₅:675 m³/hm²+300 m³/hm²+150 m³/hm²),1个冬灌对照处理(CK:2 700 m³/hm²),分析不同水分处理对棉花生理、生长状况及产量的影响。【结果】(1)在株高及干物质量表现上,随灌溉定额增加,在苗期至吐絮期呈先减小后升高的趋势,其中CK与S₁处理在苗期无显著差异,与S₃处理在蕾期至吐絮期差异性较小。随滴水频次增加,在苗期至吐絮期呈显著升高趋势,其中CK与S₅处理差异性较小。(2)在叶绿素荧光表现上,随灌溉定额增加叶绿素荧光参数呈显著降低趋势,其中CK显著大于各灌水定额处理。随滴水频次增加叶绿素荧光参数逐渐增加,其中CK与S₅处理荧光参数差异性较小。叶绿素荧光参数Fm'值与棉花群体叶面积指数呈良好线性关系,Fo'值与干物质累积量建立的相关性模型决定系数较高。(3)在群体生理指标及产量表现上,随灌溉定额及滴水频次增加棉花群体生理指标呈逐渐升高的趋势,其中CK与S₅处理差异性较小。各干播湿出处理中S₅处理棉花产量及灌溉水分生产效率显著较高,与CK处理相比,产量大小无显著差异,灌溉水分生产效率升高26.7%。【结论】低出苗水量、高滴水频次处理(S₅)对于棉花生长促进作用更强,作物产量更高,且有着较高的灌溉水分生产效率,能够达到节水增产的目的。

关键词: 棉花; 双膜覆盖; 干播湿出; 水分调控; 生理生长特性; 叶绿素荧光参数

Abstract:

【Objective】This project aims to study the influence of different irrigation quota and drip irrigation frequency on cotton physiology. 【Methods】Growth characteristics and yield by performing field experiments in Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang. Five different irrigation quota and drip irrigation frequency treatments (S₁:675 m³/hm², S₂:900 m³/hm², S₃:1,125 m³/hm², S₄:675 m³/hm²+450 m³/hm², S₅:675 m³/hm²+300 m³/hm²+150 m³/hm²) and one winter irrigation control treatment (CK:2,700 m³/hm²) were designed to analyze the effects of different water treatments on cotton physiology, growth and yield.【Results】(1) As for the performance of plant height and dry matter quality, with the increase of irrigation quota, it first decreased and then increased from seedling stage to boll opening stage. There was no significant difference between CK and S₁ treatment at seedling stage, and there was little difference between CK and S₃ treatment from bud stage to boll opening stage. With the increase of drip frequency, it increased significantly from seedling stage to boll opening stage, and the difference between CK and S₅ was small. (2) In the performance of chlorophyll fluorescence, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota, and CK was significantly greater than that of each irrigation quota treatment. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters increased with the increase of dripping frequency, and the difference between CK and S₅ was small. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fm' had a good linear relationship with the cotton population leaf area index, and the correlation model between Fo' and dry matter accumulation had a high determination coefficient. (3) In terms of population physiological indexes and yield performance, the population physiological indexes of cotton showed a gradually increasing trend with the increase of irrigation quota and drip frequency, and there was little difference between CK and S₅. In each dry sowing and wet-out treatment, S₅ treatment had significantly higher cotton yield and irrigation water production efficiency. Compared with CK treatment, there was no significant difference in yield, and the irrigation water production efficiency increased by 26.7%.【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis shows that the treatment of low seedling emergence water volume and high dripping frequency (S₅) has a stronger promoting effect on cotton growth, higher crop yield, higher irrigation water production efficiency, and can achieve the purpose of water saving and yield increasing.

Key words: cotton; double film covering; dry sowing and wet-out; water regulation; physiological growth characteristics; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

中图分类号:

S562

丁宇, 张江辉, 白云岗, 刘洪波, 郑明, 赵经华, 肖军, 韩政宇. 双膜条件下不同干播湿出水分处理对棉花生理、生长特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 810-822.

DING Yu, ZHANG Jianghui, BAI Yungang, LIU Hongbo, ZHENG Ming, ZHAO Jinghua, XIAO Jun, HAN Zhengyu. Effects of different dry sowing and wet-out water treatments on cotton physiology, growth characteristics and yield under double film conditions[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(4): 810-822.

图/表 15

表1 土壤粒径

Tab.1 Soil particle size analysis

深度 Depth (cm)	>0.05 mm (%)	0.05~ 0.002 mm (%)	<0.002 mm (%)	土壤质地 Soil texture
0~10	35.7	55.2	9.1	粉(砂)壤土
10~20	41.2	53.0	5.8	粉(砂)壤土
20~30	39.9	51.3	8.8	粉(砂)壤土
30~40	36.9	55.0	8.1	粉(砂)壤土
40~60	39.1	52.3	8.6	粉(砂)壤土
60~80	22.4	68.6	9.0	粉(砂)壤土
80~100	25.5	68.9	5.6	粉(砂)壤土

表2 棉花生育期灌水

Tab.2 Irrigation test scheme for cotton growth period

序号 Serial number	灌水日期 (年-月-日) Filling date (Year-Month-Day)	灌水定额 Irrigation quota(m³/hm²)
序号 Serial number	灌水日期 (年-月-日) Filling date (Year-Month-Day)	S₁	S₂	S₃	S₄	S₅	CK
1	2020-11-15	0	0	0	0	0	2 700
2	2021-04-19	675	900	1 125	675	675	0
3	2021-04-22	0	0	0	450	300	0
4	2021-04-25	0	0	0	0	150	0
5	2021-06-02	275	275	275	275	275	275
6	2021-06-15	270	270	270	270	270	270
7	2021-06-30	333	333	333	333	333	333
8	2021-07-16	347	347	347	347	347	347
9	2021-08-01	312	312	312	312	312	312
10	2021-08-16	321	321	321	321	321	321
11	2021-09-02	225	225	225	225	225	225
12	2021-09-17	225	225	225	225	225	225
合计Total	-	2 983	3 208	3 433	3 433	3 433	5 008

图1 种植方式和滴灌带布置

Fig.1 Planting method and drip irrigation belt layout

图2 不同水分处理下棉花株高变化注:S1、S2、S3分别表示干播湿出灌溉定额为675、900、1 125 m3/hm2处理,S3、S4、S5分别表示干播湿出滴水频次为1次、2次、3次滴水处理,CK表示冬灌对照处理;不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.2 Effect of different water treatments on cotton plant height Note: S1, S2 and S3 respectively indicate that the irrigation quota of dry sowing and wet sowing is 675, 900 and 1,125m3/hm2, S3, S4 and S5 respectively indicate that the frequency of dry sowing and wet dripping is 1, 2 and 3 dripping treatments, and CK indicates the winter irrigation control treatment; Different small letters indicate significant difference among different treatments (P<0.05), the same as below

图3 不同水分处理下棉花茎粗变化

Fig.3 Effect of different water treatments on cotton stem diameter

图4 不同水分处理下棉花干物质累积量变化

Fig. 4 Effect of different water treatments on dry matter accumulation of cotton

图5 不同灌溉定额及滴水频次处理影响下棉花群体生理指标变化趋势

Fig.5 Change trend of cotton population growth index under the influence of different irrigation quota and drip frequency treatment

图6 不同水分处理下Fo'和Fm'值变化

Fig.6 Effects of different moisture treatments on Fo 'and Fm' values

表3 不同水分处理棉花幼苗叶绿素荧光参数Fv'/Fm'和Yield值的方差及多重比较

Tab.3 Variance Analysis and multiple comparison results of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv'/Fm' and Yield values of Cotton Seedlings under different water treatments

处理 Treatment	Fv'/Fm'	Yield	P
S₁	0.551±0.035^d	0.422±0.020^e	<0.01
S₂	0.612±0.036^c	0.511±0.026^d
S₃	0.665±0.010^c	0.576±0.010^c
S₄	0.696±0.026^b	0.615±0.036^bc
S₅	0.744±0.020^ab	0.654±0.017^ab
CK	0.753±0.026^a	0.663±0.010^a

图7 不同水分处理下棉花幼苗qP值变化

Fig.7 Effect of different water treatments on qP value of cotton seedlings

图8 Fm'实际值与叶面积指数预测值拟合

Fig.8 Fitting results between actual value of Fm' and predicted value of leaf area index

表4 叶面积指数与叶绿素荧光参数相关性

Tab.4 Correlation analysis between leaf area index and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R² Coefficient of determination R²	P
Fo'	0.867^**	y=2.840-0.060x	0.737	<0.01
Fm'	0.896^**	y=1.951-0.001x	0.791	<0.01
Yield	0.775^**	y=2.481-2.297x	0.576	<0.01
Fv'/Fm'	0.711^**	y=2.831-2.489x	0.475	<0.01
qP	0.510*	y=1.817-1.059x	0.214	<0.05

表5 地上干物质累积量与叶绿素荧光参数相关性

Tab.5 Correlation analysis between aboveground dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R² Coefficient of determination R²	P
Fo'	0.636^**	y=14.315-0.024x	0.367	<0.01
Fm'	0.593^**	y=10.240-0.003x	0.311	<0.01
Yield	0.635^**	y=13.448-10.846x	0.366	<0.01
Fv'/Fm'	0.592^**	y=15.230-11.946x	0.310	<0.01
qP	0.322	y=9.614-3.854x	0.048	>0.05

图9 Fo'实际值与地上干物质量预测值拟合结果

Fig.9 Fitting results between actual value of Fo 'and predicted value of aboveground dry matter mass

表6 不同水分处理棉花产量及水分生产效率

Tab.6 Cotton yield and water production efficiency under different water treatments

处理 Handle	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	灌水量 Irrigation quantity (m³/hm²)	灌溉水分生产效率 Irrigation water production efficiency (kg/m³)
S₁	4 252.3^e	2 983	1.43^c
S₂	4 527.5^d	3 208	1.41^c
S₃	4 876.3^c	3 433	1.42^c
S₄	5 301.5^b	3 433	1.54^b
S₅	5 543.3^a	3 433	1.61^a
CK	5 687.5^a	5 008	1.18^d

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双膜条件下不同干播湿出水分处理对棉花生理、生长特性的影响

Effects of different dry sowing and wet-out water treatments on cotton physiology, growth characteristics and yield under double film conditions

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