水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜光合日变化及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.018

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (8): 1966-1974.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.018

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜光合日变化及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

马新超¹(), 轩正英¹(), 闵昊哲¹, 齐志文¹, 成宏宇¹, 谭占明¹, 王旭峰²

1.塔里木大学园艺与林学学院/塔里木大学南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2022-11-09 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-08-14
通信作者: 轩正英(1979-),女,辽宁朝阳人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为特色蔬菜种质资源与栽培生理,(E-mail)xzyzky@163.com
作者简介:马新超(1998-),男,河南南阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为设施农业,(E-mail)mxczky@163.com
基金资助:
塔里木大学团队建设项目(TDJXTD2207);兵团专利运用与产业化项目(BTSCJGJ-ZLC-2022002);塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKSS202346)

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on diurnal changes of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber in sandy culture

MA Xinchao¹(), XUAN Zhengying¹(), MIN Haozhe¹, QI Zhiwen¹, CHENG Hongyu¹, TAN Zhanming¹, WANG Xufeng²

1. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University/National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. College of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2022-11-09 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-14
Correspondence author: XUAN Zhengying (1979-), female, born in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province, professor, master tutor, research direction is vegetable germplasm resources and cultivation physiology of southern Xinjiang, (E-mail)xzyzky@163.com
Supported by:
Tarim University Team Building Project(TDJXTD2207);XPCC Patent Application and Industrialization Project(BTSCJGJ-ZLC-2022002);Tarim University President's Fund Program(TDZKSS202346)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜光合日变化及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,为沙培黄瓜生产提供科学的理论依据。【方法】以优胜美水果黄瓜为试材,采用2次饱和D-最优设计进行沙培黄瓜水氮耦合的田间试验,共设7个处理,在结果盛期测定黄瓜叶片光合日变化特征参数、叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量和RuBP羧化酶活性。【结果】各处理的净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率日变化均呈现为单峰曲线,瞬时水分利用效率日变化总体上呈现为“升-降-升”的“N”型曲线。在适宜的水分供应下增施氮肥能够有效提高作物净光合速率,气孔导度及蒸腾速率均随着灌水水平和施氮量的增加呈现出开口朝下的抛物线趋势,瞬时水分利用效率随着灌水水平的增加而增加,但过高的灌水水平会降低瞬时水分利用效率。施氮量是影响叶片总叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数的关键因子,施氮量与总叶绿素含量和PSⅡ活性等叶绿素荧光参数之间呈正相关,总叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数随着灌水水平的增加大体上呈现出开口朝下的抛物线趋势;灌水水平和施氮量与RuBP羧化酶活性之间均呈开口朝下的抛物线趋势。水氮耦合下各处理光合特性的优劣排序为T₄>T₅>T₆>T₇>T₃>T₂>T₁。【结论】T₄为光合特性表现最优处理,水氮耦合方案是灌水水平为86.10%,施氮量为893.49 kg/hm²。

关键词: 黄瓜; 水氮耦合; 光合日变化; 叶绿素荧光参数; 叶绿素含量; RuBP羧化酶

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of water-nitrogen coupling on the diurnal variation of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber.The results can provide a scientific theoretical basis for the production of Shapei cucumber.【Methods】 A field experiment of water-nitrogen coupling of sand-cultivated cucumber was carried out by using "Yosemite" fruit cucumber as the test material, and the double-saturated D-optimal design was used.The experiment consisted of 7 treatments and photosynthetic diurnal variation characteristic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content and RuBP carboxylase activity were determined in the fruit bearing period.【Results】 The daily changes of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of each treatment presented a single-peak curve, and the daily variation of instantaneous water use efficiency generally presented an "N"-shaped curve of "rising-falling-rising".Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application under suitable water supply could effectively improve the net photosynthetic rate of crops.Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed a downward parabolic trend with the increase of irrigation level and nitrogen application rate.Instantaneous water use efficiency increased with the increase of the water level, but too high irrigation level would reduce the instantaneous water use efficiency.Nitrogen application rate was a key factor affecting the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves.There was a positive correlation between nitrogen application rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as total chlorophyll content and PSⅡ activity.There was a parabolic trend with the opening downwards on the top; the relationship between the irrigation level and nitrogen application rate and the activity of RuBP carboxylase all showed a parabolic trend with the opening downwards.The photosynthetic characteristics of each treatment under water and nitrogen coupling was obtained as T₄>T₅>T₆>T₇>T₃>T₂>T₁.【Conclusion】 T₄ is the treatment with the best photosynthetic characteristics, The irrigation level is 86.10% and the nitrogen application rate is 893.49 kg/hm² through the quadratic polynomial regression equation.

Key words: cucumber; water and nitrogen coupling; diurnal changes in photosynthesis; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters; chlorophyll content; RuBP carboxylase

中图分类号:

马新超, 轩正英, 闵昊哲, 齐志文, 成宏宇, 谭占明, 王旭峰. 水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜光合日变化及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1966-1974.

MA Xinchao, XUAN Zhengying, MIN Haozhe, QI Zhiwen, CHENG Hongyu, TAN Zhanming, WANG Xufeng. Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on diurnal changes of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber in sandy culture[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 1966-1974.

图/表 6

表1 黄瓜水氮耦合试验设计

Tab.1 Design scheme of cucumber water nitrogen coupling test

处理 Treat- ments	码值方案 Code value scheme		实际值 Actual value
处理 Treat- ments	灌水水平 Irrigation level	施氮量 N application	灌水水平 Irrigation level(%)	施氮量 N application (kg/hm²)
T₁	-1	-1	65	150
T₂	1	-1	100	150
T₃	-1	1	65	1 250
T₄	-0.131 5	-0.131 5	80.20	623
T₅	0.394 4	1	89.40	1 250
T₆	1	0.394 4	100	917
T₇	1	1	100	1 250

图1 水氮耦合下沙培黄瓜光合特征参数日变化

Fig.1 Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on the diurnal changes of photosynthetic parameters of cucumber in sand culture

表2 水氮耦合下沙培黄瓜叶绿素荧光参数变化

Tab.2 Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber in sand culture

处理 Treatments	PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量 PSⅡ Actual Photochemical Quantum Yield (ΦPSⅡ)	PSⅡ最大光化学效率 PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm)	光化学猝灭系数 Photochemical quenching coefficient (qP)	非光化学猝灭系数 Non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ)
T₁	0.30±0.02^d	0.75±0.03^d	0.87±0.04^c	0.24±0.04^a
T₂	0.30±0.01^d	0.71±0.02^e	0.85±0.04^c	0.22±0.0 $4 a b$
T₃	0.36±0.02^bc	0.84±0.01^abc	0.90±0.03^b	0.22±0.03^ab
T₄	0.37±0.01^b	0.84±0.01^ab	0.93±0.02^ab	0.19±0.03^b
T₅	0.42±0.01^a	0.85±0.02^a	0.94±0.02^a	0.19±0.01^b
T₆	0.35±0.02^c	0.83±0.01^bc	0.93±0.01^ab	0.21±0.02^ab
T₇	0.36±0.02^bc	0.81±0.02^c	0.93±0.02^ab	0.24±0.04^a

表2 水氮耦合下沙培黄瓜叶绿素荧光参数变化

Tab.2 Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber in sand culture

处理 Treatments	PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量 PSⅡ Actual Photochemical Quantum Yield (ΦPSⅡ)	PSⅡ最大光化学效率 PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm)	光化学猝灭系数 Photochemical quenching coefficient (qP)	非光化学猝灭系数 Non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ)
T₁	0.30±0.02^d	0.75±0.03^d	0.87±0.04^c	0.24±0.04^a
T₂	0.30±0.01^d	0.71±0.02^e	0.85±0.04^c	0.22±0.0 $4 a b$
T₃	0.36±0.02^bc	0.84±0.01^abc	0.90±0.03^b	0.22±0.03^ab
T₄	0.37±0.01^b	0.84±0.01^ab	0.93±0.02^ab	0.19±0.03^b
T₅	0.42±0.01^a	0.85±0.02^a	0.94±0.02^a	0.19±0.01^b
T₆	0.35±0.02^c	0.83±0.01^bc	0.93±0.01^ab	0.21±0.02^ab
T₇	0.36±0.02^bc	0.81±0.02^c	0.93±0.02^ab	0.24±0.04^a

图2 水氮耦合下沙培黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化

Fig.2 Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on chlorophyll content of cucumber leaf in sand cultivation

图3 水氮耦合下沙培黄瓜RuBP羧化酶活性变化

Fig.3 Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on RuBP carboxylase activity of cucumber in sand culture

表3 光合生理指标的综合评价

Tab.3 Comprehensive evaluation of photosynthetic physiological index

处理 Treat- ments	正理想解距离D⁺ Positive ideal solution distance	负理想解距离D^- Negative ideal solution distance	相对接近度 Ci Relative proximity	排序 Sorts
T₁	0.384	0.052	0.12	7
T₂	0.293	0.162	0.357	6
T₃	0.257	0.175	0.405	5
T₄	0.16	0.298	0.651	1
T₅	0.163	0.288	0.639	2
T₆	0.183	0.268	0.594	3
T₇	0.227	0.321	0.586	4

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水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜光合日变化及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on diurnal changes of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber in sandy culture

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