新疆滴灌机采棉生长及产量的最佳水氮组合

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (11): 2674-2686.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.010

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

新疆滴灌机采棉生长及产量的最佳水氮组合

潘洋¹(), 付秋萍¹(), 海英¹, 祁通², 洪明¹, 马英杰¹, 潘俊杰¹

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院/新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-04-28 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-07
通信作者: 付秋萍(1980-),女,新疆奇台人,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为节水灌溉及水肥高效利用,(E-mail)qiupingfu@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:潘洋(1996-),男,湖北宜昌人,硕士研究生,研究方向为灌溉节水,(E-mail)panyang1996HB@outlook.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02009-3);水利工程重点学科项目(XLXK2019-08)

Optimum water and nitrogen combination for growth and yield of drip-irrigated cotton in Xinjiang

PAN Yang¹(), FU Qiuping¹(), HAI Ying¹, QI Tong², HONG Ming¹, MA Yingjie¹, PAN Junjie¹

1. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2023-04-28 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-07
Correspondence author: FU Qiuping (1980-), female, Qitai, Xinjiang doctor, associate professor, master supervisor, mainly engaged in water-saving irrigation and efficient use of water and fertilizer research,(E-mail)qiupingfu@xjau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Key R&D Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02009-3);Key Discipline Project of Water Conservancy(XLXK2019-08)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究膜下滴灌机采棉最佳水氮投入组合,实现机采棉节水提质增效。【方法】 以膜下滴灌机采棉为研究对象,采用二因素完全随机试验,设计3个灌水水平(3 000、3 525和4 200 m³/hm²)和4个施氮水平(0、168、240和312 kg/hm²),研究机采棉的株高、茎粗、SPAD、叶面积指数等指标与不同水氮组合的响应机制。【结果】 (1)施氮量和灌水量的增加会使株高、茎粗、SPAD和叶面积指数增大,过量的施氮量和灌水量会使棉花的茎粗减小。(2)灌水量一致时,不施氮处理的耗水量明显低于施氮处理,且施氮量为240 kg/hm²的处理的耗水量最大;施氮处理的水分利用效率比不施氮处理高,且灌水量为3 000和3 525 m³/hm²时,水分利用效率随着施氮量的增加而增加。(3)施氮168 kg/hm²的处理,灌水量的增加会促进机采棉的氮肥生产率,施氮量为312 kg/hm²的处理,灌水量增加会使氮肥生产率降低。(4)灌水量为3 525 m³/hm²,施氮量为240 kg/hm²时,膜下滴灌机采棉的水分生产效率、单株有效铃数、单铃重和衣分均最高,为当地适宜的水肥组合。【结论】 灌水量及施氮量对机采棉的生长、水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力及产量具有显著的交互作用。灌水量为3 600~4 200 m³/hm²、施氮量为160~312 kg/hm²时可使籽棉产量、WUE、PFPN同时达到最大值的80%以上,是试验研究区机采棉最适宜的水氮组合区间。

关键词: 机采棉; 水氮耦合; 水氮利用效率; 籽棉产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To establish and improve the optimal water and nitrogen input strategy of machine-picked cotton under mulched drip irrigation, thus realizing water saving, quality improvement and efficiency increase.【Methods】 Taking the cotton as the research object by the drip irrigation machine under the film, three irrigation levels (0, 168, 240 and 312 kg/hm²) and four nitrogen levels (3,000, 3,525 and 4,200 m³/hm²) were designed to study the response mechanism of plant height, stem diameter, SPAD, LAI and other combinations of water and nitrogen.【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, SPAD and leaf area index increased with the increase of nitrogen and irrigation amount, but the amount of nitrogen and water could reduce the stem diameter of cotton. When the amount of irrigation was consistent, the water consumption of no nitrogen treatment was significantly lower than that of nitrogen application, the water consumption of 240 kg/hm² was the largest. But the water use efficiency of nitrogen treatment was higher than that of non nitrogen treatment, and when the amount of irrigation was 3,000 and 3,525 m³/hm², the water use efficiency increases with the increase of nitrogen application. With the treatment of nitrogen application 168 kg/hm², the increase in the amount of irrigation promoted the nitrogen productivity of the machine, with a high nitrogen application of 312 kg/hm², and the amount of irrigation reduced the productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. When the amount of irrigation was 3,525 m³/hm² and the amount of nitrogen application was 240 kg/hm², the water production efficiency of the machine, the number of effective single plant, the weight of the single boll and the clothes were the highest, which was the suitable irrigation and fertilization system in the local area.【Conclusion】 Irrigation and nitrogen application has significant interaction action on growth, water use efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity and yield of machine-picked cotton. Comprehensively considering the three evaluation indexes of seed cotton yield, water and nitrogen utilization rate and the adaptability of machine-picked cotton, when the irrigation amount is 3,600-4,200 m³/hm² and the nitrogen application amount is 160-312 kg/hm², the seed cotton yield, WUE and PFPN can reach more than 80% of the maximum value at the same time, which is the most suitable water and nitrogen combination range for machine-picked cotton in the experimental study area.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; coupling of water and nitrogen; water and nitrogen use efficiency; raw cotton yield

中图分类号:

潘洋, 付秋萍, 海英, 祁通, 洪明, 马英杰, 潘俊杰. 新疆滴灌机采棉生长及产量的最佳水氮组合[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2674-2686.

PAN Yang, FU Qiuping, HAI Ying, QI Tong, HONG Ming, MA Yingjie, PAN Junjie. Optimum water and nitrogen combination for growth and yield of drip-irrigated cotton in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2674-2686.

图/表 12

参考文献 40

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处理 Treat- ment	株高 Plant height(cm)
处理 Treat- ment	蕾期 Bud period	初花期 Initial flowe- ring	盛花期 Full flowe- ring	初铃期 Initial period of boll	盛铃期 To contain period of boll
显著水平 level of significance
W	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
N	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**
W×N	ns	ns	*	ns	*

处理 Treat- ment	株高 Plant height(cm)
处理 Treat- ment	蕾期 Bud period	初花期 Initial flowe- ring	盛花期 Full flowe- ring	初铃期 Initial period of boll	盛铃期 To contain period of boll
显著水平 level of significance
W	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
N	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**
W×N	ns	ns	*	ns	*

处理 Treat- ment	叶面积指数 leaf area index
处理 Treat- ment	蕾期 Bud period	盛花期 Full flowe- ring	初铃期 Initial period of boll	盛铃期 To contain period of boll	吐絮期 Floccul ation period
显著水平 Level of significance
W	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
N	^**	^**	^**	*	^**
W×N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

处理 Treat- ment	叶面积指数 leaf area index
处理 Treat- ment	蕾期 Bud period	盛花期 Full flowe- ring	初铃期 Initial period of boll	盛铃期 To contain period of boll	吐絮期 Floccul ation period
显著水平 Level of significance
W	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
N	^**	^**	^**	*	^**
W×N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

处理 Treat- ment	茎粗Stem thick
处理 Treat- ment	蕾期 Bud period	初花期 Initial flowe- ring	盛花期 Full flowe- ring	初铃期 Initial period of boll	盛铃期 To contain period of boll
显著水平 Level of significance
W	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**
N	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
W×N	*	*	ns	*	*

新疆滴灌机采棉生长及产量的最佳水氮组合

Optimum water and nitrogen combination for growth and yield of drip-irrigated cotton in Xinjiang

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Metrics

处理 Treatment		籽棉产量 Raw cotton yield(Kg/ha)	单株成铃数 The bell number per plant(个)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Fibre optic tube yield(%)
W₁	N₀	5 674.65±93.75^e	6.93±0.39^de	5.41±0.31^c	42.87±2.22^a
	N₁	5 885.85±123.00^cde	7.11±0.19^cde	5.53±0.10^bc	42.78±2.22^a
	N₂	6 010.05±58.65^bcd	7.43±0.36^abcd	5.92±0.11^a	41.89±0.60^ab
	N₃	5 765.10±74.85^e	7.43±0.81^abcd	5.75±0.02^ab	42.56±0.22^ab
W₂	N₀	5 844.60±23.40^cde	7.16±0.21^cde	5.31±0.04^c	39.81±2.22^b
	N₁	6 128.55±76.80^ab	7.58±0.42^abcd	5.37±0.07^c	39.83±1.78^b
	N₂	6 287.40±38.85^a	8.04±0.29^a	5.83±0.03^ab	40.14±2.61^ab
	N₃	6 059.25±87.30^bc	7.48±0.16^abcd	5.58±0.04^bc	41.61±1.66^ab
W₃	N₀	5 799.60±53.55^de	7.21±0.26^bcd	5.30±0.13^c	42.66±0.70^ab
	N₁	5 802.90±63.30^de	7.77±0.51^abc	5.38±0.12^c	42.13±0.50^ab
	N₂	6 173.70±103.35^ab	7.90±0.56^ab	5.78±0.03^ab	41.56±1.72^ab
	N₃	5 742.60±35.70^e	6.51±0.25^e	5.52±0.09^bc	42.63±0.70^ab
显著水平 Level of significance	W	*	ns	ns	ns
	N	*	^**	*	ns
	W×N	ns	ns	ns	ns

处理 Treatment		耗水量 ET (mm)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg/m³)	氮肥偏生产力 PFPN (kg/kg)
W₁	N₀	459.73^a	1.23^bc
	N₁	461.53^a	1.27^a	34.86^b
	N₂	462.74^a	1.30^a	25.04^d
	N₃	463.34^a	1.24^b	18.48^f
平均值Average	AVG	461.84	1.26	26.13
W₂	N₀	516.83^b	1.13^e
	N₁	518.04^b	1.18^d	36.48^a
	N₂	519.24^b	1.21^c	26.20^c
	N₃	519.73^b	1.17^d	19.42^e
平均值Average	AVG	518.46	1.17	27.37
W₃	N₀	573.78^c	1.01^g
	N₁	575.04^c	1.01^g	34.54^b
	N₂	576.06^c	1.07^f	25.72^c
	N₃	576.84^c	1.00^g	18.41^f
平均值Average	AVG	575.43	1.02	26.22
显著水平 Level of significance	W	^**	^**	^**
	N	^**	^**	ns
	W×N	ns	ns	ns

η	回归方程Regression equation	W(m³/hm²)	N(kg/hm²)	η_max	R²	P
籽棉产量 Yield(η₁)	Y=-6238.62+5.439W-7.6×10^-4W²+23.381N-5.11 ×10^-2N²+1.72×10^-4WN	3 604.86	234.84	6 310.24	0.840	0.040
水分利用效率 WUE(η₂)	水分利用效率=0.626+2.53×10^-4W-6.6×10^-8W²+ 4.221×10^-3N-9.5×10^-6N²+6.21×10^-8WN	3 500	233.60	1.22	0.989	0.001
氮肥偏生产力 PFPN(η₃)	氮肥偏生产力=26.801+2.4×10^-2W-3.4×10^-6W²-2.49 ×10^-1N+2.66×10^-4N²+1.825×10^-6WN	3 594	240	26.28	0.996	0.000

η	90%η_max		80%η_max
η	灌水量 Irrigation amount (m³/hm²)	施氮量 N rate(kg/hm²)	灌水量 Irrigation amount (m³/hm²)	施氮量 N rate(kg/hm²)
籽棉产量Yield(η₁)	3 600~4 200	225~234	3 475~4 050	225~300
水分利用效率WUE(η₂)	3 400~3 750	233~312	3 050~3 950	275~300
氮肥偏生产力PFPN(η₃)	3 400~3 594	250~292	3 400~4 000	250~312

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