缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉冠层结构、光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (5): 1110-1117.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.009

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉冠层结构、光合特性及产量的影响

申莹莹(), 张巨松(), 彭增莹, 段松江, 李宗润, 吴一帆

新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2022-09-27 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-22
通信作者: 张巨松(1963-),男,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为棉花高产栽培与生理生态,(E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
作者简介:申莹莹(1997-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)840594780@qq.com
基金资助:
国家科技部重点研发项目“机采棉高效化控技术集成与应用”(2020YFD1001003);2021年度新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目(XJAUGRI2021007)

Effects of the compound topping agent of DPC on the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of machine-picked cotton

SHEN Yingying(), ZHANG Jusong(), PENG Zengying, DUAN Songjiang, LI Zongrun, WU Yifan

Cotton Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education and Rural Affairs of the P.R.C.,/College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China

Received:2022-09-27 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-22
Correspondence author: ZHANG Jusong (1963-), male, Professor, Master, Research area: high yield cultivation and physiology of cotton. (E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
Supported by:
Key R&D Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology "Integration and Application of High-Efficiency Control Technology for Machine-Picked Cotton"(2020YFD1001003);Graduate Research and Innovation Project of Xinjiang Agricultural University in 2021(XJAUGRI2021007)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉冠层结构、光合特性及产量的影响。【方法】2021年以新陆中88号为材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,二因素为缩节胺和打顶处理,缩节胺包括2个水平,喷施缩节胺(H₁)和不喷施缩节胺(H₀);打顶包括3个水平,打顶剂喷施(D₁)、人工打顶(D₂)和不打顶(D₃)。【结果】在各处理中H₁处理较H₀处理可以显著提高棉花的平均叶簇倾角、群体散射辐射透过系数、叶绿素SPAD值和净光合速率,增幅分别为16.0%、25.5%、8.9%、18.1%;D₁处理较D₂处理可以显著提高棉花的叶面积指数、平均叶簇倾角、群体散射辐射透过系数、叶绿素SPAD值和净光合速率,增幅分别为16.9%、11.0%、16.1%、3.2%、10.9%;H₁处理较H₀处理单株结铃数、单铃重分别增加了43%、9.8%,存在显著差异;D₁处理单株结铃数较D₂、D₃处理,分别平均增加了9.2%、31.9%,单铃重分别平均增加了4.0%、11.7%。棉花的籽棉产量以H₀D₃处理最低,为3 350.7 kg/hm²,H₁D₁处理最高,为7 023.6 kg/hm²,H₁D₁处理较H₀D₃处理的籽棉产量增加了109.6%,各处理籽棉产量整体表现为D₁>D₂>D₃。H₁处理较H₀处理的籽棉产量、皮棉产量分别平均增加了42.6%、42.3%。【结论】选用缩节胺复配打顶剂进行全程化学调控,可以塑造适宜机采棉采收的合理冠层结构和光合特性并提高棉花的产量,还可降低生产成本,增加植棉效益。

关键词: 缩节胺; 打顶剂; 机采棉; 冠层结构; 光合特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To reveal the effect of DPC compound topping agent on the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of machine-picked cotton.【Methods】 In 2021, Xinluzhong No.88 was used as the material, and a two-factor split zone test design was adopted.The two factors were amine and topping treatment.The amine included two levels.Spraying amine (H₁) and no spray amine (H₀); topping included 3 levels, topping agent spray (D1), artificial topping (D₂) and no topping (D₃).【Results】 Compared with H₀ treatment, H₁ treatment could significantly increase the average leaf cluster inclination, colony scattered radiation transmission coefficient, chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of cotton, and the increase rates were: 16.0%, 25.5%, 8.9% and 18.1%, respectively; Compared with D₂ treatment, D₁ treatment could significantly increase the leaf area index, average leaf cluster inclination, colony scattered radiation transmission coefficient, chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of cotton, the increase rates were: 16.9%, 11.0%, 16.1%, 3.2%, 10.9%; Compared with H₀ treatment, the number of bolls per plant and boll weight per plant increased by 43% and 9.8%, respectively, with significant differences; The number of bolls per plant in D₁ treatment increased 9.2% and 31.9% on average compared with that of D₂ and D₃; The weight of single boll increased by 4.0% and 11.7%, respectively; The yield of seed cotton in H₀D₃ treatment was the lowest, 3,350.7 kg/hm², and the highest in H₁D₁ treatment, 7,023.6 kg/hm².Compared with H₀D₃, the yield of seed cotton in H₁D₁ treatment increased by 109.6%.The overall performance of seed cotton in each treatment was D₁ >D₂>D₃.Compared with H₀ treatment, the yield of seed cotton and lint cotton in H₁ treatment increased by 42.6% and 42.3% respectively.【Conclusion】 Choosing a compound topping agent of DPC for full chemical control can shape a reasonable canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics suitable for machine-picked cotton harvesting and increase cotton yield, which can provide a reference for the light-simplified cultivation of machine-picked cotton and reduce production costs and increase cotton planting benefits as well.

Key words: methymine; topping agent; machine-picked cotton; canopy structure; photosynthetic characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S562

申莹莹, 张巨松, 彭增莹, 段松江, 李宗润, 吴一帆. 缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉冠层结构、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1110-1117.

SHEN Yingying, ZHANG Jusong, PENG Zengying, DUAN Songjiang, LI Zongrun, WU Yifan. Effects of the compound topping agent of DPC on the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of machine-picked cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1110-1117.

图/表 7

表1 土壤基础肥力

Tab.1 Basic soil fertility

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	pH值 pH value	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	水解性氮 Hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg)
0~10	7.65	0.42	8.26	35.0	26.3	83
10~20	7.60	0.49	7.65	66.4	32.9	89
20~30	7.64	0.46	7.08	44.4	32.0	87
30~40	7.66	0.30	5.90	40.6	16.6	103
40~50	7.57	0.24	4.24	35.0	7.3	138
50~60	7.67	0.25	4.06	51.7	26.6	145

图1 缩节胺复配打顶剂下棉花叶面积指数变化

Fig.1 The effect of the compound topping agent of DPC on cotton leaf area index of machine-picked cotton

图2 缩节胺复配打顶剂下机采棉平均叶簇倾角变化

Fig.2 The effect of the compound topping agent of DPC on the average leaf inclination angle of machine-picked cotton

图3 缩节胺复配打顶剂下机采棉散射辐射透过系数变化

Fig.3 The effect of the compound topping agent of DPC on the transmission coefficient of the scattered radiation of machine-picked cotton

图4 缩节胺复配打顶剂下机采棉SAPD值变化

Fig.4 The effect of the compound topping agent of DPC on the SAPD value of machine-picked cotton

图5 缩节胺复配打顶剂下机采棉净光合速率变化

Fig.5 The effect of the compound topping agent of DPC on the net photosynthetic rate of machine-picked cotton

表2 缩节胺复配打顶剂下机采棉产量及产量构成变化

Tab.2 The effect of the compound topping agent of DPC on cotton yield and its composition of machine-picked cotton

化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个)	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²⁾	皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm²⁾
H₁	D₁	5.3^a	5.5^a	45.1^a	7 023.6^a	3 167.7^a
	D₂	5.0^b	5.3^b	44.9^a	6 297.3^b	2 827.5^b
	D₃	4.1^c	4.9^c	45.7^a	4 803.0^c	2 195.0^c
H₀	D₁	4.2^c	5.0^c	45.4^a	5 076.0^c	2 304.5^c
	D₂	3.7^d	4.8^c	44.0^a	4 284.6^d	1 885.2^d
	D₃	3.1^e	4.5^d	46.7^a	3 350.7^e	1 564.8^e
H		**	**	NS	**	**
D		**	**	NS	**	**
H×D		NS	**	NS	NS	*

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缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉冠层结构、光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of the compound topping agent of DPC on the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of machine-picked cotton

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