缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉株型塑造和棉铃分布的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 790-797.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.002

缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉株型塑造和棉铃分布的影响

申莹莹¹(), 张巨松¹(), 彭增莹¹, 李宗润¹, 段松江¹, 吴一帆¹, 郭仁松²

1.新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-09-22 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-05-06
通信作者: 张巨松(1963-),男,教授,江苏人,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为棉花高产栽培与生理生态,(E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
作者简介:申莹莹(1997-),女,硕士研究生,河北邯郸人,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)840594780@qq.com
基金资助:
国家科技部重点研发项目“机采棉高效化控技术集成与应用”(2020YFD1001003);2021年度新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目(XJAUGRI2021007)

The effect of the compound topping agent of DPC on the plant shape and boll distribution of machine-picked cotton

SHEN Yingying¹(), ZHANG Jusong¹(), PENG Zengying¹, LI Zongrun¹, DUAN Songjiang¹, WU Yifan¹, GUO Rensong²

1. Cotton Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education and Rural Affairs of the P.R.C., / College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2022-09-22 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-05-06
Correspondence author: ZHANG Jusong(1963-), male, professor. Research area: physiology and ecology of high yield cultivation in cotton, (E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
Supported by:
Key R&D Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology “Integration and Application of High-Efficiency Control Technology for Machine-Picked Cotton”(2020YFD1001003);Xinjiang Agricultural University Graduate Research and Innovation Project of the Year 2021(XJAUGRI2021007)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉株型塑造和棉铃分布的影响。【方法】2021年以新陆中88号为材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,因素为缩节胺和打顶处理,缩节胺2个水平,喷施缩节胺(H₁)和不喷施缩节胺(H₀);打顶3个水平,打顶剂喷施(D₁)、人工打顶(D₂)和不打顶(D₃)。研究缩节胺复配打顶剂对棉花株高、主茎日增长量、茎粗、主茎节间数、节间长度、果枝数、果枝长度干物质积累与分配及产量构成的影响。【结果】随着缩节胺的喷施,棉花株高、主茎日增长量、果枝长度、果枝夹角及株宽呈降低趋势,打顶剂喷施可以抑制棉花顶部的生长,并起到免打顶的作用。缩节胺复配打顶剂可以塑造适宜机采的棉花株型。缩节胺复配打顶剂可以更好的将棉花的生殖生长向营养生长转移,增加棉花营养器官的重量,提高棉花的产量。喷施缩节胺处理伏前桃个数显著高于处理不喷施缩节胺处理,增幅为43.3%。各打顶处理间伏前桃个数无显著差异。各处理的伏桃个数以打顶剂喷施处理最高,不打顶处理最低,棉花的秋桃个数以不打顶处理最低,人工打顶处理最高。喷施缩节胺和打顶剂均可以显著增加棉铃数量,提高棉花产量。【结论】喷施缩节胺和打顶剂会显著影响棉花适宜机采的农艺性状,影响棉花株型塑造及棉铃分布,在生产中使用缩节胺和打顶剂相结合,可以提高棉花产量。

关键词: 缩节胺; 打顶剂; 机采棉; 株型塑造; 产量形成

Abstract:

【Objective】To reveal the effect of DPC compound topping agent on machine-picked cotton plant shape shaping and cotton boll distribution.【Methods】In 2021, Xinluzhong No. 88 was used as the material, and a two-factor split zone test design was adopted, which were amine and topping treatment. The amine included two levels: spraying amine (H₁) and amine without sparing (H₀); topping included 3 levels: topping agent spray (D₁), artificial topping (D₂) and no topping (D₃). In the experiments, the effects of the compound topping agent of methyramine were studied such as on cotton plant height, main stem daily growth, stem thickness, number of main stem nodes, internode length, fruit branch number, fruit branch length, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield composition. 【Results】With the spraying of methenamine, the cotton plant height, main stem daily growth, fruit branch length, fruit branch angle and plant width showed a decreasing trend. The spraying of topping agent could inhibit the growth of the top of the cotton and avoid topping treatment. The compound topping agent of methenamine could shape the cotton plant type suitable for machine harvesting. Methionin compound topping agent could better transfer the reproductive growth of cotton to vegetative growth, increase the weight of cotton vegetative organs, thus increasing the yield of cotton. The number of peaches before the treatment with benzalkonium spray was significantly higher than that without the treatment with benzalkonium spray, with an increase of 43.3%. There was no significant difference in the number of peaches before the topping treatment. The number of peaches in each treatment reached the highest by spraying with topping agent and lowest without topping. The number of autumn peaches in cotton was lowest by non-topping treatment and highest by artificial topping. Both spraying amine and topping agent could significantly increase the number of cotton bolls, thereby increasing cotton yield. 【Conclusion】The spraying of methyramine and topping agent will significantly affect the agronomic characteristics of cotton suitable for machine harvesting, and affect the shape of cotton plant type and the distribution of cotton bolls. In production, it is recommended to use methyramine and topping agent in combination, which can not only increase cotton production.

Key words: methenamine; topping agent; machine-harvested cotton; plant shape shaping; boll distribution

中图分类号:

S562

申莹莹, 张巨松, 彭增莹, 李宗润, 段松江, 吴一帆, 郭仁松. 缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉株型塑造和棉铃分布的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 790-797.

SHEN Yingying, ZHANG Jusong, PENG Zengying, LI Zongrun, DUAN Songjiang, WU Yifan, GUO Rensong. The effect of the compound topping agent of DPC on the plant shape and boll distribution of machine-picked cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(4): 790-797.

图/表 6

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化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	主茎节间长度 Internode length (cm)			果枝台数 Number fruit branch	无效果枝数 Number of ineffective branches			始果节高 Branch high envoy (cm)
化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	上 Above	中 Middle	下 Below	果枝台数 Number fruit branch	上 Above	中 Middle	下 Below	始果节高 Branch high envoy (cm)
H₁	D₁	4.0^c	6.1^c	5.4^c	11.6^d	2.4^d	0.6^b	0.2^b	20.2^a
	D₂	5.6^b	7.5^b	6.0^bc	10.8^f	0.4^e	0.8^ab	0.4^ab	18.4^a
	D₃	4.9^bc	7.4^b	7.2^ab	12.8^c	3.8^c	1.4^ab	1.0^ab	19.0^a
H₀	D₁	4.8^bc	6.9^bc	5.5^c	15.8^b	5.2^b	1.2^ab	0.8^ab	18.3^a
	D₂	7.9^a	8.8^a	6.1^bc	11.4^e	2.4^d	1.6^ab	1.0^ab	17.8^a
	D₃	7.7^a	7.8^ab	7.8^a	16.4^a	6.2^a	1.8^a	1.2^a	18.6^a
H		^**	^*	NS	^**	^**	^*	^*	NS
D		^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	NS	NS	NS
H×D		NS	NS	NS	^**	NS	NS	NS	NS

化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	主茎节间长度 Internode length (cm)			果枝台数 Number fruit branch	无效果枝数 Number of ineffective branches			始果节高 Branch high envoy (cm)
化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	上 Above	中 Middle	下 Below	果枝台数 Number fruit branch	上 Above	中 Middle	下 Below	始果节高 Branch high envoy (cm)
H₁	D₁	4.0^c	6.1^c	5.4^c	11.6^d	2.4^d	0.6^b	0.2^b	20.2^a
	D₂	5.6^b	7.5^b	6.0^bc	10.8^f	0.4^e	0.8^ab	0.4^ab	18.4^a
	D₃	4.9^bc	7.4^b	7.2^ab	12.8^c	3.8^c	1.4^ab	1.0^ab	19.0^a
H₀	D₁	4.8^bc	6.9^bc	5.5^c	15.8^b	5.2^b	1.2^ab	0.8^ab	18.3^a
	D₂	7.9^a	8.8^a	6.1^bc	11.4^e	2.4^d	1.6^ab	1.0^ab	17.8^a
	D₃	7.7^a	7.8^ab	7.8^a	16.4^a	6.2^a	1.8^a	1.2^a	18.6^a
H		^**	^*	NS	^**	^**	^*	^*	NS
D		^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	NS	NS	NS
H×D		NS	NS	NS	^**	NS	NS	NS	NS

化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	果枝长度 Fruit branch length (cm)			果枝夹角(度) Fruit branchangle			株宽 Plant width (cm)
化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	上 Above	中 Middle	下 Below	上 Above	中 Middle	下 Below	株宽 Plant width (cm)
H₁	D₁	4.4^d	11.0^c	15.7^c	50.7^d	51.7^c	51.4^d	40.8^d
	D₂	12.3^b	17.8^bc	17.9^bc	58.3^ab	56.7^b	54.5^bcd	55.6^b
	D₃	7.1^cd	14.4^bc	26.9^a	55.5^bc	60.5^a	56.5^abc	50.3^c
H₀	D₁	10.4^bc	15.7^bc	18.3^bc	54.2^cd	52.9^c	52.1^cd	43.8^d
	D₂	20.3^a	29.7^a	22.2^ab	59.7^a	57.8^ab	59.5^a	60.1^a
	D₃	13.5^b	21.3^b	27.8^a	56.8^abc	61.1^a	57.1^ab	54.9^b
H		^**	^**	NS	NS	NS	NS	^**
D		^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
H×D		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	果枝长度 Fruit branch length (cm)			果枝夹角(度) Fruit branchangle			株宽 Plant width (cm)
化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	上 Above	中 Middle	下 Below	上 Above	中 Middle	下 Below	株宽 Plant width (cm)
H₁	D₁	4.4^d	11.0^c	15.7^c	50.7^d	51.7^c	51.4^d	40.8^d
	D₂	12.3^b	17.8^bc	17.9^bc	58.3^ab	56.7^b	54.5^bcd	55.6^b
	D₃	7.1^cd	14.4^bc	26.9^a	55.5^bc	60.5^a	56.5^abc	50.3^c
H₀	D₁	10.4^bc	15.7^bc	18.3^bc	54.2^cd	52.9^c	52.1^cd	43.8^d
	D₂	20.3^a	29.7^a	22.2^ab	59.7^a	57.8^ab	59.5^a	60.1^a
	D₃	13.5^b	21.3^b	27.8^a	56.8^abc	61.1^a	57.1^ab	54.9^b
H		^**	^**	NS	NS	NS	NS	^**
D		^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
H×D		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	横向分布 Horizontal distribution		纵向分布 Vertical distribution
化控处理 Chemical control processing	打顶方式 Topping mode	内围铃 Inner bell	外围铃 Peripheral bell	上部铃 Upper bell	中部铃 Central bell	下部铃 Lower bell
H₁	D₁	7.2^a	0.6^bc	1.0^ab	3.6^a	3.2^a
	D₂	5.8^b	1.4^a	1.6^a	2.8^b	2.8^ab
	D₃	4.4^c	0.6^bc	0.4^bc	2.4^bc	2.4^bc
H₀	D₁	6.0^bc	0.4^bc	0.4^bc	2.8^bc	2.8^ab
	D₂	4.4^c	1.0^ab	1.0^ab	2.2^bc	2.2^bc
	D₃	4.0^c	0.2^c	0.2^c	2.0^c	2.0^c
H		^**	NS	^*	^**	^*
D		^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
H×D		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉株型塑造和棉铃分布的影响

The effect of the compound topping agent of DPC on the plant shape and boll distribution of machine-picked cotton

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