新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 11-19.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.002
• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇 下一篇
收稿日期:
2021-01-17
出版日期:
2022-01-20
发布日期:
2022-02-18
通信作者:
张巨松
作者简介:
何庆雨(1997-),男,安徽人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail) 1145515890@qq.com
基金资助:
HE Qingyu(), ZHANG Jusong(), DAI Jianmin, DOU Qiaoqiao, XIE Ling
Received:
2021-01-17
Online:
2022-01-20
Published:
2022-02-18
Correspondence author:
ZHANG Jusong
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究干旱复水背景下的化学调控棉花增产稳产可行性,为农业植棉生产提供理论指导。【方法】模拟田间干旱背景条件,采用裂区设计,主区设置人工打顶与化学封顶2种打顶方式,副区设置干旱复水后3、6、9 d喷施低量缩节胺和无缩节胺喷施对照处理,分析延迟化控条件下,棉花的株型结构及产量变化。【结果】棉花的株高、主茎节间长度、果枝长度、倒四叶叶面积、株宽横截面面积及籽棉产量均与喷施缩节胺延迟天数呈负相关,延迟6 d缩节胺处理棉花相较于延迟9 d处理和对照处理增产显著,株型更为紧凑,在棉花茎粗、果枝夹角等指标上优于延迟3 d处理,可有效防止棉花早衰。相较于人工打顶,化学封顶提高了棉花主茎叶片数、倒四叶叶面积、伏桃个数和籽棉产量,在棉花株高及其他农艺指标上与人工打顶差异不显著。【结论】棉花蕾期受干旱胁迫后,适当延迟6 d喷施低量缩节胺,采用化学封顶,能够激发受干旱胁迫后棉花的补偿效应,最大限度的发挥棉花增产稳产的潜力,棉花产量最高。
中图分类号:
何庆雨, 张巨松, 代建敏, 窦巧巧, 谢玲. 延迟化控对干旱复水后棉花株型塑造及产量构成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(1): 11-19.
HE Qingyu, ZHANG Jusong, DAI Jianmin, DOU Qiaoqiao, XIE Ling. Effects of Delayed Chemical Control on the Shaping of Plant Type and Yield Composition after Drought and Rehydration in Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(1): 11-19.
土层深度 Soil depth(cm) | 日期(M/D) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5/25 | 5/28 | 5/31 | 6/3 | 6/6 | 6/9 | 6/12 | 6/15 | 6/18 | 6/21 | |
0~20 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.1 | - | 14.8 | 18.3 | 14.3 |
20~40 | 12.0 | 11.6 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 11.0 | - | 18.4 | 21.8 | 17.1 |
均值 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.6 | - | 16.6 | 20.1 | 15.7 |
表1 蕾期棉田土壤含水率
Table 1 Situation of soil moisture content in bud stage in cotton field
土层深度 Soil depth(cm) | 日期(M/D) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5/25 | 5/28 | 5/31 | 6/3 | 6/6 | 6/9 | 6/12 | 6/15 | 6/18 | 6/21 | |
0~20 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.1 | - | 14.8 | 18.3 | 14.3 |
20~40 | 12.0 | 11.6 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 11.0 | - | 18.4 | 21.8 | 17.1 |
均值 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.6 | - | 16.6 | 20.1 | 15.7 |
图1 延迟化控下干旱后棉花株高及主茎日增长量变化 注:CK:无缩节胺对照处理;D3:延迟3 d喷施DPC;D6:延迟6 d喷施DPC;D9:延迟9 d喷施DPC;下同
Fig.1 Effect of chemical control delaying on height and height increasing value in cotton after drought Note: CK: Contrast Treatment without DPC; D3: Spraying DPC 3 days later; D6: Spraying DPC 6 days later; D9: Spraying DPC 9 days later; the same as below
打顶方式 Topping mode | 处理 Treat ment | 主茎叶片数 Number leaves (个) | 主茎节 间长度 Internode length (cm) | 果枝台数 Number fruit branch (台) | 果枝长度 Fruit branch length (cm) | 果枝夹角 Fruit branch angle (度) | 始果枝高度 Branch high envoy (cm) | 始果枝节位 Starting fruit node (节) | 倒四叶 叶面积 Top tourth leaf area (cm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
人工打顶 Manual topping | CK | 15.4±1.3a | 6.6±0.4a | 9.7±1.7a | 11.9±1.9a | 60.5±0.5a | 21.6±3.8a | 5.9±0.6a | 74.5±0.7a |
D3 | 15.5±1.1a | 5.6±0.4b | 10.3±0.7a | 7.3±1.8d | 56.3±1.1b | 18.5±1.7a | 5.9±0.7a | 55.1±0.1d | |
D6 | 15.3±0.9a | 5.5±0.2b | 10.1±0.7a | 9.3±1.3bcd | 51.8±1.6c | 18.8±0.6a | 5.6±0.8a | 68.6±2.0b | |
D9 | 15.5±0.8a | 5.8±0.1b | 10.3±0.7a | 11.1±0.5ab | 58±1.1b | 19.9±2.9a | 5.9±0.9a | 60.2±0.8c | |
化学封顶 Chemical capping | CK | 16.9±1.2a | 7.1±0.2a | 10.1±1.3a | 12.3±1.2a | 61.4±2.5a | 19.5±1.6a | 5.8±1.0a | 78.5±0.4ab |
D3 | 16±0.8a | 4.9±0.2c | 10.3±0.8a | 8.6±0.3cd | 57.1±0.9b | 20.5±2.3a | 5.6±0.1a | 73.4±2.0b | |
D6 | 16.2±1.5a | 6±0.2b | 10.3±1.1a | 10.9±0.2abc | 51.5±0.9c | 18.8±2.8a | 5.8±0.4a | 74.9±2.8b | |
D9 | 16.3±1.2a | 6±0.5b | 10.4±1.1a | 9.3±1.3bcd | 56.1±0.9b | 20.3±1.4a | 5.6±0.5a | 82±1.4a |
表2 延迟化控下干旱后棉花主要农艺性状变化
Table 2 Effect of chemical control delaying on agronomic traits in cotton after drought
打顶方式 Topping mode | 处理 Treat ment | 主茎叶片数 Number leaves (个) | 主茎节 间长度 Internode length (cm) | 果枝台数 Number fruit branch (台) | 果枝长度 Fruit branch length (cm) | 果枝夹角 Fruit branch angle (度) | 始果枝高度 Branch high envoy (cm) | 始果枝节位 Starting fruit node (节) | 倒四叶 叶面积 Top tourth leaf area (cm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
人工打顶 Manual topping | CK | 15.4±1.3a | 6.6±0.4a | 9.7±1.7a | 11.9±1.9a | 60.5±0.5a | 21.6±3.8a | 5.9±0.6a | 74.5±0.7a |
D3 | 15.5±1.1a | 5.6±0.4b | 10.3±0.7a | 7.3±1.8d | 56.3±1.1b | 18.5±1.7a | 5.9±0.7a | 55.1±0.1d | |
D6 | 15.3±0.9a | 5.5±0.2b | 10.1±0.7a | 9.3±1.3bcd | 51.8±1.6c | 18.8±0.6a | 5.6±0.8a | 68.6±2.0b | |
D9 | 15.5±0.8a | 5.8±0.1b | 10.3±0.7a | 11.1±0.5ab | 58±1.1b | 19.9±2.9a | 5.9±0.9a | 60.2±0.8c | |
化学封顶 Chemical capping | CK | 16.9±1.2a | 7.1±0.2a | 10.1±1.3a | 12.3±1.2a | 61.4±2.5a | 19.5±1.6a | 5.8±1.0a | 78.5±0.4ab |
D3 | 16±0.8a | 4.9±0.2c | 10.3±0.8a | 8.6±0.3cd | 57.1±0.9b | 20.5±2.3a | 5.6±0.1a | 73.4±2.0b | |
D6 | 16.2±1.5a | 6±0.2b | 10.3±1.1a | 10.9±0.2abc | 51.5±0.9c | 18.8±2.8a | 5.8±0.4a | 74.9±2.8b | |
D9 | 16.3±1.2a | 6±0.5b | 10.4±1.1a | 9.3±1.3bcd | 56.1±0.9b | 20.3±1.4a | 5.6±0.5a | 82±1.4a |
打顶方式 Topping mode | 处理 Treat ment | 收获株数 Plant number (104株/hm2) | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个) | 单铃重 Single boll weight (g) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
人工打顶 Manual topping | CK | 24.7a | 4.3b | 5.3c | 45.0a | 5 602.7d | 2 523.9c |
D3 | 24.1a | 4.7ab | 5.5ab | 45.8a | 6 220.9bcd | 2 844.3ab | |
D6 | 24.8a | 5.0a | 5.5bc | 45.4a | 6 884.3ab | 3 128.9a | |
D9 | 24.4a | 4.9a | 5.7ab | 45.4a | 6 733.7abc | 3 058.6a | |
化学封顶 Chemical capping | CK | 24.2a | 4.5ab | 5.5abc | 44.7a | 6 008.4cd | 2 701.0bc |
D3 | 24.5a | 4.9a | 5.7a | 45.2a | 6 915.5ab | 3 121.6a | |
D6 | 24.2a | 5.1a | 5.7ab | 45.1a | 7 033.0a | 3 169.8a | |
D9 | 24.7a | 4.7ab | 5.6ab | 45.5a | 6 496.9abc | 2 949.9ab |
表3 延迟化控下干旱后棉花产量及产量构成变化
Table 3 Effect of chemical control delaying on yield and yield components under drought in cotton
打顶方式 Topping mode | 处理 Treat ment | 收获株数 Plant number (104株/hm2) | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个) | 单铃重 Single boll weight (g) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
人工打顶 Manual topping | CK | 24.7a | 4.3b | 5.3c | 45.0a | 5 602.7d | 2 523.9c |
D3 | 24.1a | 4.7ab | 5.5ab | 45.8a | 6 220.9bcd | 2 844.3ab | |
D6 | 24.8a | 5.0a | 5.5bc | 45.4a | 6 884.3ab | 3 128.9a | |
D9 | 24.4a | 4.9a | 5.7ab | 45.4a | 6 733.7abc | 3 058.6a | |
化学封顶 Chemical capping | CK | 24.2a | 4.5ab | 5.5abc | 44.7a | 6 008.4cd | 2 701.0bc |
D3 | 24.5a | 4.9a | 5.7a | 45.2a | 6 915.5ab | 3 121.6a | |
D6 | 24.2a | 5.1a | 5.7ab | 45.1a | 7 033.0a | 3 169.8a | |
D9 | 24.7a | 4.7ab | 5.6ab | 45.5a | 6 496.9abc | 2 949.9ab |
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