新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (8): 1848-1857.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.004

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同生态区环境下春小麦干物质积累及产量形成分析

董艳雪1(), 贾永红2, 张金汕1, 李丹丹1, 王凯1, 罗四维1, 王润琪1, 石书兵1()   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台 831800
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-18 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-08-14
  • 通信作者: 石书兵(1966 - ),男,山东商河人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)ssb@xjau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:董艳雪(1998 - ),女,山东东营人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)dong15315525004@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目“春小麦高活力种子关键技术研究与示范”(XJEDU2021I011)

Effects of different ecological conditions on dry matter accumulation and yield of spring wheat varieties

DONG Yanxue1(), JIA Yonghong2, ZHANG Jinshan1, LI Dandan1, WANG Kai1, LUO Siwei1, WANG Runqi1, SHI Shubing1()   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
    2. Qitai Triticeae Crops Experiment Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China
  • Received:2022-12-18 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-14
  • Correspondence author: SHI Shubing (1966-), male, Shanghe Shandong, professor, doctoral supervisor, research direction is wheat high yield cultivation, (E-mail)ssb@xjau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Autonomous Region University Scientific Research Program“Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies for High Vitality Seeds of Spring Wheat”(XJEDU2021I011)

摘要:

【目的】研究新疆北疆不同生态区对春小麦干物质积累和产量形成的影响,为制定育种目标和实现春小麦高产优质提供参考。【方法】采用二因素试验设计,在新疆北疆奇台、木垒及塔城3个生态区种植新春44号、新春37号、新春48号、新春26号、宁春16号5个品种,研究不同生态区对春小麦叶面积指数、干物质积累和分配、产量构成因素及产量的影响。【结果】春小麦叶面积指数、营养生长阶段和生殖生长阶段干物质积累、籽粒灌浆库容量及产量表现为奇台最大。奇台各品种春小麦营养生长阶段干物质积累、生殖生长阶段干物质积累、籽粒灌浆库容量及产量分别比木垒提高26.73%、32.20%、11.66%和45.87%,较塔城提高21.33%、17.29%、1.17%和17.58%;灌浆速率为奇台最小,塔城次之、木垒最大。在奇台生态条件下,新春37号产量较其他品种高出0.92%~8.25%;在木垒生态条件下,新春37号产量较其他品种高6.14%~19.52%;在塔城生态条件下,新春44号产量较其他品种增大4.12%~19.64%。【结论】奇台生态区最适宜春小麦种植,奇台和木垒生态区宜种植新春37号,塔城生态区宜种植新春44号。

关键词: 春小麦; 生态区; 品种; 干物质积累; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different ecological conditions in northern Xinjiang on dry matter accumulation and yield formation of spring wheat, and provide a reference for formulating breeding goals and achieving high yield and high quality of spring wheat.【Methods】 A two-factor experimental design was adopted, 5 varieties: Xinchun 44, Xinchun 37, Xinchun 48, Xinchun 26 and Ningchun 16 were planted in three ecological conditions of Qitai area, Mulei area and Tacheng area, to study the effects of different ecological conditions on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield components and yield of spring wheat.【Results】 The leaf area index, dry matter accumulation in vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, grain filling capacity and yield of spring wheat were the largest in Qitai.The dry matter accumulation in vegetative growth stage, reproductive growth stage, grain filling sink capacity and yield of spring wheat varieties in Qitai were 26.73%, 32.20%, 11.66% and 45.87% higher than those in Mulei, 21.33%, 17.29%, 1.17% and 17.58% higher than those in Tacheng.The grouting rate was the smallest at Qitai, the second in Techeng, and the largest in Mulei.Under the ecological conditions of Qitai, the yield of Xinchun37 was 0.92%~8.25% higher than those of other varieties.Under Mulei ecological conditions, the yield of Xinchun37 was 6.14%~19.52% higher than those of other varieties.Under Tacheng ecological conditions, the yield of Xinchun44 increased by 4.12%~19.64% compared with other varieties.【Conclusion】 Variety characteristics and yield, spring wheat is the most suitable to be planted in Qitai ecological area, namely, Xinchun 37 should be planted in Qitai and Mulei ecological areas, and Xinchun 44 is appropriate to be planted in Tacheng ecological areas.

Key words: spring wheat; ecological area; varieties; dry matter accumulation; yield

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

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