新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (7): 1653-1662.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.011
严勇亮1(), 张恒2, 曲可佳3, 时晓磊1, 王兴州3, 张金波1, 丛花1()
收稿日期:
2022-09-20
出版日期:
2023-07-20
发布日期:
2023-07-11
通信作者:
丛花(1962-),女,新疆人,研究员,博士,研究方向为大豆遗传育种与高产栽培,(E-mail)huacong0924@126.com
作者简介:
严勇亮(1982-),男,甘肃人,副研究员,研究方向为大豆育种与高产栽培,(E-mail)yanliang198279@163.com
基金资助:
YAN Yongliang1(), ZHANG Heng2, QU Kejia3, SHI Xiaolei1, WANG Xingzhou3, ZHANG Jinbo1, CONG Hua1()
Received:
2022-09-20
Online:
2023-07-20
Published:
2023-07-11
Correspondence author:
CONG Hua (1962-), female, Xinjiang, researcher, mainly engaged in soybean genetic breeding and high-yield cultivation technology research,(E-mail)huacong0924@126.com
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】鉴定引进大豆品种(系)在新疆南疆地区的适应性和丰产性,为该地区麦茬复播大豆品种更新换代和推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】测定参加试验的27个大豆新品种(系)的农艺性状和产量,应用方差分析、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法综合鉴定评价。【结果】产量最高的品种为SC15-11,产量为266.995 kg/667m2,与对照相比增产47.872%。产量与单株粒数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与单株有效荚数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在欧式距离为5.00时可将所有材料分为3个类群,分别为高产、中产和低产品种。【结论】SC15-11、JO14和冀豆22等品种综合性状表现优,可在新疆南部地区试验种植。
中图分类号:
严勇亮, 张恒, 曲可佳, 时晓磊, 王兴州, 张金波, 丛花. 大豆不同品种农艺性状及产量的比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1653-1662.
YAN Yongliang, ZHANG Heng, QU Kejia, SHI Xiaolei, WANG Xingzhou, ZHANG Jinbo, CONG Hua. Comparative study on the agronomic traits and yields of different soybean varieties[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(7): 1653-1662.
名称 Name | 来源 Origin | 名称 Name | 来源 Origin | 名称 Name | 来源 Origin | 名称 Name | 来源 Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
合农77 Henong77 | 中国黑龙江 | 中黄30 Zhonghuang30 | 中国北京 | 齐农10号 Qinong10hao | 中国黑龙江 | JO39 | 中国广东 |
合农71 Henong71 | 中国黑龙江 | 冀豆22 Jidou22 | 中国河北 | 绥农56 Suinong56 | 中国黑龙江 | KF10 | 中国广东 |
齐农12 Qinong12 | 中国黑龙江 | 冀nf37 Ji nf37 | 中国河北 | 佳豆8 Jiadou8 | 中国黑龙江 | H15 | 中国广东 |
绥农5 Suinong5 | 中国黑龙江 | 陇中黄601 Longzhonghuang601 | 中国甘肃 | 花农39 Huanong39 | 中国黑龙江 | H13 | 中国广东 |
合农78 Henong78 | 中国黑龙江 | 陇豆277 Longdou277 | 中国甘肃 | 合农133 Henong133 | 中国黑龙江 | H12 | 中国广东 |
合农80 Henong80 | 中国黑龙江 | JO14 | 中国广东 | 东生108 Dongsheng108 | 中国吉林 | H91 | 中国广东 |
合农135 Henong135 | 中国黑龙江 | KF12 | 中国广东 | SC15-11 | 日本 |
表1 27 份大豆种质资源名称及来源
Tab.1 The name and origin of 27 soybean germplasms
名称 Name | 来源 Origin | 名称 Name | 来源 Origin | 名称 Name | 来源 Origin | 名称 Name | 来源 Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
合农77 Henong77 | 中国黑龙江 | 中黄30 Zhonghuang30 | 中国北京 | 齐农10号 Qinong10hao | 中国黑龙江 | JO39 | 中国广东 |
合农71 Henong71 | 中国黑龙江 | 冀豆22 Jidou22 | 中国河北 | 绥农56 Suinong56 | 中国黑龙江 | KF10 | 中国广东 |
齐农12 Qinong12 | 中国黑龙江 | 冀nf37 Ji nf37 | 中国河北 | 佳豆8 Jiadou8 | 中国黑龙江 | H15 | 中国广东 |
绥农5 Suinong5 | 中国黑龙江 | 陇中黄601 Longzhonghuang601 | 中国甘肃 | 花农39 Huanong39 | 中国黑龙江 | H13 | 中国广东 |
合农78 Henong78 | 中国黑龙江 | 陇豆277 Longdou277 | 中国甘肃 | 合农133 Henong133 | 中国黑龙江 | H12 | 中国广东 |
合农80 Henong80 | 中国黑龙江 | JO14 | 中国广东 | 东生108 Dongsheng108 | 中国吉林 | H91 | 中国广东 |
合农135 Henong135 | 中国黑龙江 | KF12 | 中国广东 | SC15-11 | 日本 |
品种 名称 Name | 百粒重 100-seed weight (g) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 底荚高度 Pod height at bottom (cm) | 有效分枝 Effective branch number | 单株有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 单株粒数 Seed number per plant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
合农77 Henong77 | 21.390cd | 55.100de | 10.567ab | 0.100c | 25.400cd | 0.733c | 73.767c |
合农71 Henong71 | 16.277g | 57.600de | 5.933b | 1.000c | 34.133bc | 1.607bc | 83.833bc |
合农133 Henong133 | 18.891e | 56.333de | 10.133ab | 3.133ab | 40.100bc | 1.900bc | 101.500b |
齐农12 Qinong12 | 24.185a | 53.750de | 7.835ab | 0.450c | 28.200cd | 0.500c | 76.900c |
绥农51 Suinong51 | 17.480f | 38.400e | 6.067b | 0.333c | 26.867cd | 1.167c | 80.733c |
合农78 Henong78 | 22.927b | 50.250de | 9.275ab | 0.250c | 21.350d | 0.500c | 63.300c |
合农80 Henong80 | 17.576f | 44.975e | 11.400a | 0.000c | 19.700d | 0.850c | 64.300c |
合农135 Henong135 | 17.290f | 35.517e | 6.400b | 0.600c | 35.067bc | 2.000bc | 84.200bc |
齐农10号 Qinong10hao | 17.545f | 41.000e | 7.600b | 0.433c | 26.767cd | 1.267c | 76.833c |
绥农56 Suinong56 | 20.817d | 46.533e | 6.633b | 1.533bc | 30.600cd | 1.467c | 75.133c |
中黄30(对照) Zhonghuang30(CK) | 21.893c | 71.000cd | 9.500ab | 0.333c | 25.667cd | 1.300c | 68.800c |
冀豆22 Jidou22 | 24.850a | 96.000b | 7.500b | 0.500c | 41.000bc | 1.500bc | 88.375bc |
陇中黄601 Longzhonghuang601 | 24.255a | 76.500c | 10.500ab | 2.450b | 48.400ab | 2.100bc | 88.717bc |
JO14 | 22.747bc | 73.000c | 9.667ab | 1.000c | 43.000bc | 0.667c | 97.667bc |
KF12 | 22.450bc | 70.000cd | 10.000ab | 1.000c | 57.500a | 3.500b | 89.900bc |
JO39 | 22.231bc | 76.000c | 5.500b | 1.500bc | 44.500b | 1.500bc | 90.500bc |
冀nf37 Ji nf37 | 21.981c | 89.330b | 10.333ab | 1.000c | 30.667cd | 0.333c | 85.667bc |
东生108 Dongsheng108 | 21.738c | 78.000c | 9.333ab | 0.000c | 36.667bc | 0.333c | 90.667bc |
陇豆277 Longdou277 | 20.340d | 93.500b | 6.500b | 1.500bc | 46.000ab | 1.500bc | 77.775c |
KF10 | 18.603e | 68.500cd | 9.500ab | 1.000c | 47.000ab | 2.000bc | 103.450ab |
佳豆8 Jiadou8 | 18.738e | 61.000d | 7.00b | 0.000c | 34.667bc | 0.667c | 95.333bc |
SC15-11 | 18.548e | 58.667d | 9.000ab | 4.000a | 47.000ab | 2.333bc | 120.000ab |
H15 | 18.492e | 108.667a | 7.333b | 1.667bc | 39.000bc | 6.333a | 95.333bc |
花农39 Huanong39 | 17.405f | 74.333c | 9.000ab | 3.667ab | 49.667ab | 1.333c | 124.000a |
H13 | 17.270fg | 94.333b | 8.000ab | 2.667b | 31.667cd | 7.000a | 86.667bc |
H12 | 17.009fg | 87.333bc | 7.667b | 0.667c | 35.333bc | 3.333b | 125.000a |
H91 | 16.460g | 103.000ab | 9.667ab | 4.333a | 33.667c | 6.000a | 117.000ab |
表2 大豆农艺性状与产量的方差
Tab.2 Analysis of variance of soybean agronomic traits and yield
品种 名称 Name | 百粒重 100-seed weight (g) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 底荚高度 Pod height at bottom (cm) | 有效分枝 Effective branch number | 单株有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 单株粒数 Seed number per plant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
合农77 Henong77 | 21.390cd | 55.100de | 10.567ab | 0.100c | 25.400cd | 0.733c | 73.767c |
合农71 Henong71 | 16.277g | 57.600de | 5.933b | 1.000c | 34.133bc | 1.607bc | 83.833bc |
合农133 Henong133 | 18.891e | 56.333de | 10.133ab | 3.133ab | 40.100bc | 1.900bc | 101.500b |
齐农12 Qinong12 | 24.185a | 53.750de | 7.835ab | 0.450c | 28.200cd | 0.500c | 76.900c |
绥农51 Suinong51 | 17.480f | 38.400e | 6.067b | 0.333c | 26.867cd | 1.167c | 80.733c |
合农78 Henong78 | 22.927b | 50.250de | 9.275ab | 0.250c | 21.350d | 0.500c | 63.300c |
合农80 Henong80 | 17.576f | 44.975e | 11.400a | 0.000c | 19.700d | 0.850c | 64.300c |
合农135 Henong135 | 17.290f | 35.517e | 6.400b | 0.600c | 35.067bc | 2.000bc | 84.200bc |
齐农10号 Qinong10hao | 17.545f | 41.000e | 7.600b | 0.433c | 26.767cd | 1.267c | 76.833c |
绥农56 Suinong56 | 20.817d | 46.533e | 6.633b | 1.533bc | 30.600cd | 1.467c | 75.133c |
中黄30(对照) Zhonghuang30(CK) | 21.893c | 71.000cd | 9.500ab | 0.333c | 25.667cd | 1.300c | 68.800c |
冀豆22 Jidou22 | 24.850a | 96.000b | 7.500b | 0.500c | 41.000bc | 1.500bc | 88.375bc |
陇中黄601 Longzhonghuang601 | 24.255a | 76.500c | 10.500ab | 2.450b | 48.400ab | 2.100bc | 88.717bc |
JO14 | 22.747bc | 73.000c | 9.667ab | 1.000c | 43.000bc | 0.667c | 97.667bc |
KF12 | 22.450bc | 70.000cd | 10.000ab | 1.000c | 57.500a | 3.500b | 89.900bc |
JO39 | 22.231bc | 76.000c | 5.500b | 1.500bc | 44.500b | 1.500bc | 90.500bc |
冀nf37 Ji nf37 | 21.981c | 89.330b | 10.333ab | 1.000c | 30.667cd | 0.333c | 85.667bc |
东生108 Dongsheng108 | 21.738c | 78.000c | 9.333ab | 0.000c | 36.667bc | 0.333c | 90.667bc |
陇豆277 Longdou277 | 20.340d | 93.500b | 6.500b | 1.500bc | 46.000ab | 1.500bc | 77.775c |
KF10 | 18.603e | 68.500cd | 9.500ab | 1.000c | 47.000ab | 2.000bc | 103.450ab |
佳豆8 Jiadou8 | 18.738e | 61.000d | 7.00b | 0.000c | 34.667bc | 0.667c | 95.333bc |
SC15-11 | 18.548e | 58.667d | 9.000ab | 4.000a | 47.000ab | 2.333bc | 120.000ab |
H15 | 18.492e | 108.667a | 7.333b | 1.667bc | 39.000bc | 6.333a | 95.333bc |
花农39 Huanong39 | 17.405f | 74.333c | 9.000ab | 3.667ab | 49.667ab | 1.333c | 124.000a |
H13 | 17.270fg | 94.333b | 8.000ab | 2.667b | 31.667cd | 7.000a | 86.667bc |
H12 | 17.009fg | 87.333bc | 7.667b | 0.667c | 35.333bc | 3.333b | 125.000a |
H91 | 16.460g | 103.000ab | 9.667ab | 4.333a | 33.667c | 6.000a | 117.000ab |
性状 Trait | 百粒重 100-seed weight (g) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 底荚高度 Pod height at bottom (cm) | 有效分枝 Effective branch number (个) | 有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 单株粒数 Seed number per plant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值Mean | 19.978 | 68.838 | 8.437 | 1.301 | 36.281 | 1.990 | 89.828 |
最小值Min. | 16.277 | 35.517 | 5.500 | 0.000 | 19.700 | 0.333 | 63.300 |
最大值Max. | 24.850 | 108.667 | 11.400 | 4.333 | 57.500 | 7.000 | 125.000 |
标准差SD | 2.609 | 20.044 | 1.628 | 1.245 | 9.295 | 1.762 | 16.591 |
变异系数CV(%) | 13.060 | 29.117 | 19.200 | 95.721 | 25.619 | 88.553 | 18.470 |
表3 大豆主要农艺性状的变异系数
Tab.3 Coefficient of variation of main agronomic traits of soybean
性状 Trait | 百粒重 100-seed weight (g) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 底荚高度 Pod height at bottom (cm) | 有效分枝 Effective branch number (个) | 有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 单株粒数 Seed number per plant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值Mean | 19.978 | 68.838 | 8.437 | 1.301 | 36.281 | 1.990 | 89.828 |
最小值Min. | 16.277 | 35.517 | 5.500 | 0.000 | 19.700 | 0.333 | 63.300 |
最大值Max. | 24.850 | 108.667 | 11.400 | 4.333 | 57.500 | 7.000 | 125.000 |
标准差SD | 2.609 | 20.044 | 1.628 | 1.245 | 9.295 | 1.762 | 16.591 |
变异系数CV(%) | 13.060 | 29.117 | 19.200 | 95.721 | 25.619 | 88.553 | 18.470 |
性状 Trait | 百粒重 100-seed weight (g) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 底荚高度 Pod height at bottom (cm) | 有效分枝 Effective branch number (个) | 单株有 效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 单株无 效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 单株粒数 Seed number per plant | 折合单产 Yield (kg/667m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
百粒重 100-seed weight(g) | 1.000 | |||||||
株高 Plant height (cm) | 0.115 | 1.000 | ||||||
底荚高度 Pod height at bottom(cm) | 0.224 | 0.071 | 1.000 | |||||
有效分枝 Effective branch number(个) | -0.288 | 0.358 | 0.133 | 1.000 | ||||
单株有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 0.138 | 0.385* | -0.009 | 0.465* | 1.000 | |||
单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | -.409* | 0.566** | -0.065 | 0.532** | 0.200 | 1.000 | ||
单株粒数 Seed number per plant | -0.362 | 0.414* | 0.036 | 0.645** | 0.593** | 0.373 | 1.000 | |
折合单产 Yield (kg/667m2) | 0.276 | 0.495** | 0.146 | 0.429* | 0.745** | 0.106 | 0.746** | 1.000 |
表4 大豆农艺性状与产量的相关性
Tab.4 Correlation analysis of soybean agronomic traits and yield
性状 Trait | 百粒重 100-seed weight (g) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 底荚高度 Pod height at bottom (cm) | 有效分枝 Effective branch number (个) | 单株有 效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 单株无 效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 单株粒数 Seed number per plant | 折合单产 Yield (kg/667m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
百粒重 100-seed weight(g) | 1.000 | |||||||
株高 Plant height (cm) | 0.115 | 1.000 | ||||||
底荚高度 Pod height at bottom(cm) | 0.224 | 0.071 | 1.000 | |||||
有效分枝 Effective branch number(个) | -0.288 | 0.358 | 0.133 | 1.000 | ||||
单株有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 0.138 | 0.385* | -0.009 | 0.465* | 1.000 | |||
单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | -.409* | 0.566** | -0.065 | 0.532** | 0.200 | 1.000 | ||
单株粒数 Seed number per plant | -0.362 | 0.414* | 0.036 | 0.645** | 0.593** | 0.373 | 1.000 | |
折合单产 Yield (kg/667m2) | 0.276 | 0.495** | 0.146 | 0.429* | 0.745** | 0.106 | 0.746** | 1.000 |
主成分 Principal component | 初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue | 提取平方和载入 Extract the sum of squares and load | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差百分比 Percentage of variance(%) | 累积总方差贡献率 Cumulative total variance contribution rate(%) | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差百分比 Percentage of variance(%) | 累积总方差贡献率 Cumulative total variance contribution rate(%) | |||||
1(MF1) | 3.411 | 42.635 | 42.635 | 3.411 | 42.635 | 42.635 | ||||
2(MF2) | 1.698 | 21.226 | 63.862 | 1.698 | 21.226 | 63.862 | ||||
3(MF3) | 1.010 | 12.623 | 76.485 | 1.010 | 12.623 | 76.485 | ||||
4 | 0.925 | 11.558 | 88.043 | |||||||
5 | 0.442 | 5.528 | 93.571 | |||||||
6 | 0.296 | 3.706 | 97.276 | |||||||
7 | 0.181 | 2.257 | 99.534 | |||||||
8 | 0.037 | 0.466 | 100 |
表5 主成分因子的方差贡献率
Tab.5 The variance contribution rate of the principal component factors
主成分 Principal component | 初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue | 提取平方和载入 Extract the sum of squares and load | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差百分比 Percentage of variance(%) | 累积总方差贡献率 Cumulative total variance contribution rate(%) | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差百分比 Percentage of variance(%) | 累积总方差贡献率 Cumulative total variance contribution rate(%) | |||||
1(MF1) | 3.411 | 42.635 | 42.635 | 3.411 | 42.635 | 42.635 | ||||
2(MF2) | 1.698 | 21.226 | 63.862 | 1.698 | 21.226 | 63.862 | ||||
3(MF3) | 1.010 | 12.623 | 76.485 | 1.010 | 12.623 | 76.485 | ||||
4 | 0.925 | 11.558 | 88.043 | |||||||
5 | 0.442 | 5.528 | 93.571 | |||||||
6 | 0.296 | 3.706 | 97.276 | |||||||
7 | 0.181 | 2.257 | 99.534 | |||||||
8 | 0.037 | 0.466 | 100 |
性状因子 Trait factor | 主成分 Principal component | ||
---|---|---|---|
MF1 | MF2 | MF3 | |
百粒重 100-seed weight(g) | -0.147 | 0.888 | 0.093 |
株高 Plant height(cm) | 0.682 | 0.080 | 0.307 |
底荚高度 Pod height at bottom(cm) | 0.092 | 0.393 | 0.770 |
有效分枝 Effective branch number(个) | 0.775 | -0.246 | 0.143 |
单株有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 0.759 | 0.334 | -0.328 |
单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 0.587 | -0.563 | 0.334 |
单株粒数 Seed number per plant | 0.872 | -0.104 | -0.194 |
折合单产Yield (kg/667m2) | 0.797 | 0.499 | -0.195 |
表6 初始因子载荷矩阵
Tab.6 Initial factor loading matrix
性状因子 Trait factor | 主成分 Principal component | ||
---|---|---|---|
MF1 | MF2 | MF3 | |
百粒重 100-seed weight(g) | -0.147 | 0.888 | 0.093 |
株高 Plant height(cm) | 0.682 | 0.080 | 0.307 |
底荚高度 Pod height at bottom(cm) | 0.092 | 0.393 | 0.770 |
有效分枝 Effective branch number(个) | 0.775 | -0.246 | 0.143 |
单株有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 0.759 | 0.334 | -0.328 |
单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 0.587 | -0.563 | 0.334 |
单株粒数 Seed number per plant | 0.872 | -0.104 | -0.194 |
折合单产Yield (kg/667m2) | 0.797 | 0.499 | -0.195 |
性状 Trait | 第一 类群(9) The first group (9) | 第二 类群(14) The second group (14) | 第三 类群(4) The third group (4) |
---|---|---|---|
百粒重 100-seed weight(g) | 19.244 | 20.580 | 19.521 |
株高 Plant height(cm) | 48.931 | 73.744 | 96.458 |
底荚高度 Pod height at bottom (cm) | 8.153 | 8.736 | 8.041 |
有效分枝 Effective branch number(个) | 0.509 | 1.693 | 1.709 |
单株有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 27.283 | 41.907 | 36.833 |
单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 1.210 | 1.976 | 3.792 |
单株粒数 Seed number per plant | 74.544 | 100.644 | 86.361 |
折合单产 Yield (kg/667m2) | 164.230 | 244.340 | 201.785 |
表7 参试品种资源各类群的性状特征
Tab.7 Characteristic characteristics of various groups of tested varieties resources
性状 Trait | 第一 类群(9) The first group (9) | 第二 类群(14) The second group (14) | 第三 类群(4) The third group (4) |
---|---|---|---|
百粒重 100-seed weight(g) | 19.244 | 20.580 | 19.521 |
株高 Plant height(cm) | 48.931 | 73.744 | 96.458 |
底荚高度 Pod height at bottom (cm) | 8.153 | 8.736 | 8.041 |
有效分枝 Effective branch number(个) | 0.509 | 1.693 | 1.709 |
单株有效荚数 Number of effective pods per plant | 27.283 | 41.907 | 36.833 |
单株无效荚数 Number of invalid pods per plantper plant | 1.210 | 1.976 | 3.792 |
单株粒数 Seed number per plant | 74.544 | 100.644 | 86.361 |
折合单产 Yield (kg/667m2) | 164.230 | 244.340 | 201.785 |
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