新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (5): 1050-1058.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.002
• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇 下一篇
黄倩楠1(), 马尔合巴·艾司拜尔1, 邹辉1, 王彩荣1, 艾力买买提·库尔班1, 孙娜1(), 雷钧杰2()
收稿日期:
2022-09-10
出版日期:
2023-05-20
发布日期:
2023-05-22
通信作者:
孙娜(1982-),女,吉林人,高级农艺师,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,(E-mail)作者简介:
黄倩楠(1995-),女,河南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,养分资源管理及高效利用,(E-mail)qiannan9325@163.com
基金资助:
HUANG Qiannan1(), Maerheba Aisibaier1, ZOU Hui1, WANG Cairong1, Ailimaimaiti Kuerban1, SUN Na1(), LEI Junjie2()
Received:
2022-09-10
Online:
2023-05-20
Published:
2023-05-22
Correspondence author:
SUN Na(1982-), female,senior agronomist. Research area: wheat genetic breeding.(E-mail)Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性。【方法】分析232份冬小麦种质资源的株高、有效分蘖数、千粒重等9个主要农艺性状,进行遗传多样性、相关性和聚类综合评价。【结果】新疆232份小麦品种遗传多样性指数较高,9个农艺性状的多样性指数介于1.68~2.10,变异类型丰富,变异系数幅度为10.3%~43.6%,各农艺性状变异系数顺序为单株产量>有效分蘖数>主穗粒重>主穗长>主穗粒数>最多粒数>株高>小穗数>千粒重;主要农艺性状与单株产量的相关程度为:有效分蘖数(0.838)>主穗粒重(0.564)>主穗粒数(0.559)>最多粒数(0.301)>千粒重(0.269)>主穗长(0.224)>株高(-0.196)>小穗数(-0.102),有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重对单株产量的直接通径系数和相关系数均达显著水平;在欧式距离为16 的位置将232个品种划分为5个类群,分析各类群的9个农艺性状特征发现,类群间存在较大差异。【结论】新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状变异较大,且遗传多样性丰富。有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重对单株产量的影响是直接且正向的,可以作为提高单株产量的筛选指标,且有效分蘖数这一性状应优先选择。
中图分类号:
黄倩楠, 马尔合巴·艾司拜尔, 邹辉, 王彩荣, 艾力买买提·库尔班, 孙娜, 雷钧杰. 新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1050-1058.
HUANG Qiannan, Maerheba Aisibaier, ZOU Hui, WANG Cairong, Ailimaimaiti Kuerban, SUN Na, LEI Junjie. Genetic diversity of main agronomic traits in Xinjiang winter wheat germplasm resources[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1050-1058.
性状 Character | 最大值 Max | 最小值 Min | 均值 Means | 极差 Range | 标准差 SD | 变异系数 CV(%) | 多样性指数 H' |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 130.0 | 59.0 | 92.2 | 71.0 | 13.1 | 14.2 | 2.07 |
X2 | 30 | 4 | 11.0 | 26 | 4.1 | 36.9 | 2.02 |
X3 | 16.5 | 5.5 | 9.7 | 11.0 | 1.7 | 17.3 | 2.04 |
X4 | 25 | 13 | 19.1 | 12 | 2.2 | 11.3 | 2.10 |
X5 | 6 | 2 | 3.9 | 4 | 0.6 | 15.8 | 1.68 |
X6 | 81 | 30 | 53.7 | 51 | 9.2 | 17.2 | 2.05 |
X7 | 4.9 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 20.7 | 2.08 |
X8 | 62.9 | 5.4 | 22.9 | 57.5 | 10.0 | 43.6 | 2.04 |
X9 | 58.8 | 32.7 | 46.6 | 26.1 | 4.8 | 10.3 | 2.08 |
表1 新疆小麦种质资源主要农艺性状
Tab.1 Statistical analysis of main agronomic traits betweetn wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang
性状 Character | 最大值 Max | 最小值 Min | 均值 Means | 极差 Range | 标准差 SD | 变异系数 CV(%) | 多样性指数 H' |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 130.0 | 59.0 | 92.2 | 71.0 | 13.1 | 14.2 | 2.07 |
X2 | 30 | 4 | 11.0 | 26 | 4.1 | 36.9 | 2.02 |
X3 | 16.5 | 5.5 | 9.7 | 11.0 | 1.7 | 17.3 | 2.04 |
X4 | 25 | 13 | 19.1 | 12 | 2.2 | 11.3 | 2.10 |
X5 | 6 | 2 | 3.9 | 4 | 0.6 | 15.8 | 1.68 |
X6 | 81 | 30 | 53.7 | 51 | 9.2 | 17.2 | 2.05 |
X7 | 4.9 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 20.7 | 2.08 |
X8 | 62.9 | 5.4 | 22.9 | 57.5 | 10.0 | 43.6 | 2.04 |
X9 | 58.8 | 32.7 | 46.6 | 26.1 | 4.8 | 10.3 | 2.08 |
性状 Character | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 1 | ||||||||
X2 | -0.228** | 1 | |||||||
X3 | 0.381** | 0.115 | 1 | ||||||
X4 | 0.534** | -0.225** | 0.343** | 1 | |||||
X5 | -0.278** | 0.065 | 0.114 | -0.049 | 1 | ||||
X6 | -0.233** | 0.263** | 0.263** | 0.206** | 0.576** | 1 | |||
X7 | -0.002 | 0.158* | 0.335** | 0.298** | 0.488** | 0.819** | 1 | ||
X8 | -0.196** | 0.838** | 0.224** | -0.102 | 0.301** | 0.559** | 0.564** | 1 | |
X9 | 0.274** | -0.014 | 0.196** | 0.171** | 0.020 | 0.022 | 0.490** | 0.269** | 1 |
表2 新疆小麦种质资源主要农艺性状的相关性
Tab.2 Correlation analysis in main agronomic traits of wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang
性状 Character | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 1 | ||||||||
X2 | -0.228** | 1 | |||||||
X3 | 0.381** | 0.115 | 1 | ||||||
X4 | 0.534** | -0.225** | 0.343** | 1 | |||||
X5 | -0.278** | 0.065 | 0.114 | -0.049 | 1 | ||||
X6 | -0.233** | 0.263** | 0.263** | 0.206** | 0.576** | 1 | |||
X7 | -0.002 | 0.158* | 0.335** | 0.298** | 0.488** | 0.819** | 1 | ||
X8 | -0.196** | 0.838** | 0.224** | -0.102 | 0.301** | 0.559** | 0.564** | 1 | |
X9 | 0.274** | -0.014 | 0.196** | 0.171** | 0.020 | 0.022 | 0.490** | 0.269** | 1 |
性状 Character | 直接通径系数 Direcct path coefficient | 间接通径系数Indirece path coefficent | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X9 | ||
X1 | 0.020 3 | -0.169 8 | -0.001 1 | -0.039 4 | -0.011 9 | -0.040 7 | -0.000 4 | 0.047 6 | |
X2 | 0.744 9 | -0.004 6 | -0.000 3 | 0.016 6 | 0.002 8 | 0.045 9 | 0.034 9 | -0.002 4 | |
X3 | -0.003 0 | 0.007 8 | 0.085 7 | -0.025 3 | 0.004 9 | 0.045 9 | 0.073 9 | 0.034 1 | |
X4 | -0.073 7 | 0.010 9 | -0.167 6 | -0.001 0 | -0.002 1 | 0.036 0 | 0.065 7 | 0.029 7 | |
X5 | 0.042 8 | -0.005 7 | 0.048 4 | -0.000 3 | 0.003 6 | 0.100 6 | 0.107 6 | 0.003 5 | |
X6 | 0.174 6 | -0.004 7 | 0.195 9 | -0.000 8 | -0.015 2 | 0.024 7 | 0.180 7 | 0.003 8 | |
X7 | 0.220 6 | 0.000 0 | 0.117 7 | -0.001 0 | -0.022 0 | 0.020 9 | 0.143 0 | 0.085 1 | |
X9 | 0.173 7 | 0.005 6 | -0.010 4 | -0.000 6 | -0.012 6 | 0.000 9 | 0.003 8 | 0.108 1 |
表3 新疆小麦种质资源单株产量与主要农艺性状的通径系数比较
Tab.3 Path analysis between yield per plant and different characters of wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang
性状 Character | 直接通径系数 Direcct path coefficient | 间接通径系数Indirece path coefficent | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X9 | ||
X1 | 0.020 3 | -0.169 8 | -0.001 1 | -0.039 4 | -0.011 9 | -0.040 7 | -0.000 4 | 0.047 6 | |
X2 | 0.744 9 | -0.004 6 | -0.000 3 | 0.016 6 | 0.002 8 | 0.045 9 | 0.034 9 | -0.002 4 | |
X3 | -0.003 0 | 0.007 8 | 0.085 7 | -0.025 3 | 0.004 9 | 0.045 9 | 0.073 9 | 0.034 1 | |
X4 | -0.073 7 | 0.010 9 | -0.167 6 | -0.001 0 | -0.002 1 | 0.036 0 | 0.065 7 | 0.029 7 | |
X5 | 0.042 8 | -0.005 7 | 0.048 4 | -0.000 3 | 0.003 6 | 0.100 6 | 0.107 6 | 0.003 5 | |
X6 | 0.174 6 | -0.004 7 | 0.195 9 | -0.000 8 | -0.015 2 | 0.024 7 | 0.180 7 | 0.003 8 | |
X7 | 0.220 6 | 0.000 0 | 0.117 7 | -0.001 0 | -0.022 0 | 0.020 9 | 0.143 0 | 0.085 1 | |
X9 | 0.173 7 | 0.005 6 | -0.010 4 | -0.000 6 | -0.012 6 | 0.000 9 | 0.003 8 | 0.108 1 |
类群 Group | 样本数量 Sample | 品种编号 Number | 占总体 Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 165 | 1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,34,36,37,38,39,41,42,43,44,46,47,48,50,54,55,57,58,59,60,62,63,64,65,66,67,70,71,74,75,76,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,87,88,90,92,94,95,96,97,98,100,101,102,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,113,114,115,117,118,119,120,121,123,124,126,128,130,131,136,138,141,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,151,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,162,163,164,167,168,169,172,173,174,175,178,179,180,181,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,194,197,198,200,204,205,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,215,216,217,218,219,223,224,226,229,230,231,232 | 71.12 |
Ⅱ | 2 | 4,91 | 0.86 |
Ⅲ | 33 | 7,33,40,49,51,52,53,56,61,68,69,72,73,77,78,86,89,93,99,103,112,116,122,125,127,132,133,135,139,147,152,192,228 | 14.22 |
Ⅳ | 23 | 14,160,161,165,166,170,171,176,177,182,183,193,195,196,202,203,206,214,220,221,222,225,227 | 9.91 |
Ⅴ | 9 | 35,45,129,134,137,140,184,199,201 | 3.88 |
表4 新疆小麦种质资源单株产量与主要农艺性状的聚类比较
Tab.4 Clustering analysis between yield per plant and different characters of wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang
类群 Group | 样本数量 Sample | 品种编号 Number | 占总体 Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 165 | 1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,34,36,37,38,39,41,42,43,44,46,47,48,50,54,55,57,58,59,60,62,63,64,65,66,67,70,71,74,75,76,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,87,88,90,92,94,95,96,97,98,100,101,102,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,113,114,115,117,118,119,120,121,123,124,126,128,130,131,136,138,141,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,151,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,162,163,164,167,168,169,172,173,174,175,178,179,180,181,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,194,197,198,200,204,205,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,215,216,217,218,219,223,224,226,229,230,231,232 | 71.12 |
Ⅱ | 2 | 4,91 | 0.86 |
Ⅲ | 33 | 7,33,40,49,51,52,53,56,61,68,69,72,73,77,78,86,89,93,99,103,112,116,122,125,127,132,133,135,139,147,152,192,228 | 14.22 |
Ⅳ | 23 | 14,160,161,165,166,170,171,176,177,182,183,193,195,196,202,203,206,214,220,221,222,225,227 | 9.91 |
Ⅴ | 9 | 35,45,129,134,137,140,184,199,201 | 3.88 |
类群 Group | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 91.4±9b | 10.9±3.2bc | 9.5±1.5bc | 19±1.7b | 3.9±0.5b | 52.5±6b | 2.6±0.4bc | 22.2±7.4b | 47±4.5b |
Ⅱ | 123.6±6.7a | 15.5±4.5a | 13±1.4a | 20±1.4ab | 3.5±0.7b | 52.7±0.5b | 3.1±0.1ab | 34.7±8.8a | 54.5±0.1a |
Ⅲ | 83±8.9b | 13.8±4.3ab | 10.2±1.3b | 18.9±2b | 4.5±0.4a | 66.9±7.1a | 3.2±0.5a | 33.4±9.1a | 45±5.7b |
Ⅳ | 116.1±5.5a | 7.5±1.8c | 10.9±2.2b | 21.4±1.8a | 3.8±0.6b | 47.8±7.3bc | 2.5±0.5c | 14±3.8c | 46.3±4.2b |
Ⅴ | 73.2±6.1c | 10.6±2.4bc | 8.2±1.3c | 16.1±1.9c | 3.6±0.4b | 42.2±4.8c | 2±0.4d | 16.8±5.9bc | 44.1±6.5b |
表5 不同类群的农艺性状
Tab.5 Agronomic traits of 5 groups
类群 Group | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 91.4±9b | 10.9±3.2bc | 9.5±1.5bc | 19±1.7b | 3.9±0.5b | 52.5±6b | 2.6±0.4bc | 22.2±7.4b | 47±4.5b |
Ⅱ | 123.6±6.7a | 15.5±4.5a | 13±1.4a | 20±1.4ab | 3.5±0.7b | 52.7±0.5b | 3.1±0.1ab | 34.7±8.8a | 54.5±0.1a |
Ⅲ | 83±8.9b | 13.8±4.3ab | 10.2±1.3b | 18.9±2b | 4.5±0.4a | 66.9±7.1a | 3.2±0.5a | 33.4±9.1a | 45±5.7b |
Ⅳ | 116.1±5.5a | 7.5±1.8c | 10.9±2.2b | 21.4±1.8a | 3.8±0.6b | 47.8±7.3bc | 2.5±0.5c | 14±3.8c | 46.3±4.2b |
Ⅴ | 73.2±6.1c | 10.6±2.4bc | 8.2±1.3c | 16.1±1.9c | 3.6±0.4b | 42.2±4.8c | 2±0.4d | 16.8±5.9bc | 44.1±6.5b |
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