【Objective】To study and compare the dynamic changes of boll components in the development of cotton bolls and to explore the dynamic development law of Gossypium barbadense L. and Gossypium hirsutum L. in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing scientific theoretical basis for the management of high-yield and high-quality cultivation and high-yield and high-quality breeding of cotton.【Methods】The bolls of Xinhai No.25 and Xinluzhong No.37 were taken as the research objects, and the external traits of boll development and dry weight of boll components were compared, and besides, logistic fitting was also carried out for comparison. 【Results】External traits: the length, diameter and volume of the bolls reached their maximum values 9, 9 and 15 d later than those of land cotton, and were 15.539 mm, 7.167 mm and 3.4 cm³ less, respectively; the length-to-diameter ratio of island cotton was 0.725 more than that of land cotton; the bolls of island cotton had 3-4 chambers and 20 seeds; the chambers of land cotton had 4-5 chambers and 36 seeds. Boll traits: the dry weight of the boll shells, seeds and fibres of sea island cotton reached its maximum value 12, 9 and 3 d later than that of terrestrial cotton, and 0.419, 0.654 and 1.204 g lighter; the ratio of boll shells∶seeds∶fibres was 29∶46∶25 for sea island cotton, and 24∶43∶33 for terrestrial cotton; the dry matter of each component of the bolls of sea island and terrestrial cotton was fitted with the Logistic equation, and both showed the same dry matter as that of the land. Fitting results were "S" curve, island cotton and land cotton boll fresh boll weight, boll dry weight, volume with boll age change trends were all similar; Island cotton boll length, boll diameter and cotton seed dry weight entered and ended the vigorous growth time 1-4 d later than terrestrial cotton.【Conclusion】The single boll weight, boll chamber and cotton seed number of upland cotton are higher than that of island cotton, the boll period is shorter than that of island cotton, and the proportion of boll shell and cottonseed is lower than that of island cotton, which shows the characteristics of high lint content and significant single boll.

【Objective】To clarify the relationship between water status of cotton plants and morphological characteristics of top stems and leaves in the hope of providing a scientific basis for the identification, modeling and non-destructive diagnosis of cotton water characteristics. 【Methods】Using the method of field experiment, referring to the local field cotton conventional irrigation cycle and irrigation time, in the bud stage, early flowering stage, early flowering and boll-setting stage, middle flowering and boll-setting stage, late flowering and boll-setting stage, the morphological characteristics of cotton (the distance between the top two leaves, the angle between the petiole and the main stem, the angle between the leaf and the main stem) and the variation characteristics of plant water content in different growth stages were observed. 【Results】(1) In an irrigation cycle of bud stage and early flowering stage, with the decrease of plant water content, the distance between the top two leaves gradually increased, and the angle between leaf and main stem and the angle between petiole and main stem gradually decreased. (2) In the three irrigation cycles of early flowering and boll-setting stage, middle flowering and boll-setting stage and late flowering and boll-setting stage, the distance between the top two leaves and the angle between leaf and main stem increased with the decrease of plant water content, and the angle between petiole and main stem decreased with the decrease of plant water content. The distance between the top two leaves and the angle between leaf and main stem were similar to those at the initial flowering stage, while the angle between leaf and main stem was opposite to that at the initial flowering stage. (3) There was a significant linear relationship between the distance between the top two leaves, the angle between the leaf and the main stem, the angle between the petiole and the main stem and the water content of cotton. 【Conclusion】In summary, during the whole growth period of cotton, the morphological characteristics of cotton, such as the distance between the top two leaves, the angle between petiole and main stem, and the angle between leaf and main stem, have a good response to the water condition of cotton.

【Objective】The objective of this study is to study the effects of high-strength plastic film on soil temperature, humidity and cotton growth in cotton field. 【Methods】In this experiment, two treatments, high-strength plastic film (H) and ordinary plastic film (T), were carried out in the drip irrigation cotton field in Tumshuk City, Xinjiang, and the effects of the two kinds of plastic film mulching on soil temperature, humidity and cotton agronomic and economic traits of cotton field were statistically analyzed, and the residual plastic film after use was recovered and compared. 【Results】Compared with ordinary mulch film, the high-strength plastic film warmed the 0-5cm soil by 1.72%-8.7%, and the soil at the 5-10cm layer by 1.24%-3.1%, and the warming and moisture retention effect was better in the early growth stage of cotton. Compared with the ordinary plastic film T treatment, the number of leaves increased by 1.04-1.54, the plant height increased by 1.5-7.2cm, the number of buds increased by 0.96-1.13, the yield of high-strength plastic film increased by 5.5% compared with ordinary plastic film, and the recovery rate of residual plastic film of high-strength plastic film increased by 18.86% compared with ordinary plastic film. 【Conclusion】Compared with ordinary plastic film, high-strength plastic film has better warming and moisture preservation effect, and high-strength plastic film treatment is conducive to the growth and development of cotton roots, stems, leaves and other organs, and at the same time improves the yield of seed cotton, and has high recovery efficiency.

【Objective】To reveal the physiological and ecological mechanism of the synergistic improvement of cotton plant row spacing configuration and defoliation ripening effect, reduce machine-picked impurities and improve the quality of raw cotton. 【Methods】Jinken 1643 was used as the experimental material, and the main row spacing configuration and defoliant in the northern Xinjiang cotton area were selected. The two-factor split-plot design was used in the project and the main area was the row spacing configuration, which was P₆: Wide-narrow row-spacing configuration, the row spacing configuration was 66 cm + 10 cm and P₃: Uniform row-spacing configuration, the row spacing configuration was 76 cm; the sub-area was sprayed with different defoliants, which were TR: Ruituolong (80% thidiazuron) and T : Xinthili (thidiazuron · ethephon suspension). By measuring the defoliation rate, miscellaneous leaf rate, boll dehydration rate, cotton boll opening rate and fiber quality of cotton plants under different treatment combinations, the effect of row spacing configuration on defoliation and ripening of cotton spraying different defoliants was discussed. 【Results】The main time period for the efficacy of the defoliant was 0-15 days after spraying the agent. The defoliation and boll opening effect of Xinthili on cotton was more rapid (0-10 d), and the defoliation rate and defoliation rate were high, the dehydration rate of cotton boll was high, and the net boll opening rate was high under the treatment of one film and six lines, which could rapidly promote defoliation and boll opening, but it would cause a significant increase in miscellaneous leaf rate and damage to the length of upper cotton boll fiber. However, under the treatment of one film and three lines, the effect of spraying Xinthili on defoliation and boll opening was poor. The defoliation and boll opening effect of Ruituolong on cotton was weak at the initial stage (0-5 d), and it mainly played a role after application (5-15 d). Although the defoliation rate and boll opening rate of cotton were slow under the treatment of one film and three lines, the final defoliation rate was not significantly different from other treatments, and it would not cause damage to cotton fiber length and increase of miscellaneous leaf rate. But the effect of spraying Ruituolong on defoliation and boll opening was poor under the treatment of one film and six lines. 【Conclusion】In summary, Xinseli has better and faster defoliation and boll opening under the configuration of one film and six rows, but it would cause the increase of raw cotton leaf impurities and the decrease of upper cotton boll fiber quality. Under the configuration of one film and three lines, the defoliation and boll opening effect of Ruituolong is relatively slow, but the final defoliation and boll opening effect is still high, and it would not cause the increase of leaf impurities and the decrease of fiber quality.

【Objective】Soil compaction and caking can lead to a significant decrease in soil quality in agricultural farmland, and a serious lack of comprehensive agricultural production capacity. Carbon source materials may have the ability to improve the structure of clayey soil. 【Methods】By using field experiments, a control group (CK), farmyard fertilizer (N group), biochar (T group), biological bacterial fertilizer (B group), commercial organic fertilizer (J group), and mineral potassium humate (H group) were designed, with three gradient treatments in each group. The aim was to explore the effects of five carbon source substances on the physicochemical properties of clayey soil and plant agronomic traits. 【Results】(1) The input of five carbon source substances had a significant impact on soil bulk density and soil porosity, with biochar having the most significant improvement effect. (2) The input of five carbon source substances had a certain improvement effect on soil aggregates of various particle sizes. Among the 1-2 mm and 1mm soil aggregates, T₂ treatment had the best improvement effect, N₃ treatment had the best improvement effect on 0.5-1 mm soil aggregates, and J₃ treatment has the best improvement effect on 0.1-0.25 mm soil aggregates; Compared to CK, it increased by 455.70%, 504.01%, 207.41%, 65.55%, and 41.70% respectively; (3) The input of five carbon source substances could significantly improve the plant height and stem diameter of cotton plants. In terms of the improvement effect on plant height and stem diameter, the pattern presented was N>T>S>J>H and S>J>T>N>H; (4) The five carbon source substances had a significant effect on improving the dry and fresh weight of plants, and the effect of farmyard fertilizer was the best in improving the agronomic properties of cotton. 【Conclusion】In the overall evaluation, different carbon source inputs are beneficial for the physicochemical properties and plant agronomic traits of clayey soil, and the recommended amount of farmyard fertilizer+50% is the best. In summary, adding carbon source substances to clay soil can promote the formation of soil aggregates and alleviate the stress of compaction on soil by regulating soil structure and biochemical organic matter.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of dry sowing and wet emergence on water and salt distribution, nutrients and cotton yield in different salinized soils.【Methods】Three cotton fields with light, moderate and severe salinity degrees were selected to dynamically monitor the water and salt changes in different locations of the seed holes, wide rows and membranes within 30 days of the seedling emergence water drips, and the cotton growth indexes, indicators of soil nutrients, salinity, pH content, etc., and the yields were analyzed during the critical period of growth and development.【Results】The overall trend of soil volumetric water content, seed hole soil conductivity and soil salinity was: heavy > medium > light cotton field, 0-20 cm soil layer of light, medium and heavy cotton field soil salinity between the membrane was generally greater than the seed holes and the wide rows; light and medium cotton field soil quick-acting nutrient content of 0-20 cm > 20-40 cm, soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content of the seed holes of the heavy cotton field showed an opposite trend; The soil pH of heavy cotton fields was basically below 8, and light cotton fields were above 8; the highest seedling emergence rate of light cotton fields was 83.4%, which increased by 4.51%, 5.44% and 6.59% compared with light (conventional), medium and heavy cotton fields respectively; the highest seed cotton yield of medium cotton fields was 513.5 kg/667m², which increased by 0.51%, 37.0% and 15.0% compared with light, light (conventional) and heavy cotton fields respectively.【Conclusion】There is no obvious difference in cotton field emergence rates of different saline-alkali levels, but the high moisture content of soil volume is not conducive to cotton emergence. The moderate cotton field seed yield is the highest. The soil salt below 4 g/kg has little impact on seed germination and cotton seedling growth, but the salt content above 6g/kg will affect the yield of seed cotton.

【Objective】To explore the optimal ratio of water and fertilizer for ultra-late sowing wheat in northern Xinjiang and solve the problems of low yield and low utilization rate of water and fertilizer resources for ultra-late sowing wheat in local agricultural production. 【Methods】With the local main plant Xindong 18 as the test material, three irrigation treatments and four urea treatments were wet up: W₁ (2,750 m³/hm³), W₂ (3,750 m³/hm³), W₃ (4,750 m³/hm³), N₀ (0 kg / hm³), N₁ (180 kg/hm³), N₂ (360 kg/hm³), N₃ (5,400 kg/hm³), to analyze the effects of different water and nitrogen transportation on wheat growth, water and nitrogen utilization, dry matter accumulation and yield.【Results】The increase of irrigation volume and nitrogen application could increase wheat plant height and leaf area index. Compared with W₁N₀, W₂N₂ mature plant height increased by 13.22 cm, and the leaf area index by 3.92 m²/m². The accumulation of dry material in wheat increased from jointing-filling-slow, and W₂N₂ treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments; On the basis of W₂N₂, the consumption of soil water and the amount of nitrogen, and the yield was also reduced, leading to the decrease of water use efficiency. Under W₂N₂ treatment, the water utilization rate was 20.71% higher than that of W₃N₃, and the agricultural utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 64.14%; the number of ear grains increased with the increase of irrigation water and nitrogen application, N₂ was significantly higher than those of N₀ and N₁ treatments, the 1,000 grain weight increased with the increase of irrigation water, W₃ treatment was significantly higher than that of W₁ treatment, decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application, and reaching the maximum at W₃N₀. The yield of W₂N₂ (9,743.01 kg/hm²) was the highest and significantly higher than those of the other treatments.【Conclusion】The yield of ultra-late sowing winter wheat is 3,750 m³/hm² with urea content 360 kg/hm², which is the best combination of both yield and efficiency.

【Objective】To reveal the response mechanism of winter wheat to seed fertilizer separation spacing by studying the effects of seed fertilizer separation on the growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield formation of winter wheat in Xinjiang Tacheng area in the hope of providing technical support for the high-yield cultivation of winter wheat in Tae Basin. 【Methods】A randomized block design was conducted, and four treatments B₁ (0 cm), B₂ (4 cm), B₃ (6 cm) and B₄ (8 cm) were set up at the separation distance of seed fertilizer and then the effects of different treatments on the emergence rate, leaf area index, SPAD value, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield formation of winter wheat were studied, taking local field production as CK. 【Results】With the increase of seed fertilizer spacing in the range, wheat emergence rate, leaf area index, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation, panicle number, kernel number per spike and yield all showed an increasing trend, and B₄ (8 cm) reached the maximum level. Compared with CK, the seed separation rate was significantly increased by 4.45%, panicle number increased by 4.32%, kernel number increased by 16.73% and yield increased by 5.46%. The yield was B₄ > B₃ > B₂ > CK > B₁, and the difference between B₄ and B₁, B₂ and B₃ was significant, with a significant increase of 9.35%, 3.14% and 2.25%. 【Conclusion】Adjusting the separation distance of winter wheat seed fertilizer in a certain range can improve the effect of fertilizer, increase seedling emergence rate and leaf area index, and affect winter wheat yield and yield composition. In this experimental study, B₄ performs best.

【Objective】This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of dry and hot wind disasters in Xinjiang over the past 60 years, and improve understanding of the changes in meteorological disasters in Xinjiang, in the hope of providing reference for regional large-scale dry and hot wind monitoring, warning, and defense by using daily temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed data from 103 meteorological stations in Xinjiang from 1961 to 2019.【Methods】Linear trend method was used to analyze the interannual variation characteristics and trends of Xinjiang dry hot wind disasters in time series, and Mann-Kendall mutation test method is applied to compare and analyze the mutation situation of Xinjiang dry hot wind disasters. Meanshile, inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method was employed to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of mild, moderate, and severe dry hot wind disasters in various regions of Xinjiang.【Results】Since 1960 to 2019, the dry and hot wind disasters in Xinjiang included two types: high temperature and low humidity type and dry wind type, with high temperature and low humidity type being the main disaster type; In terms of time variation, the occurrence of dry and hot winds in Xinjiang showed an overall downward trend, but the interannual fluctuation was significant, with an overall downward trend in fluctuations. Among them, the overall downward trend of high temperature and low humidity dry and hot winds was significant; The dry hot wind type showed an upward trend with significant difference; In terms of spatial variation, the spatial distribution of dry and hot winds was the highest in eastern Xinjiang, followed by northern and southern Xinjiang; The probability of high temperature and low humidity severe dry hot winds occurring in eastern and southern Xinjiang was higher than that in northern Xinjiang; Dry and hot winds mainly occurred in Turpan, Hami, and other places; Naomao Lake and Tokson were heavily affected areas by dry and hot winds.【Conclusion】The research results indicate that the number of days of dry and hot wind disasters in Xinjiang shows a decreasing trend in both time and space, but the proportion of severe high temperature and low humidity types and dry and hot wind types gradually increases, and the degree of disasters gradually worsens.

【Objective】The 3D visualization function of virtual wheat growth holds significant importance for the quantitative research of wheat growth patterns.【Methods】In order to present the morphological and color changes of virtual wheat during growth, as well as its perception of lighting conditions, PyOpenGL was utilized to construct a 3D visualization system of simulated wheat growth. The system integrated morphological data with model construction, texture mapping, and lighting and shading techniques to simulate dynamic wheat growth and its field environment. The interactive and information display functions of the visual simulation system were designed by using Pyside6 user interface development tool.【Results】The study was based on the morphological characteristics of real wheat and the measured data,design the construction of the visualization system,can dynamically show the changes of wheat growth,real-time display of current wheat information description and simulation of the surrounding environment.【Conclusion】The system can intuitively and coherently present the growth process of wheat,it has a high degree of parameterization and extensibility,the corresponding growth effect can be quickly generated by modifying the basic data and parameters.

【Objective】In order to explore the effects of different organic fertilizers on fresh corn and determine suitable organic fertilizers for different planting needs. 【Methods】two varieties of fresh corn were used as the experimental materials and five different types of organic fertilizers were used as treatments. Soil fertility, agronomic traits, yield, and quality were conduct by comprehensive evaluation. 【Results】The results showed that the application of different organic fertilizers over two years led to a slow increase followed by a decrease in soil available potassium content, while other nutrient components increased annually. Amino acid organic fertilizer had the highest increase in organic matter content (0.32%), followed by microbial organic fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer had the highest increase in available nitrogen (4.75 mg/kg), available phosphorus (2.24 mg/kg), available potassium (13.55 mg/kg), total nitrogen (119.72 mg/kg), total phosphorus (33.28 mg/kg), and total potassium (1384.18 mg/kg) content, followed by amino acid organic fertilizer. Different organic fertilizers had varying effects on the agronomic traits of fresh corn, with the yield index of seaweed organic fertilizer combined with microbial agents being superior to chemical fertilizer. The nutrient content of amino acid organic fertilizer was generally at a higher level in the organic fertilizer treatments.【Conclusion】The results of comprehensive evaluation using membership function method showed that the combination of seaweed organic fertilizer and microbial agents was found to most effectively promote the ability of fresh corn, while amino acid organic fertilizer could maintain high yields while enhancing the nutritional content of fresh corn and soil fertility.

【Objective】So in view of this, our project aims to explore excellent salt tolerant soybean germplasm resources and identify stable expression sites related to salt tolerance.【Methods】In this study, 250 mmol/L NaCl solution was used to simulate the saline-stressed growth environment, and treat 301 soybean seedlings. 7 days later,five traits including total number of roots, number of root tips, total length of roots, root fresh weight,root dry weight were measured and then salt tolerance of soybean seedling was evaluated by principal component analysis(PCA), membership function analysis, and cluster analysis based on stress indices of various indicators, and finally, genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)was conducted based the root trait value under different treatment conditions.【Results】According to the strength of salt tolerance, the 301 materials could be divided into 4 categories. 4 strong salt tolerant varieties were classified as the first category, 73 salt tolerant varieties classified as the second category, 137 moderate salt tolerant varieties classified as the third category, and 87 salt sensitive varieties classified as the fourth category. GWAS showed that under normal treatment, two significant SNP loci were detected in root fresh weight, total root length, and total root number. A total of 7 SNP loci that might be associated with salt tolerance traits in soybean roots were detected under salt stress conditions, including the total number of roots and the number of root tips.【Conclusion】The phenotype of soybean root system is closely related to soybean salt tolerance, and screening sites related to salt tolerance through GWAS provides effective basis for the cultivation of new salt tolerant soybean varieties. A total of 9 significant SNP loci possibly related to salt tolerance traits in soybean roots were detected.

【Objective】To explore the effects of different types of fertilizers on peanut yield formation and nitrogen utilization under border cultivation. 【Methods】Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different types of fertilizers on peanut yield, nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium, calcium nutrient accumulation and distribution, and nitrogen utilizat【Results】The results showed that the pod yield of CFG (Composite fertilizer and calcium fertilizer treatment), BBF (Biochar based fertilizer treatment), and SRF (Slow-release compound fertilizer treatment) were significantly increased by 15.0%, 7.3%, 12.9% compared to CF (Compound fertilizer treatment), respectively. Compared with CF treatment, CFG, BBF, and SRF treatments increased the dry matter accumulation of single plant by 8.2%, 7.1%, and 8.3%, respectively, and also increased the number of pods per plant and the weight of 100 pods, which was beneficial for improving the peanut harvest index. The leaf, pod and total plant nitrogen accumulation were 17.4%, 24.9%, 20.7% and 15.1%, 22.3%, 19.2% higher under CFG and SRF compared with CF, respectively. CFG had the highest total phosphorus accumulation in pods and plants, followed by SRF. There were no significant differences in stem and leaf potassium and calcium accumulation between SRF, BBF, and CFG treatments relative to CF, but potassium and calcium accumulation in pods were significantly higher than those of CF treatments, by 31.6%, 22.2%, 27.5% and 20.7%, 11.1%, 16.2%, respectively. Fertilization application reduced the distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and, calcium in roots, stems, and leaves, and significantly increased the distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus potassium and calcium in pods. Compared with CF treatment, the agronomic efficiency of CFG, SRF, and BBF treatments increased by 56.4%, 27.3%, and 39.6%, respectively. 【Conclusion】The application of compound fertilizer combined with calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and biochar based fertilizer treatment can promote the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in peanut roots, and also promote the distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in reproductive organs and pods, increase pod yield, nitrogen partial productivity, and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency.

【Objective】To investigate the effect of ethylene factor (ERF) on the softening process of melon pulp during storage,this findings has provided reference for post-harvest storage and fresh-keeping of melon.【Methods】The effect of ethrel and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the hardness, protopectin (PP), and water soluble pectin (WSP), cellulose content, enzyme activity related to cell wall metabolism, and the correlation between hardness and cell wall metabolic index of ‘Xizhoumi 25’ melon fruits during postharvest storage were studied. 【Results】Melon was sensitive to both ethephon and 1-MCP treatments. The results showed that 1-MCP treatment slowed down the decrease in fruit firmness, protopectin and cellulose content, and retarded the increase in soluble pectin content. The result of ethephon treatment was opposite to that of-MCP treatment. There was a negative correlation between fruit hardness and PG and Cx activities during storage and the hardness was negatively correlated with PP and cellulose, but positively correlated with WSP.【Conclusion】1-MCP treatment can delay the post-ripening and softening of melon fruit by regulating cell wall metabolism, prolong storage time and reduce economic loss caused by softening.

【Objective】In order to investigate the degree of differences in sulfur sensitivity of melons in different periods, M446 (a high-generation self-compatible line) and DM18 (a high-generation self-compatible line) were used as experimental materials, and a preliminary study was carried out to investigate the influence of the growth effect of melons by spraying sulfur suspension 250 times at different periods of the melons plants. 【Methods】ANOVA, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and subordinate function analysis were used to determine the growth indexes and to evaluate melon materials M446 and DM18 comprehensively. 【Results】Sulfur spraying at different times had different degrees of inhibition on the growth indexes of melons, and the degree of sulfur sensitivity of different melon materials varied to a certain extent; all growth indexes showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the growth period, and the rate of diseased leaves and the sulfur damage index showed an increasing trend with the increase of the growth period. 【Conclusion】The degree of sulfur sensitivity of melon is summarized as fruiting period > vining period > seedling period.

【Objective】To analyze the contents and components of main soluble sugars and organic acids in apricot fruits of different varieties, so as to provide the basis for apricot fruit quality evaluation and varieties improvement.【Methods】The contents and components of soluble sugar and organic acid in two Xinjiang apricot varieties in different developmental stages were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the changes of their components and contents in different developmental stages were analyzed. 【Results】Three main soluble sugars, fructose, glucose and sucrose, were detected in Xinjiang apricot fruit and their contents of three kinds of soluble sugars and total sugars showed an increasing trend during fruit development. In the early stage of fruit development, that was, from the fruitlet to the hardcore stage, glucose was the most important soluble sugar, accounting for 62.4% to 72.8% of the total sugar. With the development of fruit, glucose content began to decrease, while sucrose content obviously started to increase in the turn to full-ripe stage, accounting for 1/3 of the total sugar. The fructose content of different varieties began to increase in the middle and late stages of fruit development. At fruit ripening, glucose and sucrose become the main soluble sugars, accounting for 78.7%-87.3% of the total sugars. The accumulation mode of soluble sugar changed from glucose accumulation mode to glucose and sucrose accumulation mode. Four organic acids, malic acid, citric acid, quinic acid and tartaric acid, were detected in Xinjiang apricot fruit. At ripening stage, the main organic acids in fruit were malic acid, citric acid and quinic acid, accounting for 82.6%-99.8% of the total acids. In the whole development stage, malic acid and tartaric acid showed a downward trend, while citric acid and quinic acid showed an upward trend. From the fruitlet stage to the enlargement stage, both of the varieties were dominated by malic acid and quinic acid. Fromf the color conversion stage of Chang saimaiti, the content of quinic acid increased rapidly, the content of malic acid decreased, and gradually changed from malic acid to quinic acid. The malic acid content of Yilangtumuxiuke decreased rapidly, the citric acid increased rapidly, the tartaric acid decreased gradually, and the quinic acid did not change significantly.【Conclusion】In the later stage of fruit development, soluble sugars change from glucose to sucrose and glucose, organic acids change from malic acid to malic acid and quinic acid and citric acid and quinic acid. Quinic acid has little effect on fruit acidity. The soluble sugars and organic acids of different apricot varieties show significant differences in the whole process of fruit development. The difference of sugar and acid components and content cause the difference of taste of apricot fruits of different varieties.

【Objective】This study aims to select suitable grape varieties for Turpan producing area and optimize the grape cultivars structure in the production area. 【Methods】Twelve grape cultivars, including Xinyu, Xinya, Qiuhongbao, Shennongjinhuanghou, Guifeimeigui, Zixiameigui, Lvzhoubaoshi, Huozhouziyu, Huozhoucuiyu, Zitianwuhe, Zicuiwuhe, and Lihongbao were used as materials. Cultivation characteristics and berry quality were compared by field investigations and laboratory analysis method in open field cultivation, and berry quality indexes were analyzed by principal component analysis.【Results】There were differences in phenology, growth and fruiting habits, resistance to powdery mildew and berry quality among the twelve grape cultivars. Shennongjinhuanghou and Guifeimeigui were early maturing cultivars, Xinyu and Xinya were medium maturing cultivars; Huozhoucuiyu and Huozhouziyu were late maturing cultivars, others were mid-late maturing cultivars. Xinyu, Xinya, Qiuhongbao, Huozhouziyu and Zitianwuhe had high yield with the mean yields per plant were 21.13, 30.70, 20.59, 18.22 and 25.70 kg, respectively, and all had strong or moderate growth potential. Guifeimeigui, Qiuhongbao, Huozhoucui and Xinyu were susceptible to powdery mildew, other cultivars were resistant. The cluster mass of Xinyu grape (1,243.11 g) and berry mass (14.12 g) were both the highest, soluble solid content of Guifeimeigui was the highest (22.56 ° Brix), while other cultivars had soluble solid content ranging from 18.15 to 19.82 ° Brix; Lvzhoubaoshi and Huozhoucuiyu had higher titratable acid content than other grapes, 0.55% and 0.54%, respectively. The edible rates of seeded grape cultivars Xinyu and Xinya were relatively high, 98.81% and 98.62%, respectively. The berry quality of the twelve grape cultivars was ranked as follows: Xinyu > Zitianwuhe > Xinya > Qiuhongbao > Zicuiwuhe > Guifeimeigui> Huozhouziyu > Shennongjinhuanghou > Lihongbao > Huozhoucuiyu > Zixiameigui > Lvzhoubaoshi. Cluster analysis showed that twelve grape cultivars could be divided into five categories, each type of grape had its typical characteristics. 【Conclusion】The cultivation characteristics and berry quality of five grape varieties: Xinyu, Xinya, Zitianwuhe, Qiuhongbao and Huozhouziyu are superior to other cultivars, which are suitable for promotion and planting in Turpan area.

【Objective】This study aims to enhance the storage and transportation quality of Xinjiang dried apricots, thus ensuring food safety during processing and minimizing losses from insect pests and economic losses in the industry by applying hypobaric treatment combined with SO₂ fumigation to manage insect pests in order to reduce SO₂ residues and mitigate storage losses of dried apricots.【Methods】The efficacy of hypobaric treatment combined with SO₂ fumigation was evaluated using different SO₂ concentrations (250, 500, 1000 μL/L) and six C×T values (0, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 8,000, 10,000 μL/(L·h)). The control effects on eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of Plodia interpunctella in dried apricots were evaluated, along with changes in dried apricots quality.【Results】When the C×T value reached to 10,000 μL/(L·h), the mortality rate of Plodia interpunctella in different life stages reached 100%. Analysis of LT₅₀ and LT₉₅ values revealed the sensitivity order to hypobaric treatment combined with SO₂ fumigation: adult > egg > pupa > larva. This method effectively reduced SO₂ residues, improved food safety, and maintained sensory quality of dried apricots.【Conclusion】Hypobaric treatment combined with SO₂ fumigation shows promise in preventing and controlling Plodia interpunctella infestations and reducing SO₂ residues in dried apricots.

【Objective】This study aims to investigate the selective behavioral response of Orchestes steppensis to five Ulmus (elm) leaf species and analyze the volatile composition of these leaves. The goal is to find out whether plant volatiles are responsible for the selection preference of O. steppensis for five species of elm. 【Methods】Air was used as a blank control odor source, and the behavioral responses of air-U. pumila, air-U. pumila L. cv. 'Tenue', air-U. davidiana ‘Changzhi’, air-U. densa, and air-U. laciniata were determined using a four-armed olfactometer. On this basis, the behavioral responses of O. steppensis to the above selected elm leaves were determined using a four-armed olfactometer, and the number of males and females arriving at the odor source vials and the time of arrival were recorded to compare the selective preferences of O. steppensis for the leaves of the five species of elm. The volatile components of the five species of elm leaves were detected by solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.【Results】O. steppensis showed no selective behavior for U. laciniata and chose the remaining four elm species, but there was a selective preference, preferring U. pumila, followed by U. pumila L. cv. 'Tenue', then U. densa, and finally U. davidiana. The number of choices made by females for U. pumila, U. pumila L. cv. 'Tenue', and U. densa were all highly significantly higher than those made by males, while there was no significant difference between the number of choices made by male and female adults for U. davidiana. In terms of reaction time, O. steppensis females took the longest time to reach U. davidiana, which was significantly higher than those of U. densa, U. pumila, and U. pumila L. cv. 'Tenue', while males took longer time to reach U. davidiana and U. densa, which was significantly higher than that of U. pumila and U. pumila L. cv. 'Tenue'. The results of the GC-MS analyses showed that a total of 79 compounds were identified from five elm leaf volatiles, and 20, 18, 31, 23 and 10 compounds were detected respectively in U. pumila, U. pumila L. cv. 'Tenue', U. davidiana, U. densa, and U. laciniata leaf volatiles. 【Conclusion】Elm leaf volatiles are responsible for O. steppensis feeding preferences on five species of elm.

【Objective】To explore the structure and diversity characteristics of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of lavender with different continuous cropping years, as well as their evolutionary patterns.This article provides reference for the scientific management and growth and yield increase of lavender soil.【Methods】Three sets of soil samples were collected from Huocheng County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, with different crop continuously years and without lavender planted. The 16S rDNA sequence was subjected to high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Afterwards, the sequencing results were analyzed, the bacterial diversity and community distribution patterns of each sample group were compared to find their correlation with planting years.【Results】Alpha diversity analysis showed that with the increase of continuous cropping years, both Shannon index and Chao1 index first decreased and then increased. At the phylum level, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were dominant phyla. At the genus level, the dominant bacterial genera were an unclassified genus in the phylum Acidobacteria, the genus Sphingomonas, and the genus Acidophilus. The bacterial community composition of lavender soil with different ages was similar, but the relative abundance varied. Beta diversity also showed significant changes compared to unplanted soil, with the first and fifth years being similar, and both showing significant differences compared to those of the third year.【Conclusion】The continuous cultivation of lavender causes changes in the bacterial community structure and diversity of rhizosphere soil.

【Objective】To screen and mine the microbial species resources by analyzing the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria in the radiation-contaminated area. which provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive mining and utilization of the microbial resources in radiation-contaminated areas. 【Methods】Soil samples were randomly collected from three sites in the high radiation area of a radiation-contaminated area in northwest China, and the composition of soil bacterial communities in the area was analyzed by using Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing technology; the bacteria within the soil were isolated by various screening methods, molecularly identified by using 16S rRNA, and their functional properties were preliminarily studied. 【Results】The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the bacterial domains within the soil samples involved 30 phyla and 384 genera, with the dominant phyla being Firmicutes (52.15%), Proteobacteria (30.17%), Bacteroidota (10.42%) and Actinobacteriota (4.94%). Actinobacteriota, 4.94%). Planococcus (17.45%), Exiguobacterium (13.65%), Bacillus (6.97%) and Pontibacter (6.78%) were the dominant genera. Culturable methods were used to isolate 277 bacterial strains which belonged to 51 genera and 97 species. The dominant bacteria genera were Microvirga (24.91%), Streptomyces (16.25%), Pontibacter (7.22%), Cellulomonas (5.78%), etc. Ten potential new species were isolated, and majority of the obtained strains had strong salinity tolerance and functional enzyme-producing activities. 【Conclusion】The diversity of soil bacteria in radiation-contaminated areas is relatively rich.

【Objective】The germplasm resources of drought tolerant Agropyron cristatum were screened by PEG simulated water stress.【Methods】The seeds of 11 A. cristatum germplasm resources collected were used as the testing materials to evaluate the effects of different Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) concentration on six seed germination indexes (relative germination rate, relative germination potential, relative germination index, relative vitality index, relative seedling height and relative root length), and drought resistance of these materials was was comprehensively evaluated by using the membership function method.【Results】The results showed that PEG simulated drought stress had significant effects on the germination stage of 11 A. cristatum germplasm resources, and there were significant differences among the materials, but the indexes showed a decreasing trend with the increase of PEG concentration. Low concentration of drought stress had a certain promotion on germination indexes of A₁, A₈ and A₉, especially on RGR, RGI and RVI. The germination indexes of 11 A. cristatum germplasm resources was inhibited with the increase of PEG stress concentration, and the inhibition effect on RSH and RRL was stronger, when the concentration reached 25%, the A₃ and A₄ indexes were completely inhibited. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the six indicators, and the correlation coefficient was 0.831 to 0.981, RGP has the highest correlation with RGI. The germination indexes of 11 A. cristatum germplasm resources were evaluated by membership function method and with D value range of 0.387,7 to 0.504,5, and the drought resistance of A1 and A9 was better than those of other materials.【Conclusion】There are differences in the indexes of the germplasm resources at the germination stage of 11 A. cristatum germplasm resources under drought stress with the increase of PEG-6000 concentration, and the drought resistance is as follows: A₁>A₉>A₆>A₂>A₇>A₅>A₈>A₁₀>A₁₁>A₄>A₃.

【Objective】To clarify the impact of Sophora alopecuroides L. extracts on allelopathy of Hami melon seed germination by investigating the interactive effects of soil extracts (continuous cropping for 2 years and 7 years) and different concentrations of Sophora alopecuroides L. (5, 25 and 50 g/L) on the seed germination of Hami melon.【Methods】The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and allelopathy response index of the Hami melon seeds were determined using the filter paper method in Petri dishes.【Results】The continuous cropping soil extracts significantly inhibited the seed germination rate, with a decrement in germination rate of 30.56% and 41.67% respectively. Similarly, Hami melon seed germination rate decreased by 19.44%-61.11% after treatment of Sophora alopecuroides L. water extracts. However, further findings from the interaction effects of continuous cropping soil extracts and Sophora alopecuroides L. extracts on seed germination indicated that low concentration of Sophora alopecuroides L. extracts (5g/L) could clearly reduce the long-term continuous cropping barrier effect of Hami melon (7 years) compared to 2 years. 【Conclusion】Low concentration of Sophora alopecuroides L. (5 g/L) might mitigate the seed germination allelopathy caused by long-term continuous cropping of Hami melon.

【Objective】To study the effects of reclamation and long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and microbial community characteristics (microbial abundance and community structure) in desert soils. 【Methods】Taking the long-term positioning experiment of Fukang Desert Ecological Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences as the platform, 11 management modes were selected: no fertilization (CK [a]), single application of chemical fertilizer (PK [b], NK [c], NP [d], NPK [e], N₂P₂ [f], N₂P₂K [g]), chemical fertilizer with straw (NPKR [h], NPKR₂ [i], N₂P₂R₃ [j]) and chemical fertilizer with manure (NPKM [k]). They were compared with the adjacent native desert soil by collecting 0-20 cm soil layer samples, and then the characteristics of soil organic carbon storage and microbial community in the process of desert reclamation and the relationship between them were analyzed. 【Results】When reclaimed and long-term fertilized soils to adjacent desert soils were compared, reclamation and fertilization significantly increased soil organic carbon storage. In addition, the abundance of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea, and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms was substantially increased, with the following order of enhancement: fungi > bacteria > archaea. Specifically, treatments g, j, and k showed higher increases in both soil organic carbon storage and microbial abundance. 【Conclusion】Desert reclamation and fertilization, through reducing soil pH and salinity, increasing the input of exogenous organic matter and nutrients, have increased the storage of soil organic carbon and the abundance of microorganisms, and changed the structure of the microbial community. The positive effect of vegetation on the formation of soil organic carbon sinks in arid areas, and the importance of chemical fertilizers (especially N and P) combined with organic fertilizers for soil organic carbon storage and microbial abundance in arid regions.

【Objective】The objective of this study is to establish a rapid detection method for PRRSV Nsp2 gene by reverse transcription recombinase-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-RAA) fluorescence. 【Methods】Primers and probes of classical strains and highly virogenic strains were designed to detect the sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA.【Results】The results showed that the proposed method had no cross-reactivity with the nucleic acids of swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV Bartha-K61), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV Purdue) and porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus (TGEV LJX). The minimum detection limit of this method was 1.71×10¹ copies/μL for highly pathogenic strains and 2.19×10³ copies/μL for classical strains. Compared with the PCR method, the sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA fluorescence quantification method were 95.5% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA classical strain fluorescence quantification method were 93.0% and 100%, respectively and the two methods were highly consistent. 【Conclusion】The PRRSV RT-RAA fluorescence method established in this study can distinguish two different strains with good specificity and high sensitivity.

【Objective】The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicines on the growth performance, serum biochemistry and growth hormone of lambs.【Methods】A total of 120 15-day-old lambs with similar newborn weight (3.25±0.52)kg in good body condition were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (3 replicates in each group, 10 sheep in each replicate), 10 sheep in each replicate) and fed lamb starter feed (0 groups), lamb starter feed + 0.2% fermented Chinese herbal medicine (0.2% group), 0.4% fermented Chinese herbal medicine (0.4% group) and 0.6% fermented Chinese herbal medicine (0.6% group) respectively. The test period lasted 45 days.【Results】The results showed that: 1) The body weight of the experimental group at 30 days of age was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The 60-day-old body weight of the 0.2% and 0.6% groups was significantly higher than that of the 0 group (P<0.05). The 21-25 days of age, 26-30 days of age, and 36-40 days of age in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The starter intake (SI) of the 41-45-day-old starting feed in the 0.6% group was significantly higher than that in the 0 group (P<0.01). 2) The contents of anti-tumor factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum of lambs in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The content of protein (GLB) in the serum of lambs in the 0.6% group was significantly lower than that in the 0 group, 0.2% group and 0.4% group (P<0.05). The serum content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the 0.4% and 0.6% groups were significantly higher than those in the 0 group (P<0.01). The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the 0.4% and 0.6% groups were significantly lower than those in the 0 group (P<0.01).【Conclusion】It can be seen that the addition of fermented Chinese herbs to the diet of lambs under the conditions of this experiment can help to improve growth performance, promote the secretion level of growth hormone, increase the body's antioxidant capacity and immune level, thus alleviating the weaning stress of lambs.

【Objective】This project aims to screen out genes and pathways related to the double-coated fleece of Hotan sheep in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for further analysis of the molecular regulation mechanism ofdouble-coated fleece of the sheep.【Methods】The genome-wide SNPs derived from Hotan sheep with double-coated fleece and Chinese Merino sheep with single-coated fleece were used to determine candidate genes associated with double-coated fleece in Hotan sheep. Healthy adult female Hotan sheep and Chinese Merino sheep were selected with 15 individuals each, blood samples were collected from jugular vein, and genomic DNA was extracted for re-sequencing. Selection signal detection was performed based on whole genome SNPs, and top 1% of Fst and θπRatio value were set as thresholds. SNPs harbored in the strongly selected genomic regions were annotated, then GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out to further screen out the candidate genes and biologicalpathways related to the double-coated fleece traits of Hotan sheep. 【Results】Our results showed that totally 732 selected genes were identified by Fst and θπRatio approaches, and these genes were significantly enriched into several KEGG pathways related to wool traits, even 1 biological process pathway related to hair follicle development.【Conclusion】Multiple pathways related to wool traits and five key candidate genes (BMPR2, LPAR6, RARA,CDC6 and BNC1) that may be related to Hotan sheep double-coated fleece were screened.

【Objective】The calving difficulty of Simmental Cattle in China was analyzed by different parity, calving season, calf birth weight, calf sex and calving type.【Methods】Calving information of 18405 cows from 2018 to 2023 was collected from a large-scale cattle farm in Yili, Xinjiang and the least squares analysis of calving difficulty and ease factors was carried out by using SAS9.2 software.【Results】The parity had a significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01). Calving season had significant effect on calving difficulty (P < 0.05). The birth weight of calves had a significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01). The sex of calves had significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01). Calving type (singleton and twin) had a significant effect on calving difficulty (P< 0.01).【Conclusion】The difficult childbirth rate of cows in spring and wither is higher than that in summer;Low temperatares in spring and winter make newborn calves more sensitive to harsh weather conditions;calves with lighter body weight have weaker adaptability to the external environment of the uterus conpared to calves with heavier boby weight; The difficulty of childbirth in male calves is generally higher than that in female calves.