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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry
Prediction of SPAD value of cotton based on UAV multispectral remote sensing and machine learning
FANG Wancheng, LIN Tao, CUI Jianping, JIA Tao, BAO Longlong, WANG Liang, FAN Shiyu, HU Zhengdong, SHAO Yajie, TANG Qiuxiang
2025, 62(5): 1041-1050.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.001
Abstract ( 49 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1880KB) ( 17 )  

【Objective】 Cotton is an important economic crop in Xinjiang, so obtaining cotton chlorophyll content (SPAD value) quickly and accurately on the field scale is of great significance for accurate monitoring of cotton growth status and improving cotton yield and quality prediction. In this study, multi-spectral remote sensing technology combined with machine learning method was used to retrieve the SPAD value of cotton in Aksu area.A feasible method for large area estimation of SPAD value of cotton in the field, and provides an important reference for non-destructive and real-time monitoring of crop growth index. 【Methods】 The split zone design was used in the experiment, three nitrogen application levels and three irrigation quotas were selected. Firstly, the response law of SPAD value of cotton under different water and nitrogen treatments was analyzed. Then the spectral characteristics of cotton multispectral images in different periods were further analyzed and the vegetation index was constructed. The correlation between vegetation index and SPAD value was analyzed, and the vegetation index with high correlation was selected. Four machine learning algorithms were used to model and analyze the SPAD value and multi-spectral index of the whole growth period of experiment 1 and experiment 2, and the optimal monitoring model was selected. The SPAD value of cotton in different periods were predicted and inversed, and the model was verified by different field data. 【Results】 The SPAD value of cotton was estimated by UAV multispectral images and machine learning algorithm, and it was found that different growth periods were significantly affected by irrigation and fertilization conditions. The better estimation accuracy was obtained by screening the appropriate spectral index and modeling with the random forest model, and the estimation result of the model was the best at the flowering and boll stage, and the estimation progress R2 of the model was between 0.68 and 0.73. The RF model had good stability in estimating the SPAD value of leaves among different fields. 【Conclusion】 The estimation of SPAD value of cotton leaves by RF algorithm based on UAV multispectral image calculation has good accuracy and stability.

Effects of different amounts of drip irrigation water and DPC on population structure, yield, quality and production cost of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang
LIAO Xingyang, WANG Fangyong, FU Jihai, CHEN Weiming, HAN Huanyong
2025, 62(5): 1051-1063.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.002
Abstract ( 43 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1521KB) ( 7 )  

【Objective】 To explore the regulation effect of drip irrigation-chemical control collaborative management on cotton and the cotton planting management measures to further improve the efficiency of cotton planting. 【Methods】 The new machine-picked cotton variety Huiyuan 720 was used as the test material, and the two-factor split-plot design was adopted. The drip treatment was set as the main area, and three levels of 6,000 m3/hm2 ( W1 ), 4,500 m3/hm2 ( W2 ) and 3,000 m3/hm2 ( W3 ) were set. The dose of mepiquat chloride (DPC) in the topping stage ( July 4 ) was set as the sub-area, and 90 g/hm2 ( D1 ) was set. 180 g/hm2 (D2) ; 270 g/hm2 (D3), and artificial topping as control CK. Then the canopy structure, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of each treatment were measured. 【Results】 (1) The increase of leaf area index of whole plant in W1 and W2 treatments was significantly higher than that in W3 treatment by 32.42% and 18.96%. The canopy openness in W3CK treatment was significantly higher than those in W1CK and W2CK treatments by 47.83% and 17.24%. Light transmittance increased with decreasing drip water and increasing DPC dose. Reflectivity decreased with decreasing drip water and increasing DPC dose. (2) The total dry matter accumulation exhibited the sequence W1>W2>W3; D1>D2>D3>CK. The proportion of dry matter in reproductive organs in W3CK, W2D2 treatments was significantly higher than that in W1D1 treatment by 16.67% and 9.52%. The seed cotton yield and lint yield of W2D2 treatment were notably high. 【Conclusion】 In summary, under the experimental conditions, employing a drip volume of 4,500 m3/hm2 alongside 180 g/hm2 of DPC proves effective in reducing planting costs while also regulating the accumulation and distribution of dry matter.

The effect of different irrigation frequencies on the growth indicators and yield of upland cotton
ZHANG Mengke, LIN Li, LIN Hao, HUI Ruihan, YANG Kepan
2025, 62(5): 1064-1074.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.003
Abstract ( 34 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1314KB) ( 6 )  

【Objective】 To explore the optimal irrigation frequency for cotton under film drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 This experiment used Xin luzhong 54 as the experimental cotton. Through field experiments, four different irrigation frequency treatments were set up: 2 d/time (D2), 4 d/time (D4), 6 d/time (D6), and 8 d/time (D8). The conventional irrigation (CK) of farmers was used as a control treatment to study the response of cotton growth indicators, yield composition, and water use efficiency to different irrigation frequencies. Finally, the objective analysis entropy weight method was used to optimize the irrigation frequency suitable for subsurface drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang.【Results】 Increasing irrigation frequency could promote the growth of cotton plant height, stem diameter, and biomass, and reach the maximum value during the opening period. D2 treatment significantly increased by 9.53%, 20.83%, and 32.03% compared to CK treatment (P<0.05); with the increase of irrigation frequency, the number of bolls per plant and yield of cotton gradually increased. The D2 treatment produced the highest number, reaching 9.21 and 7,546.35 kg/hm2 respectively, but the water consumption was also the highest, at 477.80 mm. The D4 treatment had the highest water use efficiency, at 1.59 kg/m3; The entropy weight results showed that D2 treatment had the highest evaluation result. 【Conclusion】 The experimental results show that under the film drip irrigation of sandy loam soil in southern Xinjiang, when the irrigation quota during the growth period is 3,750 m3/hm2, the entire growth period is irrigated 40 times, and the optimal irrigation cycle is 2 days.

Effects of potassium fertilizer rationing and dosage on the growth, development and yield of cotton under membrane drip irrigation
MU Guangrong, LI Jie, Gulnaz Jurat, LOU Shanwei, Parhat Mamat, MA Tengfei, ZHANG Pengzhong, WU Xianglin, ZHANG Lizhen, Batur Bake
2025, 62(5): 1075-1083.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.004
Abstract ( 32 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1402KB) ( 6 )  

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of potash fertilizer distribution and dosage in cotton production and clarify the most suitable potassium application level for cotton growth under drip irrigation under membrane in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Four potash dosages were set, i.e., 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/hm2 of pure potassium (K2O), which were expressed as K1, K2, K3 and K4, respectively; and two kinds of potash fertilizers, i.e., potassium sulphate and potassium sulphate+potassium humate (1:1 ratio), which were expressed as A and B, with eight treatments in total, and no potash fertilizers were applied to CK as the control. 【Results】 The experiment showed that plant height of cotton in all treatments was greater in AK4 treatment, but not significantly different from BK4. Stem thickness reached the maximum in BK4 treatment, but there was no significant difference with AK3, AK4 and BK3;SPAD value showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing in each treatment, and reached the maximum in AK4 treatment in the boll stage, but there was no significant difference with AK3, BK3 and BK4; Dry matter accumulation increased slowly and then rapidly with the progress of fertility, and reached the maximum at the full-bell stage, and the dry matter accumulation of BK4 treatment was the highest among all treatments, but there was no significant difference with AK3, AK4 and BK3; Intercellular CO2 concentration and net photosynthetic rate at the boll stage increased with the increase of fertilizer application, and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased and then increased with the increase of fertilizer application. The seed cotton yield of both potash treatments increased with the increase of fertilizer application, and the BK4 treatment had the highest yield, but there was no significant difference with AK3, AK4 and BK3. 【Conclusion】 Considering the factors together, potassium sulfate compounded with potassium humate treatment is superior to potassium sulfate treatment alone, and BK3 treatment is the best treatment.

Mapping and genetic effect analysis of QTL for cotton seed oil content
DING Shugen, SHI Yujie, Abudukeyoumu Abudurezike, XU Lin, WU Yuanlong, LI Zhibo, LIN Hairong, ZHAO Zengqiang, NIE Xinhui
2025, 62(5): 1084-1091.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.005
Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1463KB) ( 2 )  

【Objective】 Based on SSR (Simple sequence repeat) markers, we aim to conduct correlation analysis on cotton SOC (Seed oil content), mine excellent allelic variation sites, and analyze the genetic mechanism of cotton seed oil content traits in the hope of providing a theoretical reference for cotton high-oil content breeding.【Methods】 145 pairs of SSR markers covering the entire cotton genome were screened to conduct polymorphism scanning on 245 cotton varieties; R language was used to draw population phenotype distribution and correlation diagrams, and the mixed linear model of TASSEL software was used to perform correlation analysis, and mine excellent allelic variation sites related to SOC.【Results】 34 allelic variation sites related to SOC were obtained (P<0.05). The explanation rate of phenotypic variation ranged from 1.83% to 8.7%, with an average value of 5.70%. 【Conclusion】 This study used correlation analysis to 34 sites related to oil content and cotton fiber quality and yield were discovered 9 sites.

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on growth, development and yield composition of cotton
CHEN Chuangzhou, ZHANG Yan, Halihash Yibati, SHE Lingyi, FAN Linxin, ZHANG You
2025, 62(5): 1092-1101.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.006
Abstract ( 29 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1177KB) ( 5 )  

【Objective】 The effects of different nitrogen application rates on cotton growth, yield and soil nutrients in cotton fields were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for scientific and rational nitrogen application of cotton. 【Methods】 Nitrogen gradient tests of 0(N0),120(N120),240(N240),360(N360)and 480(N480) kg/hm2 were conducted in Hailou Town, Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2021 and 2022. Cotton plant samples were collected at seedling stage, bud stage, flowering stage, boll stage and batting stage, and were divided into stem, leaf, bud + flower + shell, batting and seed according to organ tissue, and the dry matter quality and yield were determined. After harvesting cotton, 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil were collected in each plot, and soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and electrical conductivity were measured. 【Results】 During the growing period of cotton, dry matter accumulation increased at first and then decreased. Among them, N240 treated the largest amount of dry matter accumulation, 16,696 kg /hm2 in 2021 and 12,167 kg /hm2 in 2022. With the progress of growth stage, the proportion of dry matter in vegetative organs of cotton gradually decreased, and the proportion of dry matter in stems decreased from 35.50% in seedling stage to 31.10% in flopping stage. The proportion of dry matter in leaves decreased from 63.51% in seedling stage to 19.11% in batting stage. The proportion of dry matter in reproductive organs increased gradually from 7.82% in bud stage to 42.55% in floc stage. Nitrogen application can significantly improve cotton boll weight per plant, boll number per plant and yield, and cotton yield conforms to the fertilizer effect function relationship of linear addition platform with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Among them, cotton yield under N240 treatment is the highest, which will be 4,960 kg/hm2 in 2021 and 6,172 kg/hm2 in 2022, respectively. Compared with N0 treatment, the yield increased by 23.26% and 31.70%, respectively. Nitrogen application in the same soil layer had no significant effects on organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, electrical conductivity and pH value of cotton field, but had significant effects on alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. With the increase of nitrogen application, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen also increased, and the soil nutrient in 0-20cm was higher than that in 20-40cm.【Conclusion】 Based on the changes of dry matter accumulation and distribution of cotton during the growth period, combined with the effects of nitrogen application on yield and component factors, and the changes of soil nutrients in cotton field after harvest, according to the cotton fertilizer effect model, the recommended nitrogen application amount of soil tested in 2021 and 2022 is 256 and 217 kg/hm2, respectively.

A rapid determination method for inulin and total sugar content in araxacum kok-saghyz Rodin based on near-infrared spectroscopy
CHEN Runfeng, GAO Qiang, YAN Qingqing, XU Lin, Tuhanguli Touheti, ZHANG Yan, ZHENG Lipeng, REN Hailong, NIE Qiuhai
2025, 62(5): 1102-1110.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.007
Abstract ( 32 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1199KB) ( 5 )  

【Objective】 This study aims to develop a green, low-cost, rapid detection technique for inulin and total sugar content in the roots of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin(TKS) using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, thereby advancing research in cultivation and breeding of TKS.【Methods】 This study involved 103 dry root powder samples of TKS (Rubber Grass). Spectra were collected using the FOSS NIRSTM DS2500F SR near-infrared spectrometer (wavelength range 850-2500 nm) by Foss Company. Enzyme labeling method was employed to measure the total sugar and reducing sugar content in the root samples and the inulin content was calculated by subtracting the reducing sugar content from the total sugar content. The SPXY algorithm was utilized to divide the samples into training and validation sets. Pretreatments on the raw spectral data included Moving Window Smoothing (MWS), Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and First Derivative (FD). Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) was applied for wavelength selection, followed by establishing Partial Least Squares (PLS) prediction models for inulin and total sugar content in TKS roots.【Results】 The content range of total sugar, reducing sugar, and inulin in the sample set was 9.79%-51.85%, 3.11%-8.98%, and 6.41%-45.35%, respectively, with variation coefficients of 34.18%, 32.61%, and 39.46%. The samples were divided into calibration and validation sets at a ratio of 4∶1 using the SPXY algorithm, with each set containing 82 and 21 samples for both total sugar and inulin. The optimal PLS prediction model for inulin content utilized MWS-SNV-CARS preprocessing, achieving a validation set correlation coefficient (Rv) of 0.942, a root mean square error (RMSEv) of 2.515, and a relative performance deviation (RPDv) of 2.977. For total sugar, the best PLS model also employed MWS-SNV-CARS preprocessing, reaching an Rv of 0.949, RMSEv of 2.490, and RPDv of 3.175. Both models exhibited RPDv values exceeding 2.5, indicating good performance. 【Conclusion】 NIR spectroscopy proves to be an effective method for the green, low-cost, and rapid quantitative determination of inulin and total sugar contents in the roots of TKS.

Analysis and evaluation of potato quality traits of different potato varieties in Xinjiang
FAN Depeng, CHEN Yupeng, SHI Jie, JU Yanjun, XING Binde, JIANG Yinghong, LIU Yi, ZHAO Duoyong
2025, 62(5): 1111-1120.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.008
Abstract ( 25 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1763KB) ( 4 )  

【Objective】 The main quality traits of different potato varieties in Xinjiang were studied to provide reference for the resource utilization of fresh and processed potato varieties in Xinjiang in the future. 【Methods】 Forty-three potato varieties with good comprehensive traits were collected from Xinjiang, and the indexes of dry matter, starch and soluble sugar were determined. The quality traits of different potato varieties were analyzed by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The soluble sugar content of 43 potato varieties was (1.6±0.54)%. The mass fraction of soluble solids was (6.84±1.7)%. The dry matter mass fraction was (22.23±5.21)%. The mass fraction of amylose was (25.47±2.59)%. The mass fraction of amylopectin was (63.92±4.92)%. The total starch content was (89.39±6.53)%. Total starch content was significantly positively correlated with amylopectin content (P<0.01) and amylose content (P<0.01), but negatively correlated with soluble sugar content. Cluster analysis divided the 43 potato species into three groups. Group I, including T10 and Beifang 001, was characterized by higher soluble sugar content. Group II, including Qingshu 107 and Mengwushu 4, exhibited higher amylose content. Group III, including Zhongshuzao 39 and Tianshu 16, showed higher soluble solid content, dry matter content, amylopectin content, and total starch content. 【Conclusion】 Potatoes from the Zhaosu production area generally exhibit higher levels of soluble sugars, soluble solids, dry matter, and amylose, with overall quality superior to those from the Yecheng production area. Thirteen varieties, including Beifang 001, Zhongshuzao 39, Zhongshuzao 45, Zhongshu Zi 5, Weilasi, Longshu 3, Guohong, T9, Longshu 26, L1631-14, Lishu 29, Dafeng 3, Xisen 6, are suitable for processing fried food. Twenty two varieties, including L1631-14, Xisen 6, Longshu 6, Jintongshu 3, Linshu 18 and Zhongshu 32, are suitable for fresh food, with soluble sugar content higher than 1.6%. The 43 potato species are classified into three groups, with multiple quality traits in Group III being superior to those in other groups, which provides a basis for their promotion and cultivation.

Comparative transcriptome analysis between two potato varieties with different salt-tolerance and further identification of potato salt-tolerance genes
WANG Yaling, JIANG Yinghong, SUN Hui, LIU Yi
2025, 62(5): 1121-1130.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.009
Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1594KB) ( 5 )  

【Objective】 To discover candidate genes related to salt tolerance in potatoes and provide theoretical basis for the identification and evaluation of salt tolerance in potatoes and the exploration of salt tolerance genes. 【Methods】 The salt tolerant variety Jinshu 16 and salt sensitive variety Jizhangshu 12 were used as test materials. Salt stress treatments were carried out using 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% NaCl solutions. On the 8th day, plant phenotypes and physiological and biochemical indicators were analyzed. Subsequently, a 1% salt concentration was selected for treatment, and transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the two varieties. 【Results】 Compared to Jizhangshu 12, Jinshu 16 had lower malondialdehyde content under salt stress conditions. Transcriptome data showed significant differences in plant hormone signaling pathways and flavonoid metabolism pathways between the two varieties. 【Conclusion】 Based on the above results, several differentially expressed genes related to plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid metabolism are screened, which provides genetic resources for improving salt tolerance in potatoes.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering
Molecular characteristics and promoter analysis of Slβ-Hex gene in tomato
ZHANG Xiying, LIU Jiangna, BAI Yunfeng, LI Rongxia, ZHANG Aiping
2025, 62(5): 1131-1138.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.010
Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1220KB) ( 2 )  

【Objective】 Playing an important role in fruit ripening and softening, In order to inactivate the tomato cell wall glycoside hydrolase gene β-Hex by mutation of CRISPR-Cas system and inhibit the degradation of n-glycoprotein and the production of free n-glycan, to reduce the degree of hydrolytic softening of cell wall and regulate the excessive softening of tomato fruit lay the foundation for further research.CRISPR-Cas gene editing system will be used to regulate tomato fruit softening by site-specific mutation. 【Methods】 The characteristics, conserved domain, genome structure, digital expression profile and promoter cis-acting elements of Slβ-Hex polypeptide were systematically analyzed using biological online tools, and suitable sgRNAs were designed and screened according to CRISPR-Cas9 target design principles to promote the construction of tomato gene editing efficient expression vector.【Results】 Tomato SLβhex gene was located on the complementary chain of tomato chromosome 1, and composed of 2 exons and 1 intron, encoding 575 amino acids. Transcriptome analysis of Slβ-Hex based on RNA-seq showed that Slβ-Hex was mainly expressed in the fruit of tomato, especially in the peel. The positive chain of the promoter distributed 7 Sgrnas, negative chain distributed 20 Sgrnas, of which 10 Sgrnas contained 16 cis-acting elements. 【Conclusion】 High-specific sgRNA is selected for gene editing to mutate the cis-element sequence and inhibit the expression of Slβ-Hex.

Screening of high quality multi-resistance cherry tomato parental resources
WANG Shanshan, WANG Chenyu, YANG Chaosha, CAI Xiaoyi, YIN Weiping, YIN Qingzhen
2025, 62(5): 1139-1150.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.011
Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1218KB) ( 2 )  

【Objective】 To comprehensively evaluate the high generation inbred lines of cherry tomato and screen the high quality and multi-resistant parental materials in the hope of providing germplasm resources for cherry tomato breeding. 【Methods】 42 high generation inbred lines of cherry tomato were used as materials to analyze and evaluate 12 traits (fruit transverse diameter, fruit longitudinal length, flesh thickness, fruit weight per fruit, soluble solid content, total acid content, solid acid ratio, soluble sugar content, fructose content, sucrose content, malic acid content, vitamin C content) by factor analysis. The resistance genes were detected by PARMS method. 【Results】 The top three in the overall ranking were No. 599, No. 596 and No. 601. The three fruits had good shape, high soluble solid content, high soluble sugar, fructose and vitamin C content, and poor resistance, so they could be used as high-quality cherry tomato parent resources. No. 580 ranked 4th overall, with good quality and 5 resistance genes, which could be used as high-quality multi-resistance cherry tomato parental resources. The overall quality ranking of No. 531 was 24, but it had more resistance genes and contained 6 pure resistance genes, which could be used for breeding resistant cherry tomato. 【Conclusion】 Three high-quality cherry tomatoes, one high-quality disease-resistant cherry tomato material and one disease-resistant cherry tomato are selected, which can be used as parent resources for cultivating cherry tomatoes with different characteristics.

Studies on the effects of alkaloids of bitter bean seeds on the quality of watermelon
WU Bin, WU Haibo, LIU Xiangyu, ZHAO Long
2025, 62(5): 1151-1158.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.012
Abstract ( 32 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (947KB) ( 7 )  

【Objective】 To explore the effects of the application of bitter bean seed alkaloids with special fertilizers for melons and fruits and urea on the yield and quality of watermelon and clarify its effects on the yield and quality of watermelon. 【Methods】 A field trial was conducted with watermelon varieties: Black Pearl (A1), New Superior No. 2 (A2) and Anon No. 2 (A3) as the test materials, and four treatments were set up in the trial, with three replications for each treatment: treatment 1 (T1): aqueous solution of bitter bean seed alkaloids; treatment 2 (T2): special fertilizer for melons and fruits; treatment 3 (T3): urea; and treatment 4 (CK): a control conventional basal fertilizer treatment, respectively. The effects of bitter bean alkaloid application on the yield and quality of three watermelon varieties were analyzed. 【Results】 The treatment with aqueous solution of bitter bean seed alkaloids significantly increased the economic and biological yields of the three watermelon varieties; significantly increased the soluble solids, vitamin C content and fruit hardness, and reduced the nitrate content and fruit hollowness. The three varieties showed better yield increase and improvement in single fruit weight, yield, soluble solids content, hardness, fruit hollowness, nitrate content and vitamin C content. Single fruit weight increased by 59.95%, 73.03% and 55.52%, respectively, compared with control CK. Yield increased by 59.45%, 74.98% and 57.91% over control CK, respectively. Soluble solids content increased by 49.46%, 47.38% and 44.95% over control CK, respectively. Hardness increased by 28.16%, 25.98% and 47.38% over control, respectively. Fruit hollowness was reduced by 92.38%, 83.96% and 86.3%, respectively, over the control. Nitrate content was reduced by 25%, 30.94% and 34.64%, respectively, over the control. Vitamin C content increased by 69.84%, 73.08% and 65.67%, respectively, over the control. 【Conclusion】 Bitter bean seed alkaloids can significantly increase the soluble solids content, vitamin C content, hardness and ripeness of watermelon, while reducing nitrate content and fruit hollowness. And the application with conventional compound fertilizer has a significant effect on the yield and fruit quality among its various watermelon varieties, and performs better in a number of testing indexes.

Study on the mechanism of different forms of selenium on antioxidant ability and selenium metabolism of Hui jujube
YUAN Yuting, LIU Defen, SUN Wanjin, JIA Wenzhao, MA Shengjun, KANG Lu
2025, 62(5): 1159-1169.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.013
Abstract ( 26 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2021KB) ( 5 )  

【Objective】 To study the effects of sodium selenite, nano-selenium and organic selenium on the appearance, antioxidant capacity and selenium metabolism of Hui jujube in the hope of providing theoretical basis for analyzing the accumulation mechanism of different selenium forms in plants. 【Methods】 Three treatments, sodium selenite, nano-selenium and organic selenium, were set up to determine the appearance of leaves and fruits, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression levels, selenoamino acids and gene expression levels related to selenium metabolism before and after treatment. 【Results】 After the application of nano-selenium, sodium selenite and organic selenium, the appearance morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression, selenoamino acid content and selenium metabolization-related gene expression levels of Hui jujube were significantly increased, among which the hardness of Hui jujube increased by 14.40%-19.59%, soluble solid increased by 23.77%-37.43%. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and gene expression were increased by 10.23%-110.41% and 8.18%-123.91%, respectively, total selenium content was increased by 3.09-34.14 times, selenometine (SeMet) was increased by 100.00%-346.15%. Cysteine desulphurase (CysD) gene expression increased by 18.13%-195.43%. 【Conclusion】 After nano-selenium, sodium selenite and organic selenium are transformed into selenoamino acids after spraying, different forms of selenium have effects on the appearance, antioxidant capacity and selenoamino acids of Hui jujube. In conclusion, organic selenium treatment is superior to sodium selenite and nano-selenium treatment.

Effects of nitric oxide (NO) hypobaric treatment on reactive oxygen species metabolism of Xizhou Honey No.17 cantaloupe
ZHAO Zhenyu, XING Shijun, YUAN Yuyao, ZHANG Zhen, ZHANG Hao, WANG Chengwei, WU Bin, WEI Jia
2025, 62(5): 1170-1178.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.014
Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1470KB) ( 3 )  

【Objective】 To investigate the inhibitory impact of hypobaric treatment combined with NO fumigation on the postharvest senescence of cantaloupe.【Methods】 The Xinjiang characteristic variety, Xizhoumi 17 was chosen as the experimental material. A concentration of 60 μL/L of NO was used for fumigation treatment under pressure of 20 KPa. The postharvest quality and enzyme activities associated with reactive oxygen species metabolism (ROS) were analyzed, aiming to explore the relationship between fruit senescence progression and ROS metabolism.【Results】 The fumigation treatment of 20 KPa + 60 μL/L NO was the most suitable fumigation method, which effectively delayed the decrease of fruit firmness; reduced the weight loss and decay rate of fruit; delayed the decrease of fruit soluble solids and titratable acid; significantly inhibited the increase of respiration intensity, conductivity and malondialdehyde; maintained the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (67.36%, 69.96%, 34.34%), and consequently maintained the scavenging capacity of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (SOD) activities (67.36%, 69.96%, and 34.34%), which in turn maintained the scavenging capacity of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide.【Conclusion】 Hypobaric treatment combined with NO fumigation effectively enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes and alleviate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cantaloupe. This reduction in oxidative damage prolonged the postharvest quality and preservation of the fruit.

Effects of different pretreatments combined in hot air and microwave coupled drying of jujube on drying characteristics and quality
JIA Wenting, LI Wenqi, YANG Hui, LI Ziqin, JIN Xinwen
2025, 62(5): 1179-1190.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.015
Abstract ( 24 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1487KB) ( 3 )  

【Objective】 Effects of different pretreatments combined in hot air and microwave coupled drying of jujube on drying characteristics and quality.【Methods】 Three different pretreatment techniques: blanching, ethyl oleate combined with pre-freezing and carbon dioxide impregnation were applied to hot-air and microwave coupling drying of jujube. The drying rate, unit energy consumption, quality and aroma components of the products were analyzed. 【Results】 The drying rate of each treatment group was significantly increased, indicating that pretreatment could improve the drying rate of jujube, and the drying rate of ethyl oleate combined with pre-freezing treatment group was the highest ; The color a* value of each treatment group increased, indicating that pretreatment could improve the color of dried jujube products. The ΔE* value of the carbon dioxide impregnation treatment group was the smallest, and the color was very similar to that of the fresh ones; The content of active ingredients such as vitamin C, phenols and ketones in the dried jujube samples of the carbon dioxide impregnation treatment group was the highest, and the antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability was high, which had the best nutritional quality ; Microstructure detection indicated that the internal structure of the carbon dioxide impregnation treatment group was porous, which was beneficial to speed up the drying rate and reduce the drying energy consumption; There were significant differences in volatile components among different treatment groups, and the blanching treatment group had more volatile components.【Conclusion】 Although the drying rate of ethyl oleate combined with pre-freezing treatment group is high, the product quality is poor and the loss of active ingredients is serious. Blanching treatment has more volatile substances, but its drying rate is low. Considering energy saving, high efficiency and product quality, carbon dioxide immersion treatment is a suitable pretreatment method for hot-air and microwave coupled drying of jujube.

Evaluation of the growth potential of young trees of Qingzhen 1 and different combinations of varieties
FENG Beibei, MEI Chuang, Aishajiang Buymati, ZHAO Yue, YAN Peng, WANG Jixun
2025, 62(5): 1191-1198.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.016
Abstract ( 24 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (702KB) ( 2 )  

【Objective】 To observe the performance of growth potential of Qingzhen 1 and different varieties of scion combinations in Aksu area, and screen out suitable rootstock combinations for growth in Aksu area.【Methods】 Statistics on plant height, rootstock cross-sectional area, scion cross-sectional area, short branch rate, medium branch rate, long branch rate, total branch volume, number of flower buds, and flowering plant rate of Qingzhen 1 and nine different varieties of scion combinations were conducted for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020.【Results】 The plant heights of Miyazaki and Honey Crisp were the lowest in 2018-2019, 114.67cm and 129.33cm in 2018, respectively, and in 2019 for Miyazaki 140.00cm, which was significantly lower than those of the other rootstock combinations, and Honey Crisp 144.67cm. in 2020, the lowest plant height was recorded for the combination of Short Branch 2001/ Qingzhen 1 at 213.33cm, the smallest rootstock cross-sectional area in 2018-2019 was the Honey Crisp/ Qingzhen 1 combination with 188.51 and 336.21mm2, respectively, and in 2020 the rootstock cross-sectional area reached 1794.37mm2, the coefficient of variation increased from 6.71% to 16.78% and then to 38.56%, and the neatness kept deteriorating. The smallest rootstock cross-sectional area in 2020 was the Miyazaki /Qingzhen1 combination with 1072.36mm2, but the coefficient of variation was 42.14%, and the neatness was the worst among all the combinations. The smallest cross-sectional area of scion in 2018-2019 was Honey Crisp/ Qingzhen 1 with 172.89 and 325.95mm2 respectively, and a larger percentage of branch composition from 2018-2020 was the long branch type. 2020 was dominated by Yanfu 7/ Qingzhen 1, Yanfu 8/ Qingzhen 1, Ruiyang/ Qingzhen 1, and Honey Crisp/ Qingzhen 1 combinations had a bud the number of flower buds over 35. 【Conclusion】 In the comprehensive evaluation of eight growth potential indexes of nine varieties and Qingzhen 1, the rankings are Ruiyang/Qingzhen 1>Miyazaki/Qingzhen 1>Mingyue/Qingzhen 1>Yanfu 7/ Qingzhen 1>Yanfu 8/Qingzhen 1>Jin 18/ Qingzhen 1>Short Branch 2001/ Qingzhen 1>Honey Crisp/ Qingzhen 1>Lifu/ Qingzhen 1.

Lycium Barbarum the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of fruit polyphenolic compounds
CHEN Yupeng, WANG Yujie, JU Yanjun, NIU Shuhui, MA Lei, LIU Zhihu, ZHANG Qin, LIU Hejiang, ZHAO Duoyong
2025, 62(5): 1199-1207.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.017
Abstract ( 27 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1495KB) ( 5 )  

【Objective】 This study compared the composition and content differences of polyphenols in Lycium barbarum from different origins, cultivars and interannual periods, with the aim of providing a new guarantee for the in-depth study of food bioactivities of dual-purpose medicine and food, as well as the development of new products.【Methods】 90 Lycium barbarum samples were collected from three provinces of Xinjiang, Ningxia and Gansu, and the contents of 20 polyphenolic compounds were simultaneously determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the differences between different origins, varieties and interannual periods were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD multiple comparison method, and combined principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for analysis. 【Results】 The results showed that there were significant differences in the content and composition of polyphenolic compounds in Lycium barbarum from different production origins, varieties and interannual periods (P<0.05).The top three polyphenolic compounds in Lycium barbarum samples from provinces and origins were p-coumaric acid (4.06±1.99) mg/kg, quinic acid (3.77±1.31) mg/kg and ferulic acid (1.32±0.83) mg/kg. The contents of 20 polyphenols in Xinjiang and Ningxia Lycium barbarum were significantly higher than those in Gansu (P<0.05); the total contents of 20 polyphenol compounds in Ningqi 7# and Ningqi 9# samples were significantly higher than those in Ningqi 5# (P<0.05); the contents of flavonoids in 2022 Lycium barbarum samples were significantly higher than those in 2021 (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation between the content of quercitrin, quercetin, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid and the total polyphenol content. The principal component analysis shows that the cumulative contribution rate of PC1 and PC2 from different origins, different varieties and different years is 72.54%, 75.87% and 80.4%, respectively, which can better reflect the comprehensive information of Lycium barbarum polyphenols and effectively discriminate Lycium barbarum from different origins. 【Conclusion】 The content of monomeric polyphenolic compounds in Lycium barbarum is strongly influenced by origin and inter-years, but less influenced by cultivar factors. The content of coumaric acid in Lycium barbarum is high, while the phenolic composition and relatively high.

Effects of light on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. Seedlings
CHEN Bingquan, CHEN Hong, ZHAO Shanchao, GUO Laizhen, ZHAO Xin, CHEN Junjie, HAN Jue
2025, 62(5): 1208-1218.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.018
Abstract ( 26 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1602KB) ( 3 )  

【Objective】 To discuss the adaptation of S.tianschanica Rupr. to light intensity by analyzing the leaf stomata characteristics and photosynthetic physiological changes of Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. seedlings under different light intensity, in the hope of providing reference for the conservation and domestication of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings. 【Methods】 Two year seedlings of S.tianschanica Rupr. were used as materials, and four light gradients (L1:50%, L2:30%, L3:10% and CK: 100%) were set up by sunshade nets with different number of needles to conduct pot experiments, and the changes of stomata characteristics, photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings under different light intensities were analyzed. 【Results】 The seedlings of S.tianschanica Rupr. had the best growth under L2 treatment, and their seedling height and ground diameter were the largest. The results showed that with the decrease of light intensity, the stomatal density of S.tianschanica Rupr. leaves gradually increased and there were significant differences among different treatments (P < 0.05), but the changes of leaf stomatal length, width, perimeter, area and opening under different light conditions were not significant (P > 0.05). The Pn, Gs and Tr of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings increased first and then decreased with the decrease of light intensity, and Ci increased gradually. Under L2 treatment, the Pn of the leaves was the highest, 17.07 μmol/(m2·s). The Fv/Fm of the leaves increased with the decrease of light intensity, and the Fv/Fm of the leaves under all treatments was significantly higher than that under CK treatment (P < 0.05). The ETR of leaves reached the highest level in L2 treatment, and there were significant differences in ETR of leaves between treatments (P < 0.05). The diameter of ФPSⅡ of the leaves was L1 > L2 > CK > L3. The contents of Chl a, Chl b, Chl t and Car increased with the decrease of light intensity, and Chl a/b decreased with the decrease of light intensity. Light intensity was positively correlated with Pn and Tr (P < 0.01), and Fv/Fm was positively correlated with ETR, Chl a, Chl b and Chl t contents (P < 0.01). 【Conclusion】 The results show that the light intensity of L2 treatment (light intensity of 30%) has more potential to promote photosynthesis and growth of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings. moderate shading should be carried out to improve the quality of seedlings and introduce and cultivate them.

Plant Protection
Development of SNP molecular markers applied to genetic structure analysis of wheat stripe rust fungus
LAI Hailin, LI Jin, SHEN Yuyang, DE Feifei, YANG Hong, LI Guangkuo, LI Yue, GAO Haifeng
2025, 62(5): 1219-1225.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.019
Abstract ( 26 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (819KB) ( 4 )  

【Objective】 This project aims to develop new KASP-SNP primers to reveal the differences in genetic structure among Puccinia striiformis f. sp. trititc populations in different endemic regions. 【Methods】 On the basis of existing SNP loci, we screened SNP loci with suballele frequency > 0.4 and designed KASP-SNP primers to analyze the genetic structure and primer polymorphisms of spring and winter wheat Puccinia striiformis f. sp. trititc in the Ili River Valley. 【Results】 Eighteen pairs of KASP-SNP primers with stable amplification and obvious genotyping effect were finally selected, there were certain genetic differences between the spring and winter wheat stripe rust populations in the Ili River Valley, and the polymorphic information content index of the 18 pairs of primers averaged 0.273,5, and the gene diversity index averaged 0.332,5, which was higher than the SSR average diversity index. 【Conclusion】 The 18 pairs of KASP-SNP primers developed in this study are rich in polymorphism and can be used to analyze the population genetic structure of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. trititc.

Study on the inhibitory effect of fluroxonil and benzosulfuryl ester combined with selenium on Sclerotinia stem rot in sunflower
HU Xin, MA Chaoyang, YU Boran, ZHANG Chenguang, WANG Peng, ZHAO Sifeng, XI Hui, ZHANG Xuekun
2025, 62(5): 1226-1233.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.020
Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1432KB) ( 3 )  

【Objective】 Screened and selected fungicide-selenium co-formulations to reduce fungicide dosage while enhancing their control efficacy against sunflower sclerotinia caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,thereby providing a novel theoretical foundation for managing this disease in Xinjlang.【Methods】 The effects of fluroxonil and benzalpyrimidin on mycelia growth, mycelia morphology, oxalic acid secretion and sclerotium production of S. sclerotiorum were measured after being combined with selenium separately, and their control efficacy on sunflower sclerotinia was verified by pot experiment.【Results】 The combination of 0.5 mg/L fluroxonil and 1 mg/L benzalpyrimidin with 30 mg/L selenium significantly inhibited the mycelium growth and the generation of sclerotium, and the mycelium morphology changed. The secretion of sclerotinic acid decreased significantly after the combination of fluroxonil and selenium. In addition, the combination of two fungicides and selenium could improve the prevention and control effect of Sclerotinia stem rot to a certain extent. 【Conclusion】 Compared with a single dose, the combination of 0.5mg/L fludioxonil, 1mg/L benzyl azoxystrobin and 30mg/L selenium effectively hinder the normal growth and development of S. sclerotiorum, and enhance the protective effect on sunflower.

Analysis of occurrence law of Aphid-borne virus diseases (CMV, WMV and CABYV) of muskmelon
Asiyamu Abudukeyimu, Yushanjiang Maimaiti, HAN Sheng, CAO Xueping, Maihemutijiang Mijiti, ZHOU Tingting
2025, 62(5): 1234-1241.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.021
Abstract ( 35 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 4 )  

【Objective】 To systematically investigate three kinds of melon aphid-borne viral diseases in representative melon production areas of Xinjiang in order to explore the incidence of melon aphid-borne virus diseases,this study findings can provide some guidance to formulate scientific prevention and control measures of melon virus diseases.【Methods】 Molecular techniques were used to identify the virus species in the collected winged aphid and melon plant samples. The incidence of CMV, WMV and CABYV aphids were determined by the number of aphids and the incidence of a disease in the field. 209 melon samples collected in the field were detected by qRT-PCR. 【Results】 The results showed that the average detection rates of CMV, WMV and CABYV were 53.62%, 44.38% and 35.97% respectively. The average detection rates of CMV, WMV and CAMYV of the 270 samples were 19.75%, 16.38% and 13.95% respectively. The number of aphids in the field were positively correlated with the incidence of a disease (P = 0.40). Air temperature was positively correlated with aphid number and incidence of a disease (aphid number P = 0.41, incidence P = 0.75). The incidence of a disease was negatively correlated with moisture, amount of precipitation and surface wind speed (humidity P =-0.56, precipitation P = -0.72 and ground wind speed P = -0.38). 【Conclusion】 CMV, WMV and CABYV are all detected in melon plants and winged aphids in Jiashi County of Kashi, and the detection rate of CMV is the highest. The number of winged aphids is positively correlated with the incidence of a disease. The mean air temperature is positively correlated with the number of winged aphids and the incidence of a disease.

Analysis of expression patterns of glycometabolic pathway genes in sorghum anti-aphid response
HAO Le, LIU Yuan, HAN Ruxue, WANG Zhenjie, SHAO Yutao
2025, 62(5): 1242-1248.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.022
Abstract ( 25 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1001KB) ( 4 )  

【Objective】 Analysis of expression patterns of glycometabolic pathway genes in sorghum anti-aphid response.【Methods】 The aphid resistant variety HN16 and its sensitive aphid mutantasm1 were used as research materials and the transcriptomic database of sorghum was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two materials in the feeding process of aphids. In the end, a total of 17 genes were screened. These results suggested that feeding by aphids changed the expression of glycometabolic pathway genes in HN16 and asm1. Six pairs of specific primers of six genes (sbGOLS2, sbGUX2, sbCHIT3, sbBGL22, sbISOA3) were selected by PCR and qPCR for gene expression verification and analysis.【Results】 The results showed that the expression patterns of these 6 genes were basically consistent with the transcriptome data, and they played different roles in the anti-insect response of HN16. Among them, the genessbGOLS2, sbCHIT3 andsbBGL22 were resistant to insects through rapid response to avoid excessive energy consumption. sbGUAA2, sbGUX2 andsbISOA3 ensured the stability of glycometabolic metabolism of sorghum by maintaining relatively stable expression during aphid feeding. 【Conclusion】 In summary, during the feeding process of aphids, HN16 maintains a relatively stable glycometabolic metabolism level by regulating the expression of glycometabolic metabolism pathway genes to resist the harm of aphids.

Laboratory screening of tomato resistant varieties and control fungicides against tomato Fusarium solani root rot caused by Fusarium solani
MA Jiaxuan, LI Xueping, LI Xiao, XU Shiyang, LI Jianjun, YANG Chengde, MENG Huan, QI Yonghong
2025, 62(5): 1249-1257.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.023
Abstract ( 27 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1042KB) ( 8 )  

【Objective】 Tomato root rot caused by Fusarium solani widely occurs in northwestern China, which has resulted serious negative effects, in view of this, this project aims to provide support for the prevention and control of that by screening excellent resistant varieties and fungicides.【Methods】 Fusarium solani, the dominant pathogen of tomato root rot in northwestern China, was chosen as the target, pot-culture method was used to identify the resistance of 33 tomato varieties, the incidence rate and disease index of them were counted to conduct their resistance grades. The virulence effects of 7 fungicides were measured by mycelium growth rate inhibition method, and their field control effects were determined by root-filling method.【Results】 Yuanminghongyunv and Taiwanfenyunv were resistant varieties, their incidence were the same with 27.77%, and their disease indexes were 9.70 and 13.90, respectively. Besides, Moguiyingtao and Fenguan 1 Jingpinhongmeimu were middle resistant varieties(MR), while the others were with poorer resistance. 7 kinds of fungicides had different inhibitory effects on Fusarium solani, and among them, 12.5% diniconazole WP had the strongest toxicity against Fusarium solani, with inhibition rate reached 79.80%, EC50 was 24.86 μg/mL, and the highest field control effect reached 47.52%. The toxicity of 30% thiazenol copper pentazolol SC and 15% triazolone WP were lower, with EC50 30.93 μg/mL and 38.46 μg/mL, field control effects were 45.89% and 43.95%, respectively.【Conclusion】 Yuanminghongyunv and Taiwanfenyunv were resistant varieties, and diniconazole has excellent control effect for tomato Fusarium solani root rot.

Prataculture·Facility Agriculture
Diversity and community structure characteristics of grassland grasshoppers
LIU Yuxian, SHI Jianyin, WANG Shaoshan, HE Yuheng, YUAN Guanzheng, PU Xinyu, ZHOU Chao, LIU Changyue
2025, 62(5): 1258-1265.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.024
Abstract ( 29 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (765KB) ( 3 )  

【Objective】 In order to clarify the diversity and community composition of the grassland locust species of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and the locusts of different grassland types.【Methods】 this experiment systematically investigated the grasshoppers in the grassland of the fourth division from 2022 to 2023 by field survey and standard sweep net.【Results】 A total of 55 species of grasshoppers were identified, belonging to 5 families and 26 genera. The dominant species was Dociostaurus (Kazakia) brevicollis Eversmann, and there were 17 common species. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were the highest in Dociostaurus Fieber, followed by Chorthippus Fieber.【Conclusion】 Among the seven grassland types, temperate meadow steppe and temperate steppe contain more locust species. The similarity coefficient between temperate desert steppe and temperate steppe desert reaches a medium level.

Identification and genetic diversity of wild Pleurotus in Xinjiang
LUO Ying, Nurziya Yarmamat, JIA Wenjie, ZHU Qi, LI Yutong, SHI Wenting, JIA Peisong
2025, 62(5): 1266-1272.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.025
Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1152KB) ( 2 )  

【Objective】 The objective of the study is to analyze their genetic diversity of wild strains of the Pleurotus in Xinjiang in the hope of providing basic materials and theoretical basis for enriching and developing new varieties.【Methods】 The ITS sequence was used to identify the species and the ISSR markers technology to carry out the genetic diversity analysis on 40 wild oyster mushroom strains.【Results】 The mycelia of 40 strains of wild oyster mushroom in Xinjiang were basically white, and there were no significant differences in colony morphology, but certain differences in mycelia growth and growth speed. By ITS sequence analysis, 40 strains could be divided into 4 groups. 10 ISSR primers amplified a total of 83 clear DNA bands, including 82 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism ratio of 98.80%, and the 40 tested strains were divided into 5 groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.66. In general, the 40 strains of wild oyster mushroom tested showed significant genetic diversity, which had important reference value for the breeding of Xinjiang oyster mushroom. 【Conclusion】 Pleurotus spp. strains have the occurrence of genetic differentiation with relatively rich genetic diversity.

Simulation and Optimization of a TRNSYS-Based Air-Source Heat Pump Integrated with Buried Pipe System for Solar Greenhouse Applications
ZHANG Gaoshang, WU Letian, GUO Shenbo, YUE Qiuxing, SUN Xiaoli, SHI Huifeng
2025, 62(5): 1273-1285.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.026
Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2391KB) ( 4 )  

【Objective】 Carried out the simulation and optimization of the air-source heat pump-buried pipe system in solar greenhouses to explore the optimal working parameters of the system. They also provide case references for the research and engineering applications related to greenhouse winter heating in the Gobi and desert regions of Xinjiang.【Methods】 The research object in this study is the air source heat pump heat collection combined with underground pipe thermal storage (ASHP-UP) system. The transient simulation model is built using TRNSYS software, and the Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface analysis method is used to study and optimize the system operation parameters. 【Results】 Under the optimal working condition, the heat storage capacity of the system is 501.90 kWh, the energy consumption is 77.18 kWh, and the soil is warmed up by 2.26 ℃. The average daily heat storage power of the system is 37.5 kJ/s, the average daily heat storage COP is 4.33, and the exothermic COP is 4.81. Compared with the traditional heating methods of coal, gas, and electricity, the energy consumption is reduced by 84.7%, 81.3%, and 79.1%, respectively, and the GHG emission is reduced by 8.24, 6.52, and 5.67 t, respectively. The optimal working conditions of the system in winterized production are: rated heat production capacity of the heat pump is 30.0 kW, heat storage time is 12.0 h, and circulating water flow rate is 5.55 m3/h.【Conclusion】 Measurements have verified that the system has good heat storage and release effects, meets the crop overwintering production needs, and its energy-saving and environmental performance meets the national energy-saving and emission reduction requirements.

Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Agricultural Eeconomy
Establishment and application of a fluorescent assay for reverse transcription recombinase-mediated isothermal amplification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
ZHANG Ziwei, HUANG Chunyuan, YU Na, ZHENG Jiaxin, ZHANG Yan, LIU Guangliang, CAO Zongxi
2025, 62(5): 1286-1292.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.027
Abstract ( 31 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1064KB) ( 12 )  

【Objective】 There is a need for the development of a clinically rapid, simple, and accurate method for the detection of PRRSV. 【Methods】 This study aims to establish a method based on reverse transcription recombinase-mediated isothermal amplification fluorescence detection of PRRSV. The method was developed by designing specific primers and probes against the PRRSV ORF4 gene sequence. 【Results】 The fluorescent RT-RAA assay could be amplified with primers and probes at 41℃ for 20 min, and the results could be observed in real time by a fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument. The method had high sensitivity and strong specificity, and no cross-reactivity with other porcine pathogens. 【Conclusion】 The fluorescent RT-RAA and PCR used to test 180 samples showed the compliance rate between the two methods was 98.3%.

Evaluation of agricultural production efficiency in four prefectures in Southern Xinjiang
TIAN Conghua, CENG Hongmei, ZHANG Lizhao, MIAO Hongping, WANG Hongmei, DAI Junsheng
2025, 62(5): 1293-1300.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.028
Abstract ( 26 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (787KB) ( 3 )  

【Objective】 Based on the intercropping pattern in four prefectures of southern Xinjiang, this paper aims to construct the index system of agricultural production efficiency and calculate the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of agricultural production. 【Methods】 Based on 22-year panel data from 2000 to 2021, DEA model method was used to analyze agricultural production efficiency and evaluate the input-output effect of agricultural factors. 【Results】 The agricultural production efficiency of the four prefectures was at a high level, which could effectively promote the rapid progress of agriculture in Xinjiang, but it was still a DEA non-active area.There were many redundant agricultural input factors, which did not achieve the best economic and social benefits. (2) The efficiency of the input index was in the order from good to bad: the number of rural labor force > the sown area of crops > the total power of agricultural machinery > rural electricity consumption > the amount of fertilizer applied > the amount of agricultural plastic film used > the expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water affairs. (3) The scale income was generally in the increasing stage, and the regional production potential could be continuously tapped【Conclusion】 There is a "surplus" of agricultural input factors in the four prefectures in southern Xinjiang, and government departments should strengthen macro-control, release the resources that have been over-invested in the primary industry, optimize the rational allocation of resources, and enhance the efficiency of inputs and outputs. They should do: (1) Rationally adjust the proportion of agricultural financial input and distribution, and optimize the rational allocation of resources, improve the efficiency of agricultural financial expenditure; (2) Guide the transfer of labor to secondary and tertiary industries.(3) Continuously promote the reduction of fertilizer and pesticide dosage and increase efficiency. (4) To improve the level of agricultural equipment and information technology.(5)Adjust planting structure and planting mode to improve the efficiency of land output.

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Recent Advances of Edible Coatings in Reservation of Fruits and Vegetables
FU Yan-yan, MEI Chuang, WANG Yan-peng, WANG Ji-xun, LU Chun-sheng, YAN Peng, ZHANG Fu-chun, FENG Bei-bei
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2019, 56 (12): 2263-2274.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.012
Abstract771)      PDF (1144KB)(5479)      
Objective】 The research progress of edible film/coating in fruits and vegetables was collected, sorted out and summarized, the effect of different coating materials was comprehensively analyzed, and the physiological indexes after harvest and storage were summarized in the hope of providing a reference for the wide range of application of edible coating in fruits and vegetables. 【Methods】By collecting and consulting relevant research literatures at home and abroad, agricultural and food official website information, combined with existing research results, we summarized and analyzed the data in the past ten years, and then we conducted statistics. 【Results】 The commonly used coatings for fruit and vegetable preservation currently included polysaccharide coatings (konjac glucomannan and chitosan), lipid coatings (wax and paraffin), protein coatings, composite coatings and other coating materials. Fruit and vegetable could enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, improve the antioxidant capacity and reduce the production of free radicals after coating treatment. What’s more, these treatments kept the quality and extended the storage time. For example, ‘Nanguo’ pear and strawberry treated by chitosan extended the storage period for 20 days and 12 days, respectively, and maintained the sensory quality at the same time. 【Conclusion】 At present, polysaccharide and lipid coatings are mainly used in the preservation of prosperous fruits such as blueberries, strawberries, grapes, and the fresh-cut fruits such as cantaloupe to prolong the storage period. The protein coatings are mainly used in meats (pork, fish, etc.) to maintain their quality.
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Analysis of the Microbial Community Diversity of Soil from Wine Grape Productiing Area in Xinjiang Based on High-throughput Sequencing
WANG Wei, Buligen Jialengbieke, HU Xiaodong, XIA Junfang, ZHANG Zhidong, GU Meiying, WU Yun
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2020, 57 (5): 859-868.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.009
Abstract460)      PDF (1856KB)(3749)      
【Objective】 To find out the microbial community structure and diversity in the soil of the four major wine grape producing areas in Xinjiang and to lay a foundation for constructing the microbial bank in the main wine grape producing areas in the region. 【Methods】 After total DNA was extracted, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing system and bioinformatics analysis were used for the investigation of microbial communities and species diversity of main wine grape producing area in Xinjiang. 【Results】 In the twelve soil samples, the results showed that the highest microbial diversity of bacteria was the soil in Yili river-valley and the lowest one was in the soil of northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, and the highest microbial diversity of fungus was in the soil of Yanqi basin and the lowest microbial diversity of fungus was the Tuha basin soil. The dominant bacteria and fungus were Arthrobacter and Guehomyces in Tuha basin and the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain wine grape producing area. The dominant bacteria and fungus were Gemmatimonas and Tetracladium in Yili river-valley wine grape producing area. The dominant bacteria and fungus were Arthrobacter and Gibberella in Yanqi basin wine grape producing area. Soil pH value had the most significant effect on the composition of bacterial community, and the content of Mn had the most significant effect on the composition of fungal community. 【Conclusion】 This study revealed the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the soil in main wine grape producing areas in Xinjiang, which indicated that there were differences in microbial community diversity.
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Potential Risk Zone Analysis of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff disaster in Xinjiang Featured Forest Fruits
WANG Lei, LUO Lei, LIU Ping, HOU Xiao-chen, QIU Qin, GAO Ya-qi, LI Xi-guang
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2019, 56 (9): 1691-1700.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.015
Abstract402)      PDF (1413KB)(2889)      
【Objective】 To analyze and predict the potential risk areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests in the hope of providing important reference value for effective prevention and key prevention of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff disaster in Xinjiang fruit forests. 【Method】Based on the actual distribution data and environmental factors data of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff disaster in Xinjiang fruit forests, the potential risk areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests were predicted by MaxEnt model and GIS spatial analysis technology, and the main environmental factors and niche parameters were analyzed by percentage contribution rate. 【Results】The results showed that: (1) The ROC evaluation (Receiver Operating Characteristic, ROC) showed that the AUC values of the training data set and the test data set of MaxEnt model predicting the potential risk area of Ectropis sinensis were 0.979 and 0.970 respectively, which indicated that the simulation effect was excellent. (2) According to the prediction results of MaxEnt model, the potential distribution area of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests was divided into risk area and risk-free area, and the total area of risk area was about 74,538,800 hm2.(3)Based on cluster analysis, the potential risk areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests were divided into high-risk areas: 1.158 million , medium-risk areas:2.218 million hm2and low-risk areas:4.226 million hm2. (4) The main environmental factors affecting the risk of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff disaster in fruit forests in Xinjiang were the highest temperature in cold month, the average temperature in the coldest season, the precipitation in the driest season and the average temperature in the wettest season. The response curves showed that the highest temperature in the cold month > 14.25 C, the average temperature in the coldest quarter > 4.01 C, the pre-cipitation in the driest quarter was between 1.23-8.29 mm, and the average temperature in the wettest quarter was between 21.63-24.82 C, which was the niche parameter suitable for the growth of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests and fruits. 【Conclusion】Based on MaxEnt model, the prediction results of potential risk areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang characteristic forests are completely consistent with the actual distribution areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff. The geographical distribution characteristics of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff are clear: the high-risk areas are mainly located in Kashgar and Hetian areas, and the middle-risk areas are mainly located in Aksu area, Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and Hetian area. The low-risk areas are located in Aksu area, Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Hotan area, Kashgar area and Kizilesu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, with a small distribution in Turpan area and Urumqi city. This study has a high reference value for formulating quarantine and prevention policies.
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The Recent Advances in Research on Carpel and Related Functional Genes in Angiosperm
Yang Jing, Wang Wei-ran, Zhu Jia-hui, Ning Xin-min, Liu Zhi-qing, Kong jie, Alifu Aierxi
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2019, 56 (8): 1535-1543.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.019
Abstract983)      PDF (1220KB)(1905)      
Objective】 Carpel is an important female organ in flowering plants, and it as a focus was researched in crop plants development. The origin of the carpel development, the function and development of the carpel, the quantity heredity of carpel and the adjust of hormone, and the gene to control of the carpel development, then the result were summarized the research progress on recent advances in china and abroad. The aim to as a guide for improvement the multi-carpel variety in crop. 【Methods】 The research progress of plant carpels that from the literature databases of china and abroad, then was consulted and analyzed. 【Result】 At present, there have two theories about the origin of carpel: one the theory of carpel and another theory of reproductive leaf; the carpel can protects ovules, receives pollen and makes some egg cells to fertilize, save and disseminates seeds; the development process of carpel is usually folded and curled at the internal space in the organs of flowers, in which the ovules are wrapped and developed. The number of carpels is increase was steady. hormone have important function and effect the carpels development. Genes play an important role in regulating the number and development of carpel. 【Conclusion】As the key of pistil development in angiosperms, carpel is very important for the formation of yield traits. In the future, the study of carpel should focus on the whole process of carpel development. It is a feasible way to identify the functional genes regulating the number and development of carpel as soon as possible, and to breed multi-carpel, high-yield and high-quality varieties through gene improvement.
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Analysis on Yield Potential and Related Agronomic Characters of New Maize Grain Mechine Harvesting Variety Xinyu 108 with Drought Tolerance
LIANG Xiao-ling, Abulaiti Abra, YANG Jie, HAN Deng-xu, WANG Ye-jian, XI Hao-jiang, LI Ming-dong, LEI Zhi-gang, GAO Xue-fei, CHEN Shao-jiang, LIU Wen-xin, DAI Jing-rui
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2019, 56 (9): 1597-1608.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.004
Abstract1205)      PDF (1054KB)(1880)      
【Objective】 To analyze the yield potential and adaptability of Xinyu108, a new direct - harvesting maize hybrid with early - mid maturity, and to provide a scientific basis for its extension. 【 Method】Based on the regional test, production test and multi - point test results of early - mid maturity spring maize sown in northern Xinjiang, RCT99 software was used for statistical analysis. 【 Result】 The average yield of the two - year regional trial was 953. 5 kg / 667 m2 , 5. 89% higher than that of the control Denghai 3672. The rate of increasing production point was 89% . The yield of production test was 907 kg / 667 m2 , which increased by 2. 97% compared with the control. The rate of increasing production point was 80% . The average output was 1,103.4 kg/667 m2, and the high-yield field production reached to 1,327 kg/667 m2.The average growth period was 120. 1 days, 0. 45 days earlier than that of the control, and the effective accumulated temperature needed was 2, 500℃ ( ≥10℃ ) . Grain bulk density was 782 g/L, crude protein 9. 6% , crude fat 3. 5% , and crude starch 75. 49% . The lodging and breakage rate was 1. 2% , the moisture content was 23. 7% , the damage rate of machine - harvested grains was 3. 78% , the ear - drop rate was 0, the grain - drop rate was 0.7% , and the yield loss rate was 0. 7% . The drought tolerance index is 0.95, which ranked strong tolerance level as same as Xianyu 335 and has two grades of drought tolerance than Zhengdan 958. The density is good with density index of 1.12.【 Conclusion】 Xinyu108 has high yield, good stability, good quality, fast dehydration, lodging resistance, resistance to maize smut, head smut and stem rot, and is suitable for mechanical harvesting.
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Deep Sequencing to Identify Maize miRNA Responding to Drought Stress in Floral Organ Differentiation Stages and Its Target Genes
WANG Yejian, LIANG Xiaoling, Abulati Abra, HAN Dengxu, YANG Jie, XI Haojiang, LIU Jun, LI Mingdong
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2020, 57 (8): 1373-1384.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.001
Abstract135)      PDF (1921KB)(1819)      
【Objective】 Modern molecular biology and high-throughput sequencing technology were applied to screen different miRNAs and their target genes that respond to drought stress during the differentiation of tassel flower organs in different cultivars of corn, thus further excavating and identifying genes related to maize development and reveal signaling pathways and molecular regulatory networks for differences in traits.【Methods】 The drought-tolerant inbred line "PHBA6" and the drought-sensitive inbred line "Ji 63" were used as the research objects. The miRNA library was constructed using deep sequencing technology to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs. The target genes were subjected to functional annotation, cluster analysis and pathway enrichment.【Results】 A total of 337 precursor miRNAs were identified, including 289 known miRNAs and 48 new miRNAs. A total of 155 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the three libraries in two groups. Target prediction, GO functional classification and genetic and genomic (KEGG) -based functional enrichment showed that these miRNAs might play a role in drought stress by targeting a range of stress-related genes. Analysis showed that at least 55 predicted target genes were further regulated by 60 miRNAs. Further analysis showed that the NAC, MYB and MAPK gene families scored highest under drought stress, indicating that they played an important role in drought resistance of plants. According to the target gene prediction, a series of cotton miRNAs were related to these top genes, including miR164, miR172, miR1520, miR6158, ghr-n24, ghr-n56, and so on.【Conclusion】 miRNAs may play an important role in drought tolerance during the differentiation of maize tassel flower organs. The screening of miRNAs provided new targets for molecular-assisted breeding and transgenic breeding.
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Research on Object Recognition Based on UAV Multispectral Image
WEI Qing, ZHANG Baozhong, WEI Zheng
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2020, 57 (5): 932-939.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.018
Abstract442)      PDF (1766KB)(1568)      
【Objective】 In view of the lack of timeliness of farmland information acquisition and the difficulty of grasping basic farmland information in time, in this project, the UAV multi-spectral images acquired in May and June 2018 were used to study the extraction of some farmland types in Daxing experimental base in Beijing. 【Method】Firstly, the species of interest were identified, and the temporal and spectral characteristics of the image were analyzed. Then, the normalized vegetation index NDVI, normalized green-blue difference index NGBDI, modified ratio vegetation index MSR and red-band reflectance were determined as the optimal classification features, and the image was segmented by threshold based on spectral variables. The decision tree classification method based on visual interpretation was used to realize the classification of land features and extract the planting area. The method was validated by selecting the ground survey data based on visual interpretation. 【Result】 The results showed that the decision tree classification method based on temporal and spectral characteristics had good effect and the method was applicable to extracting wheat, fruit trees and big shed with errors of 10.68%, 6.06% and 16.48%, respectively. Besides, the area extraction error was within 17%, so we can safely say that UAV multi-spectral remote sensing image has certain applicability for ground object recognition. 【Conclusion】 The advantages of UAV in low cost and high efficiency provide reference for timely access to farmland information.
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Changes of Root Morphology and Its Relationship with Mineral Elements in Different Soil Depths of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
DOU Hai-tao, LEI Chang-ying, LI Xia-fei, JIA Meng-meng, XIANG Dao, ZHANG Ya-li, ZHANG Wang-feng
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2019, 56 (8): 1397-1407.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.004
Abstract453)      PDF (1894KB)(1497)      
Objective】 To study the changes of cotton root morphology and the response to mineral elements in different soil depths and analyze the regulation of mineral elements on root morphology in the hope of providing theoretical support for the construction of reasonable cotton root configuration. 【Method】 The root length, root surface area, root volume, root biomass, root nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,calcium, magnesium and sulfur of 37 cotton varieties were tested, and according to the formula, the specific root length, specific root area, root volume and root density were calculated. Finally, the regulation and control relationship between mineral elements and root morphology was studied. 【Result】In 0 - 10 cm soil, due to the action of nitrogen, the specific root length, specific root area and specific root volume increased, and the growth of root density was slightly inhibited. In 10-20 cm soil, nitrogen promoted the specific root length, increased the specific root area, and inhibited the growth of root density and the increase of specific root volume. In 20-30 cm soil, the effect of nitrogen on root length, specific root area and root density was not obvious, but the contrastive root volume showed a negative correlation. Nitrogen showed a positive correlation with root length, specific root area, specific root volume, and root density in 30-50 cm soil. In the soil of 50-60 cm, there was a negative correlation between root length, specific root area, and specific root volume and root density. Principal component analysis showed that the correlation between the first principal component and nitrogen element, specific root length, specific root area, and specific volume was higher. The second principal component was more correlated with root density, and the third principal component was mainly related to phosphorus. The correlation between potassium and potassium was high. In addition, the correlation between the phosphorus and potassium elements was higher than that of the first main component, and the correlation between the nitrogen element and the third main component was high. 【Conclusion】 Under different soil depths, the root length, specific root area and specific root volume gradually increased, and the nitrogen content per unit mass root decreased continuously. The root morphological traits were mainly regulated by nitrogen, and the phosphoric and potassium elements had little effect on the regulation of root morphological traits.
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Study on Fruit Quality and Aroma Components of Main Apple Varieties in Cold Region
LIU Chang, WANG Kun, AN Meng-meng, MEI Chuang, CAO Yang, YU Wen-quan, BU Hai-dong, CHENG Xian-min, GU Guang-jun, MENG Xiang-hai, DONG Xue-mei, CHENG Cun-gang
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2019, 56 (10): 1846-1859.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.010
Abstract389)      PDF (1112KB)(1479)      
【Objective】 To analyze the main sugar, organic acid and other fruit characters of four main cold resistant apple varieties and study the main aroma components in the hope of providing the basis for the improvement of apple varieties in cold region. 【Method】 Heilongjiang 4 main planting cold-resistant varieties were selected as test materials to analyze the total phenols, antioxidant capacity, flavonoids, pericarp anthocyanins, soluble solids and VC contents of the fruits. Sugar and acid were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the main composition and content of aroma were detected and analyzed by HS-SPME method. 【Result】 Among the fruits of 4 apple varieties, the order of soluble solids content from high to low was the Longguan > Longfeng > Qiyuexian > Jinhong. On the whole, the total sugar contents from high to low were: Jinhong >Longfeng > Qiyuexian > Longguan. From the point of view of total acid content, they were: Jinhong > Qiyuexian >Longfeng > Longguan. A total of 9 types of volatile compounds were detected, of which 7 types played the main roles, and the sequence of components from large to small was: ester > olefin >heterocyclic >acids > alcohol > aldehyde > alkane. Fruit aroma substances mainly concentrated in alcohols, olefins and esters. Among them, the ester content was the highest (56.24%), and the main expression was "fruit aroma" taste. There were significant differences in sugar - acid ratio and taste evaluation among different varieties. The maximum amount of Longguan was 22.96, and the lowest in July Fresh was 9.92, showing a taste of acid. 【Conclusion】 The sugar and acid composition and content of the fruits of the four apple varieties were significantly different, all of which were "ester aroma type " apples, indicating that esters may play a decisive role in the formation of the fruit flavor of these fruits.
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Protection and Utilization and Geographical Distribution of Phleum pretense in Xinjiang
ZHANG Xianhua, ZHU Jinzhong, LI Jiangyan
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2020, 57 (8): 1560-1568.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.021
Abstract119)      PDF (1006KB)(1385)      
【Objective】 In order to provide evidence for development and utilization of Phleum pretense in Xinjiang. The geographical distribution, the community characteristics, the development and utilization of Phleum pratense were analyzed in this paper. The systematic research work conducted can provide basic materials and scientific basis for new breed selection, germplasm innovation, and germplasm protection. 【Result】 (1) Wild Phleum pretense was important found in Xinjiang, China, and it was concentrated in the meadow vegetation from 1,900 to 2,200 m above sea level in the middle and west sections of the Tianshan Mountains;(2) Phleum pretense was very few in natural grasslands and often found in communities. Populations that appeared as companion and rare species, and few dominant species; (3) In natural grasslands, the individual spatial distribution of Phleum pretense populations was mostly clustered, with less random distribution.【Conclusion】 Xinjiang wild Phleum pretense had excellent characteristics of germplasm resources with important development and utilization value.
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Effects of Uniconazole on the Growth of Branches and Leaves and Fruit Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear
ZHANG Shikui, Abulaike Niyazi, WANG Shaopeng, WANG Yatong, SUN Zhaozhan, FAN Guoquan
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2020, 57 (9): 1674-1680.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.09.012
Abstract716)      PDF (1411KB)(1269)      
【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Uniconazole treatment with different concentrations on the branch growth and fruit quality of Korla Fragrant Pear in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the fruit cultivation.【Method】 On the 25th day after anthesis, Uniconazole with concentration of 50, 150, 250, 350, 450 mg/L was sprayed on the leaves of the new shoots of Korla Xiangli Pear. The growth indexes such as the length and coarseness of the new shoots were measured regularly, and the fruit quality of each treatment was measured after the fruit matured.【Results】 Uniconazole treatment effectively inhibited the increase of shoot length, internode length, leaf area and chlorophyll value of Korla Fragrant Pear. With the increase of treatment concentrations, the inhibition effect was more obvious, and effectively promoted the increase of shoot diameter. The effect of 150-450 mg/L Uniconazole was obvious. After treatment with Uniconazole, the weight of single fruit, soluble solids, VC content and total soluble sugar of Korla Fragrant Pear were increased to some extents; Meanwhile, with the increase of treatment concentrations, the ratio of stone cells to rough fruits was also increased, and the effect of 450 mg/L Uniconazole was the most significant.【Conclusion】 Spraying 250-350 mg/L of Uniconazole on the leaves during the rapid growth period of the new shoots of Korla Fragrant Pear can effectively inhibit the growth of the new shoots, but has no obvious effect on the fruit quality. It can be applied to the regulation of the growth and development of Korla Fragrant Pear.
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Ecological Vulnerability Assessment in Xinjiang Based on VSD Model
LU Haiyan, SUN Guili, LI Lu, LU Hang, BAI Yichun
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2020, 57 (2): 292-302.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.02.010
Abstract425)      PDF (3085KB)(1189)      
【Objective】 Ecological vulnerability assessment is an important way to understand ecological status of region. Scientific assessment of ecological vulnerability and its changes is important for the formulation of ecological protection measures and regional sustainable development.【Method】 In this project, 14 prefectures and cities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region were taken as the research object, and the evaluation index system was constructed based on VSD (Vulnerability Scoping Diagram) evaluation model. Principal component analysis and comprehensive index method were used to quantitatively evaluate the ecological vulnerability and comprehensive vulnerability of various prefectures and cities in Xinjiang from 2007 to 2017.【Result】 (1) On the whole, Turpan City was in an extremely vulnerable area affected by climatic conditions, most of the southern Xinjiang was in a severe vulnerable area, while the northern Xinjiang was mainly a mild vulnerable area. (2) Exposure index and sensitivity index of Xinjiang changed little from 2007 to 2017,but the adaptability index increased and the comprehensive ecological vulnerability showed a slight downward trend. (3) The ecological vulnerability was higher in the southern Xinjiang than in northern Xinjiang, which might be closely related to the improvement of adaptability.【Conclusion】The key to reduce the vulnerability is to focus on improving the ecological adaptability of the moderate and severe vulnerable areas.
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The Succession of Plant Biodiversity in Different Degraded of Bayinbluk Alpine Grasslands
DONG lei;AN Sha-zhou;DONG Yi-qiang;ZHANG Ai-ning;ZHANG Rui-si;XIA Xiao-wei;Kasidaer·Nuerdanbike
  
Abstract187)      PDF (1222KB)(1180)      
[Objective] Bayinbuluke alpine grassland was taken the research object to research the degradation succession of vegetation diversity in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the scientific management of alpine grassland.[Method]By using the method of space to replace the time degradation gradient degradation successional sequence, the field investigation of plant communities during different alpine grassland degradation stages in Bayinbuluk was carried out.The variation of vegetation diversity was studied by using the index of α and β diversity.[Result]The results showed that Simpson index increased significantly by 9.6;-13.7; compared with non-degradation;and with the increasing degraded succession, Margalef index showed a slight increase and a significant decline trend, but the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index showed the fluctuation of upward then downward and upward change.In addition, with the worsening of grassland, the resource heterogeneity was decreased in the quadrat, but increased among quadrats, so the β diversity was increased.Cody index showed the tendency of "up-down", this result showed the species substitution rate increased first and then decreased.Bray-Curtis index was higher in light-degradation, mid-degradation and heavy-degradation grassland than non-degradation grassland, and it indicated that there were more common species among different degraded grasslands.[Conclusion]In the alpine grassland, species composition changed at different degradation succession stages, the forage grass with good palatability reduced, poisonous grass increased, resulting in reduction of the quality of grassland.
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Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2024, 61 (8): 0-0.  
Abstract73)      PDF (44862KB)(1150)      
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The Construction and Application of Comprehensive Evaluation Index System for Integrated Development of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries in Rural Xinjiang
TIAN Cong-hua, HAN Xiao, MIAO Hong-ping, XU Zhong, TIAN Li-wen
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2019, 56 (3): 580-588.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.03.022
Abstract641)      PDF (1320KB)(1111)      
Objective Based on the deployment strategy of promoting rural revitalization in an all-round way by the state and autonomous region, this paper aims at the present situation of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Xinjiang, establishes an index system, evaluates their development, finds out the weak links, and puts forward measures to promote the integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Xinjiang.Method According to the related literature, using Delphi method, 11 experts were employed to rate the evaluation index, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the comprehensive index method were used to construct the evaluation index system.Result The integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries was about to step into the growth stage in rural Xinjiang. The weaknesses toward the development were mainly in the following areas: strength of farmers' organizations, enhancement of multi-functionality of agriculture, development of E-commerce of agricultural products, the inputs of agricultural technology, transfer of rural labor forces and shortage of public resources in rural areas. Conclusion Xinjiang has solid basis for integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Xinjiang should take the cultivation of new type of agricultural management as the core. Xinjiang should take science and technology as the guide and take the leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization with high degree of integration and strong driving force as the support to promote the development of the rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, to prosper the countryside, and then to promote the development of agricultural rural modernization.
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Study on HPLC Fingerprint of Hymenoleana nana
HU Jiang-lan, ZHU Jin-fang, Parhat Dolkun
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2019, 56 (2): 308-316.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.012
Abstract339)      PDF (1522KB)(1067)      
【Objective】 To establish the HPLC Fingerprint of Hymenoleana nana and provide a scientific basis for the quality control, the development and utilization of medicinal plant resources.【Method】HPLC was performed using a WondaCract ODS-2 C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm), with of mobile phase acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid water gradient elution, flow rate 1.0 mL/min, column temperature 30℃, detection wavelength 283 nm. The fingerprints of 10 batches of medicinal materials were determined and the fingerprints were analyzed by cluster analysis, principal component analysis and least squares-discriminant analysis using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM and statistical software.【Result】The chromatographic evaluation software calibrated 13 common chromatograms, and the similarity of 7 fingerprints in 10 batches was >0.9. 【Conclusion】 The established method has good precision, stability and repeatability, which lays a foundation for the total quality control of the medicinal materials of Hymenoleana nana.
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Comparative Study on Production Performance of 10 Oat Varieties
WANG Yanchao, SONG Lei, ZHANG Fanfan, WANG Xuzhe, SUN Yanmei, MA Chunhui
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2020, 57 (2): 254-263.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.02.006
Abstract554)      PDF (2090KB)(1054)      
【Objective】 By observing the agronomic traits, production performance and nutritional quality of 10 oat varieties at different growth stages, the varieties suitable for local cultivation were selected. 【Method】 The following varieties were selected for experiments: Qingyin 1, Denmark 440, Monida, Jiayan 2, Bayan 3, Charisma, Forage plus, Lena, Baler 2, Everleaf. They were sown on April 28, 2018, and the agronomic traits at heading stage, milking stage and maturity stage were observed, and the nutritional indexes of each variety were measured at the same time. 【Result】 The growth period of early-maturing varieties was 78-83 days, the early-maturing and mid-maturing varieties were 88 days, the middle-maturing varieties were 88-92 days and the late-maturing varieties were 91-103 days. The plant height increased with the growth of oats. The plant height of Baylor 2 was the highest and at the maturity period it reached 128.26 cm. The growth rate of Jiayan 2 at heading stage was significantly higher than that of other varieties (P< 0.05). The yield of hay in milky stage was the highest, and Ivo hay was significantly higher than other oat varieties (P< 0.05), and the yield in milky stage was 10.68 t/hm2. In terms of nutritional quality, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased with the growth of oats, while crude fat increased with the growth of oats. The nutrient indexes of crude protein was between 8.75% and 15.88%, and the crude fat was 1.98%-5.25%, the neutral fiber was 41.84%-59.45%, the acid detergent fiber was 20.35%-39.42%. Everleaf had the highest crude protein content, Lena, Forage plus and Baler 2 had the highest crude fat content. Charisma neutral detergent fibers had the highest content, while Everleaf and Baler 2 neutral detergent fibers had the lowest content. Bayan 3 and Monida acid detergent fibers had the higher content than that of Baylor 2 generation. 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive evaluation of membership function, the late-maturing cultivars to be recommended were Everleaf and Baler 2, the early and middle-maturing cultivars to be recommended were Jiayan 2, and the best cutting time was at the milky stage.
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Research on the Characteristics of Postmortem Kirgiz Sheep Skeletal Muscle Meat Quality after Slaughter at Different Ages
SHI Shuai;Batuer Abulikemu;GAO Wei-ming;ZHOU Wei-dong;WANG Wen-qi
  
Abstract218)      PDF (1094KB)(1038)      
[Objective] This project aims to study the meat quality characteristics of Kirgiz sheep and some relevant influence factors in order to provide theoretical basis for the protection of germplasm resources of the sheep and rational development of the organized production.[Method]To explore the factors of meat quality and effect of Kirghiz sheep, protect germplasm resource and provide scientific basis for rational development and production of Kirgiz sheep.[Result]Test results are as follows: the crude fat, crude ash, crude protein and other nutrients content of Kirgiz skeletal muscle mutton have significant effect in different age (P < 0.01).with the increase of age, content of protein, fat and inorganic substance have higher levels.The tenderness content of Kirgiz mutton have significant effect in different age (P < 0.01).with the increase of age, content of tenderness have lower levels.The pH value was maintained at 5.58-5.83 of sheep slaughter after 2 hours.The iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, copper and other mineral elements content of Kirgiz mutton have significant effect in different age (P < 0.01).[Conclusion]With the increase of age, Kirkiz sheep skeletal muscle protein, fat, minerals, calcium, zinc, magnesium, copper and other mineral elements, types and quantity of amino acids are becoming more abundant, while the tenderness is decreased.The pH value in the meat 2 hours after slaughter remains in the range of 5.58-5.83.
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Relationship of Muscle Fiber Characteristics with Meat Quality and Its Breed and Sex Differences in Pigs
OU Xiu-qiong, LI Xing, ZHONG Zheng-ze
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2019, 56 (12): 2345-2352.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.022
Abstract391)      PDF (1047KB)(1017)      
Objective】 The purpose of this article is to understand the relationship of muscle fiber characteristics with meat quality and its breed and sex differences in pigs by collecting and analyzing the relative references. 【Result】①The formation of muscle fibers is a very complex biological process. The number, size and type of muscle fibers are the basic characteristics of muscle fibers. ②At present, the most commonly used classification method of muscle fibers is based on the polymorphic expression of MyHC gene in muscle fibers. ③Before birth, MyHC isomers were expressed in the order of embryonic, fetal and mature stages . After birth, the muscle fiber types were transformed into each other. ④Different types of muscle fibers can influence muscle color, pH, water hold capacity and so on because of their different metabolic characteristics. The size and density of muscle fiber also affect muscle quality because they are closely related to the type of muscle fiber. ⑤Different breeds of pigs show different muscle quality because of their different muscle fiber characteristics. The characteristics of muscle fibers are different between the sexes in order to adapt to their own growth and physiological needs.【Conclusion】The characteristics of muscle fiber in pigs directly affect the meat quality. Because of the various breeds and sexes, the formation of muscle fiber characteristics is different, which shows muscle quality is different.
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Study on Main Agronomic Traitsand Density Tolerance of Different Maize Varieties under Dense Planting Conditions in Arid Areas of Xinjiang
YANG Jie, HAN Dengxu, WANG Yejian, Abulaiti Abula, LIANG Xiaoling, XI Haojiang, LI Mingdong, WANG Xian, WEN Liwei
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2020, 57 (9): 1569-1577.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.09.001
Abstract446)      PDF (1942KB)(1014)      
【Objective】 On the basis of density tolerance coefficient, combined with the main agronomic traits, such as plant height, spike height and average yield per plant, the density tolerance of the main maize varieties planted in arid and semi-arid regions of Xinjiang were identified, screened and analyzed in the hope of providing theoretical basis and technical support for the innovation of density tolerance germplasm and the breeding of new varieties.【Method】 11 medium and late-maturing maize varieties, such as Xianyu335, Lianchuang 825 and Xinyu108, were selected as test materials in this experiment, which were the latest national, provincial, or about to be examined into national and provincial regional tests with outstanding performances. Split zone design was adopted, with density as the main treatment and variety as the secondary treatment. 2 density levels were designed (82,500 plants /hm2 and 105,000 plants /hm2). The main agronomic traits such as plant height, spike height, yield and density tolerance were analyzed and studied during the growth period.【Result】 The results showed that: with the increase of planting density, the yield of Xianyu 335 was 19,954.23 kg/hm2 under the low density condition of 82,500 plants /hm2, and that of 105,000 plants /hm2 under the high density condition was 20,131.33 kg/ hm2, and the yield reached the maximum potential under the high density condition. Domestic varieties such as Lianchuang 825, Xinyu 108, Jiushenghe 2468 and MC703 had great yield potential, but the overall yield level was lower than those of foreign varieties. The yield of Jiushenghe 2468 was 17,879.6 kg/hm2 under the low density condition of 82,500 plants/hm2, and 18,003.85 kg/hm2 under the high density condition of 105,000 plants/hm2, performing strong tightness.【Conclusion】 Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of the main agronomic characters, such as yield, plant height, spike height, yield per plant and density tolerance coefficient, Xianyu 335, Xianyu 1225 and other foreign varieties have strong density tolerance, and Lianchuang 825, Xinyu 108, Jiushenghe 2468 and other domestic varieties have better density tolerance.
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Effect of Exogenous Silicon Drip Application on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Low Light Stress
ZHANG Yongqiang, FANG Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, CHEN Xingwu, LEI Junjie
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (2): 336-343.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.010
Abstract3067)   HTML12)    PDF (1215KB)(67)      

【Objective】 To explore the effect of exogenous silicon drip application on the growth and physiological characteristics of winter wheat under low light stress. 【Methods】 Pot experiment was conducted in southern Xinjiang from 2018 to 2019, and Xindong 60 was used as the experimental material. From jointing stage to mature stage, the winter wheat was shaded by black shading net at 25%. At the jointing stage of winter wheat, five exogenous silicon (Na2SiO3analysis pure) were applied at the drip rates of 7.5 kg/hm2 (Si1), 15 kg/hm2 (Si2), 22.5 kg/hm2 (Si3), 30 kg/hm2 (Si4) and 37.5 kg/hm2(Si5), respectively. 【Results】 The results showed that under low light stress, exogenous silicon drip application could increase the SPAD value of plant height, stem diameter, ear length and leaves of winter wheat The photosynthetic performance of leaves and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of flag leaves were improved. The number of fertile spikelets increased and the number of infertile spikelets decreased. The biomass per stem, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike increased significantly. Each index reached the best in Si3 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis shows that silicon can improve the growth of winter wheat plants under low light stress, improve photosynthesis, and increase the number of fertile spikelets, grains per spike and grain weight per spike. Under the experimental conditions, the best application of exogenous silicon is 22.5 kg/hm2, which can provide reference for production.

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Effects of different growth regulator and its application times on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation
ZHANG Jingcan, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 62 (1): 37-44.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.005
Abstract2942)   HTML9)    PDF (1136KB)(19)      

【Objective】 To select the most suitable growth regulators and the application times of regulators in the hope of providing theoretical basis for lodging resistance and control measures of Xinjiang drip irrigation wheat. 【Methods】 Xinjong 18 were taken as the material, and different regulators as the main zones under the field drip irrigation conditions from 2021 to 2022: clear water control (CK), calcium modulate · Enodozole (A), nanocin (B), enodozole·methylpiperonium (C), antyloxyl ester (D), polylodozole (E), and in addition, the frequency of regulator application was used as the secondary zones: A total of 12 treatments were applied at rise stage (P1) and rise stage + jointing stage (P2) to analyze the effects of different treatments on plant height, center of gravity height, internode length, stem diameter, stem bending resistance and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height could be controlled effectively, the center of gravity height and internode length could be reduced, and the bending resistance of the basal stems could be improved. The bending resistance of the basal stems was increased by 8.97% and 14.89% in the treatment of one-time and twice spraying of regulator. BP2 treatment could effectively increase the effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight, and the panicle number increased significantly under CP2 treatment. Under the premise of spraying one regulator, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP1, BP1 and CP1 treatments, and under the premise of spraying two regulators, the yield increased by more than 10% under AP2, BP2, CP2 and DP2 treatments. 【Conclusion】 The plant height of AP2 and BP2 are relatively suitable, the stem lodging resistance is better, and the grain yield is increased greatly.

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The Occurrence and Damage of Wheat Powdery Mildew in Desert Oasis Area and the Control Efficiency Evaluation of Fungicides
CHEN Li, SHEN Yuyang, CUI Yanhua, ZHANG Hang, YANG Anpei, FAN Guiqiang, LEI Junjie, LI Guangkuo, GAO Haifeng
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2022, 59 (5): 1189-1195.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.018
Abstract2890)   HTML5)    PDF (863KB)(40)      

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to clarify the occurrence and damage of wheat powdery mildew in different areas and screen the fungicides which have better control effectsin the hope of providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew in desert oasis ecological area. 【Method】 General investigation method was used to investigate the occurrence of powdery mildew in different ecological zones. The efficacy test was conducted by randomized blockdesign, and the occurrence of wheat powdery mildew was surveyed in each plot at fixed points. 【Result】 The occurrence and damage of wheat powdery mildew in Hotan, Kashgar and Aksu regions were higher, with disease index of (35.65±0.83),(35.63±1.04) and (30.82±0.91), respectively, significantly higher than that in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Tacheng region, with the disease index of (9.95±0.71) and (6.00± 0.46), respectively. 240 g/L mefentrifluconazole-pyraclostrobine EC and 19% picoxystrobin-propiconazole SC had the best control efficacy against wheat powdery mildew with 84.94% and 82.77%, respectively. The control efficiency of 23% kresoxim-methyl-epoxiconazole SC, 430 g/L tebuconazole SC, 42% metrafenone SC, 43%fluoxastrobin-tebuconazole SC, 48% difenoconazole-azoxystrobin SC, 75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole WG and 40% myclobutanil WP floated in the range of 64.57% to 71.12%. 【Conclusion】 The occurrence and damage of wheat powdery mildew in southern Xinjiang is significantly severer than that in northern areas, with the occurrence degree of 3 to 5. The occurrence of powdery milder in northern Xinjiang was mostly at degree 1 to 2. 240 g/L mefentrifluconazole-pyraclostrobine EC, 19% picoxystrobin-propiconazole SC, 23% kresoxim-methyl-epoxiconazole SC, 430 g/L tebuconazole SC, 42% metrafenone SC, 43% fluoxastrobin-tebuconazole SC, 48% difenoconazole-azoxystrobin SC, 75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole WG and 40% myclobutanil WP can effectively control wheat powdery mildew and are safe for wheat growth. They can be applied in rotation in wheat fields.

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Variation of flour color (whiteness) of Xinjiang wheat varieties and its influencing factors
LIU Na, Halidan Yikeremu, LIU Lianzheng, CAO Junmei, ZHOU Anding, ZHANG Xinzhong, Damailijiang Hezier
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (10): 2426-2432.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.011
Abstract2670)   HTML14)    PDF (685KB)(54)      

【Objective】 Variation of flour color (whiteness) of Xinjiang wheat varieties and its influencing factors,to improve the flour whiteness of Xinjiang wheat varieties and provide theoretical reference for breeding wheat varieties with excellent flour color in Xinjiang wheat breeding job in the future.【Methods】 In this study, Xinjiang wheat cultivars (lines) were used as materials to understand the distribution law of wheat flour whiteness in this region and then 37 winter wheat varieties (lines) of different quality types in Xinjiang were used as materials to preliminarily explore wheat related quality traits.【Results】 The average distribution range of flour whiteness of 71 Xinjiang wheat variety resources was large, and 13 wheat materials had whiteness values higher than 80; The water absorption rate, grain hardness of flour and whiteness were extremely significantly negatively correlated, and grain hardness, water absorption, starch content and elongation jointly determined 63.3% of flour whiteness variation.There was no significant correlation between grain protein content and flour whiteness, but a very significant positive correlation with flour a* value.【Conclusion】 There are few germplasms of medium and high whiteness in Xinjiang wheat cultivars (lines).

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Study on the Performance of Quality-related Characters of Main Spring Wheat Planted in Xinjiang
LI Jianfeng, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, ZHANG Hongzhi, WANG Lihong, ZHAO Qi
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2021, 58 (12): 2157-2168.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.12.001
Abstract2624)   HTML4)    PDF (1647KB)(204)      

【Objective】 To study the performance and stability of quality-related characters of the major varieties of Xinjiang spring wheat in four different ecological regions. 【Methods】 In the four different ecological regions, eight major cultivars of Xinjiang spring wheat with different gluten strengths were taken as research object and based on the quality-related characters of the wheat, ten quality indexes, including grain protein content, were determined with the aid of PertenDA7200 near-infrared analyzer and with the method of AACC39-10 under different ecological conditions. 【Results】 Content of the grain protein14.28%, degree of gluten strength31.21g/100 g, dough stabilization time: 8.41min, water absorption58.53%, sedimentation value 31.27 mL, flour yield 74.40%, maximum tensile resistance Rm 716.25EU, extension E 165.70 mm, stretching area 119.33 cm 2, volume weight793.97 g/L. Among the ten quality characters, flour yield (%), water absorption (%) and volume weight (g/L) of the four varieties in strong gluten strength group were lower than those in middle gluten strength group. The average performance of the other seven quality characters, including content of the grain protein, degree of gluten strength, dough stabilization time, sedimentation value, maximum tensile resistance, extension and stretching area of the four varieties in strong gluten strength group were higher than those in middle gluten strength group. The character and stability of Xinchun No. 26 and Xinchun No. 44 in strong gluten strength group tested and that of Xinchun No. 6 and Xinchun No. 40 in middle gluten strength group tested all had good performance in four different ecological regions. According to the quality-related characters F test, three characters of content of the grain protein, degree of gluten strength and water absorption had the largest genotype effect in strong gluten strength group and the largest environmental effect in middle gluten strength group, and the other seven characters had the largest environmental effect both in strong gluten strength group and middle gluten strengthgroup. 【Conclusion】 Referring to the review and approval standards for national-level wheat variety, overall quality of the eight varieties tested is evaluated as moderately strong gluten strength level. Ten quality characters are all affected by genotype, environment and interaction; Genotype, environment, and interaction effects of different quality characters of different varieties tested with different gluten strength are different. Stability of the same quality character of different varieties tested is different, and that of different quality characters of the same variety tested is also different. Xinchun No. 6 and Xinchun No. 40 in middle gluten strength group have good performance in character and high stability, and they are the core parent material of spring wheat breeding; Xinchun No. 26 and Xinchun No. 44 in strong gluten strength group have good performance in character and high stability, which can be used for quality improvement in Xinjiang spring wheat.

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Regulation of chlormequat on lodging resistance of winter wheat stem during the period of drip application of CCC
ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, Sailihan Sai, LEI Junjie
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (8): 1873-1878.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.007
Abstract2588)   HTML15)    PDF (698KB)(53)      

【Objective】 To explore the regulation of chlormequat on lodging resistance of winter wheat stalks at different drip application periods, determine the best drip application period of chlormequat, and provide theoretical basis for drip irrigation wheat lodging resistance and its control measures in Xinjiang.【Methods】 In 2019-2020, the potted plant simulation field drip irrigation mode was adopted, and based on the previous research that the best chlormequat drip rate of 4,500 mL/hm2 was obtained, the greening period (S1), the rising period (S2), and the jointing period (S3) and the non-drip chlormequat control (S0), a total of 4 treatments with different chlormequat application periods were set to study the effects of different treatments on the drip irrigation wheat plant height, stem thickness, center of gravity height, the characteristics of the second internode at the base, and lodging resistance index and the impact of grain yield.【Results】 The results showed that the drop application of chlormequat during the rising stage had a more significant effect on the reduction of the height of the wheat plant height and the height of the center of gravity than the greening and jointing stages.3.38 mm, the maximum wall thickness was 0.543 mm, the maximum internode fullness was 25.57 mg/cm, the maximum bending resistance was 5.44 N, and the stalk lodging resistance index was the maximum 15.96 N/m.Compared with S0 treatment, chlormequat drip application increased the single-stem biomass of wheat, and the maximum single-stem biomass of wheat treated with S2 was 3.42 g/stem.The most fertile spikelets were treated with S1, the most sterile spikelets were S0, and the number of grains per spike was 38.50 grains at most in the S1 treatment.The grain weight per spike was 1.68 g in the S2 treatment, which was not significantly different from those of the S1 and S3 treatments.The difference between treatments reached a significant level (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis showed that dripping chlormequat during the greening stage, rising stage and jointing stage can reduce the plant height of drip-irrigated wheat and improve its lodging resistance, but the dripping application at the rising stage has the best effect.

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Studies on Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor, Erythropoietin Gene and Its Receptor in Ovine Tissues
LEI Yan, LAN Bin, YU Wanli, DAI Xiaohua, CAI Peng, GU Weifang, Adilai Ali, ZHAO Hongqiong
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (2): 485-492.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.028
Abstract2566)   HTML7)    PDF (1292KB)(52)      

【Objective】 To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and its downstream target gene erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EPOR) in ovine tissues under normal physiological conditions.The results have provided a histological basis for the study of targeted regulation or alleviation of ovine hypoxia stress. 【Methods】 The relative expression of HIF, EPO and EPOR genes in 14 tissues of 4 Xinjiang fine wool sheep were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. 【Results】 HIF-1α and HIF-2α the relative expression of genes in ovine lung tissues were the highest and significantly higher than those in other tissues (P< 0.01); HIF-2α in lung the gene expression was about HIF-1α 5.2 times.The relative expression of EPO gene in ovine kidney was the highest and significantly higher than that in pituitary, colon, spleen, cecum, liver, adrenal gland, rumen, hypothalamus and heart (P< 0.05).The expression of EPOR gene in lung was the highest, and the relative expression of lung and testis was significantly higher than that in spleen, hypothalamus, kidney and heart (P< 0.05). 【Conclusion】 HIF-1α, HIF-2α and EPO and its receptor genes are highly expressed in the lung or kidney of sheep, suggesting that these two may be important organs for ovine hypoxia stress perception and regulation.

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Effects of different ecological conditions on dry matter accumulation and yield of spring wheat varieties
DONG Yanxue, JIA Yonghong, ZHANG Jinshan, LI Dandan, WANG Kai, LUO Siwei, WANG Runqi, SHI Shubing
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (8): 1848-1857.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.004
Abstract2512)   HTML21)    PDF (1232KB)(58)      

【Objective】 To study the effects of different ecological conditions in northern Xinjiang on dry matter accumulation and yield formation of spring wheat, and provide a reference for formulating breeding goals and achieving high yield and high quality of spring wheat.【Methods】 A two-factor experimental design was adopted, 5 varieties: Xinchun 44, Xinchun 37, Xinchun 48, Xinchun 26 and Ningchun 16 were planted in three ecological conditions of Qitai area, Mulei area and Tacheng area, to study the effects of different ecological conditions on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield components and yield of spring wheat.【Results】 The leaf area index, dry matter accumulation in vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, grain filling capacity and yield of spring wheat were the largest in Qitai.The dry matter accumulation in vegetative growth stage, reproductive growth stage, grain filling sink capacity and yield of spring wheat varieties in Qitai were 26.73%, 32.20%, 11.66% and 45.87% higher than those in Mulei, 21.33%, 17.29%, 1.17% and 17.58% higher than those in Tacheng.The grouting rate was the smallest at Qitai, the second in Techeng, and the largest in Mulei.Under the ecological conditions of Qitai, the yield of Xinchun37 was 0.92%~8.25% higher than those of other varieties.Under Mulei ecological conditions, the yield of Xinchun37 was 6.14%~19.52% higher than those of other varieties.Under Tacheng ecological conditions, the yield of Xinchun44 increased by 4.12%~19.64% compared with other varieties.【Conclusion】 Variety characteristics and yield, spring wheat is the most suitable to be planted in Qitai ecological area, namely, Xinchun 37 should be planted in Qitai and Mulei ecological areas, and Xinchun 44 is appropriate to be planted in Tacheng ecological areas.

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Effects of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation
CHEN Chuanxin, ZHNAG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, KONG Depeng, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (9): 2146-2151.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.008
Abstract2495)   HTML21)    PDF (861KB)(66)      

【Objective】 In order to study the effect of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Under drip irrigation conditions, a single factor randomized block experimental design was used to set up three levels of biochar application, namely 0 t/hm2 (CK), 20 t/hm2 (T1), and 40 t/hm2 (T2), to study the differences in growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation under different treatments. 【Results】 The application of biochar improved the leaf area index of winter wheat, and the leaf area index of T2 and T1 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK and increased the chlorophyll activity of winter wheat leaves. The SPAD values of chlorophyll in T2 treatment increased by 0.55%, 0.31%, 0.90%, 2.28%, and 1.41%, 1.18%, 2.95%, and 3.67%, respectively, compared to T1 and CK treatment at the jointing, heading, flowering, and filling stages. In addition, the application of biochar significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat and promoted the formation of winter wheat yield, with T2 treatment performing the best at 8,244.40 kg/hm2. T2 treatment increased yield by 5.25% and 12.58% compared to T1 and CK treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, it can be found that the application of biochar is beneficial for the growth and yield of wheat. Under the T2 treatment of 40 t/hm2 of biochar application, winter wheat yield performs well, which provides reference for field production.

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Morphological and ISSR Analysis of Purple Sweet Potato Resources
WU Qiaoyu, HE Tianjiu
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2022, 59 (7): 1625-1631.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.07.008
Abstract2412)   HTML32)    PDF (697KB)(66)      

【Objective】 To analyze the genetic diversity of purple sweet potato varieties collected from China, clarify their genetic differences in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the selection of purple sweet potato genetic breeding parents. 【Methods】 Morphological characters and ISSR fluorescent labeling capillary electrophoresis were carried out to analyze the genetic diversity of varieties of 10 purple sweet potatoes imported from other provinces. 【Results】 The results showed that, based on the cluster map of 20 morphological traits, the tested materials could be divided into two major groups at the Euclidean distance of 9.97. The first major category included Ningzi-1, Shandongzi, Yuzi-2, Xuzi-8, Yuenanzi; the second major category consisted of E-12, Ningzi-4, Yuzi-3, Yuzi-11, Nanzi-018. 6 pairs of primers were used in ISSR molecular marker analysis, the results showed that, the observed alleles (Na) of the purple sweet potato germplasm resources were 2, the average effective allele number (Ne) was 1.9190, and the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.2375 and Shannon's index (I) was 0.4333. Cluster analysis performed with NTSYSpc 2.1 software demonstrated that when the genetic distance was 0.96, the 10 tested purple sweet potato materials could be divided into two categories. 【Conclusion】 The clustering results of SSR markers and morphological markers of several tested materials were consistent in genetic background and group classification, but the cluster analysis results of the two identification and classification methods also had certain differences. The purple sweet potato resources presented very rich genetic diversity. The combination of morphology and ISSR markers could effectively improve the identification of specific varieties and determine the genetic relationship of germplasm resources objectively and accurately.

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Analysis of character variation and heterosis of F1 generation of different crosses in wheat
FENG Mei, LIU Chaoqin, CHEN Jie, LIU Wenlong, YANG Zhigang, TIAN Jieying, HUANG Xin
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (8): 1858-1865.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.005
Abstract2339)   HTML7)    PDF (703KB)(57)      

【Objective】 To explore the rules of genetic variation and heterosis of F1 characters in wheat hybrids.【Methods】 The cross combination with Han 5316 was taken as female parent and six different wheat varieties as male parent and their female parent were used as materials in this study, variance analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze 7 phenotypic traits.【Results】 ①The average coefficient of variation of 7 traits ranged from 4.00%-17.71%, indicating that there were abundant genetic diversity in F1 hybrid progeny of wheat hybrids.②The heritability of F1 generation in wheat was different.The heritability of spike length, grains per spike, spike grain weight and 1000-grain weight was the highest, which was more than 100%; ③ The percentage of heterosis was -32.95%-99.13%, and the heterosis of different combinations was different; ④ The 7 characters all affected each other, and the spike grain weight, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight had a greater influence.【Conclusion】 Two excellent hybrid combinations 18-4 and 18-5 were selected by principal component analysis, and their progenies were characterized by long spike, more grains per spike and larger grains per spike.

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Analysis of dry matter production, transport and nitrogen fertilizer utilization caused by yield Gap at different yield levels of winter wheat
WANG Lihong, ZHANG Hongzhi, ZHANG Yueqiang, LI Jianfeng, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, WANG Chunsheng, XIA Jianqiang, FAN Zheru
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (9): 2152-2162.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.009
Abstract2324)   HTML6)    PDF (1072KB)(55)      

【Objective】 To reveal the differences in the accumulation, transport and utilization of dry matter and nitrogen in winter wheat at different yield levels, and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the yield difference and high-yielding cultivation of winter wheat in Xinjiang.【Methods】 The experiment was carried out in military households in Changji from 2018 to 2020 with Xindong 41 as the test material, and referring to the production practice in Xinjiang, different fertilization and cultivation management measures were used to simulate high yield I (SH: ≥9,000 kg/hm2), high-yield Ⅱ (HH: 7,500 kg/hm2~9,000 kg/hm2), farmers (FP: 6,000 kg/hm2~7,500 kg/hm2), basic (CK: ≤4,500 kg/hm2) four yield levels.Meanwhile, differences in nitrogen accumulation and transport, and nitrogen absorption and utilization were studied.【Results】 The results showed that the two-year average yield difference of SH, HH, FP and CK was 6,863.27 kg/hm2, 5,496.76 kg/hm2, 3,735.73kg/hm2.The number of harvested panicles and grains per panicle were as follows: SH>HH>FP>CK, and the 1000-grain weight was as follows: HH>SH>FP>CK.The difference of dry matter accumulation in flowering stage of SH, HH, FP and CK is 11,221.65 kg/hm2, 8,220.05 kg/hm2, 5,527.81 kg/hm2, and the difference in dry matter accumulation in mature stage was 16,026.10 kg/hm2, 11,918.25 kg/hm2, 7,645.80 kg/hm2, with the increase of the yield gap, the dry matter accumulation, pre-flowering dry matter transport, post-flowering dry matter accumulation and contribution to grains increased, and pre-flowering dry matter transport and contribution to grains increased; nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs and pre-flowering nitrogen transport in flowering and mature stages increased with the increase of yield level.Efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were lower; correlation analysis showed that grain yield was significantly positively correlated with pre-flowering dry matter transport, post-flowering dry matter accumulation, pre-flowering nitrogen transport, nitrogen demand and nitrogen absorption efficiency was significantly positively correlated with nitrogen partial productivity.【Conclusion】 To reduce the yield difference, cultivation and management measures such as fertilization should be adopted, especially the drip irrigation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the late growth stage with water to increase the accumulation and transport rate of dry matter and nitrogen before flowering, the accumulation of dry matter after flowering, and increase nitrogen.In the technology of suitable harvesting panicle number, synergistically increases the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight.

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Effects of chasing rate during peak nutrient uptake of transport under n Reduction on spring wheat
LI Huaisheng, AI Hongyu, MENG Ling, WANG Heya, ZHANG Lei, AI Haifeng
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (8): 1866-1872.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.006
Abstract2307)   HTML11)    PDF (703KB)(51)      

【Objective】 To provide a basis for reasonable nitrogen reduction in high-yield and high-quality cultivation of spring wheat under drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang and to determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer from nodulation to flowering.【Methods】 Xinchun 43 was taken as the test material, on the basis of investigating the nitrogen application amount of 390 kg / hm2 in 213 agricultural households, three nitrogen application levels (312, 270 and 234 kg / hm2) and the operation research ratio from nodulation to flowering (7∶3, 5∶5 and 6∶4) were set according to the nitrogen reduction of 20%, 30% and 40%, to study the effect of the transport ratios from nodulation to flowering on drip irrigated spring wheat.【Results】 Under the condition of N1, the yield of R3 was the highest, which was increased by 7.4% and 3.7% compared with those of R1 and R2.The dry matter accumulation increased by 13.9%, 17.5%, 26.2% and 10.3% compared with that of R1, and 7.7%, 3.6%, 10.6% and 2.6% compared with R2 in each period, respectively; There was no significant difference in assimilation transport before and after anthesis, and the leaf area index was R3 > R2 > R1.Under N2 condition, the yield was consistent with that under N1 condition.The dry matter accumulation was R2 > R1 > R3 in each period.The assimilation transport before and after flowering showed a trend of "increasing first and then decreasing", which reached the maximum in R2, 2,614.35 and 6,284.79 kg / hm2 respectively.The leaf area index was R3 > R2 > R1.Under the condition of N3, the yield of R2 was significantly higher than those of R1 and R3, with an increase of 25.4% and 32.0%, respectively.The dry matter accumulation increased by 4.8%, 10.8%, 8.5% and 23.2% compared with that of R1.The assimilates content before and after anthesis of R3 was maximum at 2,242.32 kg/hm2, which increased by 50.6% and 36.8% compared with R1 and R2, respectively, and the leaf area index showed R2>R1>R3.【Conclusion】 The pure nitrogen 234 kg/hm2 and the N fertilizer transportation ratio of 6:4 from nodulation to flowering are more suitable for spring wheat production under the conditions of this experiment.

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Responses of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield to drought stress in winter wheat at jointing stage
WANG Xiaoyu, WANG Xiaoping, SHI Wenyu, LIU Meiyan, MA Jian, GUO Yunpeng, SONG Ruixin, WANG Qingtao
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (9): 2163-2172.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.010
Abstract2265)   HTML5)    PDF (1479KB)(74)      

【Objective】 To study the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield to drought stress in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for spring irrigation schedule of winter wheat.【Methods】 A pot culture experiment was conducted with four soil moisture gradients containing full irrigation (CK), mild drought(T1), moderate drought(T2) and severe drought(T3) in winter wheat at jointing stage in the study.【Results】 The results showed that highest leaf water use efficiency of winter wheat at jointing stage was observed in T2.The trend of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing of drought stress.The rank of the effect of drought stress on fluorescence parameters including Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Fm/Fo was that: T1 > CK > T2 > T3.Compared with CK, dry matter accumulation of underground increased by 11.8% and 3.0% in T1 and T2, however, which decreased by 4.0% in T3.The proportion of underground dry matter in T1, T2 and T3 treatment increased by 4.0%, 6.0% and 11.0%, respectively.With respect to the performance of irrigation water use efficiency, it was the highest in T1 and the grain yield increased slightly.In terms of grain yield, it was significantly lower than CK by 14.8% and 42.4% (P<0.05)both in T2 and T3, in turn, which increased somewhat in T1.According to the results of Pearson correlation analysis, leaf water use efficiency was significantly (P< 0.05) positively correlated with total dry matter accumulation, grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency, furthermore, a significant(P< 0.01) positive correlation was detected between leaf water use efficiency and dry matter accumulation of aboveground, but a significant(P< 0.01) negative correlation was found between leaf water use efficiency and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.【Conclusion】 Under the mild drought treatment, the jointing winter wheat is adapted to the drought environment by regulating photosynthesis and increasing the underground accumulation of some dry matter and its proportion, thus improving the grain yield and irrigation water utilization efficiency.However, with the aggravation of drought stress, the photosynthetic rate of winter wheat decrease obviously, which lead to reducing dry matter accumulation and ultimately lead to the reduction of winter wheat yield.

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Differences of Grain Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Different Wheat Varieties in Southern Xinjiang
ZHANG Hongzhi, GAO Yonghong, WANG Lihong, KONG Depeng, ZHANG Yueqiang, LI Jianfeng, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, ZHAO Qi, FAN Zheru
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2022, 59 (8): 1847-1854.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.004
Abstract2253)   HTML28)    PDF (10549KB)(100)      

【Objective】 To study the difference of yield, N uptake and utilization efficiency and response to N fertilizer among different winter wheat varieties in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing reference for N efficient breeding, selection of N efficient varieties and optimum application of N fertilizer.【Method】12 varieties(strain) were planted in Southern Xinjiang with 3 N application rates, the yield, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency(NUE), nitrogen uptake efficiency(UPE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency(UTE) of different wheat varieties under different nitrogen fertilizer levels were studied.【Result】With the increase of nitrogen application amount, the number of panicle and grain per panicle of different cultivars increased, the 1000-grain weight decreased, and the nitrogen accumulation and yield increased. The NUE, UPE and UTE decreased with the increase of N application. Cluster analysis was carried out on the N use efficiency of various varieties at different N levels. The varieties with higher NUE were Xindong 40, Xindong 60, 15/6317. Different nitrogen efficient varieties had different approaches to achieve high NUE. Under the condition of no nitrogen application(N0), Xindong 40, Xindong 60 and 15/6317 had high NUE, which was mainly due to the joint effects of UPE and UTE. The high nitrogen absorption efficiency of new winter 60 and 40 under nitrogen application was due to their higher UPE, while 15 / 6317 high nitrogen utilization rate was the common effect of nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency.【Conclusion】Different varieties have different approaches to achieve high nitrogen efficiency, so it is necessary to regulate and control the nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of different wheat varieties, improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of wheat, maximize the exploitation and utilization of their high yield and high efficiency potential, thus achieving the increase in yield and efficiency.

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Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression between Giza 75 and SG 747 Using Cotton Oligonucleotide Microarrays during Fiber Development
SONG Jikun, XIN Yue, LI Longyun, LIU Guoyuan, PEI Wenfeng, MA Jianjiang, QU Yanying, YU Jiwen, WU Man
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2022, 59 (6): 1312-1330.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.06.002
Abstract2209)   HTML31)    PDF (1081KB)(68)      

【Objective】 High-throughput gene chip analysis is performed using upland cotton with wide adaptability and high yield and sea island cotton with excellent fiber quality, aiming to screen and identify key genes involved in cotton fiber development. 【Methods】 The upland cotton SG747 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Egyptian cotton Giza75 (G. barbadense L.) were used as experimental materials. The Affymetrix Cotton Gene Chip was then used to perform a transcriptome analysis in developing fibers (10 Days after anthesis, DPA). 【Results】 The 3,905 transcripts obtained showed 2-fold or higher levels of expression changes between the two materials. Clustering analysis of these DE genes by Clusters of Orthologous Groups database was performed, which revealed that many genes were related to general function prediction (17.80%), translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis (16.82%), posttranslational modification (14.32%). According to qRT-PCR analysis, it was speculated that Gra.2198.1.A1_at positively regulated cotton fiber development and Gra.85.1.S1_at, Ghi.249.1.A1_at, Ghi.8448.1.S1_x_at negatively regulated cotton fiber development, and the above genes might be involved in the development of cotton fiber. 【Conclusion】 We screened and identified four key candidate genes related to fiber development by using upland cotton and sea island cotton gene chips combined with qRT-PCR.

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LC/MS-Based Metabolomics Approach for Exploring Plasma Metabolome Modififications before and after 3,600 m Speed Race in Yili horse
ZHANG Shiqi, LI Xiaobin, ZHANG Wenjie, HAN Ming, WANG Shichang, ZHENG Wenxiang, OUYANG Wen, QI Juzhong, YANG Kailun
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (2): 501-510.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.030
Abstract2178)   HTML9)    PDF (1300KB)(63)      

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the difference and change of plasma metabolites before and after 3,600 m speed race in Yili horses. 【Method】 According to the genetic pedigree provided by the equestrian club, 5(3♂2♀) unrelated, weight (384.40±34.18)kg, and age 2 speed raced-horses were selected.The horses were trained daily with equal intensity. On the 25 th day of the experimental stage, the 3,600 m speed race was performed 4 h after morning feeding. The horse completed the race at (11.75±0.87) m/s at average speed. The rate of heartbeat and the breathing were measured immediately before and after the race. At the same time, blood was collected, plasma samples were prepared, plasma mass spectrometry was collected, and metabolites were determined by non-target metabolomics method. 【Results】 Compared with the pre-competition heart rate (39.80±0.40) bpm and respiratory rate (14.00±1.80) bpm, the horse heart rate (80.80±7.70) bpm and respiratory rate (78.80±3.90) bpm were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with Yili horses plasma at pre-race, the citric acid cycle, metabolism of alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, transformation between pentaccharide and glucuronic acid, metabolism of cystine and methionine, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid degradation and sheath lipid metabolism showed significant changes. On the basis of the LC/MS analysis of plasma metabolomics of Yili horse before and after the 3,600 m speed race, LC/MS metabolic profiles of plasma samples of Yili horse 3,600 m before and after the race were different. The differential metabolites involved in citric acid cycle, glycolysis system, fat metabolism, amino acid metabolism. 【Conclusion】 During the 3,600 m speed race, the Yili horse body presents anaerobic, aerobic and mixed oxygen metabolism characteristics show anaerobic, aerobic and mixed oxygen metabolism.

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Influence of sowing dates on cotton seedling aphid population dynamics and cotton yield in the yellow river basin
LI Yaofa, AN Jingjie, DOU Ya'nan, SUN Xiaonuo, ZHANG Qian, LIU Chunhong, DANG Zhihong, GAO Zhanlin
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (10): 2496-2500.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.019
Abstract2140)   HTML2)    PDF (673KB)(50)      

【Objective】 The population of cotton aphid migrating from overwintering host to cotton field and the environmental conditions in the Yellow River Basin are important factors for the damage caused by this aphid. The paper aims to clarify the effect of sowing date on the aphid population dynamics and cotton yield.【Methods】 Effects of the sowing date April 16, April 26 and May 6 on the aphid population dynamics and cotton yield parameters were studied in cotton field of southern Hebei Province. 【Results】 The results showed that the cotton emergence rate increased with the delay of sowing period, and the cotton emergence rates on April 26 and May 6 were significantly higher than that on April 16. There was an obvious peak of cotton aphids in spring occurrence and a rapid decrease of aphid quantity in the treatments of April 16 and April 26, while there was no obvious peak of Aphids in spring in the treatments of May 6. In terms of yield, cotton yield increased significantly from 3.94 kg (April 16) to 5.46 kg (May 6) with the delay of sowing period. 【Conclusion】 Postponing the sowing dates of cotton can play the role of protecting seedling, reducing early aphid damage and ensuring yield.

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Cloning and Sequence Analysis of cDNA of C3d Gene of Bactrian Camel from Xinjiang
Nasibai Abuduwahapu, GAO Xiaojuan, Kunduziayi Abudushalamu, LI Jiangwei
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (2): 493-500.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.029
Abstract2133)   HTML7)    PDF (1557KB)(44)      

【Objective】 The C3d gene of camel complement was cloned and its sequence characteristics were analyzed to provide a basis for the study of its adjuvant effect. 【Methods】 Total RNA was extracted from camel liver using Trizol reagent, and cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription.C3d pecific primers were designed to amplify the C3d sequence by PCR technology, and the vector pMD18-T was constructed.The recombinant plasmid was transferred into competent strain and identified by double enzyme digestion.Clustw, DNA Star and Swiss-model software were used to compare the homology of the constructed recombinant C3d gene sequences, establish the phylogenetic tree, and predict and analyze its secondary and tertiary structures. 【Results】 Specific primers were designed and the 909 bp camel complement C3d gene was obtained by PCR amplification.T vector was constructed and transferred into Escherichia coli and a positive clone was obtained.Clustw was used to compare the DNA sequencing results with the sequences of bovine, pig, rabbit and human.The results showed that the cloned Bactrian camel C3d sequence had more than 97% homology with the C3d gene of Camelidae, and the homology with the C3d gene of bovine, pig, rabbit and human was gradually remote (88%, 88%, 83% and 83%, respectively).The sequence of C3d protein was analyzed by Swiss-model software, and the secondary structure of C3d protein was mainly composed of α-helix and β-fold, and it had good immunogenicity and protein-binding activity. 【Conclusion】 The C3d gene of camel complement was cloned.Sequence analysis showed that the C3d gene was relatively conserved in evolution, which provided the experimental basis and technical reference for the adjuvant effect of the gene and the subsequent research.

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EMS mutants of wheat hengguan 35 and identification of the mutants resistant to fusarium crown rot
QIN Pengliang, ZHOU Xiao, Kahsay Tadesse Mawcha, WANG Shuang, LI Jiaqi, LIU Ying, ZHANG Na, YANG Wenxiang
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences    2023, 60 (9): 2231-2238.   DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.018
Abstract2119)   HTML5)    PDF (1079KB)(74)      

【Objective】 Study EMS mutants of wheat hengguan 35 and identification of the mutants resistant to fusarium crown rot.【Methods】 In this study, different concentrations of ethyl methanesul fonate (EMS) were employed on wheat seeds of cultivar Hengguan 35.The untreated Hengguan 35 was used as the susceptible control, and Shiyou 17 was used as the moderately resistant control.Through artificial inoculation of Fusarium pseudograminearum, the resistance of the mutagenized material was identified, and the M3 generation material resistant to FCR was obtained by adding generation in the greenhouse.【Results】 The EMS concentration suitable for Hengguan 35 mutation was finally determined to be 0.4%, and seven mutants showing immunity at the plant stage were obtained from 106 M3 Hengguan 35 materials.The overall disease index of the mutant materials at seedling and adult stages was 34.93% and 34.62% lower than those of the susceptible control, respectively.【Conclusion】 After EMS mutation of wheat Hengguan 35, an appropriate mutation concentration of 0.4% was determined. A total of 7 immune resistant wheat FCR were screened from the M3 generation of the tested mutant varieties.

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