Effect of organic fertilizer rate on nutrient uptake and yield of maize in oasis farmland in southern Xinjiang

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.08.007

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】To study the effects of organic fertilizer dosage on nutrient uptake and yield of maize in the oasis farmland of southern Xinjiang.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in Hailou Town，Shaya County，Xinjiang，from 2021 to 2023，with five treatments：PK（no nitrogen fertilizer），NPK （chemical fertilizer only），NPK+OM₃（3 000 kg/hm² cattle manure），NPK+OM₆（6 000 kg/hm² cattle manure）and NPK+OM₁₂（12 000 kg/hm² cattle manure）.【Results】The results showed that the biomass and nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium accumulation of maize plants in the upper part of the ground were significantly increased by 5.54%-9.94%，2.78%-51.73%，6.46%-17.96% and 7.44%-15.98%，respectively；the application of organic fertilizer at 6 000 kg/hm² significantly increased maize yield；yield components（spike rough， spike length，grain number and 100 grain weight）increased with the application of organic fertilizer and all of them reached their maximum values at 12 000 kg/hm².【Conclusion】In conclusion，with the increase of organic fertilizer application，the nutrient uptake of maize plants is promoted to achieve the effect of yield increase， and the best effect is achieved at the organic fertilizer application rate of 6 000 kg/hm².

Key words: oasis farmland; organic fertilizer; nutrient accumulation; corn production

摘要： 【目的】研究有机肥用量对绿洲农田玉米养分吸收及产量的影响。【方法】于2021~2023年在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县海楼镇开展田间试验，试验共设5个处理：PK（不施氮肥）、NPK（仅施化肥）、NPK+OM₃ （3 000 kg/hm²牛粪）、NPK+OM₆ （6 000 kg/hm²牛粪）和NPK+OM₁₂（12 000 kg/hm²牛粪）。【结果】不同有机肥用量处理显著提高了玉米地上部植株生物量及氮磷钾积累量，增长率分别为 5.54% ~ 9.94%、2.78% ~ 51.73%、6.46% ~ 17.96%和7.44% ~ 15.98%；有机肥施用量为6 000 kg/hm²时显著提高了玉米产量；产量构成因素（穗粗、穗长、穗粒数和百粒重）随着有机肥施用量的增加而增加，且均施用量为12 000 kg/hm²时达最大值。【结论】随着有机肥施用量增加，促进了玉米植株养分吸收，达到了增产的效果，且有机肥施用量为6 000 kg/hm²时效果最佳。

关键词: 绿洲农田, 有机肥, 养分积累量, 产量

CLC Number:

S154.2

WANG Bing, ZHANG Yuchen, WANG Xinyue, WU Maolin, PENG Yi, YAN Qiwen, LUO Cheng, YU Hongbo, JIANG Pingan, LIU Yunhua, SHENG Jiandong. Effect of organic fertilizer rate on nutrient uptake and yield of maize in oasis farmland in southern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(8): 1884-1891.

王冰, 张宇辰, 王欣悦, 吴茂林, 彭懿, 宴启文, 罗成, 于洪波, 蒋平安, 刘耘华, 盛建东. 有机肥用量对绿洲农田玉米养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(8): 1884-1891.

References

[1] 何瑞岳. 化肥减量配施有机肥对玉米产量及效益的影响[J]. 世界热带农业信息,2021,(12):29-30. HE Ruiyue. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application on corn yield and efficiency[J]. World Tropical Agricultural Information,2021,(12):29-30.
[2] 邱吟霜,王西娜,李培富,等. 不同种类有机肥及用量对当季旱地土壤肥力和玉米产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料,2019, (6):182-189. QIU Yinshang,WANG Xina,LI Peifu,et al. Effects of different types of organic fertilizers and dosage on soil fertility and corn yield in dryland in the current season[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2019,(6):182-189.
[3] 吕真真,吴向东,侯红乾,等. 有机-无机肥配施比例对双季稻田土壤质量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):904-913. LYU Zhenzhen,WU Xiangdong,HOU Hongqian,et al. Effects of organic-inorganic fertilizer ration on soil quality of double-season rice field[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2017,23(4):904-913.
[4] 叶鑫,隋世江,陈玥,等. 有机肥氮替代化肥氮比例对单季稻产量、土壤养分及氮素吸收的影响[J]. 辽宁农业科学,2022, (6):24-28. YE Xin,SUI Shijiang,CHEN Yue,et al. Effects of organic fertilizer nitrogen replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen ratio on yield, soil nutrient and nitrogen uptake of single-season rice[J]. Liaoning Agricultural Sciences,2022,(6):24-28.
[5] 陈国平. 玉米的干物质生产与分配[J]. 玉米科学,1994,(1):48-53. CHEN Guoping. Dry matter production and distribution in maize (a review)[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences,1994,(1):48-53.
[6] Li J,Yang Y,Wen J,et al. Continuous manure application strengthens the associations between soil microbial function and crop production:Evidence from a 7-year multisite field experiment on the Guanzhong Plain[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2022,338:108082.
[7] 周桦,马强,姜子绍,等. 有机肥用量对玉米体内养分浓度及分配的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):647-650. ZHOU Hua,MA Qiang,JIANG Zishao,et al. Effects of organic fertilizer dosage on nutrient concentration and partitioning in maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(4):647-650.
[8] 罗锋,杭中桥,马荣辉,等. 有机肥替代化肥对玉米产量及肥料利用率的影响[J]. 中国农技推广,2023,39(2):63-67. LUO Feng,HANG Zhongqiao,MA Ronghui,et al. Effects of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on corn yield and fertilizer utilization[J]. China Agricultural Technology Extension,2023,39(2):63-67.
[9] 杨浩楠. 牛粪污替代减氮磷免追肥对玉米养分积累和产量的影响[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2021. Yang Haonan. Effect of cow dung sludge replacement with reduced nitrogen and phosphorus-free fertilizer on nutrient accumulation and yield of maize[D]. Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2021.
[10] 刁生鹏,高宇,张雄,等. 有机肥施用对玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响[J]. 北方农业学报,2018,46(4):58-63. DIAO Shengpeng,GAO Yu,ZHANG Xiong,et al. Effects of organic fertilizer application on growth and development and water use of maize[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture,2018,46(4):58-63.
[11] 党翼,张建军,赵刚,等. 不同用量的有机肥对陇东旱地春玉米生长特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料,2015, (3):62-67. DANG Yi,ZHANG Jianjun,ZHAO Gang,et al. Effects of different dosages of organic fertilizers on growth characteristics and yield of spring maize in Longdong dryland[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2015,(3):62-67.
[12] 刘志平,马晓楠,解文艳,等. 山西典型旱地玉米产量及水分利用效率对长期不同施肥模式的响应[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2023,41(4):61-70. LIU zhiping,MA xiaonan,XIE wenyan,et al. Response of maize yield and water use efficiency to different long-term fertilization patterns in a typical dryland in Shanxi[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2023,41(4):61-70.
[13] 吴光磊. 有机无机肥配施对玉米产量和品质的影响及生理基础[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学,2008. WU Guanglei. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of maize and their physiological basis[D]. Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2008.
[14] 周大朋,穆月英. 我国玉米产业发展现状及对策[J]. 河南农业,2022,(22):53-54. ZHOU Dapeng,MU Yueying. Development status and countermeasures of corn industry in China[J]. Henan Agriculture, 2022,(22):53-54.
[15] 董巨河. 新疆地区有机肥市场情况分析[J]. 科技资讯,2013, (7):161-163. DONG Juhe. Analysis of organic fertilizer market situation in Xinjiang[J]. Science and Technology Information,2013,(7):161-163.
[16] 贾登泉,阿曼·古丽,王飞,等. 新疆有机肥料资源及其利用现状[C]. 土壤科学与生态文明(上册)——土壤学会第十三次全国会员代表大会暨第十一届海峡两岸土壤肥料学术交流研讨会论文集,2016:12. JIA Dengquan,Oman Guli,WANG Fei,et al. Current status of organic fertilizer resources and their utilization in Xinjiang[C]. Soil Science and Ecological Civilization(Previous)-Proceedings of the 13th National Congress of the Soil Society and the 11th Cross-Strait Academic Exchange Symposium on Soil Fertilizer, 2016:12.
[17] 汪森富,陈洪亮,刘辉. 氮磷钾平衡施用对水稻产量及化肥利用率的影响[J]. 耕作与栽培,2002,(3):38-46. WANG Senfu,CHEN Hongliang,LIU Hui. Effects of balanced application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on rice yield and fertilizer utilization[J]. Tillage and Cultivation,2002,(3):38-46.
[18] 王朝辉,李生秀. 不同生育期缺水和补充灌水对冬小麦氮磷钾吸收及分配影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2002,(3):265-270. WANG Zhaohui,LI Shengxiu. Effects of water deficit and supplemental irrigation on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake and partitioning in winter wheat at different fertility stages[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2002,(3):265-270.
[19] 何萍,金继运,林葆,等. 不同氮磷钾用量下春玉米生物产量及其组分动态与养分吸收模式研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,1998,(2):123-130. HE Ping,JIN Jiyun,LIN Bao,et al. Bio-yield,component dynamics and nutrient uptake patterns of spring maize under different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium dosages[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,1998,(2):123-130.
[20] 王华杰. 氮肥运筹对玉米生长发育及氮代谢的影响[D]. 沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017. WANG Huajie. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Transportation on Maize Growth and Development and Nitrogen Metabolism[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2017.
[21] Pico L B O,Savin R,Schussler J R,et al. Late-vegetative and reproductive-stage nitrogen determinants of kernel weight in maize[J]. European Journal of Agronomy,2023,148:126872.
[22] 柴汕. 有机肥替代化肥对豫南"雨养区"玉米、小麦生长及土壤理化性状的影响[D]. 郑州:河南农业大学,2022. CHAI Shan. Effects of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers on the growth of maize and wheat and soil physicochemical properties in the"rainfed area"of South Henan[D]. Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2022.
[23] 王静,王磊,张爱君,等. 长期增施有机肥对土壤不同组分有机磷含量及微生物丰度的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020,36(9):1161-1168. WANG Jing,WANG Lei,ZHANG Aijun,et al. Effects of longterm application of organic fertilizers on organic phosphorus content and microbial abundance of different soil fractions[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2020,36(9):1161-1168.
[24] 杜伟,赵秉强,林治安,等.有机物料与磷肥复混对玉米产量及肥料养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012,18(4):825-831. DU Wei,ZHAO Bingqiang,LIN Zhian,et al. Effects of organic materials mixed with phosphate fertilizer on corn yield and fertilizer nutrient uptake and utilization[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012,18(4):825-831.
[25] 刘占军,谢佳贵,张宽,等. 有机肥磷替代化肥磷对春玉米干物质积累和磷素吸收的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2011,19(2):123-128. LIU Zhanjun,XIE Jiagui,ZHANG Kuan,et al. Effects of replacing chemical fertilizer phosphorus with organic fertilizer phosphorus on dry matter accumulation and phosphorus uptake in spring maize[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(2):123-128.
[26] 王安臻,皇甫呈惠,高占,等. 缓控释肥对玉米氮磷钾养分分配及产量的影响[J]. 山东农业科学,2019,51(12):58-62. WANG Anzhen,HUANGFU Chenghui,GAO Zhan,et al. Effects of slow and controlled release fertilizers on the distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients and yield of maize[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2019,51(12):58-62.
[27] 张翔,朱洪勋,孙春河,等. 有机与无机肥料配施对玉米籽粒品质和生产力的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,1997,(5):31-33. ZHANG Xiang,ZHU Hongxun,SUN Chunhe,et al. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on grain quality and productivity of maize[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,1997, (5):31-33.
[28] 司海丽,纪立东,刘菊莲,等. 有机肥施用量对玉米产量、土壤养分及生物活性的影响[J]. 西南农业学报,2022,35(4):740-747. SI Haili,JI Lidong,LIU Julian,et al. Effects of organic fertilizer application on corn yield,soil nutrients and biological activity[J]. Southwest Journal of Agriculture,2022,35(4):740-747.