Abstract: 【Objective】The issue that quality of raw cotton in Xinjiang has deteriorated is becoming increasingly prominent with the rapid expansion of the machine-harvested cotton areas in Xinjiang. It is necessary to research the overall status and variation trends of the machine-harvested cotton quality in Xinjiang, explore technical approaches to improve its quality, and thereby provide theoretical and technical support for the high-quality development of Xinjiang cotton.【Methods】Guided by the notarized inspection data of raw cotton quality in Xinjiang over past years, this study analyzes the trends in quality grading of raw cotton during the mechanized harvesting transition, focusing on the Xinjiang divisions in both North and South Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps（XPCC）, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regin（XUAR）, and the entire Xinjiang. 【Results】The widespread adoption of machine-harvested cotton has significantly impacted the percentage of high-quality raw cotton（≥29.0 mm, ≥29.0 cN/tex, micronaire value 3.7-4.2）, showing a trend of initial decline followed by an increase. When the proportion of machine-harvested cotton in the XPCC and XUAR was below 60% and 20%, respectively, the harvesting technology was not yet mature, leading to a decline in the percentage of high-quality raw cotton by 25.7%-49.3%. However, when the proportion exceeded 60% in the XPCC and 20% in XUAR, the percentage of high-quality raw cotton stabilized. During the promotion of machine-harvested cotton, the fiber length and breaking strength of raw cotton in Northern Xinjiang were significantly higher than those in Southern Xinjiang by 0.1-1.0 mm and 0.8-1.8 cN/tex, respectively.【Conclusion】 The quality grades of raw cotton, particularly the proportion of high-quality raw cotton, have affected by the popularization and application of machine-harvested cotton in Xinjiang to a certain extent. Importantly, as the technology matured, the share of all quality grades of Xinjiang raw cotton tend to stabilize.

Key words: cotton; machine-harvested; raw cotton quality

摘要： 【目的】随着新疆机采棉面积的迅速扩大，原棉质量下降的问题也日益突出。本文分析了新疆机采棉原棉品质的整体状况及变化趋势，探讨了提升原棉品质的技术途径，研究结果为新疆棉花高质量发展提供理论和技术支撑。【方法】本研究基于历年新疆原棉品质公证检验数据，分析在机采棉推广应用过程中，新疆南、北疆原棉品质各等级变化趋势。【结果】随着机采棉的推广应用，其对高等品质（≥29.0 mm、≥29.0 cN/tex、马克隆值3.7~4.2）原棉比例影响较大，呈现先下降后上升趋势。当新疆生产建设兵团和新疆地方机采棉比例分别低于60%和20%时，机采技术尚未成熟，高等级原棉比例呈现下降趋势，降幅为25.7%~49.3%。当兵团机采棉面积比例超过60%、地方机采棉面积比例超过20%时，高等级品质原棉比例趋于稳定。在机采棉推广应用过程中，新疆北疆原棉纤维长度和断裂比强度较新疆南疆显著高0.1~1.0 mm和0.8~1.8 cN/tex。【结论】新疆在推广应用机采棉过程中，在一定程度上影响了原棉的品质等级，尤其是对高等级原棉的影响较大，当机采棉技术成熟后，新疆各等级原棉趋于稳定。

关键词: 棉花, 机采, 原棉品质