Analysis of effects of water and nitrogen timing on cotton root morphological characteristics and yield formation

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.08.008

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (8): 1892-1906.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.08.008

• Cultivation Physiology·Soil Fertilizer·Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Analysis of effects of water and nitrogen timing on cotton root morphological characteristics and yield formation

LI Yujiang¹, LIN Tao^2,3, ZHANG Pengzhong², CUI Jianping², GUO Rensong², LI Qianwen¹, TANG Qiuxiang¹

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Research Institute of Cotton, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences/China National Cotton Research and Development Center, Urumqi 830091, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Desert Oasis Crop Physiological Ecology and Tillage, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-12-30 Published:2025-12-06
Supported by:
The Major Scientific R & D Program Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region（2020A01002-4-4）；The Special Independent Cultivation Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences（xjnkyzzp-2022002）; The Agricultural S & T Innovation Stability Support Special Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences（xjnkywdzc-2023007）；National Natural Science Foundation of China（32260542）；The Major Scientific R & D Program Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region （2022A02011-2-1）；The Digital Cotton Technology Innovation Platform Construction Project; The "Tianshan Talents" Training Program Project of Xinjiang Finance "Cotton Light and Simple and Efficient Cultivation Technology Innovation Team"（2023 TSYCTD004）；China Agriculture Research System "Cotton Industry Technology System"（CARS-15-13）; Xinjiang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System "Cotton Industry Technology System"（XIARS-03）; the "Tianshan Talents" Training Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Young Top Talents — Youth Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents （2023TSYCCX0019）；The Major Scientific R & D Program Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region（2022B02033-1）

水氮时序对棉花根系形态特征及产量形成的影响分析

李玉江¹, 林涛^2,3, 张鹏忠², 崔建平², 郭仁松², 李倩文¹, 汤秋香¹

1. 新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院棉花研究所/国家棉花工程技术研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830091;
3. 农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091

通讯作者: 林涛（1981—），男，河南洛阳人，研究员，博士研究生，研究方向为棉花智慧生产，（E-mail）27427732@qq.com;汤秋香（1980—），女，河南开封人，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为棉田生态环境，（E-mail）790058828@qq.com
作者简介:李玉江（1997—），男，河南洛阳人，研究方向为农田生态环境，（E-mail）1656952262@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项（2020A01002-4-4）；新疆农业科学院自主培育专项（xjnkyzzp-2022002）；新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项（xjnkywdzc-2023007）；国家自然科学基金项目（32260542）；新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项（2022A02011-2-1）；自治区财政专项“数字棉花科技创新平台建设项目；新疆“天山英才”培养计划“棉花轻简高效栽培技术创新团队”（2023TSYCTD004）；国家现代农业产业技术体系-棉花产业技术体系（CARS-15-13）；新疆现代农业产业技术体系-棉花产业技术体系（XIARS-03）；新疆“天山英才”培养计划“青年拔尖人才项目-青年科技创新人才”（2023TSYCCX0019）；新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项（2022B02033-1）

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Root is the main part of crops to absorb water and nutrients. Reasonable water and fertilizer management is crucial to the development and function of roots, and a key strategy to improve crop productivity and sustainability. This project aims to reveal the regulation mechanism of irrigation and nitrogen application timing on cotton root morphology and yield formation, optimize root health and crop growth soil environment.【Methods】The effects of different water and nitrogen timings on root morphology, root shoot ratio and yield formation of cotton were simulated by soil column under full irrigation（450 mm, no stress CK, W₁） and deficit irrigation（225 mm, severe deficit, W₂）. The different water and nitrogen timings were divided into three stages according to the equal time interval of each irrigation process, and the nitrogen application amount was added to a certain period or all periods. The treatment was（A: 100 % N was dripped in the later period; B: WN uniformly mixed drip; C:100 % N in the middle ; D : 100 % N in the anterior segment ）.【Results】 80.10%-91.58% of the root biomass was distributed in the 0-40 cm soil layer, which was the area where the root morphology of cotton was easily affected by the timing of nitrogen application. Under W₁ treatment, compared with A（CK）treatment, B, C and D treatments significantly reduced root biomass by 5.10%, 3.96% and 9.98%, and mainly reduced root biomass in 0-20 cm. The advance of nitrogen application time increased deep root biomass. Among them, C treatment significantly increased root length and surface area in 0-40 cm soil layer, and significantly reduced root average diameter and root shoot ratio. Its yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity increased by 8.22%, 7.31% and 5.86 %, respectively. Under W₂ treatment, compared with A（CK）treatment, the root biomass of B, C and D treatments increased significantly by 19.80%,5.19% and 10.13 %, respectively, and the root-shoot ratio decreased significantly in advance of nitrogen application time, but the seed cotton yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity did not increase significantly.【Conclusion】Water and nitrogen timing has a certain effect on root morphology, root-shoot ratio, yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency. When the irrigation water is sufficient, the middle nitrogen application can be used, which is beneficial to optimize the root distribution in the 0-40 cm soil layer, increase the root length and surface area, strengthen the root absorption of water and nitrogen in the deep soil layer, reduce the root-shoot ratio, and improve the water use efficiency, nitrogen partial productivity and yield. When irrigation water is scarce, water and fertilizer should be mixed and dripped, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil layer, promoting root absorption, easily forming a strong root system, and improving the resistance of cotton.

Key words: nitrogen application timing; root system architecture; root shoot ratio; yield components; water use efficiency; partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer

摘要： 【目的】根系是作物吸收水分和养分的主要部位，合理的水肥管理对根系的发育及其生理功能的维持至关重要，是提高作物生产力的关键策略。为揭示灌溉和施氮时序对棉花根系形态及产量形成的调节机制，优化根系健康和作物生长土壤环境。【方法】通过土柱模拟充分灌溉（450 mm，无胁迫 CK，W₁）和亏缺灌溉（225 mm，重度亏缺，W₂）条件下，不同水氮时序对棉花根系形态、根冠比和产量形成的影响，不同水氮时序是将每次灌水过程按等时间间隔分为前、中、后段，并把每次施氮量加入某个时段或全部时段，处理分别为（A：后段滴 100% N；B：WN 全程均匀混合滴施；C：中段滴 100% N；D：前段滴 100%N）。【结果】根系生物量的80.10%～91.58% 分布于0～40 cm 土层范围，该区域是棉花根系形态容易受到施氮时序影响较为显著的区域。在W1处理下，相较于A（CK）处理，B、C、D处理分别降低了5.10%、3.96%和9.98%的根系生物量，且主要降低0～20 cm土层根系生物量，施氮时间提前会增加深层根系生物量，其中，C处理显著增加了0～40 cm土层的根系长度及表面积，并显著降根系平均直径、根冠比，其产量、水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力分别增加8.22%、7.31%、5.86%；在W2处理下，相较于A（CK）处理，B、C、D处理的根系生物量分别增加19.80%、5.19%、10.13%，施氮时间提前显著降低根冠比，但籽棉产量、水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力无明显增加。【结论】水氮时序对根系形态、根冠比、产量、水分和氮素利用效率均有一定的影响。在灌溉水充足时可采用中段施氮，有利于优化0～40 cm土层根系分布，增加根系长度和表面积，加强了根系对深土层的水分、氮素吸收，降低根冠比，并有利于提高水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和籽棉产量；在灌溉水匮乏时将水肥混匀滴施，有利于氮肥在土层均匀分布，促进根系吸收，易形成健壮根系，提高棉花抗逆能力。

关键词: 施氮时序, 根系形态, 根冠比, 产量构成, 水分利用效率, 氮肥偏生产力

CLC Number:

S562

LI Yujiang, LIN Tao, ZHANG Pengzhong, CUI Jianping, GUO Rensong, LI Qianwen, TANG Qiuxiang. Analysis of effects of water and nitrogen timing on cotton root morphological characteristics and yield formation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(8): 1892-1906.

李玉江, 林涛, 张鹏忠, 崔建平, 郭仁松, 李倩文, 汤秋香. 水氮时序对棉花根系形态特征及产量形成的影响分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(8): 1892-1906.

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Analysis of effects of water and nitrogen timing on cotton root morphological characteristics and yield formation

水氮时序对棉花根系形态特征及产量形成的影响分析

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