Effects of drip irrigation on the growth and development, yield formation, and water use efficiency of cotton in Xinjiang

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.005

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 294-301.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.005

• Crop Genetics and Breeding·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of drip irrigation on the growth and development, yield formation, and water use efficiency of cotton in Xinjiang

WANG Yiding(), ZHANG Kai(), ZHANG Lingjian, ZHANG Hui, GUO Xiaomeng, CHEN Guoyue

College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes/Research Center for Green Production Engineering Technology in Xinjiang Planting Industry,Urumqi 830052,China

Received:2024-07-29 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-04-17
Correspondence author: ZHANG Kai
Supported by:
Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“R & D of Key Technologies for Reducing Fertilizer Application and Increasing Efficiency in Crops with Targeted Quality Improvement(2022B02020-2);Major Scientific R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Efficient Water Use of Typical Crops in the Field and Intelligent Control Model of Crop Habitat”(2022A02003-2)

滴灌量对新疆棉花生长发育、产量形成和水分利用效率的影响

王奕丁(), 张凯(), 张凌健, 张慧, 郭小梦, 陈国悦

新疆农业大学资源与环境学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室/新疆种植业绿色生产工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052

通讯作者: 张凯
作者简介:王奕丁(1996-),女,河南巩义人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花水分调控,(E-mail)jinhao911216@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目“作物定向提质化肥减施增效关键技术研发与应用”(2022B02020-2);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“田间典型作物高效用水及作物生境智能管控模式”(2022A02003-2)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore how different irrigation quantities influences on cotton growth and development, yield formation, and water use efficiency. 【Methods】A field experiment was carried out in Bole City, Xinjiang by using normal irrigation as control (3,360 m³/hm²), and setting up mild water deficit (80% of normal irrigation, 2,688 m³/hm²), moderate water deficit (60% of normal irrigation, 2,016 m³/hm²), severe water deficit (40% of normal irrigation, 1,344 m³/hm²) treatments, to determine plant height, number of nodes in the main stem, number of fruiting branches, bolling and abscission characteristics of cotton at different fertility stages, and mensurate yield components of cotton at harvest. 【Results】(1) Compared with the normal irrigation treatment, deficit irrigation advanced the cotton bud stage, flowering stage, full boll stage, and fluffing stage by 0 to 4 days, 2 to 6 days, 2 to 7 days, and 3 to 11 days, respectively. (2) After the bud stage, cotton plant height, main stem internode length, the number of fruiting branches and the number of buds and bolls per plant showed a tendency to decrease with the reduction of irrigation; bolls and fruit set were mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the canopy, and their numbers all decreased with the reduction of irrigation. (3) Cotton whole-plant biomass showed a decreasing trend with decreasing irrigation amounts. (4) Seed cotton yield showed a decreasing trend with the reduction of irrigation amount, and the seed cotton yield of normal irrigation treatment reached 8,120 kg/hm², which was 7.0%-32.4% higher than that of deficit irrigation treatment, mainly due to the reduction of single boll number; with the reduction of irrigation amount, the irrigation water utilization efficiency gradually increased, and it was the highest in the treatment of severe deficit irrigation, which reached 4.19 kg/m³. 【Conclusion】Moderate deficit irrigation can help advance the flowering and bell setting time of cotton,shorten the growth period of cotton.

Key words: cotton; growth and development; irrigation treatment; yield formation; water use efficiency; dry matter accumulation

摘要：

【目的】探究不同灌溉量处理对棉花的发育、产量和水分利用效率的作用机理。【方法】在新疆博乐市设置大田试验,以正常灌溉量为对照(3 360 m³/hm²),设置(正常灌溉的80%,2 688 m³/hm²、正常灌溉的60%,2 016 m³/hm²、正常灌溉的40%,1 344 m³/hm²)不用水分梯度,测定棉花不同生育期株高、主茎节数、果枝数、结铃和脱落特征,采收期测定棉花产量构成。【结果】(1)相比正常灌溉处理,亏缺灌溉使棉花的蕾期、花期、盛铃期、吐絮期分别提前了0~4 d、2~6 d、2~7 d、3~11 d。(2)蕾期之后,棉花株高、主茎节间长度、果枝数和单株蕾铃数均表现出随着灌溉量减少而降低的趋势;主要分布在冠层中下部的结铃和坐果数均随灌水量减少而降低。(3)棉花整株生物量表现出灌溉量减少而降低趋势。(4)籽棉产量表现出灌溉量减少而降低趋势,正常灌溉处理籽棉产量达 8 120 kg/hm²,分别比亏缺灌溉处理高出7.0%~32.4%,主要由单株铃数降低所致;随着灌溉量减少,灌溉水分利用效率逐渐提高,重度缺水处理最高,达 4.19 kg/m³。【结论】适度的亏缺灌溉有助于提前棉花开花和结铃时间,缩短棉花生育期。

关键词: 棉花, 生长发育, 灌溉处理, 产量形成, 水分利用效率, 干物质积累

CLC Number:

S562

WANG Yiding, ZHANG Kai, ZHANG Lingjian, ZHANG Hui, GUO Xiaomeng, CHEN Guoyue. Effects of drip irrigation on the growth and development, yield formation, and water use efficiency of cotton in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 294-301.

王奕丁, 张凯, 张凌健, 张慧, 郭小梦, 陈国悦. 滴灌量对新疆棉花生长发育、产量形成和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 294-301.

Figures/Tables 10

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处理 Treat- ments	出苗水 Seedling water	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud stage	花期 Flowering	花铃期 Boll stage	花铃期 Bolling stage	盛铃期 Bolling stage	盛铃期 Bolling	吐絮期 Flocc- ulation	灌溉总量 Total amount of irrigation
W₁	650	807	344	344	286	234	121	432	142	3 360
W₂	650	646	275	275	229	187	97	346	114	2 819
W₃	650	484	206	206	172	140	73	259	85	2 275
W₄	650	323	138	138	114	94	48	173	57	1 735

处理 Treat- ments	出苗水 Seedling water	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud stage	花期 Flowering	花铃期 Boll stage	花铃期 Bolling stage	盛铃期 Bolling stage	盛铃期 Bolling	吐絮期 Flocc- ulation	灌溉总量 Total amount of irrigation
W₁	650	807	344	344	286	234	121	432	142	3 360
W₂	650	646	275	275	229	187	97	346	114	2 819
W₃	650	484	206	206	172	140	73	259	85	2 275
W₄	650	323	138	138	114	94	48	173	57	1 735

时间 Time (月/日)	尿素 (N含量46%) Urea (kg/hm²) (N content 46%)	磷酸一铵 (N含量12%, P₂O₅含量61%) Monoammonium phosphate (kg/hm²) (N content 12%, P₂O₅ content 61%)	农用硫酸钾 (K₂O含量50%) Agricultural potassium sulphate (kg/hm²) (50% K₂O content)
6/11	75	105	30
6/26	75	105	30
7/13	85	120	50
7/22	85	120	40
8/2	85	120	40

时间 Time (月/日)	尿素 (N含量46%) Urea (kg/hm²) (N content 46%)	磷酸一铵 (N含量12%, P₂O₅含量61%) Monoammonium phosphate (kg/hm²) (N content 12%, P₂O₅ content 61%)	农用硫酸钾 (K₂O含量50%) Agricultural potassium sulphate (kg/hm²) (50% K₂O content)
6/11	75	105	30
6/26	75	105	30
7/13	85	120	50
7/22	85	120	40
8/2	85	120	40

处理 Treat- ments	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud stage	花期 Flowering	盛铃期 Bolling stage	吐絮期 Flocculation
W₁	5月15日	6月21日	7月11日	8月6日	9月12日
W₂	5月15日	6月21日	7月9日	8月4日	9月9日
W₃	5月15日	6月20日	7月7日	8月3日	9月4日
W₄	5月15日	6月17日	7月5日	7月30日	9月1日

Effects of drip irrigation on the growth and development, yield formation, and water use efficiency of cotton in Xinjiang

滴灌量对新疆棉花生长发育、产量形成和水分利用效率的影响

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References 33

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处理 Treatments	根(g/株) Roots (g/plant)	茎(g/株) Stem (g/plant)	叶(g/株) Leaves (g/plant)	壳(g/株) Shell (g/plant)	絮+籽(g/株) Floc + seed (g/plant)	总生物量(g/株) Total biomass (g/plant)
W₁	4.99±0.05^a	20.01±0.09^a	2.46±0.04^a	19.26±0.12^a	49.3±0.27^a	96.73±0.46^a
W₂	4.77±0.07^ab	16.04±0.47^b	2.94±0.31^a	15.88±1.71^a	35.76±1.26^b	71.35±0.7^b
W₃	4.34±0.28^b	15.02±0.54^b	2.5±0.07^a	15.56±1.78^a	33.61±0.88^bc	68.51±0.61^b
W₄	4.64±0.09^ab	14.81±0.08^b	2.49±0.1^a	15.15±1.91^a	32.28±0.76^c	64.75±1.32^c

水分处理 Mois- ture treat- ments	密度 (10⁴株/hm²) Density (10⁴ plants /hm²)	单株铃数 (个/株) Number of bolls per plant (pcs/plant)	单铃重 (g/株) Single boll weight (g/plant)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
W₁	16.25±0.25	8.86±0.37^a	5.62±0.82	8 120±320^a
W₂	16.25±0.65	8.28±0.60^a	5.54±0.55	7 551±243^b
W₃	16.25±1.2	7.82±0.52^a	5.65±0.13	7 121±212^b
W₄	16.25±0.63	6.52±0.13^b	5.21±0.08	5 641±152^b

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